(共64张PPT)
Section 9
Reading Club (自修课)
目 录
(一)Reading Club 1——自主学案
(二)Reading Club 2——自主学案
课时检测
积词汇
一、重点词汇深度学习
1．If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.
如果废物处理不当，就会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。
★lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往
(一)Reading Club 1 ——自主学案
|用|法|感|知|
·Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
现代科学已经给出明确的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。
·(谚语)All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
[归纳点拨]
(1)lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(2)以介词to结尾的动词短语还有：
look forward to 盼望；期待
get down to (doing) sth. 认真做某事
devote ... to 致力于；奉献于
be/get/become used/accustomed to 习惯于
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/句型转换
①Failure often lies in laziness while hard work leads ___ success.
②The new evidence led to him _____________ (arrest) by the police.
③The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.
→The poor harvest _________________ sharply.
being arrested
to
led to prices rising
(2)替换加蓝词汇
④It was her rudeness that resulted in/contributed to her losing her job.______
led to
2．They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
关于如何充分利用糟糕的情况，他们也为其他人树立了好榜样。
★make the best of充分利用
|用|法|感|知|
·(“学校生活”主题佳句)In order to make the best of learning materials, the Students' Union of our school is planning an activity.
为了充分利用学习材料，我们学校的学生会正在策划一项活动。
[归纳点拨]
make use of 利用
make the most of 充分利用
make it 成功
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空) ①The happiest people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best ___ everything that comes along their way.
②We've only got one day in Paris, so we'd better make ___ most of it.
③I could make full use ___ the information they offered to me.
④In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make ___ sooner or later.
of
the
it
of
二、阅读词汇宽度拓展
1．issue n． 问题；期号；发行物
vt. 发行，发布；放出
2．fuel n. 燃料
vt. 给……提供燃料
3．reuse v. 再次使用；重复使用
4．dispose vt. 处理；处置；安排
5．environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的
6．solution n. 解决方案
7．vehicle n. 交通工具
8．atmosphere n. 气氛；大气
9．rise v. (数量)增加；上升
10．melt vi. 熔化；溶解
11．capacity n. 能力；容量
12．reduce vt. 减少；降低
13．turn into 变成；进入
14．warm up 热身；变暖
15．waste management 废物处理
学佳句
一、高级表达句——活学活用
1.
悟 原 句 In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.(when it comes to“当谈到……时”)
在欧洲，谈到回收，瑞典在这方面树立了很好的榜样。
写 佳 句 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达)____________________, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
说到海洋，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
When it comes to ocean
2.
悟 原 句 Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.(although引导让步状语从句)
虽然这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区都在想办法处理自己的垃圾。
写 佳 句 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)____________________________________
________________, she is still passionate about teaching.
虽然她已经教了二十年英语，但她仍然热爱教学。
Although she has been teaching English
for twenty years
二、阅读障碍句——化繁为简
请将上句中的定语从句改写成简单句：
Footwear is sold around the world.
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．What is a major global problem according to the passage
A．Energy store. B．Traffic jam.
C．Waste management. D．Garbage classification.
2．Which country sets a good example in recycling according to the passage
A．China. B．Japan.
C．Sweden. D．South Africa.
√
√
3．What are made by recycled plastic and old car tyres
A．Various arts and crafts.
B．Materials to build roads.
C．Bricks to build houses.
D．Schoolbags and footwear.
√
二、阅读表达
1．What does the writer mean by saying “Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities.”？
The waste is a problem, but some clever people have managed to come up with solutions that create good results.
2．What should we do on waste management in your opinion
In my opinion, people should manage waste from its inception (开端) to its final disposal.Waste management includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.Waste management is also related to some guidance on recycling.
(二)Reading Club 2 ——自主学案
积词汇
一、重点词汇深度学习
1．Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution. 其他人类活动，例如建筑施工和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
★contribute to有助于，促成，造成
|用|法|感|知|
·(“环境保护”主题佳句)Each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
每个物种都对地球上各种各样的生命形式做出了贡献，并在维持生命方面起着重要的作用。
·The library was built in memory of the scientist who had made significant contributions to society.
