Section 8 Writing Workshop
课时目标
1.阅读课文，获取调查报告中呈现的关于市民环保意识和行为的信息。
2.梳理调查报告的文本结构，辨别其组成部分及具体内容。
3.辨别调查报告典型的语言句式特点，运用不同的语言句式和简单的图表进行定量表述。
1．Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500位市民，调查了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
★attitude n．看法；态度
|用|法|感|知|
·(“活动报道”佳句)Recently students in our class have made a survey on people's attitudes towards setting off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
最近，我们班的学生做了一个关于人们对在春节期间放烟花的态度的调查。
·(“建议”类佳句)Not only should we make the most of our time, but also we should have a positive attitude to our future.
我们不仅应该充分利用我们的时间，而且我们应该对我们的未来有一个积极的态度。
[归纳点拨]
an attitude to/towards ... 对……的态度(to 为介词，后接
名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards ...
对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态问题
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes ____________ one thing.
②His attitude to ____________ (protect) the wild animals is very firm.
③I dislike him because he always _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ the people around him.
我不喜欢他，因为他总是对他周围的人态度不好。
④People ________________________ are more likely to succeed.
生活态度积极的人更有可能成功。
2．Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.
此外，大多数居民都是骑自行车或步行。
★majority n．大多数
|用|法|感|知|
·(“调查报告”佳句)As is shown in the chart, the majority of students, as many as 70%, devoted themselves to studying while 30% went traveling.
如图所示，大多数学生，多达70%，致力于学习，而30%去旅游。
·Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion; only a minority were against it.
委员会的大多数成员都赞成这项建议；只有少数人反对它。
归纳点拨 (1)a/the majority of 大多数 be in the/a majority 占大多数 (2)major adj. 较大的；主要的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究 major in 主修
名师点津 (1)“a/the majority of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)当the majority作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the ____________ (major) of the students in the class were against it.
②The majority of the buildings ____________ (be) built in the 1970s.
③The majority ____________ (be) in favour of the suggestion.
④How I wish I ________________________ instead of computer science when I was at college!
我多么希望我在大学时主修的是医学而不是计算机科学啊！
3．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总而言之，看来几乎所有参加的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
★sum vt.概括，总结 n．和；总数；金额
|用|法|感|知|
·(主旨升华句)My favorite saying is “Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.” by Robert Collier.
我最喜欢的格言是罗伯特·科利尔说的：“成功是小努力的总和，日复一日地重复。”
·(“建议”类佳句)To sum up, as long as you are willing to study hard and have good study ways, you can learn it well.
总之，只要你愿意努力学习，有好的学习方法，你就能学好它。
[归纳点拨]
to sum up 总之(常位于句首)
in sum 总之；总而言之(常位于句首)
sum up/sum sth.up 总计；概括
a large sum of 许多，大量
|应|用|融|会| (完成句子)
①________________， we have achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
总而言之，我们已经取得了很多成就，但仍需更加努力奋斗。
②Now _______________________________________________ in a few words.
现在用几句话来概括一下你的观点。
③This is ______________________________________________________ so far.
这就是我到目前为止的全部成就。
4．More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.
参加调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去的一个月里完成了五项活动中的四项。
★take part in参加
|用|法|感|知|
·(“邀请”类佳句)Since you're interested in playing ping pong, I sincerely invite you to take part in the activity of Ping pong Club.
既然你对打乒乓球感兴趣，我真诚地邀请你参加乒乓球俱乐部的活动。
·(“通知”类佳句)It is a great opportunity to put your talent to good use.Please take an active part in the contest.
这是发挥你才能的好机会。请积极参加比赛。
[归纳点拨]
take part 参加(无宾语时，不用in)
take an active part in 积极参加(当part前有形容词
修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词)
play an important part in 在……中起重要作用；
在……中扮演重要角色
[易混辨析] 不一样的“参加”
take part in 参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
join in 参加活动或比赛，常可与take part in换用
join 加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，如join the army/the Party参军/入党；也可指加入某人的行列
attend 参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或讲座
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Sarah, who has taken part ____________ shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
②We are talking about how to protect the environment.Would you like to join ________ our discussion
③Women are playing ____________ more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.
④My teacher gave me a chance to __________________________________________
_________________________________________________ designing the class poster.
我的老师给了我一个参与设计班级海报的机会。
⑤Nowadays teenagers _______________________________________________________ social activities.
现在青少年正积极参加社会活动。
■写作项目——Write a Survey Report
本单元的写作任务是写一篇调查报告。调查报告属于应用文的范畴，是一种以比较正式的写作文体，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的考查常以图表作文的形式呈现，并要求将图表信息以文字的形式进行转述。调查报告采用三段式的写作模式： 首段进行简要的介绍，点明调查报告的主题；第二段就调查结果进行分析； 第三段得出结论并发表个人看法。
由教材学写作
一、学文体架构
阅读课文，总结该文体的框架结构如下：
二、学要点构思
调查报告的主体部分需要详细呈现调查的过程、所采用的方法、获取的数据以及对数据的分析和讨论。写作时可以采用举例、比较、对比、类比、分类、分析、说明和叙述的方法，按一定的顺序进行说明，如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序等，选择具体的特点和细节来说明。如课文第二、三段分别从市民的环保意识和良好行为以及发现的问题与不足两方面介绍了调查的情况，其中在第二段中通过举例来说明人们回收利用了一些废弃物并且减少了对一次性包装盒的使用，第三段中采用正反对比的手法，描述调查中的具体问题，突出调查报告的写作特点。
三、学语言特色
1．调查报告在说明样本比例时，常用不同的表达方式来进行定量表述，如课文中使用as high as 96%、 Very few (4%)、 Around 90%、 more than two thirds (70%)、 the majority等来说明被调查的人们在保护环境方面所采取的具体行动的比例，使调查报告更客观、更具有说服力。
2．根据图表内容写的调查报告，常用As the diagram shows来说明调查内容的真实可靠，增强调查报告的可信度。
[提能训练] (完成句子)
①________________________， people encounter various difficulties when learning a new language.
