高中英语 译林版（2019）必修 第一册 导学案（含解析）

Embracing Opportunities and Challenges in the Transition to Senior Year 迎接迈入高中年级的机遇与挑战
　　Facing the transition from junior to 1. senior year, students encounter a myriad of 2. challenges and 3. opportunities. It is during this pivotal time that their 4. potential lies, waiting to be realized. The key is to 5. rise_to the occasion, 6. make_the_most_of resources available, and cultivate a 7. positive_attitude to advance confidently and responsibly. As students prepare to advance to their senior year, they are presented with an 8. amazing opportunity to 9. improve and grow both academically and personally. With 10. confidence and a 11. well rounded attitude, they can make the most of the 12. resources and 13. facilities at their disposal. This positive approach to their education enables them to tackle challenges with determination and focus, allowing them to achieve their 14. goals while maintaining a 15. balanced outlook on their responsibilities. One of the goals during the senior year is to become a well rounded 16. individual,_both academically and in 17. character. This requires students to be 18. responsible and 19. independent,_20. reminding themselves to 21. stick_to their commitments and not lose focus on the details that will contribute to their success. 22. As_a_result_of their 23. efforts,_they will not only improve academically but also grow as individuals, gaining valuable skills that will 24. attract future opportunities. In the academic realm, students can 25. look_forward_ to delving into subjects in more detail, utilizing 26. advanced 27. techniques and 28. professional_ materials. They may have the 29. option to participate in an 30. exchange program or take on a challenging course, further enhancing their knowledge and making a meaningful 31. contribution to their educational experience. 32. Fortunately,_33. over_time,_students will develop the confidence to propose and tackle new initiatives, whether it is organizing a school event or participating in a research project. Embracing these opportunities allows them to advance and broaden their horizons, setting them ahead of their peers as they move forward from their senior year. 　　34. Last_but_not_least,_the transition to senior year presents a wealth of opportunities for growth and development. By maintaining a positive and focused attitude, students can make the most of the resources available to them, both academically and personally. As they look forward to the year ahead, they will have the chance to become well rounded individuals, ready to take on the challenges and opportunities that lie 35. ahead． 　　面对从初中到高中的过渡，学生们遇到了许多挑战和机遇。正是在这个关键时期，他们的潜力等待被发掘。关键是要迎接挑战，充分利用现有资源，并培养积极的态度，自信而负责地前进。 当学生们准备进入高中阶段时，他们将获得一个绝佳的机会，可以在学业和个人方面得到提高和成长。怀着自信和全面的态度，他们可以充分利用可支配的资源和设施。这种积极的教育方式使他们能够坚定并专注地应对挑战，从而实现自己的目标，同时保持平衡的责任观。 高中阶段的一个目标是培养学生成为学业和性格方面都全面发展的个体。这要求学生要负责任、独立，要提醒自己坚持承诺，不要忽视有助于成功的细节。由于他们的努力，他们不仅会在学业上得到提高，还会在个人方面得到成长，获得宝贵的技能，从而吸引未来的机遇。 在学术领域，学生可以期待更详细地研究学科，运用先进的技术和专业的材料。他们可以选择参加交换项目或接受富有挑战性的课程，进一步提高他们的知识，并为他们的教育经历做出有意义的贡献。 幸运的是，随着时间的推移，学生们将建立起自信，提出并处理新的倡议，无论是组织学校活动还是参加研究项目。迎接这些机会能够使他们前进，拓宽眼界，使他们在高中毕业后超越同龄人。 　　最后但同样重要的是，向高中阶段的过渡为成长和发展提供了丰富的机会。通过保持积极和专注的态度，学生们可以充分利用现有的资源，无论是在学业还是个人方面。当他们展望未来的一年时，他们将有机会成为全面发展的个人，准备好迎接前方的挑战和机遇。
Passage 1(2023南通通州期末)
How good are you at maths Some people love the challenge of algebra(代数) or enjoy working out number puzzles. Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal, to calculating your family bills. But many are afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem frightening, but this maths anxiety is perfectly normal, and you're definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don't necessarily reflect our ability.