这座图书馆是为了纪念那位对社会做出重大贡献的科学家而建造的。
归纳 点拨 (1)contribute v． 有助于；投稿；捐助
contribute sth.to/towards sth. 向……出(钱、力、主意等)；向……捐助/投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；投稿；捐助
make a contribution to 为……做出贡献
名师 点津 contribute to中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The researchers found that stress at work over time contributes ___ physical and mental burnout.
②I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to ________ (build) a warm and harmonious society.
to
building
③Wilson received several international awards for his several great ___________ (contribute)．
④Aware of the significance of work, I am determined to study hard, and to __________________________________ of people's lives.
意识到工作的意义，我决心努力学习，为改善人民生活做出贡献。
contributions
make contributions to the improvement
2．Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems.
全球变暖已经造成了一系列的问题。
★a wide range of一系列的；各种各样的
|用|法|感|知|
·The team will hold a range of activities, including some training and matches.
球队将举行各种各样的活动，包含一些训练和比赛。
·(“活动介绍”佳句)The Winter Camp covers a variety of activities, ranging from learning daily Chinese to Chinese history and traditional culture.
冬令营涵盖各种活动，从学习日常汉语到中国历史和传统文化。
归纳 点拨 (1)a range of services 一系列服务
in/within range of 在……的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
(2)range from A to B
在A到B之间变化；包括从A到B之间的各种事物
range between A and B 在A到B之间变化
名师 点津 a range of中range前可用wide/broad修饰，表示范围大。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create ___ wide range of career possibilities.
②The two leaders talked about lots of topics, _______ (range) from peace to education.
a
ranging
③It is very easy to find a table _________ our price range in this shop.
④The football team contained ten players whose ages _____________
_____________________________.
足球队有10名年龄在10岁到15岁之间的球员。
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑤Thanks to the Internet, we can do all kinds of/a variety of things online.____________________
in/within
ranged between
10 and 15/ranged from 10 to 15
a wide/broad range of
二、阅读词汇宽度拓展
1．local adj. 当地的
2．currently adv. 目前，现在
3．advocate v. 主张，拥护
4．effective adj. 有效的
5．be related to 与……相关
6．global warming 全球变暖
7．due to 因为，由于
8．extreme weather conditions 极端天气状况
9．result in 导致
10．overflowing landfills 过度填埋
11．waste disposal/management 废物处理
12．take responsibility for 承担……的责任
13．apart from 除……之外
学佳句
一、高级表达句——活学活用
悟 原 句 However, due to the amount of waste our lifestyles produce, these landfills are now reaching full capacity.(省略关系代词that/which的定语从句)
然而，由于我们的生活方式产生了大量的废物，这些垃圾填埋场现在已经满负荷了。
写 佳 句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)After we paid for the oranges _______
______, we prepared to go back to school.
在付了我们采摘的橙子的钱之后，我们准备返回学校。
1.
we had
picked
2.
悟原句 When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.(when引导时间状语从句；现在分词作定语)
当这种情况发生时，废水中的危险化学物质进入供水系统的概率就会增加。
写佳句 _____________________, I knew the Lake Poets were a small group of poets _________________________________ in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries.
当我读到这篇文章时，我知道湖畔诗人是18世纪末19世纪初，生活在英格兰湖区的一小群人。
When I read this article
living in the Lake District of England
3.
悟 原 句 In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade.(it is/was＋过去分词＋that ...)
在香港，预计现有的三个垃圾填埋场会在未来十年内填满。
写 佳 句 _________________ there was a heavy rain in some places in the south.
据报道，南方一些地方下了大雨。
It is reported that
二、阅读障碍句——化繁为简
1.
请将上句中的状语部分改写成简单句：
You can use a car to make journeys at the absolutely necessary time.
2.
请将上句中的定语从句改写成简单句：
They produce the waste themselves.
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．How many serious environmental problems are mentioned in the text
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
2．What ways are mentioned in reducing air pollution
①Walking. ②Riding a bike. ③Driving a car when necessary. ④Using public transport.
A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④
√
√
3．What does the fourth R — Responsibility mean
A．People should learn to reduce pollution.
B．Government should take action to stop pollution.
C．People should take responsibility for reducing the waste.
D．Everyone has duty to keep the balance between life and nature.
√
二、阅读表达
What do you think of the fourth R — Responsibility Do you think it's more important than the other three Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
I think Responsibility is more important than the others.Although the other three Rs are effective，the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Four Must-Read Environmental Books
Our recommended list of environmental books covers a broad range of topics.The four must-read environmental books are sure to attract the greenest bookworms.