如图所示，人们在学习一门新语言时会遇到各种各样的困难。
②The recycling rate of this city is__________， which makes the environment much better.
这个城市的回收率高达 95%，这使得环境好多了。
③The proportion of people using green transportation is______________________ when the air is clear.
当空气清新时，使用绿色交通的人的比例超过三分之二。
具体写作指导
Write a survey report on environmental problem——写一篇有关环保问题的调查报告
第一步：构思谋篇
Tense Simple past tense
Person Third person
Main points Part 1：Introduce the background or purpose of the survey. Part 2：Specific findings of the survey and the problems it reflects. Part 3：Conclusion and advice or personal views on the result.
第二步：要点表达
第一部分 概述基本信息及写作目的
1．介绍背景
①____________________________， white pollution has become more and more serious and has aroused great concern among people.
随着经济的发展，白色污染越来越严重，引起了人们的极大关注。
②________________， plastic pollution has become a great concern among people.
众所周知，塑料污染已成为人们非常关注的问题。
2．点明目的
①________________________ the urgency of dealing with the white pollution, we carried out a survey.(不定式作状语)
为了了解人们是否意识到处理白色污染的紧迫性，我们进行了一项调查。
②________________________________________________________________________
protecting the environment, we arranged a survey last week.(with the aim)
为了唤起人们保护环境的意识，我们上周组织了一次调查。
3．介绍调查报告的开展
①Last weekend, my classmates _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ in the street.
上个周末，我的同学进行了一项关于街道白色污染或塑料污染的调查。
②Recently a survey, ________________________________________________， has been conducted among the local people.
最近在当地人中进行了一项调查，主题是“你如何处理白色污染”。
第二部分 具体介绍调查情况
1．描述图表
①________________________ about 90% of the people surveyed have taken measures to reduce the white pollution.
柱状图描述了大约90%的被调查者已采取措施减少白色污染。
②________________________ people have different attitudes towards this problem.
结果表明人们对这个问题有不同的态度。
③________________________， the number of the people using plastic products has been on the decrease.
如图所示，使用塑料制品的人数一直在下降。
2．表示对比或转折
①__________________， some people believe that plastic pollution is inevitable because plastic products are so widely used.
相反，一些人认为塑料污染是不可避免的，因为塑料制品被如此广泛地使用。
②________________________， paper bags or reusable bags are not convenient.
与塑料袋相比，纸袋或可重复使用的袋子不方便。
3．解释原因
①There are two reasons that can ______________________________________________
________________________.
有两个原因可以解释这一现象。
②The reason for this phenomenon is __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
造成这种现象的原因是塑料袋便宜而且容易买到。
第三部分 总结或个人建议
①We can ____________________ there is still a long way to go to solve the “white pollution” problem.
我们可以得出结论，解决“白色污染”问题还有很长的路要走。
②________________________， we should start from ourselves, trying not to use plastic products, especially single use plastic ones.
要解决这个问题，我们应该从自己做起，尽量不使用塑料制品，尤其是一次性塑料制品。
③Only through our joint efforts ______________________________ of white pollution and have a good future.
只有通过我们的共同努力，我们才能解决白色污染问题，拥有一个美好的未来。
[针对练笔]
你们班的同学利用周末在街头进行了一个有关“白色污染”的调查，请你写一个小片段，介绍一下调查结果。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
写作素材储备
一、写作佳句
1．常用开头句
(1)I have recently made a survey about how students learn online.
最近我做了一个关于学生如何在线学习的调查。
(2)I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in our school about their purpose of surfing the Internet.
最近，我在我们学校30名男生和30名女生中就他们的上网目的做了一次调查。
(3)We carried out a survey about people's attitudes to the rising prices.
我们就人们对不断上涨的物价的态度进行了一项调查。
(4)Last week, we interviewed about 100 students about their attitudes to canceling PE classes in senior year.
上周，我们采访了大约100名学生，询问他们对高三取消体育课的态度。
2．常用中间句
(1)Almost/More than/Less than fifty percent of the students learn online in the holiday.
几乎/超过/不到50%的学生假期在网上学习。
(2)The majority of people surveyed were in favor of the plan.
接受调查的大多数人都赞成这个计划。
(3)About 70% of people have used shared bikes.
大约70%的人使用过共享单车。
(4)However, about one third of the students think it is bad to ban students using mobile phones in school.
然而，大约三分之一的学生认为禁止学生在校使用手机是不好的。
3．常用结束句
(1)In conclusion, more and more students are beginning to save water and electricity.
总之，越来越多的学生开始节约用水和电。
(2)In a nutshell, shared bikes are becoming more and more popular among people.