The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and that girls may be more likely to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16 year olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried that maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, a professor from Boston University, believes that giving students, particularly girls, good role models is critical, especially at a young age. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love maths, to teach younger children.
Writing for the BBC, David Robson says, “It's not clear why maths causes so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there's no room for playing tricks might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume that we're not a maths person, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.
Psychologists have been trying to work out why mental arithmetic(心算) can bring us out in a sweat. That seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that voicing your fears can loosen their control over you. They also suggest encouraging children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Most importantly, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance.
(　　) 1. What is the author's understanding of maths anxiety in Paragraph 1
A. It happens when you have to pay bills after a meal.
B. It actually reflects one's poor performance in maths.
C. Only students often suffer from this sense of worry.
D. People normally have it when dealing with numbers.
(　　) 2. What may cause students' maths anxiety according to the research
A. The particular feature of maths. B. The fear of failure in maths tests.
C. Students' dislike of learning maths. D. Maths teachers' lack of confidence.
(　　) 3. What can we infer from David Robson's words
A. Geography seldom causes worry. B. Slow students have maths anxiety.
C. Dishonesty is difficult in maths tests. D. Maths students like number puzzles.
(　　) 4. What is the best way to get over maths anxiety
A. Speaking out your fears in public. B. Employing female maths teachers.
C. Having a positive attitude to maths. D. Viewing maths tests as a challenge.
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 解决难题 5. 耍花招
2. 计算家庭账单 6. 拿出，带出
3. 反映某人的能力 7. 将恐惧说出来
4. 把……传给…… 8. 将……视为……
1. But many are afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：Many A the moment when they B and C.
句式仿写：很多人仍然记得他们听到肯尼迪总统遇刺的那一刻，并感到难以置信。
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2. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and that girls may be more likely to be affected.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A has found that(引导宾语从句) B who(引导定语从句) be C can D and that(引导宾语从句) E．
句式仿写：研究发现，精力更充沛的人能及时完成这项活动，且运动员的优势最大。
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3. But the fact that there's no room for playing tricks might make you more worried about underperforming.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：The fact that(引导同位语从句) A makes B.
句式仿写：他没有好朋友的事实使他的父母非常担心。
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Passage 2(2023南京金陵中学期中)
There are many online and in person courses promising to teach a “native accent”. But is it really necessary to sound exactly like a native speaker Some experts say it is not. Eusebia V. Mont leads the Accent Modification(修正) Program at the University of Maryland's Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences. Mont talked about it to reporters.
Students come to the program for one or two school terms. They meet in a group for 90 minutes a week. Each student meets with one other student and a “doctor” for more individual work. Altogether the program amounts to about 60 hours of learning in class. Mont says the rate of progress absolutely depends on the type of accent it is, how long they've been speaking English and how often they speak English.
Mont says, “I view accent as the spread of culture and the spread of a person's individual identity—and I don't work to remove any part of culture from an individual.”
Students will most probably work in English speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this. For example, they learn how to give an “elevator_pitch”—a short description of an idea—and how to discuss their research. They also practice interviewing and giving presentations at work.
Mont says that there are a few methods for modifying accent, but most have the same basis. One method is called the Compton Method. Arthur J. Compton developed the method for English learners who know English vocabulary and grammar fairly well. It begins with a test to find out how the student's native language affects different areas of pronunciation. Then learners use practice materials to record their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings of a native speaker.
Another method is the Tomatis Method, which uses special headphones and includes listening to electronically modified voices and asks students to find the difference between their pronunciation and the voices they hear. This method is also used to cure children who have mental conditions that can cause difficulty in language learning.
Mont's final advice to English learners is not to expect to sound exactly like a native speaker. And remember: even native English speakers do not all speak alike!
(　　) 5. According to the passage, the Accent Modification Program________．
A. is meant to help students get rid of their accent
B. divides students into different classes based on their abilities
C. offers students a total of 90 minutes' study over one or two school terms
D. instructs students how to communicate in English speaking environments
(　　) 6. What does the underlined part “elevator pitch” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Discussing one's research in brief.
