(共60张PPT)
Section 4
Focus on Language Verb-ing and -ed Forms
课时目标
1．熟悉动词-ing和动词-ed形式，掌握它们的用法。
2．区分动词-ing和动词-ed形式，学会在语境中灵活运用。
目 录
课时检测
语境中体悟
Stephen Curry, a successful NBA player, spent many childhood hours in ①playing basketball on a muddy basketball court, where his grandfather built a simple basket by ②attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. ③Playing basketball was his dream.Though he was thought by many people to be too short and too weak to succeed, he wouldn't give up ④playing.⑤Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.With him ⑥leading the Warriors, it won the championship in 2015.
⑦Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is a living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.Stephen Curry's success has made those ⑧looking down upon him ⑨surprised.
[语法入门]
1．动词-ing形式作主语和宾语：
③处是动词-ing形式作主语；①②④处属于动词-ing 形式作宾语；①②处分别作介词in和by的宾语；④处作动词短语give up的宾语。
2．动词-ing形式作定语、宾语补足语和状语：
⑧处是动词-ing形式作定语；⑥处是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语；⑦处是动词-ing 形式作状语。
3．动词-ed形式作状语和宾语补足语：
⑤处是动词-ed形式作状语；⑨处是动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语。
学案中理清
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因此它在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词-ed形式没有时态和语态的变化，动词-ing 形式的变化见下表：
动词-ing形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一、分词作表语
1．作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
The result of the game was disappointing.
比赛的结果令人失望。
My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall.
我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。
2．动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、 remain、 feel、 seem、 look、 become等。
When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there.
当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往已经具备了形容词的性质。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
他看完信后显得很担心。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants.
②At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were ______ (move)．
③This is the key to making your hair look _________ (interest)．
closed
moved
interesting
④The kids seem pretty ______ (excite) about the holiday.
⑤It's ________ (amaze) that no one else has applied for the job.
⑥They were _________ (frighten) to hear the frightening sound.
excited
amazing
frightened
二、分词作定语
1．现在分词作定语时，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。表示感情的现在分词作定语，意为“令人……的”。
The young man working in that institute is my brother.
那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。
2．动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
3．及物动词的动词-ed形式作定语，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是动宾关系；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The old man is sweeping the fallen leaves on the path at the moment.(表示完成)
老人此刻正在清扫这条小路上的落叶。
Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(表示被动)
昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
4．一般情况下，单个动词-ed形式作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
inspired
designed
③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)The times ______ (list) on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
intended
listed
recognized
⑥(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
visiting
⑦(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ (fall) child.
⑧(2022·全国乙卷)“...It can help to build a community with a _______ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
falling
shared
三、分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
1．现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a big house in that region.
因为穷，他在那个地区买不起大房子。
2．过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Blamed by his boss, he decided to change his job.
因为被老板责备了，所以他决定换工作。
The organiser entered the hall, followed by a group of volunteers.
组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。
3．有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作是状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while、 when、 once、 if、 though、 although、 even if、 even though、 unless、 as、 than等。
When (he was) asked why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.
当他被问到为什么看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。
|轻|巧|识|记| 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题;
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系;
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
4．动词-ing 形式短语和动词-ed 形式短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。
The manager sat quietly in the office, his eyes closed.
经理静静地坐在办公室里，闭着眼睛。
The headmaster came into the room, a group of students following him.
校长进了房间，后面有一群学生跟着他。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)_________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said ...
②(2024·浙江1月高考)_______ (have) a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.
Recalling
Having
③(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, _________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)_______ (sit) on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
borrowing
Sitting
⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)__________ (compare) to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, _________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
⑦____________ (live) in China for years, he can speak Chinese well now.
Compared
planning
Having lived
(2)句型转换
⑧If weather permits, we shall play the match tomorrow.
→__________________, we shall play the match tomorrow.