简而言之，共享单车越来越受人们的欢迎。
(3)To sum up, most of people who took part in the survey said they understood the importance of health. 总之，大多数参加调查的人说他们了解了健康的重要性。
(4)However, not as many people were taking an active part in outdoor activities.
然而，积极参加户外活动的人并不多。
二、主题语段
1．介绍调查情况
As the diagrams show, the percentage of people who use shared bikes is as high as 70%, while around one third don't use shared bikes.Almost all who use shared bikes think it is convenient for them.94 students (67%) think they are cheaper compared with other means of transport.About one third consider it a good way to enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.Less than 20% think riding shared bikes can help reduce pollution.
如图所示，使用共享单车的人的比例高达70%，而大约三分之一的人不使用共享单车。几乎所有使用共享单车的人都认为这对他们来说很方便。94名学生(67%)认为与其他交通工具相比，它们更便宜。大约三分之一的人认为这是在城市享受锻炼好处的好方法。不到20%的人认为骑共享单车有助于减少污染。
2．提出改善环境的措施
We are taking steps to improve the environment.We have installed more trash cans and encourage people not to litter.Volunteers clean the park every week.We are also promoting recycling, such as turning old paper into new paper.We believe these efforts will make our environment better.
我们正在采取措施改善环境。我们安装了更多的垃圾桶，鼓励人们不要乱扔垃圾。志愿者每周清理公园。我们也在推广循环再利用，比如用废旧纸做成新纸。我们相信这些举措会让我们的环境变得更加美好。
Section 8 Writing Workshop
新知深化学习
1．①to/towards ②protecting ③has a bad attitude to/towards
④with a positive attitude towards life
2．①majority ②were ③was/were ④had majored in medicine
3．①To sum up/In sum ②sum up your views
③the sum of my achievements
4．①in ②in ③a ④take part in
⑤are taking an active part in
写作专项提能
由教材学写作
①As the diagram shows ②as high as 95%
③more than two thirds
具体写作指导
第一部分
1．①With the development of economy ②As is known to all
2．①To know whether people have realized
②With the aim of arousing people's awareness of
3．①carried out a survey about white pollution or plastic pollution
②whose topic is “How do you deal with white pollution”
第二部分
1．①The column chart tells that ②The results show that
③As is shown in the chart
2．①On the contrary ②Compared to/with plastic bags
3．①account for this phenomenon
②that the plastic bags are cheap and easy to get
第三部分
①draw a conclusion that ②To solve this problem
③will we solve the problem
[针对练笔]
参考范文：
Nearly all the people we interviewed agreed that it was really a serious problem facing the human beings and that we should take immediate action to tackle it.However, when it came to their action, it was a little letdown because few of them say no to single use plastic whether in the supermarkets or in the restaurants.
9 / 9(共73张PPT)
Section 8
Writing Workshop
课时目标
1．阅读课文，获取调查报告中呈现的关于市民环保意识和行为的信息。
2．梳理调查报告的文本结构，辨别其组成部分及具体内容。
3．辨别调查报告典型的语言句式特点，运用不同的语言句式和简单的图表进行定量表述。
目 录
新知深化学习
写作专项提能
课时检测
新知深化学习
1．Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500位市民，调查了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
★attitude n．看法；态度
|用|法|感|知|
·(“活动报道”佳句)Recently students in our class have made a survey on people's attitudes towards setting off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
最近，我们班的学生做了一个关于人们对在春节期间放烟花的态度的调查。
·(“建议”类佳句)Not only should we make the most of our time, but also we should have a positive attitude to our future.
我们不仅应该充分利用我们的时间，而且我们应该对我们的未来有一个积极的态度。
[归纳点拨]
an attitude to/towards ...对……的态度(to 为介词，后接
名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards ... 对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态问题
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes _________ one thing.
②His attitude to _________ (protect) the wild animals is very firm.
③I dislike him because he always _________________________ the people around him.
我不喜欢他，因为他总是对他周围的人态度不好。
④People ________________________________ are more likely to succeed.
生活态度积极的人更有可能成功。
to/towards
protecting
has a bad attitude to/towards
with a positive attitude towards life
2．Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.
此外，大多数居民都是骑自行车或步行。
★majority n．大多数
|用|法|感|知|
·(“调查报告”佳句)As is shown in the chart, the majority of students, as many as 70%, devoted themselves to studying while 30% went traveling.
如图所示，大多数学生，多达70%，致力于学习，而30%去旅游。
·Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion; only a minority were against it.
委员会的大多数成员都赞成这项建议；只有少数人反对它。
归纳 点拨 (1)a/the majority of 大多数
be in the/a majority 占大多数
(2)major adj. 较大的；主要的
n. 主修课程；主修学生
vi. 主修；专门研究
major in 主修
名师 点津 (1)“a/the majority of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)当the majority作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the _________ (major) of the students in the class were against it.
②The majority of the buildings _____ (be) built in the 1970s.
③The majority _________ (be) in favour of the suggestion.
④How I wish I ______________________ instead of computer science when I was at college!
我多么希望我在大学时主修的是医学而不是计算机科学啊！
majority
were
was/were
had majored in medicine
3．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总而言之，看来几乎所有参加的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
★sum vt.概括，总结 n．和；总数；金额
|用|法|感|知|
·(主旨升华句)My favorite saying is “Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.” by Robert Collier.