B. Giving presentations in a small space.
C. Getting an idea across to others efficiently.
D. Practicing interviewing skills in an elevator.
(　　) 7. Both of the Compton Method and the Tomatis Method ________．
A. require students to take a test first
B. employ the method of comparison
C. serve students who have mastered English well
D. require students to record their voices with equipment
(　　) 8. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Ways to Sound Like a Native Speaker
B. The Situation of the Accent Modification Program
C. Keep Your Identity While Changing Your Accent
D. The Development of the Accent Modification Industry
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 在线和面对面课程 5. 依靠
2. 听起来像母语人士 6. 把……视作……
3. 分组会面 7. 说英语的环境
4. 总计 8. 把……和……作比较
1. There are many online and in person courses promising to teach a “native accent”.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：There are many A promising to B.
句式仿写：现在有很多外国政府承诺让学生去中国学习汉语。
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2. But is it really necessary to sound exactly like a native speaker
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：Is it really necessary to A
句式仿写：游泳前有必要做伸展和热身运动吗？
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3. This method is also used to cure children who have mental conditions that can cause difficulty in language learning.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A is used to B who(引导定语从句) have C that(引导定语从句) can D.
句式仿写：这种音乐被用来吸引那些有相似记忆的人，让他们想起自己死去的亲人。
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Navigating Teenage Stress and Emotions 应对青少年的压力和情绪
　　Being a teenager can be a turbulent and challenging time, filled with 1. battles and 2. tensions that can leave one feeling 3. anxious and overwhelmed. Adolescents often find themselves at odds with 4. adults,_struggling to 5. see_eye_to_eye and feeling pressured to perform to a certain standard. As they experience this 6. rough environment, it's not uncommon for them to experience emotional 7. breakdowns and 8. mental strain. The pressure to perform well and meet expectations can 9. shoot_up during the teenage years, creating a constant sense of unease and tension. Adolescents may find themselves in a 10. spot where they feel like a 11. target,_facing 12. anger and 13. arguments from adults who may not fully understand the mental and emotional 14. struggles they are going through. It's important for adults to view the world 15. from_the_point_of_view_of 16. teenagers and think through their 17. concerns,_rather than simply arguing or dismissing their feelings. Teenagers need a safe space to express their emotions and 18. desires without feeling the need to 19. back_down or be 20. passive in the face of overwhelming 21. stress． In such a state, it's essential for adults to provide a 22. regular and 23. calm environment that allows teenagers to feel 24. secure and understood. When teenagers feel like they're constantly under pressure, it can lead to a breakdown in their mental well being. It's important for adults to acknowledge the stress that teenagers are under and support them in finding healthy ways to manage it. One effective approach is to encourage teenagers to engage in activities that they enjoy, such as 25. volunteering or seeking out 26. adventures that can cheer them up and provide an outlet for their pent up emotions. By doing so, adults can help teenagers flexibly manage their stress and emotions while providing a supportive and understanding environment. 　　It's important to recognize that teenagers are likely to experience 27. unique challenges and pressure, and adults need to respond to these challenges with empathy and understanding. By providing a supportive environment and being 28. flexible in their approach, adults can help teenagers navigate the complexities of their emotions and experiences during these formative years. In conclusion, it's crucial for adults to recognize the 29. performance pressure and mental struggles that teenagers face as they aim to secure a stable and positive environment for their growth and development. By 30. taking_into__account the unique challenges that teenagers encounter and providing the necessary support, adults can help teenagers 31. graduate_into well rounded and strong 32. individuals,_ready to face the world with confidence and resilience. 　　青少年时期可能是一段动荡和具有挑战性的时期，充满了斗争和紧张，让人感到焦虑和不堪重负。青少年常常发现自己与成年人意见相左，难以达成一致，感到在被迫达到某种特定标准。在他们经历这种艰难的环境时，情绪崩溃和心理压力是他们的家常便饭。 在青少年时期，表现出色和满足期望的压力可能会急剧增加，导致持续的不安和紧张感。青少年可能会发现自己处于一种处境，感觉自己像是被攻击的目标，面临着成年人的愤怒和争论，而成年人可能并不能完全理解他们正在经历的精神和情感斗争。 成年人需要从青少年的角度看待世界，并思考他们的关切，而不是简单地争辩或忽视他们的感受，这一点很重要。青少年需要一个安全的空间来表达他们的情绪和愿望，而不必在面对巨大的压力时退缩或显得被动。 在这种状态下，成年人提供一个定期的、平静的环境至关重要，让青少年感到安全和被理解。当青少年感到自己不断处于压力之下时，这可能会导致他们的心理健康崩溃。对成年人来说，重要的是要承认青少年所承受的压力，并帮助他们找到健康的方式来应对。 一种有效的方法是鼓励青少年参与他们喜欢的活动，比如志愿活动，或寻找能让他们振作起来并为他们积压的情绪提供释放途径的冒险。这样一来，成年人可以帮助青少年灵活地管理他们的压力和情绪，同时提供支持和理解的环境。 　　重要的是要意识到青少年可能会经历独特的挑战和压力，成年人需要用同理心和理解来应对这些挑战。通过提供支持性的环境，并采取灵活的方法，成年人可以帮助青少年在成长过程中应对复杂的情绪和经历。 总之，对成年人来说，认识到青少年面临的表现压力和心理困扰至关重要，因为他们的目标是为青少年的成长和发展确保有一个稳定和积极的环境。通过考虑青少年面临的独特挑战，并提供必要的支持，成年人可以帮助青少年成长为全面发展和强大的个体，准备好自信和坚韧地面对世界。