Weather permitting
四、分词作宾语补足语
1．若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用动词-ing形式； 若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用动词-ed形式。
2．可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词：feel、 hear、 look at、 listen to、 notice、 observe、 sense、 see、 watch等之后。
(2)使役动词：get、 have、 keep、 leave、 send、 set等之后。
(3)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
When I walked onto the stage, I felt my heart beating faster.
当我走上舞台时，我感觉我的心跳加速了。
His wife rushed out of the house, leaving his little son crying.
他的妻子冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。
With so many people looking at her, the young performer felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。
3．可接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词或表示心理状态的词，如：see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice、 think、 consider、 find等之后。
(2)使役动词或者表示“保持某种状态”意义的动词，如：make、 get、 have、 keep、 leave等之后。
(3)表示希望、请求、命令的词之后，如：wish、 like、 expect、 order等。
(4)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。
With all the problems settled, he felt relieved.
所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart _________ (pound) and legs _______ (shake)．
②(2023·浙江1月高考)With gas prices ______ (rise)and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us __________ (astonish)．
pounding
shaking
rising
astonished
④When you speak English, be sure to make yourself __________ (understand)．
⑤Newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _________ (inform) about the latest news around the world.
⑥He was found _____ (lie) on the playground yesterday morning.
understood
informed
lying
(2)完成句子
⑦You'd better __________________.
你最好把那颗牙补一下。
⑧I smell something _____________________.
我闻到厨房里有东西正在烧着。
⑨Just a few days after the signs went up, he _____________________
and engaging in active and joyful conversations.
在标牌立起来几天后，他发现人们坐在那儿进行着积极愉快的谈话。
found people sitting there
burning in the kitchen
have that tooth filled
[随堂应用体验]
根据汉语提示，用动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式完成短文
The white-haired man ①_______________________ (骑着一辆普通自行车的) was a famous photographer ②______________________ (名叫Bill Cunningham的)．③_____________________ (致力于摄影), he put hours of hard work into his work.He would even stay outside in a storm, ④_____________ (拍照片)．He never accepted the benefits ⑤___________________________________ (因为是一名摄影师而提供给他的)．This lack of self-interest
riding an ordinary bicycle
named Bill Cunningham
Devoted to photography
taking photos
offered to him for being a photographer
⑥_________________________ (使他专注于自己的技能), ⑦________
__________________________________ (使他成为一名特别的摄影师).
⑧________________ (被他的故事所感动), I am determined to become a successful man like him.I think ⑨__________________ (做一个人热爱的事情) is key to success so ⑩__________________ (我将会很兴奋) to stick to my hobby.
kept him focused on his skill
enabling
him to become a special photographer
Moved by his story
doing what one loves
I will be very excited
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He fell asleep with the lamp ________ (burn)．
2．________ (put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry.
3．________ (arrive) home, he found the door locked.
4．While _______ (wait) at the dentist's, I read a short story.
5．All the afternoon he worked with the door _______ (lock)．
6．The teacher stood there, __________ (surround) by many students.
burning
Putting
Arriving
waiting
locked
surrounded
7．The house ______ (build)100 years ago stood still after the earthquake.
8．As I got closer, I saw him _______ (kick) his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
9．The computer center, _______ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
10．__________ (attract) by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud when the pianist finally finished it.
built
kicking
opened
Attracted
Ⅱ.用分词形式改写句子
1．A country that/which is developing needs aids.
→___________________ needs aids.
2．The man who wears a red tie is our head teacher.
→The man _______________ is our head teacher.
3．The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.
→The workers ___________________ are well-paid.
A developing country
wearing a red tie
working in the factory
4．The teacher came in and carried some books.
→The teacher came in, ___________________.
5．The poor girl was so sad that she went to bed, and left the food untouched.
→The poor girl was so sad that she went to bed, _______________
_________.
carrying some books
leaving the food
untouched
6．Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching.
→___________________, John didn't notice evening approaching.