Braiding Sweetgrass
Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmer looks at the relationship between humans and the land.Kimmer ties lessons she learned to Western society's view of plants and aims to tell the importance of plants and animals.The book also explores the lessons we may learn from plants and animals and how they relate to certain stories.Braiding Sweetgrass won the 2014 Sigurd F．Olson Nature Writing Award.
The End of Nature
The End of Nature was published in 1989.Its author, Bill Mckibben, describes the relationship between nature and humans.It expresses the thought that nature was previously independent of humans but now has been affected by them in every way.The book tells the ideas of nature and the value it has lost.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring has been described as a landmark work of environmental writing and is praised for bringing the environmental movement into the public's focus.The book stresses the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment.The book eventually led to a change in the pesticide law of the US.
The Sixth Extinction
The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert describes previous mass extinction events and connects them to many extinctions presently taking place.Kolbert studies the relationships humans have with the environment and finds that we are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction caused by humans.The Sixth Extinction won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本必读的环保书籍。
1．Whose book focuses on nature's lost value due to human activities
A．Robin Wall Kimmer's. B．Rachel Carson's.
C．Bill Mckibben's. D．Elizabeth Kolbert's.
解析：细节理解题。根据The End of Nature部分的“The book tells the ideas of nature and the value it has lost.”可知，Bill Mckubben的书重点讲因人类活动导致大自然固有价值的丢失。
√
2．Why is Silent Spring so important
A．It has reduced the use of land.
B．It has affected a law in the US.
C．It has changed people's view of plants.
D．It has prevented nature from being independent.
解析：细节理解题。根据Silent Spring部分的“The book eventually led to a change in the pesticide law of the US.”可知，Silent Spring影响了美国一项法律的修订。
√
3．What do Braiding Sweetgrass and The Sixth Extinction have in common
A．They won a prize.
B．They focus on the lessons we learn.
C．They are about mass extinction events.
D．They view nature to be independent of humans.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据Braiding Sweetgrass部分的“Braiding Sweetgrass won the 2014 Sigurd F．Olson Nature Writing Award.”和The Sixth Extinction部分的“The Sixth Extinction won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction.”可知，这两部作品的共同之处在于它们都获了奖。
B
Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean.Actually, a large amount of plastic waste is floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with.Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste.And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin.No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean.In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine (海洋的) animals every year.Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it.Some are stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics.We are closely related to oceans so the consequences of throwing plastic away may return to affect us some day.
“This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist, “We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it.We know how to recycle.” It's a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今塑料垃圾已经严重污染了我们的环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应该采取措施改变这一现状。
4．What's the function of the first paragraph
A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B．To tell us what marine animals like eating.
C．To call on us to protect marine animals.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean.”及后文可推知，第一段的主要作用是引出海洋塑料垃圾污染严重这一主题。
√
5．How is the second paragraph mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing reasons.
D．By making comparisons.
解析：写作手法题。根据第二段中大量的数据可推知，本段主要是通过列数字的方式进行展开的。
√
6．What does the underlined word “consequences” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Results. B．Functions.
C．Causes. D．Aims.
解析：词义猜测题。根据上文“Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics.”以及画线词所在句可知，我们与海洋密切相关，所以扔掉塑料的后果可能会在某一天回来影响我们。由此可推知，consequence意为“后果”，与results意思相近。
√
7．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us
A．Some people don't know the solution of plastic waste.
B．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
C．Plastic waste will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
D．People should avoid using plastic to protect the ocean.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ It's a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”可知，Ted Siegler想要告诉我们是时候采取措施处理塑料垃圾了。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some paper plates can be recycled. 8 Rather than throw them away after one use, consider more eco-friendly choices.
9 First, they're coated in plastic.This coating offers a smooth surface and prevents the paper plate from taking in liquids.Usually, the coating can't be separated from the paper in a recycling facility, so these paper plates can't be recycled like regular
paper.Second, they're polluted with food waste.Once they've been used, paper plates become covered in food waste.This adds pollutants to the recycling process. 10
If you're trying to reduce your impact on the environment, then looking at ways to reuse any paper plates you do have is a good option.If you bought heavy-duty paper plates and they're only a little dirty after use — if you served dry food on them, for example — you can clean them and use them again. 11
The most obvious alternative to paper plates is reusable plates.Even though you have to wash them with water, the environmental impact of a reusable plate will still be lower.If you're looking for a semi-disposable (能使用数次的) plate, then you can find plates made from natural materials like bamboo.These plates can be used and washed or cleaned a few times. 12
A．The short answer is yes and no.