我最喜欢的格言是罗伯特·科利尔说的：“成功是小努力的总和，日复一日地重复。”
·(“建议”类佳句)To sum up, as long as you are willing to study hard and have good study ways, you can learn it well. 总之，只要你愿意努力学习，有好的学习方法，你就能学好它。
[归纳点拨]
to sum up 总之(常位于句首)
in sum 总之；总而言之(常位于句首)
sum up/sum sth.up 总计；概括
a large sum of 许多，大量
|应|用|融|会|
(完成句子) ①_________________, we have achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
总而言之，我们已经取得了很多成就，但仍需更加努力奋斗。
②Now _________________ in a few words.
现在用几句话来概括一下你的观点。
③This is _________________________ so far.
这就是我到目前为止的全部成就。
To sum up/In sum
sum up your views
the sum of my achievements
4．More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.
参加调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去的一个月里完成了五项活动中的四项。
★take part in参加
|用|法|感|知|
·(“邀请”类佳句)Since you're interested in playing ping-pong, I sincerely invite you to take part in the activity of Ping-pong Club.
既然你对打乒乓球感兴趣，我真诚地邀请你参加乒乓球俱乐部的活动。
·(“通知”类佳句)It is a great opportunity to put your talent to good use.Please take an active part in the contest.
这是发挥你才能的好机会。请积极参加比赛。
[归纳点拨]
take part 参加(无宾语时，不用in)
take an active part in
积极参加(当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词)
play an important part in
在……中起重要作用；在……中扮演重要角色
[易混辨析] 不一样的“参加”
take part in 参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
join in 参加活动或比赛，常可与take part in换用
join 加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，如join the army/the Party参军/入党；也可指加入某人的行列
attend 参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或讲座
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Sarah, who has taken part ___ shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
②We are talking about how to protect the environment.Would you like to join ___ our discussion
in
in
③Women are playing ___ more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.
④My teacher gave me a chance to __________ designing the class poster.
我的老师给了我一个参与设计班级海报的机会。
⑤Nowadays teenagers _______________________ social activities.
现在青少年正积极参加社会活动。
a
take part in
are taking an active part in
写作专项提能
写作项目——Write a Survey Report
本单元的写作任务是写一篇调查报告。调查报告属于应用文的范畴，是一种以比较正式的写作文体，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的考查常以图表作文的形式呈现，并要求将图表信息以文字的形式进行转述。调查报告采用三段式的写作模式： 首段进行简要的介绍，点明调查报告的主题；第二段就调查结果进行分析； 第三段得出结论并发表个人看法。
由教材学写作
一、学文体架构
阅读课文，总结该文体的框架结构如下：
二、学要点构思
调查报告的主体部分需要详细呈现调查的过程、所采用的方法、获取的数据以及对数据的分析和讨论。写作时可以采用举例、比较、对比、类比、分类、分析、说明和叙述的方法，按一定的顺序进行说明，如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序等，选择具体的特点和细节来说明。如课文第二、三段分别从市民的环保意识和良好行为以及发现的问题与不足两方面介绍了调查的情况，其中在第二段中通过举例来说明人们回收利用了一些废弃物并且减少了对一次性包装盒的使用，第三段中采用正反对比的手法，描述调查中的具体问题，突出调查报告的写作特点。
三、学语言特色
1．调查报告在说明样本比例时，常用不同的表达方式来进行定量表述，如课文中使用as high as 96%、 Very few (4%)、 Around 90%、 more than two thirds (70%)、 the majority等来说明被调查的人们在保护环境方面所采取的具体行动的比例，使调查报告更客观、更具有说服力。
2．根据图表内容写的调查报告，常用As the diagram shows来说明调查内容的真实可靠，增强调查报告的可信度。
[提能训练]
①______________________, people encounter various difficulties when learning a new language.
如图所示，人们在学习一门新语言时会遇到各种各样的困难。
②The recycling rate of this city is _______________, which makes the environment much better.
这个城市的回收率高达 95%，这使得环境好多了。
As the diagram shows
as high as 95%
③The proportion of people using green transportation is _____
______________ when the air is clear.
当空气清新时，使用绿色交通的人的比例超过三分之二。
than two thirds
more
具体写作指导
Write a survey report on environmental
problem——写一篇有关环保问题的调查报告
第一步：构思谋篇
Tense Simple past tense
Person Third person
Main points Part 1：Introduce the background or purpose of the survey.
Part 2：Specific findings of the survey and the problems it reflects.
Part 3：Conclusion and advice or personal views on the result.
第二步：要点表达
第一部分 概述基本信息及写作目的
1．介绍背景
①______________________________, white pollution has become more and more serious and has aroused great concern among people.
随着经济的发展，白色污染越来越严重，引起了人们的极大关注。
With the development of economy
②__________________, plastic pollution has become a great concern among people.
众所周知，塑料污染已成为人们非常关注的问题。
As is known to all
2．点明目的
①__________________________________ the urgency of dealing with the white pollution, we carried out a survey.(不定式作状语)
为了了解人们是否意识到处理白色污染的紧迫性，我们进行了一项调查。
②_________________________________________ protecting the environment, we arranged a survey last week.(with the aim)
为了唤起人们保护环境的意识，我们上周组织了一次调查。
To know whether people have realized
With the aim of arousing people's awareness of
3．介绍调查报告的开展
①Last weekend, my classmates _____________________________
________________________ in the street.
上个周末，我的同学进行了一项关于街道白色污染或塑料污染的调查。
②Recently a survey, ______________________________________
_________， has been conducted among the local people.
最近在当地人中进行了一项调查，主题是“你如何处理白色污染”。
carried out a survey about white
pollution or plasticpollution
whose topic is “How do you deal with white
pollution”
第二部分 具体介绍调查情况
1．描述图表
①_________________________ about 90% of the people surveyed have taken measures to reduce the white pollution.