7．After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
→_______________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
Absorbed in painting
The lecture given
8．The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.
→The factory produced many famous cars, ___________________
_________________.
9．Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.
→___________________________, he felt very happy.
none of them shipped
to foreign countries
Extra money given to the poor
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．____________________________, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．__________________, he couldn't help thinking of those days in Yan'an.
当他看到那些照片时，不禁想起了在延安的那些日子。
Given the right kind of training
Seeing those pictures
3．She ran up to me, __________________ in the wind.
她跑向我，头发在风中飞舞着。
4．I ________________________________ when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她在唱一首英文歌。
5．Come and read the poem ____________________________!
来读一读这个八岁男孩写的诗吧！
with her hair flying
heard her singing an English song
written by an eight-year-old boy
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Over the past four decades, more than 450 butterfly species have been hit by the falling numbers.In the US alone, the number of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) has seen a drop of 80%, from scientists recording millions of them in the 1980s, and only 29,000 in 2020.It's part of a wider possibility across the insect group.In 2017, scientists in Germany raised alarm bells after finding that insects had fallen by more than 70% in 30 years.
For farmers, monarch butterflies pollinate (授粉) a very large percentage of food crops.It is very important to protect them because their disappearance could have a huge economic influence.Butterflies are also helpful in the coal mine for other insects, as it is easier for them to feel the environmental change, and relatively easy to record.
Leading environmental organizations have been working hard to find new ways of recording the number of butterflies.As of now, there is no long-term data to develop good protection methods.The scientists wanted to address the challenge that long-term recording programs worldwide have faced: They are focusing on training locals as insect experts, which requires much money.They came up with a new method to the problem.In Yasuni National Park, they hired park rangers (护林员) who were trained and then carried out recording.The rangers were able to recognize butterflies with an 85% success rate, which is important for these kinds of recording programs to be successful.
Compared with other recording projects, this study represents a long-term solution.“Our method increases the chance of recording in the long term by reducing the money spent on it such as wages，” said lead author Maria Checa.“Furthermore, it also offers opportunities for public organizations to achieve their environmental goals.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了记录蝴蝶数量变化的一种新方法，由此来保护蝴蝶，最终实现保护环境的目标。
1．How does the author develop the first paragraph
A．By telling a story.
B．By listing numbers.
C．By showing possible results.
D．By discussing different reasons.
解析：写作手法题。根据第一段内容可知，作者是通过列出数据的变化说明近年来蝴蝶数量下降的趋势。
√
2．How are butterflies different from other insects in feeling the environmental change
A．They are quicker. B．They are lazier.
C．They are slower. D．They are more inactive.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butterflies are also helpful in the coal mine for other insects, as it is easier for them to feel the environmental change, and relatively easy to record.”可知，与其他昆虫相比，蝴蝶对环境变化感知更快。
√
3．What does the underlined word “address” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Discover. B．Solve.
C．Invent. D．Balance.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“As of now, there is no long-term data to develop good protection methods.”可知，此处提出了一个亟待解决的问题。同时根据画线词后的宾语“challenge”指前文的“没有长期的数据来开发良好的保护方法”可知，画线词意为“解决”，与B项词义相近。
√
4．What's Maria Checa's attitude towards the new method
A．Uncaring. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Our method increases the chance of recording in the long term by reducing the money spent on it such as wages”可知，Maria Checa所说的是这个记录项目的优点，故可推断，Maria Checa对这个新方法持肯定态度。
√
Ⅴ.语法填空
Global climate change is not a future problem.Effects that scientists had long predicted would result 1 global climate change are now occurring.Some changes (such as droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall) are happening faster than scientists previously 2 (assess)．In fact, modern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate, some of 3 are so serious that they are unable to recover over the next hundreds to thousands of years.