B．However, the vast majority usually can't.
C．At the end of their life, they will break down naturally.
D．PLA is a bioplastic that's used to coat some paper plates.
E．So most cities won't accept used paper plates for recycling.
F．There are two main reasons why the majority of paper plates can't be recycled.
G．If you have clean paper plates, they can be used for a wide range of other projects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸盘很难被回收，建议选择可重复使用的盘子。
8．解析：选B 根据上文“Some paper plates can be recycled.”以及下文“Rather than throw them away after one use, consider more eco-friendly choices.”可知，B项“然而，绝大多数通常不能回收利用”承上启下，符合语境。
9．解析：选F 根据下文“First, they're coated in plastic.”“Second, they're polluted with food waste.”可知，本段主要介绍了纸盘不能回收的原因。故F项“大多数纸盘不能回收有两个主要原因”符合语境。
10．解析：选E 根据上文“Once they've been used, paper plates become covered in food waste.This adds pollutants to the recycling process.”可知，E项“所以大多数城市不接受用过的纸盘回收”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。
11．解析：选G 根据上文“If you bought heavy-duty paper plates and they're only a little dirty after use — if you served dry food on them, for example — you can clean them and use them again.”可知，此处介绍了我们使用坚固耐用的纸盘子，弄脏之后清洗掉可以再次使用。故G项“如果你有干净的纸盘，它们可以广泛用于其他项目”承接上文，符合语境。
12．解析：选C 根据上文“These plates can be used and washed or cleaned a few times.”可知，C项“它们用完后会自然分解”承接上文，符合语境，其中“they”指代的就是前文“These plates”。Section 9 Reading Club (自修课)
(一)Reading Club 1 ——自主学案
积词汇
一、重点词汇深度学习
1．If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.
如果废物处理不当，就会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。
★lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往
|用|法|感|知|
·Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
现代科学已经给出明确的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。
·(谚语)All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
[归纳点拨]
(1)lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(2)以介词to结尾的动词短语还有：
look forward to 盼望；期待
get down to (doing) sth. 认真做某事
devote ... to 致力于；奉献于
be/get/become used/accustomed to 习惯于
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/句型转换
①Failure often lies in laziness while hard work leads ____________ success.
②The new evidence led to him ______________ (arrest) by the police.
③The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.
→The poor harvest _________________________________________________ sharply.
(2)替换加黑词汇
④It was her rudeness that resulted in/contributed to her losing her job.____________
2．They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
关于如何充分利用糟糕的情况，他们也为其他人树立了好榜样。
★make the best of充分利用
|用|法|感|知|
·(“学校生活”主题佳句)In order to make the best of learning materials, the Students' Union of our school is planning an activity.
为了充分利用学习材料，我们学校的学生会正在策划一项活动。
[归纳点拨]
make use of 利用
make the most of 充分利用
make it 成功
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空) ①The happiest people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best ____________ everything that comes along their way.
②We've only got one day in Paris, so we'd better make ____________ most of it.
③I could make full use ____________ the information they offered to me.
④In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make ____________ sooner or later.
二、阅读词汇宽度拓展
1．issue n． 问题；期号；发行物
vt. 发行，发布；放出
2．fuel n. 燃料
vt. 给……提供燃料
3．reuse v. 再次使用；重复使用
4．dispose vt. 处理；处置；安排
5．environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；
有关环境的
6．solution n. 解决方案
7．vehicle n. 交通工具
8．atmosphere n. 气氛；大气
9．rise v. (数量)增加；上升
10．melt vi. 熔化；溶解
11．capacity n. 能力；容量
12．reduce vt. 减少；降低
13．turn into 变成；进入
14．warm up 热身；变暖
15．waste management 废物处理
学佳句
一、高级表达句——活学活用
1.
悟原句 In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.(when it comes to“当谈到……时”) 在欧洲，谈到回收，瑞典在这方面树立了很好的榜样。
写佳句 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ， its pollution is becoming more and more serious. 说到海洋，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
2.