柱状图描述了大约90%的被调查者已采取措施减少白色污染。
The column chart tells that
②___________________ people have different attitudes towards this problem.
结果表明人们对这个问题有不同的态度。
③_____________________, the number of the people using plastic products has been on the decrease.
如图所示，使用塑料制品的人数一直在下降。
The results show that
As is shown in the chart
2．表示对比或转折
①________________, some people believe that plastic pollution is inevitable because plastic products are so widely used.
相反，一些人认为塑料污染是不可避免的，因为塑料制品被如此广泛地使用。
②__________________________, paper bags or reusable bags are not convenient.
与塑料袋相比，纸袋或可重复使用的袋子不方便。
On the contrary
Compared to/with plastic bags
3．解释原因
①There are two reasons that can __________________________.
有两个原因可以解释这一现象。
②The reason for this phenomenon is _________________________
______________.
造成这种现象的原因是塑料袋便宜而且容易买到。
account for this phenomenon
that the plastic bags are cheap
and easy to get
第三部分 总结或个人建议
①We can ____________________ there is still a long way to go to solve the “white pollution” problem.
我们可以得出结论，解决“白色污染”问题还有很长的路要走。
②___________________, we should start from ourselves, trying not to use plastic products, especially single-use plastic ones.
要解决这个问题，我们应该从自己做起，尽量不使用塑料制品，尤其是一次性塑料制品。
draw a conclusion that
To solve this problem
③Only through our joint efforts ________________________ of white pollution and have a good future.
只有通过我们的共同努力，我们才能解决白色污染问题，拥有一个美好的未来。
will we solve the problem
[针对练笔]
你们班的同学利用周末在街头进行了一个有关“白色污染”的调查，请你写一个小片段，介绍一下调查结果。
参考范文：
Nearly all the people we interviewed agreed that it was really a serious problem facing the human beings and that we should take immediate action to tackle it.However, when it came to their action, it was a little letdown because few of them say no to single-use plastic whether in the supermarkets or in the restaurants.
写作素材储备
一、写作佳句
1．常用开头句
(1)I have recently made a survey about how students learn online.
最近我做了一个关于学生如何在线学习的调查。
(2)I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in our school about their purpose of surfing the Internet.
最近，我在我们学校30名男生和30名女生中就他们的上网目的做了一次调查。
(3)We carried out a survey about people's attitudes to the rising prices.
我们就人们对不断上涨的物价的态度进行了一项调查。
(4)Last week, we interviewed about 100 students about their attitudes to canceling PE classes in senior year.
上周，我们采访了大约100名学生，询问他们对高三取消体育课的态度。
2．常用中间句
(1)Almost/More than/Less than fifty percent of the students learn online in the holiday.
几乎/超过/不到50%的学生假期在网上学习。
(2)The majority of people surveyed were in favor of the plan.
接受调查的大多数人都赞成这个计划。
(3)About 70% of people have used shared bikes.
大约70%的人使用过共享单车。
(4)However, about one third of the students think it is bad to ban students using mobile phones in school.
然而，大约三分之一的学生认为禁止学生在校使用手机是不好的。
3．常用结束句
(1)In conclusion, more and more students are beginning to save water and electricity.
总之，越来越多的学生开始节约用水和电。
(2)In a nutshell, shared bikes are becoming more and more popular among people.
简而言之，共享单车越来越受人们的欢迎。
(3)To sum up, most of people who took part in the survey said they understood the importance of health.
总之，大多数参加调查的人说他们了解了健康的重要性。
(4)However, not as many people were taking an active part in outdoor activities.
然而，积极参加户外活动的人并不多。
二、主题语段
1．介绍调查情况
As the diagrams show, the percentage of people who use shared bikes is as high as 70%, while around one third don't use shared bikes.Almost all who use shared bikes think it is convenient for them.94 students (67%) think they are cheaper compared with other means of transport.About one third consider it a good way to enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.Less than 20% think riding shared bikes can help reduce pollution.
如图所示，使用共享单车的人的比例高达70%，而大约三分之一的人不使用共享单车。几乎所有使用共享单车的人都认为这对他们来说很方便。94名学生(67%)认为与其他交通工具相比，它们更便宜。大约三分之一的人认为这是在城市享受锻炼好处的好方法。不到20%的人认为骑共享单车有助于减少污染。
2．提出改善环境的措施
We are taking steps to improve the environment.We have installed more trash cans and encourage people not to litter.Volunteers clean the park every week.We are also promoting recycling, such as turning old paper into new paper.We believe these efforts will make our environment better.