Scientists are 4 (high) confident that global temperatures will rise continuously for many decades, mainly due to greenhouse gases 5 (produce) by human activities.It 6 (report) that human emissions of heat-trapping gases have warmed the climate by nearly 1.1 ℃ since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900)．To make matters 7 (bad), half of the world's population are likely to be exposed to extreme weather events by 2030.
The severity of 8 (effect) caused by climate change will depend on 9 path of future human activities.More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet.Unless 10 (reduce) emissions, we may not avoid some of their worst effects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化不是未来的问题，而是现在正在发生的，呼吁如果我们能够减少排放，或许能够避免一些最坏的影响。
1．from 考查介词。result from ...意为“由……引起”，为固定短语。
2．assessed 考查动词时态。本句是than引导的比较状语从句，assess作从句谓语，根据“previously”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是changes，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导。
4．highly 考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰空后的形容词confident。
5．produced 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will rise，所以produce应用非谓语形式；根据空后的“by”可知，此处表被动，应用过去分词形式。
6．is reported 考查固定句型。it is reported that意为“据报道”，是固定句型，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
7．worse 考查固定短语。to make matters worse意为“更糟糕的是”，是固定搭配。
8．effects 考查名词复数。effect为可数名词，由气候变化导致的影响应该有很多，应用其复数形式，故填effects。
9．the 考查冠词。the path of意为“……的路径”，为固定搭配。
10．reducing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作条件状语，且句子主语we与reduce之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。Section 4 Focus on Language: Verb ing and ed Forms
课时目标
1.熟悉动词 ing和动词 ed形式，掌握它们的用法。
2.区分动词 ing和动词 ed形式，学会在语境中灵活运用。
语境中体悟
Stephen Curry, a successful NBA player, spent many childhood hours in ①playing basketball on a muddy basketball court, where his grandfather built a simple basket by ②attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. ③Playing basketball was his dream.Though he was thought by many people to be too short and too weak to succeed, he wouldn't give up ④playing.⑤Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.With him ⑥leading the Warriors, it won the championship in 2015.
⑦Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is a living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.Stephen Curry's success has made those ⑧looking down upon him ⑨surprised.
[语法入门]
1．动词 ing形式作主语和宾语：
③处是动词 ing形式作主语；①②④处属于动词 ing 形式作宾语；①②处分别作介词in和by的宾语；④处作动词短语give up的宾语。
2．动词 ing形式作定语、宾语补足语和状语：
⑧处是动词 ing形式作定语；⑥处是动词 ing形式作宾语补足语；⑦处是动词 ing 形式作状语。
3．动词 ed形式作状语和宾语补足语：
⑤处是动词 ed形式作状语；⑨处是动词 ed 形式作宾语补足语。
学案中理清
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因此它在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词 ed形式没有时态和语态的变化，动词 ing 形式的变化见下表：
动词 ing形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一、分词作表语
1．作表语的动词 ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
The result of the game was disappointing.
比赛的结果令人失望。
My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall. 我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。
2．动词 ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。
(1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be、 remain、 feel、 seem、 look、 become等。
When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there.
当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。
(2)有些过去分词作表语时，往往已经具备了形容词的性质。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
他看完信后显得很担心。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ____________ (close) to protect the plants.
②At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were ____________ (move)．
③This is the key to making your hair look ____________ (interest)．
④The kids seem pretty ____________ (excite) about the holiday.
⑤It's ____________ (amaze) that no one else has applied for the job.
⑥They were ____________ (frighten) to hear the frightening sound.
二、分词作定语
1．现在分词作定语时，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。表示感情的现在分词作定语，意为“令人……的”。
The young man working in that institute is my brother.
那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。
2．动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。
3．及物动词的动词 ed形式作定语，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是动宾关系；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The old man is sweeping the fallen leaves on the path at the moment.(表示完成)
老人此刻正在清扫这条小路上的落叶。
Who were the so called guests invited to your flat last night？(表示被动)
昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
4．一般情况下，单个动词 ed形式作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前；动词 ed形式短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six meter tall pavilion, ____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ____________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)The times ____________ (list) on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
⑥(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to __________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
⑦(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2 metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ____________ (fall) child.