Passage 1(2023南京六校联合体期中)
Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports. That's usually the case because parents feel that could help their children go to top colleges. However, Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently.
Their 14 year old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world's top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate's and bachelor's degrees all in three years. That's not all. He also ran two tech companies and founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive species.
But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills. Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son. Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. “But once they talk to Mike, they understand that he's just a normal 14 year old that happens to be able to do amazing things，” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa got to know about their child's intelligence when he entered preschool. A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast development. Many parents aren't comfortable with putting their children with 18 year olds, but Mike's parents saw the value in letting their child go through it. “I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children，” said Melissa.
The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find his own voice and put it to use. “We let him order food when he's 3 or 4 from the waiter or waitress and introduce himself to people. Those kinds of things are done to encourage him to engage with everyone else and be more comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，” said Melissa.
Thanks to his parents, Mike has learned to get along with young and old alike.
(　　) 1. What does the underlined word “prodigy” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. A gifted person. B. A popular student.
C. A wildlife biologist. D. A promising businessman.
(　　) 2. What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon
A. He likes to make friends.
B. He is a well rounded student.
C. He is a famous child actor.
D. He is poor at dealing with people.
(　　) 3. How did Mark and Melissa discover their child's high intelligence
A. Through the suggestion from a child psychologist.
B. Through the information provided by his teachers.
C. By taking part in a special educational program.
D. By watching their child's behavior in preschool.
(　　) 4. How did Mike's parents improve his social skills
A. By letting him go to school alone.
B. By placing him in social situations.
C. By encouraging him to speak in class.
D. By teaching him some communication rules.
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 上顶尖大学 5. 缺乏社交技能
2. 顶级智商俱乐部 6. 经历；翻阅，通读
3. 学士学位 7. 投入使用
4. 入侵物种 8. 与所有其他人接触
1. That's usually the case because parents feel that could help their children go to top colleges.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：That's usually the case because A feel B could help C.
句式仿写：通常都是这样的，因为许多小公司觉得大公司能帮它们提升技术水平。
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2. The parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A be proud that B be able to help C with D.
句式仿写：全世界的中国人都为中国政府能帮助偏远地区实现脱贫而骄傲。
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3. Once they talk to Mike, they understand that he's just a normal 14 year old that happens to be able to do amazing things.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：Once they A, they B that(引导宾语从句) C that(引导定语从句) D.
句式仿写：一旦他们开始研究，就会发现这是一块普通的芯片，只是其性能被夸大了。
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Passage 2(2023泰兴期中)
There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade”， and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy(等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn't consider her my best friend. Best friends don't pay for your wedding. Best friends don't remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don't tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn't mean that the mother and daughter relationship can't be very close and satisfying.