我们正在采取措施改善环境。我们安装了更多的垃圾桶，鼓励人们不要乱扔垃圾。志愿者每周清理公园。我们也在推广循环再利用，比如用废旧纸做成新纸。我们相信这些举措会让我们的环境变得更加美好。
课时检测
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.靓表达升级
1．Recently a survey has been conducted among the local people.Its topic is “Do you use shared bikes”．(定语从句)
→Recently a survey, _____________________________________， has been conducted among the local people.
whose topic is “Do you use shared bikes”
2．We can only solve the problem and protect our earth through our joint efforts.(强调句＋倒装句)
→_______________________________________ solve the problem and protect our earth.
3．It's time for us to take immediate action to tackle the problem of “white pollution”．(it is high time that ...)
→______________________________________________ to tackle the problem of “white pollution”．
It is only through our joint efforts that can we
It's high time that we (should) take immediate action
Ⅱ.微语境写作
1．① _________________________________________________
_____________________________ (随着现代工业的迅速发展), the environment is becoming increasingly worse.It's high time that we should take measures ②__________________________________ (这样我们才能有一个更光明的未来)．We students can ③______________
_____________________ (通过低碳生活尽一份力)．
With modern industry developing quickly/the quick
development of modern industry
so that we can have a brighter future
do our part by
living a low-carbon life
2．Let's make efforts to ①________________________________
___________ (维护人与自然的平衡)．② ________________________
___________________ (我坚信会找到一个好的解决办法) and better world owes to the commitment and dedication of everyone.
maintain the balance between human
and nature
I strongly believe that a good
solution will be found
3．There are numerous ways to ① _________________________ (解决这一问题)．Firstly, we should ②___________________________
_________________ (我们应该过一种更环保的生活，并坚定地坚持下去)．Additionally, we should consider alternative modes of transportation such as cycling or walking, which not only reduce carbon emissions but also promote physical health.
work through this problem
live a greener life and insist on it
with determination
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动，针对同学们对于此次活动的态度，你在班上做了一次调查。请根据表格中的信息，用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。
观点 比例 理由
支持 70% 1.骑自行车的益处：节约能源、有益身体健康等
2．汽车带来了空气污染和交通堵塞等问题
反对 30% 骑自行车上学浪费时间且不安全
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：traffic jam交通堵塞
参考范文：
Recently our school held an activity called “Green Transport to School”， which calls on students to ride bicycles to school.I have made a survey on our classmates' attitudes towards this activity.
70% of our classmates support it for two reasons.One reason is that riding a bicycle can be energy-saving and is good for our health.The other reason is that cars lead to air pollution and traffic jams.However, others think if the school is far away from home, riding to school is not only unsafe but also a waste of time.
In my opinion, riding to school will be a very good choice if you're not in a hurry and if the weather is fine.
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure of teaching a young couple to dive in Thailand on one of my favorite reefs.The weather conditions were perfect, with mild currents (水流) and excellent sight of the beautiful ocean and the bright, vivid corals.Even with their masks on, I could see the smiles on my students' faces.
The dive couldn't have gone better.However, things changed as we made our way back to the boat.As we swam back along the reef, I noticed the current changing.As it did, huge quantities of trash and plastic began to flood the area.I saw small reef fish swimming amongst the straws, plastic bags and other bits of rubbish.I noticed that some of the fish were pecking (啄) away at the plastic.By the time we got back onboard the boat, there were bits of plastic floating all around us.It looked more like a trash site than the ocean.
When I got home, the first thing I did was to go online and research plastic pollution in the ocean.I was surprised to find out that over the past decade, divers and beach lovers have seen a lot of changes in the oceans.Even very remote locations were suddenly filled with plastic and other chemicals.Plastics were entering our
oceans at an alarming rate — up to 12 million tons each year.This huge amount of plastic was wreaking havoc (破坏) not only on the environment, but also on the marine animals that lived in the ocean, such as sea turtles.Some of them were sadly mistaking the pieces of plastic for food.Pollution has brought our oceans to the point of disaster, and unless we make a great change, then our oceans and all of its living things, will be at risk.
Since that unforgettable plastic-polluted dive, I have become an ocean supporter and spend my days trying to get the message out there about just how harmful ocean pollution is, not only to marine life, but also to mankind.
Then the idea came to me: I could appeal to my fellow divers to take action.I reached out to the local divers, who immediately started supporting me.The following months saw us collecting pieces of plastic that we saw floating past and putting them in the pocket of our diving suits.If we were walking along the beach, we made sure to collect all the plastic that we saw on the sand.The effects were noticeable almost immediately.I could see the beach returning to its original beauty.However, I knew that these individual actions weren't enough to stop the concerning plastic pollution crisis unless companies stopped producing so much plastic in the first place.
注意：1.续写词数应为80左右；
2．重点描述作者通过网络传播海洋塑料污染的危害，取得了一定的成效，以及作者对自身行动的感悟。要求逻辑通顺、情节合理。
I decided to take it a step further to try and stop those companies producing single-use plastic.___________________________________
___________________________________________________________
I decided to take it a step further to try and stop those companies producing single-use plastic.One way in particular stood out because it was easy to implement, yet its effects would be far reaching.Whenever I found a piece of branded plastic waste in the ocean, on a river bank or beach, I took a picture of it and posted it on social media, tagged the brand, and used the hashtag “IsThisYours？” Since I started this approach, I have reached out to a dozen companies in this way and got more and more enthusiastic followers.We may be limited in what we can do, but I believe that a single spark can start a prairie fire.