⑧(2022·全国乙卷)“...It can help to build a community with a ____________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
三、分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
1．现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
Being poor, he couldn't afford a big house in that region. 因为穷，他在那个地区买不起大房子。
2．过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Blamed by his boss, he decided to change his job.
因为被老板责备了，所以他决定换工作。
The organiser entered the hall, followed by a group of volunteers.
组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。
3．有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作是状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while、 when、 once、 if、 though、 although、 even if、 even though、 unless、 as、 than等。
When (he was) asked why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head.
当他被问到为什么看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。
|轻|巧|识|记| 分词作状语记忆口诀
4．动词 ing 形式短语和动词 ed 形式短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词 ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词 ed 形式。
The manager sat quietly in the office, his eyes closed. 经理静静地坐在办公室里，闭着眼睛。
The headmaster came into the room, a group of students following him.
校长进了房间，后面有一群学生跟着他。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)____________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said ...
②(2024·浙江1月高考)____________ (have) a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.
③(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, __________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)____________ (sit) on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)____________ (compare) to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
⑦________________ (live) in China for years, he can speak Chinese well now.
(2)句型转换
⑧If weather permits, we shall play the match tomorrow.
→__________________，we shall play the match tomorrow.
四、分词作宾语补足语
1．若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用动词 ing形式； 若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用动词 ed形式。
2．可接动词 ing形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词：feel、 hear、 look at、 listen to、 notice、 observe、 sense、 see、 watch等之后。
(2)使役动词：get、 have、 keep、 leave、 send、 set等之后。
(3)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
When I walked onto the stage, I felt my heart beating faster.
当我走上舞台时，我感觉我的心跳加速了。
His wife rushed out of the house, leaving his little son crying.
他的妻子冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。
With so many people looking at her, the young performer felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。
3．可接动词 ed形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词或表示心理状态的词，如：see、 hear、 feel、 watch、 notice、 think、 consider、 find等之后。
(2)使役动词或者表示“保持某种状态”意义的动词，如：make、 get、 have、 keep、 leave等之后。
(3)表示希望、请求、命令的词之后，如：wish、 like、 expect、 order等。
(4)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。
With all the problems settled, he felt relieved.
所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart ____________ (pound) and legs ____________ (shake)．
②(2023·浙江1月高考)With gas prices ____________ (rise) and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____________ (astonish)．
④When you speak English, be sure to make yourself ____________ (understand)．
⑤Newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us __________ (inform) about the latest news around the world.
⑥He was found ____________ (lie) on the playground yesterday morning.
(2)完成句子
⑦You'd better ____________________.
你最好把那颗牙补一下。
⑧I smell something _______________________________________________.
我闻到厨房里有东西正在烧着。
⑨Just a few days after the signs went up, he ________________________ and engaging in active and joyful conversations.
在标牌立起来几天后，他发现人们坐在那儿进行着积极愉快的谈话。
[随堂应用体验]
根据汉语提示，用动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式完成短文
The white haired man ①____________________________ (骑着一辆普通自行车的) was a famous photographer ②____________________ (名叫Bill Cunningham的)．③________________________ (致力于摄影), he put hours of hard work into his work.He would even stay outside in a storm, ④__________________________ (拍照片)．He never accepted the benefits ⑤____________________________ (因为是一名摄影师而提供给他的)．This lack of self interest ⑥________________________ (使他专注于自己的技能), ⑦________________________ (使他成为一名特别的摄影师)．⑧____________________ (被他的故事所感动), I am determined to become a successful man like him.I think ⑨________________________ (做一个人热爱的事情) is key to success so ⑩____________________________ (我将会很兴奋) to stick to my hobby.