While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today, contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren't speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother's emotional well being. It isn't that they don't care deeply about their mothers. It's just that they shouldn't be burdened with their mother's well being.
The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.
(　　) 5. What does the underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Differ. B. Prevent. C. Benefit. D. Change.
(　　) 6. What do we know from the text
A. The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.
B. A mother's love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C. The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends' friendship.
D. Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.
(　　) 7. How does the author mainly prove his statements
A. By listing data. B. By giving explanations.
C. By quoting sayings. D. By giving examples.
(　　) 8. What is the best title for the text
A. How to Be a Good Mother and Daughter
B. Who Is a Mother's Best Friend
C. Mothers or Friends
D. Can a Mother Be a Daughter's Best Friend
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 与……相似 5. 分享共同经验
2. 独有的特征 6. 传承家庭价值观
3. 将……与……区别开 7. 无论好坏
4. 有很多共同点 8. 负担着……
1. There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade”， and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：There is A that(引导同位语从句) B, and C.
句式仿写：中国有句古话叫“三人行，必有我师焉”，这才是合作的最佳方式。
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2. The mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A has B that(引导定语从句) distinguish C from D.
句式仿写：每一代人都有其区别于前代人的共性特征。
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3. Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A may or may not B, but for better or worse, C is D.
句式仿写：他可能会，也可能不会继续当一名歌手了，但不管怎样，他是我心中永远的艺术家。
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Navigating Relationships in the Age of Social Media 社交媒体时代的人际关系导航
　　In today's digital age, social media has become a noticeable platform for communication and interaction. However, it also presents challenges that can impact our relationships. Navigating these challenges can sometimes feel like 1. walking_on_the_rocks,_but with awareness and understanding, it's possible to maintain healthy and meaningful connections. One of the challenges of social media is the potential for 2. misunderstandings and miscommunication. Messages can be misinterpreted, leading to 3. awkward or uncomfortable situations. When a conversation takes a turn for the worse, it's important to 4. respond rather than 5. ignore the issue. It's also crucial to 6. recognize when a situation is best handled 7. in_person rather than through digital means. 8. In_any_case,_being 9. frank and genuine in our communication is essential. While it might be difficult to 10. apologize or admit fault, it's a necessary step towards resolving conflicts and strengthening relationships. Ignoring problems and letting them 11. eat_away_at the relationship can lead to a 12. horrible outcome that might be difficult to 13. recover from. Social media can also 14. bring_out the 15. shallow aspects of relationships, where the focus is on appearances rather than genuine connections. It's important not to let the lure of social media 16. trick us into valuing quantity over 17. quality in our relationships. Instead, we should aim for the 18. high_ point of our relationships, 19. through_thick_ and_thin,_and 20. in_full_measure． Another challenge is the tendency for social media to create unrealistic expectations and comparisons. It's easy to feel 21. at_a_loss when scrolling through carefully curated posts that make us believe others have perfect lives. However, it's important to recognize that what we see on social media is often an 22. edited version of reality. 　　23. In_the_wrong_hands,_social media can also be a catalyst for explosive 24. behaviour and conflicts. It's important to be 25. efficient in how we use social media and ensure that it doesn't bring out the worst in us. Instead, we should use it as a tool to benefit our relationships, providing fort and connection rather than creating tension and discomfort. 