悟原句 Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.(although引导让步状语从句) 虽然这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区都在想办法处理自己的垃圾。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) ， she is still passionate about teaching. 虽然她已经教了二十年英语，但她仍然热爱教学。
二、阅读障碍句——化繁为简
请将上句中的定语从句改写成简单句：
________________________________________________________________
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．What is a major global problem according to the passage？( )
A．Energy store. B．Traffic jam.
C．Waste management. D．Garbage classification.
2．Which country sets a good example in recycling according to the passage？( )
A．China. B．Japan.
C．Sweden. D．South Africa.
3．What are made by recycled plastic and old car tyres？( )
A．Various arts and crafts.
B．Materials to build roads.
C．Bricks to build houses.
D．Schoolbags and footwear.
二、阅读表达
1．What does the writer mean by saying “Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities.”？
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．What should we do on waste management in your opinion
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(二)Reading Club 2 ——自主学案
积词汇
一、重点词汇深度学习
1．Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution.
其他人类活动，例如建筑施工和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
★contribute to有助于，促成，造成
|用|法|感|知|
·(“环境保护”主题佳句)Each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
每个物种都对地球上各种各样的生命形式做出了贡献，并在维持生命方面起着重要的作用。
·The library was built in memory of the scientist who had made significant contributions to society.
这座图书馆是为了纪念那位对社会做出重大贡献的科学家而建造的。
归纳点拨 (1)contribute v． 有助于；投稿；捐助 contribute sth.to/towards sth. 向……出(钱、力、主意等)；向……捐助/投稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献；投稿；捐助 make a contribution to 为……做出贡献
名师点津 contribute to中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The researchers found that stress at work over time contributes ____________ physical and mental burnout.
②I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to ____________ (build) a warm and harmonious society.
③Wilson received several international awards for his several great ____________ (contribute)．
④Aware of the significance of work, I am determined to study hard, and to _____________
________________________________________________________________________ of people's lives.
意识到工作的意义，我决心努力学习，为改善人民生活做出贡献。
2．Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems.
全球变暖已经造成了一系列的问题。
★a wide range of一系列的；各种各样的
|用|法|感|知|
·The team will hold a range of activities, including some training and matches.
球队将举行各种各样的活动，包含一些训练和比赛。
·(“活动介绍”佳句)The Winter Camp covers a variety of activities, ranging from learning daily Chinese to Chinese history and traditional culture.
冬令营涵盖各种活动，从学习日常汉语到中国历史和传统文化。
归纳点拨 (1)a range of services 一系列服务 in/within range of 在……的范围内 out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围 (2)range from A to B 在A到B之间变化； 包括从A到B之间的各种事物 range between A and B 在A到B之间变化
名师点津 a range of中range前可用wide/broad修饰，表示范围大。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create ____________ wide range of career possibilities.
②The two leaders talked about lots of topics, ____________ (range) from peace to education.
③It is very easy to find a table ____________ our price range in this shop.
④The football team contained ten players whose ages ________________________.
足球队有10名年龄在10岁到15岁之间的球员。
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑤Thanks to the Internet, we can do all kinds of/a variety of things online.____________
二、阅读词汇宽度拓展
1．local adj. 当地的
2．currently adv. 目前，现在
3．advocate v. 主张，拥护
4．effective adj. 有效的
5．be related to 与……相关
6．global warming 全球变暖
7．due to 因为，由于
8．extreme weather conditions 极端天气状况
9．result in 导致
10．overflowing landfills 过度填埋
11．waste disposal/management 废物处理
12．take responsibility for 承担……的责任
13．apart from 除……之外
学佳句
一、高级表达句——活学活用
1.
悟原句 However, due to the amount of waste our lifestyles produce, these landfills are now reaching full capacity.(省略关系代词that/which的定语从句) 然而，由于我们的生活方式产生了大量的废物，这些垃圾填埋场现在已经满负荷了。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)After we paid for the oranges ， we prepared to go back to school. 在付了我们采摘的橙子的钱之后，我们准备返回学校。
2.
悟原句 When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.(when引导时间状语从句；现在分词作定语) 当这种情况发生时，废水中的危险化学物质进入供水系统的概率就会增加。
写佳句 ， I knew the Lake Poets were a small group of poets in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. 当我读到这篇文章时，我知道湖畔诗人是18世纪末19世纪初，生活在英格兰湖区的一小群人。
3.