Section 4 Focus on Language: Verb ing and ed Forms
学案中理清
一、[对点练] ①closed ②moved ③interesting ④excited ⑤amazing ⑥frightened
二、[对点练] ①inspired ②designed ③intended ④listed ⑤recognized ⑥visiting ⑦falling ⑧shared
三、[对点练] ①Recalling ②Having ③borrowing ④Sitting
⑤Compared ⑥planning ⑦Having lived
⑧Weather permitting
四、[对点练] ①pounding; shaking ②rising ③astonished ④understood ⑤informed ⑥lying ⑦have that tooth filled
⑧burning in the kitchen ⑨found people sitting there
[随堂应用体验]
①riding an ordinary bicycle ②named Bill Cunningham
③Devoted to photography ④taking photos
⑤offered to him for being a photographer
⑥kept him focused on his skill
⑦enabling him to become a special photographer
⑧Moved by his story ⑨doing what one loves
⑩I will be very excited
6 / 6UNIT 8 课时检测(四) Focus on Language: Verb ing and ed Forms
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He fell asleep with the lamp ____________ (burn)．
2．____________ (put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry.
3．____________ (arrive) home, he found the door locked.
4．While ____________ (wait) at the dentist's, I read a short story.
5．All the afternoon he worked with the door ____________ (lock)．
6．The teacher stood there, ____________ (surround) by many students.
7．The house ____________ (build)100 years ago stood still after the earthquake.
8．As I got closer, I saw him ____________ (kick) his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
9．The computer center, ____________ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
10．____________ (attract) by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud when the pianist finally finished it.
Ⅱ.用分词形式改写句子
1．A country that/which is developing needs aids.
→________________________ needs aids.
2．The man who wears a red tie is our head teacher.
→The man __________________ is our head teacher.
3．The workers who are working in the factory are well paid.
→The workers __________________ are well paid.
4．The teacher came in and carried some books.
→The teacher came in, ____________________.
5．The poor girl was so sad that she went to bed, and left the food untouched.
→The poor girl was so sad that she went to bed, ________________________.
6．Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching.
→____________________， John didn't notice evening approaching.
7．After the lecture was given, a lively question and answer session followed.
→______________________， a lively question and answer session followed.
8．The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.
→The factory produced many famous cars, ____________________________________.
9．Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.
→________________________， he felt very happy.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．________________________， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．________________________， he couldn't help thinking of those days in Yan'an.
当他看到那些照片时，不禁想起了在延安的那些日子。
3．She ran up to me, __________________ in the wind.
她跑向我，头发在风中飞舞着。
4．I ________________________ when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她在唱一首英文歌。
5．Come and read the poem _________________________________________________!
来读一读这个八岁男孩写的诗吧！
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Over the past four decades, more than 450 butterfly species have been hit by the falling numbers.In the US alone, the number of monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶) has seen a drop of 80%, from scientists recording millions of them in the 1980s, and only 29,000 in 2020.It's part of a wider possibility across the insect group.In 2017, scientists in Germany raised alarm bells after finding that insects had fallen by more than 70% in 30 years.
For farmers, monarch butterflies pollinate (授粉) a very large percentage of food crops.It is very important to protect them because their disappearance could have a huge economic influence.Butterflies are also helpful in the coal mine for other insects, as it is easier for them to feel the environmental change, and relatively easy to record.
Leading environmental organizations have been working hard to find new ways of recording the number of butterflies.As of now, there is no long term data to develop good protection methods.The scientists wanted to address the challenge that long term recording programs worldwide have faced: They are focusing on training locals as insect experts, which requires much money.They came up with a new method to the problem.In Yasuni National Park, they hired park rangers (护林员) who were trained and then carried out recording.The rangers were able to recognize butterflies with an 85% success rate, which is important for these kinds of recording programs to be successful.
Compared with other recording projects, this study represents a long term solution.“Our method increases the chance of recording in the long term by reducing the money spent on it such as wages，” said lead author Maria Checa.“Furthermore, it also offers opportunities for public organizations to achieve their environmental goals.”