27. In_my_opinion,_while social media can be a valuable tool for staying connected, it requires mindfulness and a 28. thorough understanding of its impact on our relationships. By recognizing the challenges it presents and 29. taking_on the responsibility to use it in a positive and 30. respectful manner, we can ensure that it brings us closer rather than driving us apart. 　　在当今数字时代，社交媒体已成为一种引人注目的沟通和互动平台。然而，它也带来了可能影响我们关系的挑战。应对这些挑战有时会感觉像在走钢丝，但只要有意识和理解，就可以保持健康而有意义的联系。 社交媒体的一个挑战是可能的误解和沟通不畅。信息可能会被曲解，导致尴尬的或令人不适的情况。当对话转而变糟时，重要的是要回应而不是忽视问题。同样重要的是要意识到什么情况下最好亲自处理问题，而不是通过数字手段。 无论如何，在我们的交流中保持坦率和真诚是至关重要的。虽然道歉或承认错误可能很难，但这是解决冲突和加强关系的必要步骤。忽视问题并让它们侵蚀关系可能会导致一个可怕的结果，而且可能难以从中恢复。 社交媒体也能突显人际关系中浅薄的一面，即关注外表而不是真正的联系。重要的是，不要让社交媒体的诱惑欺骗我们，使我们在人际关系中将数量凌驾于质量之上。相反，我们应该努力在我们的关系中找到最有价值的东西，无论艰难险阻，全力以赴。 另一个挑战是，社交媒体往往会产生不切实际的期望和比较。当浏览精心策划过的帖子时，我们会认为其他人过着完美的生活，这很容易让我们感到不知所措。然而，重要的是要认识到我们在社交媒体上看到的内容通常是被编辑过的现实。 　　在错误的使用下，社交媒体也可能成为暴力行为和冲突的催化剂。有效使用社交媒体并确保它不会将我们最差的一面展现出来，这非常重要。相反，我们应该将其用作促进关系的工具，为我们提供安慰和联系，而不是用来制造紧张和不适。 我认为，虽然社交媒体可以是保持联系的宝贵工具，但它需要觉察和其对我们关系的影响的深入理解。通过认识其带来的挑战，并承担起以积极和尊重的方式使用它的责任，我们才可以确保它让我们更加亲近，而不是让我们疏远。
Passage 1(2023黄石期中)
My new teacher is cool. Her name is Paula, so we call her Miss Paula.
The first time we met her, she said we were going to be good friends and that good friends are always nice to each other.
Miss Paula has been teaching us a lot of things. Some of us used to get in trouble for talking in the hallway(过道). Miss Paula says she can't change the rule that we can't make noise in the hallway, but we can still talk to each other. She is teaching us sign language. I already know how to say “hello” and “how are you” with my hands. Now we love it when we have to walk somewhere and we are always quiet except for a laugh or two.
Miss Paula likes everybody, even Sam, and nobody likes Sam. He never does what he's told but now he is doing better. Miss Paula says every single one of us is perfect and beautiful just the way we are. I guess that includes Sam.
This week at school was really the best ever. I didn't even get in trouble when I thought I would, because I spilled(洒) milk on my homework and had to hand it in when it was still wet. Miss Paula just smiled and asked “What's this？” So I told her what had happened. Miss Paula put it near the window to make it dry. She said the sun had been waiting for such an important job as this and would be happy to help us.
Well, I have to go and get ready for bed now. I have school in the morning and I want to wake up early so I will have time to pick some flowers for Miss Paula.
(　　) 1. From the passage we know that Miss Paula ________．
A. is strict with the writer B. changed the school rules
C. is very kind to her students D. uses sign language in class
(　　) 2. From Paragraph 4, what do we learn about Sam
A. Sam dislikes his new teacher.
B. Sam has made some progress.
C. Sam is often praised by Miss Paula.
D. Sam is one of the writer's best friends.
(　　) 3. How did the writer probably feel when he handed in his homework
A. Bored. B. Excited.
C. Relaxed. D. Worried.
(　　) 4. We can learn from the passage that the writer ________．
A. loves and respects her new teacher
B. is a bit afraid of her new teacher
C. always picks her teacher some flowers
D. wrote this article in the morning
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 对彼此好 5. 除了
2. 惹上麻烦 6. 上交
3. 制造噪音 7. 去准备睡觉
4. 手语 8. 早起
1. The first time we met her, she said we were going to be good friends and that good friends are always nice to each other.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：The first time A, B do C and that(引导宾语从句) D.
句式仿写：当我第一次在餐馆看到他时，我记得他正在做服务工作，并且他脸上的笑容从未消退。
______________________________________________________________________
2. We love it when we have to walk somewhere and we are always quiet except for a laugh or two.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：We love it when we A and B.
句式仿写：当我们有机会去和那个作者交谈时，我们很高兴，而且整场交流进行得十分顺畅。
______________________________________________________________________
3. Miss Paula put it near the window to make it dry.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A put B near C to D.