参考范文：
[阅读拓展训练]
I live in London now. Last year, I decided to take a break and do some traveling.During my travel, I saw a lot of plastic waste in the ocean, and started wondering what I could do about it.I reused my bamboo bike, which I'd made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.
On September 18, I started my journey at the source of the Thames in Lechlade.Every day was different and the first was the worst.It was raining hard and when I tried to put the bamboo bike in the water, the weight of it turned the whole thing over.I thought: This is it — the project is over! But after a good hour I managed to get it out.
I had two fishing nets that I filled up every day with plastic, and I couldn't even collect everything because some bits were hidden under a forest of seagrass.I also took pictures and geotagged them, to map which parts of the river were the most polluted.Oxford was particularly bad, with a lot of takeaway boxes, bottles, DVDs and even some chicken breasts still in the plastic bags.
My journey taught me the hard way that cleaning up the river is not going to solve the problem.We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.I'm thinking of running some activities in London and trying to make them spread quickly, like filling up a London bus with plastic bottles to represent how much plastic waste is produced every minute in London.
I want to show people how plastic is affecting us: How some of it even comes back into our bodies via microplastics (塑料微粒) in fish or salt.I know you can't totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I'd like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.Every step helps.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者休假旅行途中看到海洋上漂浮着很多塑料垃圾，于是开始骑着自己的竹制自行车在泰晤士河上捡塑料垃圾，保护环境的故事。
1．Why did the author make use of the bamboo bike again
A．It's comfortable to ride.
B．It can float on the water.
C．It can be used for exercise.
D．It won't pollute the river.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I reused my bamboo bike, which I'd made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.”可知，竹子做的自行车可以漂浮在水上，所以作者循环利用它。
√
2．How did the author feel when the bamboo bike turned over
A．The project failed.
B．The bike was gone.
C．Everything would turn better.
D．All the work was finished.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I thought: This is it — the project is over！”可知，竹制自行车翻车的时候，作者认为这个项目失败了。
√
3．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “geotagged” in paragraph 3
A．Revised. B．Cleared.
C．Marked. D．Collected.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“took pictures”以及下文的“to map which parts of the river were the most polluted”可知，作者拍下照片是为了绘制地图，标识出河流的哪片区域污染最严重。由此可推知，画线词与绘制地图有关，表示对垃圾多的地方进行标记。mark表示“做记号”，意思与之相近。
√
4．What does the author think is more important to do with plastic pollution
A．Closing plastic factories. B．Reusing plastic items.
C．Collecting plastic waste. D．Buying fewer plastic products.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.”及最后一段中的“I know you can't totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I'd like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.”可知，在作者看来，少购买塑料制品对减少塑料污染很重要。
√UNIT 8 课时检测(八) Writing Workshop
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.靓表达升级
1．Recently a survey has been conducted among the local people.Its topic is “Do you use shared bikes”．(定语从句)
→Recently a survey, __________________________________________________， has been conducted among the local people.
2．We can only solve the problem and protect our earth through our joint efforts.(强调句＋倒装句)
→____________________________________ solve the problem and protect our earth.
3．It's time for us to take immediate action to tackle the problem of “white pollution”．(it is high time that ...)
→____________________________________ to tackle the problem of “white pollution”．
Ⅱ.微语境写作
1．①________________________________________________________________________ (随着现代工业的迅速发展), the environment is becoming increasingly worse.It's high time that we should take measures ②____________________________ (这样我们才能有一个更光明的未来)．We students can ③____________________________ (通过低碳生活尽一份力)．
2．Let's make efforts to ①__________________________________________ (维护人与自然的平衡)．②______________________________ (我坚信会找到一个好的解决办法) and better world owes to the commitment and dedication of everyone.
3．There are numerous ways to ①________________________ (解决这一问题)．Firstly, we should ②__________________________________ (我们应该过一种更环保的生活，并坚定地坚持下去)．Additionally, we should consider alternative modes of transportation such as cycling or walking, which not only reduce carbon emissions but also promote physical health.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近学校组织了一次名为“绿色交通去上学”的活动，针对同学们对于此次活动的态度，你在班上做了一次调查。请根据表格中的信息，用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。
观点 比例 理由
支持 70% 1.骑自行车的益处：节约能源、有益身体健康等 2．汽车带来了空气污染和交通堵塞等问题
反对 30% 骑自行车上学浪费时间且不安全
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：traffic jam交通堵塞
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Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure of teaching a young couple to dive in Thailand on one of my favorite reefs.The weather conditions were perfect, with mild currents (水流) and excellent sight of the beautiful ocean and the bright, vivid corals.Even with their masks on, I could see the smiles on my students' faces.
The dive couldn't have gone better.However, things changed as we made our way back to the boat.As we swam back along the reef, I noticed the current changing.As it did, huge quantities of trash and plastic began to flood the area.I saw small reef fish swimming amongst the straws, plastic bags and other bits of rubbish.I noticed that some of the fish were pecking (啄) away at the plastic.By the time we got back onboard the boat, there were bits of plastic floating all around us.It looked more like a trash site than the ocean.
When I got home, the first thing I did was to go online and research plastic pollution in the ocean.I was surprised to find out that over the past decade, divers and beach lovers have seen a lot of changes in the oceans.Even very remote locations were suddenly filled with plastic and other chemicals.Plastics were entering our oceans at an alarming rate — up to 12 million tons each year.This huge amount of plastic was wreaking havoc (破坏) not only on the environment, but also on the marine animals that lived in the ocean, such as sea turtles.Some of them were sadly mistaking the pieces of plastic for food.Pollution has brought our oceans to the point of disaster, and unless we make a great change, then our oceans and all of its living things, will be at risk.