1．How does the author develop the first paragraph
A．By telling a story.
B．By listing numbers.
C．By showing possible results.
D．By discussing different reasons.
2．How are butterflies different from other insects in feeling the environmental change
A．They are quicker. B．They are lazier.
C．They are slower. D．They are more inactive.
3．What does the underlined word “address” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Discover. B．Solve.
C．Invent. D．Balance.
4．What's Maria Checa's attitude towards the new method
A．Uncaring. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Global climate change is not a future problem.Effects that scientists had long predicted would result __1__ global climate change are now occurring.Some changes (such as droughts, wildfires, and extreme rainfall) are happening faster than scientists previously __2__(assess)．In fact, modern humans have never before seen the observed changes in our global climate, some of __3__ are so serious that they are unable to recover over the next hundreds to thousands of years.
Scientists are __4__ (high) confident that global temperatures will rise continuously for many decades, mainly due to greenhouse gases__5__ (produce) by human activities.It __6__ (report) that human emissions of heat trapping gases have warmed the climate by nearly 1.1 ℃ since the pre industrial period (between 1850 and 1900)．To make matters __7__ (bad), half of the world's population are likely to be exposed to extreme weather events by 2030.
The severity of __8__ (effect) caused by climate change will depend on __9__ path of future human activities.More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet.Unless__10__(reduce) emissions, we may not avoid some of their worst effects.
UNIT 8 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.burning 2.Putting 3.Arriving 4.waiting 5.locked 6.surrounded 7.built
8.kicking 9.opened 10.Attracted
Ⅱ.1.A developing country 2.wearing a red tie
3．working in the factory 4.carrying some books
5．leaving the food untouched 6.Absorbed in painting
7．The lecture given 8.none of them shipped to foreign countries
9．Extra money given to the poor
Ⅲ.1.Given the right kind of training 2.Seeing those pictures 3.with her hair flying
4.heard her singing an English song
5．written by an eight year old boy
Ⅳ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了记录蝴蝶数量变化的一种新方法，由此来保护蝴蝶，最终实现保护环境的目标。
1．选B 写作手法题。根据第一段内容可知，作者是通过列出数据的变化说明近年来蝴蝶数量下降的趋势。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butterflies are also helpful in the coal mine for other insects, as it is easier for them to feel the environmental change, and relatively easy to record.”可知，与其他昆虫相比，蝴蝶对环境变化感知更快。
3．选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“As of now, there is no long term data to develop good protection methods.”可知，此处提出了一个亟待解决的问题。同时根据画线词后的宾语“challenge”指前文的“没有长期的数据来开发良好的保护方法”可知，画线词意为“解决”，与B项词义相近。
4．选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Our method increases the chance of recording in the long term by reducing the money spent on it such as wages”可知，Maria Checa所说的是这个记录项目的优点，故可推断，Maria Checa对这个新方法持肯定态度。
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化不是未来的问题，而是现在正在发生的，呼吁如果我们能够减少排放，或许能够避免一些最坏的影响。
1．from 考查介词。result from ...意为“由……引起”，为固定短语。
2．assessed 考查动词时态。本句是than引导的比较状语从句，assess作从句谓语，根据“previously”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是changes，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导。
4．highly 考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰空后的形容词confident。
5．produced 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will rise，所以produce应用非谓语形式；根据空后的“by”可知，此处表被动，应用过去分词形式。
6．is reported 考查固定句型。it is reported that意为“据报道”，是固定句型，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
7．worse 考查固定短语。to make matters worse意为“更糟糕的是”，是固定搭配。
8．effects 考查名词复数。effect为可数名词，由气候变化导致的影响应该有很多，应用其复数形式，故填effects。
9．the 考查冠词。the path of意为“……的路径”，为固定搭配。
10．reducing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作条件状语，且句子主语we与reduce之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。
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