悟原句 In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade.(it is/was＋过去分词＋that ...) 在香港，预计现有的三个垃圾填埋场会在未来十年内填满。
写佳句 there was a heavy rain in some places in the south. 据报道，南方一些地方下了大雨。
二、阅读障碍句——化繁为简
1.
请将上句中的状语部分改写成简单句：
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2.
请将上句中的定语从句改写成简单句：
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．How many serious environmental problems are mentioned in the text？( )
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
2．What ways are mentioned in reducing air pollution？( )
①Walking.
②Riding a bike.
③Driving a car when necessary.
④Using public transport.
A．①② B．③④
C．①③ D．②④
3．What does the fourth R — Responsibility mean？( )
A．People should learn to reduce pollution.
B．Government should take action to stop pollution.
C．People should take responsibility for reducing the waste.
D．Everyone has duty to keep the balance between life and nature.
二、阅读表达
What do you think of the fourth R — Responsibility Do you think it's more important than the other three Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Section 9 Reading Club (自修课)
(一)Reading Club 1
积词汇
1．①to ②being arrested ③led to prices rising ④led to
2．①of ②the ③of ④it
学佳句
一、1.When it comes to ocean
2．Although she has been teaching English for twenty years
二、Footwear is sold around the world.
析语篇
一、1～3 CCD
二、1.The waste is a problem, but some clever people have managed to come up with solutions that create good results.
2．In my opinion, people should manage waste from its inception (开端) to its final disposal.Waste management includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.Waste management is also related to some guidance on recycling.
(二)Reading Club 2
积词汇
1．①to ②building ③contributions
④make contributions to the improvement
2．①a ②ranging ③in/within ④ranged between 10 and 15/ranged from 10 to 15 ⑤a wide/broad range of
学佳句
一、1.we had picked
2．When I read this article; living in the Lake District of England
3．It is reported that
二、1.You can use a car to make journeys at the absolutely necessary time.
2．They produce the waste themselves.
析语篇
一、1～3 BBC
二、I think Responsibility is more important than the others.Although the other three Rs are effective，the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.
8 / 8UNIT 8 课时检测(九) Reading Club(自修课)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Four Must Read Environmental Books
Our recommended list of environmental books covers a broad range of topics.The four must read environmental books are sure to attract the greenest bookworms.
Braiding Sweetgrass
Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmer looks at the relationship between humans and the land.Kimmer ties lessons she learned to Western society's view of plants and aims to tell the importance of plants and animals.The book also explores the lessons we may learn from plants and animals and how they relate to certain stories.Braiding Sweetgrass won the 2014 Sigurd F．Olson Nature Writing Award.
The End of Nature
The End of Nature was published in 1989.Its author, Bill Mckibben, describes the relationship between nature and humans.It expresses the thought that nature was previously independent of humans but now has been affected by them in every way.The book tells the ideas of nature and the value it has lost.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring has been described as a landmark work of environmental writing and is praised for bringing the environmental movement into the public's focus.The book stresses the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment.The book eventually led to a change in the pesticide law of the US.
The Sixth Extinction
The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert describes previous mass extinction events and connects them to many extinctions presently taking place.Kolbert studies the relationships humans have with the environment and finds that we are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction caused by humans.The Sixth Extinction won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Non Fiction.
1．Whose book focuses on nature's lost value due to human activities
A．Robin Wall Kimmer's.
B．Rachel Carson's.
C．Bill Mckibben's.
D．Elizabeth Kolbert's.
2．Why is Silent Spring so important
A．It has reduced the use of land.
B．It has affected a law in the US.
C．It has changed people's view of plants.
D．It has prevented nature from being independent.
3．What do Braiding Sweetgrass and The Sixth Extinction have in common
A．They won a prize.
B．They focus on the lessons we learn.
C．They are about mass extinction events.
D．They view nature to be independent of humans.
B
Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean.Actually, a large amount of plastic waste is floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with.Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste.And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin.No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean.In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine (海洋的) animals every year.Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it.Some are stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics.We are closely related to oceans so the consequences of throwing plastic away may return to affect us some day.
“This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist, “We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it.We know how to recycle.” It's a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
4．What's the function of the first paragraph
A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B．To tell us what marine animals like eating.