Since that unforgettable plastic polluted dive, I have become an ocean supporter and spend my days trying to get the message out there about just how harmful ocean pollution is, not only to marine life, but also to mankind.
Then the idea came to me: I could appeal to my fellow divers to take action.I reached out to the local divers, who immediately started supporting me.The following months saw us collecting pieces of plastic that we saw floating past and putting them in the pocket of our diving suits.If we were walking along the beach, we made sure to collect all the plastic that we saw on the sand.The effects were noticeable almost immediately.I could see the beach returning to its original beauty.However, I knew that these individual actions weren't enough to stop the concerning plastic pollution crisis unless companies stopped producing so much plastic in the first place.
注意：1.续写词数应为80左右；
2．重点描述作者通过网络传播海洋塑料污染的危害，取得了一定的成效，以及作者对自身行动的感悟。要求逻辑通顺、情节合理。
I decided to take it a step further to try and stop those companies producing single use plastic.
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[阅读拓展训练]
I live in London now. Last year, I decided to take a break and do some traveling.During my travel, I saw a lot of plastic waste in the ocean, and started wondering what I could do about it.I reused my bamboo bike, which I'd made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.
On September 18, I started my journey at the source of the Thames in Lechlade.Every day was different and the first was the worst.It was raining hard and when I tried to put the bamboo bike in the water, the weight of it turned the whole thing over.I thought: This is it — the project is over! But after a good hour I managed to get it out.
I had two fishing nets that I filled up every day with plastic, and I couldn't even collect everything because some bits were hidden under a forest of seagrass.I also took pictures and geotagged them, to map which parts of the river were the most polluted.Oxford was particularly bad, with a lot of takeaway boxes, bottles, DVDs and even some chicken breasts still in the plastic bags.
My journey taught me the hard way that cleaning up the river is not going to solve the problem.We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.I'm thinking of running some activities in London and trying to make them spread quickly, like filling up a London bus with plastic bottles to represent how much plastic waste is produced every minute in London.
I want to show people how plastic is affecting us: How some of it even comes back into our bodies via microplastics (塑料微粒) in fish or salt.I know you can't totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I'd like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.Every step helps.
1．Why did the author make use of the bamboo bike again
A．It's comfortable to ride.
B．It can float on the water.
C．It can be used for exercise.
D．It won't pollute the river.
2．How did the author feel when the bamboo bike turned over
A．The project failed.
B．The bike was gone.
C．Everything would turn better.
D．All the work was finished.
3．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “geotagged” in paragraph 3
A．Revised. B．Cleared.
C．Marked. D．Collected.
4．What does the author think is more important to do with plastic pollution
A．Closing plastic factories.
B．Reusing plastic items.
C．Collecting plastic waste.
D．Buying fewer plastic products.
UNIT 8 课时检测(八)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.1.whose topic is “Do you use shared bikes”
2．It is only through our joint efforts that can we
3．It's high time that we (should) take immediate action
Ⅱ.1.①With modern industry developing quickly/the quick development of modern industry
②so that we can have a brighter future
③do our part by living a lowcarbon life
2．①maintain the balance between human and nature
②I strongly believe that a good solution will be found
3．①work through this problem
②live a greener life and insist on it with determination
Ⅲ.应用文写作
参考范文：
Recently our school held an activity called “Green Transport to School”， which calls on students to ride bicycles to school.I have made a survey on our classmates' attitudes towards this activity.
70% of our classmates support it for two reasons.One reason is that riding a bicycle can be energysaving and is good for our health.The other reason is that cars lead to air pollution and traffic jams.However, others think if the school is far away from home, riding to school is not only unsafe but also a waste of time.
In my opinion, riding to school will be a very good choice if you're not in a hurry and if the weather is fine.
Ⅳ.读后续写
参考范文：
I decided to take it a step further to try and stop those companies producing singleuse plastic.One way in particular stood out because it was easy to implement, yet its effects would be far reaching.Whenever I found a piece of branded plastic waste in the ocean, on a river bank or beach, I took a picture of it and posted it on social media, tagged the brand, and used the hashtag “IsThisYours？” Since I started this approach, I have reached out to a dozen companies in this way and got more and more enthusiastic followers.We may be limited in what we can do, but I believe that a single spark can start a prairie fire.
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者休假旅行途中看到海洋上漂浮着很多塑料垃圾，于是开始骑着自己的竹制自行车在泰晤士河上捡塑料垃圾，保护环境的故事。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I reused my bamboo bike, which I'd made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.”可知，竹子做的自行车可以漂浮在水上，所以作者循环利用它。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I thought: This is it — the project is over！”可知，竹制自行车翻车的时候，作者认为这个项目失败了。
3．选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“took pictures”以及下文的“to map which parts of the river were the most polluted”可知，作者拍下照片是为了绘制地图，标识出河流的哪片区域污染最严重。由此可推知，画线词与绘制地图有关，表示对垃圾多的地方进行标记。mark表示“做记号”，意思与之相近。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.”及最后一段中的“I know you can't totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I'd like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.”可知，在作者看来，少购买塑料制品对减少塑料污染很重要。
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