C．To call on us to protect marine animals.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
5．How is the second paragraph mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing reasons.
D．By making comparisons.
6．What does the underlined word “consequences” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Results. B．Functions.
C．Causes. D．Aims.
7．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us
A．Some people don't know the solution of plastic waste.
B．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
C．Plastic waste will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
D．People should avoid using plastic to protect the ocean.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some paper plates can be recycled.__8__ Rather than throw them away after one use, consider more eco friendly choices.
__9__ First, they're coated in plastic.This coating offers a smooth surface and prevents the paper plate from taking in liquids.Usually, the coating can't be separated from the paper in a recycling facility, so these paper plates can't be recycled like regular paper.Second, they're polluted with food waste.Once they've been used, paper plates become covered in food waste.This adds pollutants to the recycling process.__10__
If you're trying to reduce your impact on the environment, then looking at ways to reuse any paper plates you do have is a good option.If you bought heavy duty paper plates and they're only a little dirty after use — if you served dry food on them, for example — you can clean them and use them again.__11__
The most obvious alternative to paper plates is reusable plates.Even though you have to wash them with water, the environmental impact of a reusable plate will still be lower.If you're looking for a semi disposable (能使用数次的) plate, then you can find plates made from natural materials like bamboo.These plates can be used and washed or cleaned a few times.__12__
A．The short answer is yes and no.
B．However, the vast majority usually can't.
C．At the end of their life, they will break down naturally.
D．PLA is a bioplastic that's used to coat some paper plates.
E．So most cities won't accept used paper plates for recycling.
F．There are two main reasons why the majority of paper plates can't be recycled.
G．If you have clean paper plates, they can be used for a wide range of other projects.
UNIT 8 课时检测(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本必读的环保书籍。
1．选C 细节理解题。根据The End of Nature部分的“The book tells the ideas of nature and the value it has lost.”可知，Bill Mckubben的书重点讲因人类活动导致大自然固有价值的丢失。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据Silent Spring部分的“The book eventually led to a change in the pesticide law of the US.”可知，Silent Spring影响了美国一项法律的修订。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据Braiding Sweetgrass部分的“Braiding Sweetgrass won the 2014 Sigurd F．Olson Nature Writing Award.”和The Sixth Extinction部分的“The Sixth Extinction won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for General Non Fiction.”可知，这两部作品的共同之处在于它们都获了奖。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今塑料垃圾已经严重污染了我们的环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应该采取措施改变这一现状。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean.”及后文可推知，第一段的主要作用是引出海洋塑料垃圾污染严重这一主题。
5．选A 写作手法题。根据第二段中大量的数据可推知，本段主要是通过列数字的方式进行展开的。
6．选A 词义猜测题。根据上文“Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics.”以及画线词所在句可知，我们与海洋密切相关，所以扔掉塑料的后果可能会在某一天回来影响我们。由此可推知，consequence意为“后果”，与results意思相近。
7．选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ It's a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”可知，Ted Siegler想要告诉我们是时候采取措施处理塑料垃圾了。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸盘很难被回收，建议选择可重复使用的盘子。
8．选B 根据上文“Some paper plates can be recycled.”以及下文“Rather than throw them away after one use, consider more eco friendly choices.”可知，B项“然而，绝大多数通常不能回收利用”承上启下，符合语境。
9．选F 根据下文“First, they're coated in plastic.”“Second, they're polluted with food waste.”可知，本段主要介绍了纸盘不能回收的原因。故F项“大多数纸盘不能回收有两个主要原因”符合语境。
10．选E 根据上文“Once they've been used, paper plates become covered in food waste.This adds pollutants to the recycling process.”可知，E项“所以大多数城市不接受用过的纸盘回收”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。
11．选G 根据上文“If you bought heavy duty paper plates and they're only a little dirty after use — if you served dry food on them, for example — you can clean them and use them again.”可知，此处介绍了我们使用坚固耐用的纸盘子，弄脏之后清洗掉可以再次使用。故G项“如果你有干净的纸盘，它们可以广泛用于其他项目”承接上文，符合语境。
12．选C 根据上文“These plates can be used and washed or cleaned a few times.”可知，C项“它们用完后会自然分解”承接上文，符合语境，其中“they”指代的就是前文“These plates”。
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