句式仿写：杰克把他的小狗放在炉子旁，以让它保持温暖。
______________________________________________________________________
Passage 2(2023常州期中)
Scientists who study happiness know that being kind to others can improve happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can better a person's mood(心情), for example. Everyday life affords many chances for such actions, yet people do not always make use of them.
In a set of studies published online in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Nick Epley, a behavioral scientist, and I examined a possible explanation. We found that people who perform random(随机的) acts of kindness do not always realize how much of an effect they are having on another person. People usually think little of how others value these acts.
Across our investigations, several results came out. For one, both givers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than usual after these exchanges. For another, it was clear that givers undervalued(低估) their effect; receivers felt much better than the kind givers expected. The receivers also really recognized these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But later we found that givers undervalued their positive effect on strangers as well. In one experiment, givers in a public park gave_away_hot_chocolate_to_strangers on a cold winter's day. Once again, the experience was more positive than the givers expected for the receivers. While the people giving the hot chocolate saw the act as unimportant, it really mattered to the receivers.
Our findings suggest that what might seem small to the givers could matter a great deal to the receivers. Since these warm acts can promote our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
(　　) 5. What do givers seldom think about
A. Comments about their acts.
B. Effects of their acts on others.
C. Scientists' explanation.
D. Taste of happiness.
(　　) 6. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Investigations. B. Moods.
C. Acts. D. Exchanges.
(　　) 7. Why does the author mention “gave away hot chocolate to strangers” in Paragraph 4
A. To explain a rule. B. To prove a finding.
C. To present a fact. D. To show a topic.
(　　) 8. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Warm Acts Are Usually Valued
B. Warm Acts Are Necessary for People
C. Kindness Can Have Unexpectedly Positive Results
D. Kindness Can Unexpectedly Brighten Our Own Day
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 改善人的情绪 5. 很少考虑
2. 一套，一组 6. 情绪更加积极
3. 行为科学家 7. 善举
4. 对……有影响 8. 赠送
1. Scientists who study happiness know that being kind to others can improve happiness.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：A who(引导定语从句) B that(引导宾语从句) C can D.
句式仿写：我刚才遇到的老师说，迟到会导致学分被扣。
______________________________________________________________________
2. While the people giving the hot chocolate saw the act as unimportant, it really mattered to the receivers.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：While A see B as C, it really D.
句式仿写：尽管他的父母认为课外辅导费用高昂，但它真的有助于提高他的成绩。
______________________________________________________________________
3. Since these warm acts can promote our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：Since A can B and C, why not D when we can
句式仿写：既然这种练习册能提高学生的做题速度和正确率，为什么不尽我们所能多订一些呢？
______________________________________________________________________
The Impact of Nutrition and Exercise on Overall Health 营养和锻炼对整体健康的影响
　　Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for individuals looking to improve their overall well being. With 1. concerns about the 2. side_effects of 3. extreme diets, many people are now turning to 4. proven methods to 5. slim_down and get into shape 6. effectively. It's important to 7. concentrate_on_nutrition and exercise, as they play a vital role in an individual's ability to stay 8. energetic and healthy. When it comes to slimming down, 9. nutrition is key. A well balanced 10. diet that takes in the right 11. amount of nutrients contributes not only to physical health but also to mental 12. function and 13. memory. In contrast, extreme dieting can have negative 14. effects on both the body and the mind. It's important to 15. guard_against the 16. pressure to pursue extreme diets that may contribute to long term health issues. 17. In_addition_to_ nutrition, exercise is a crucial 18. aspect of staying healthy. Engaging in a regular exercise 19. schedule not only helps individuals 20. get_into_shape but also 21. contributes_to_their overall 22. strength and endurance. It's proven that regular exercise has positive effects on an individual's overall health and well being, both 23. in_the_short_and_long_term． When individuals are concerned about their physical appearance and want to slim down, it's important to avoid the pressure to 24. live_up_to unrealistic 25. beauty standards. Instead, they should focus on achieving a healthy and sustainable lifestyle. By taking pride in their 26. achievements,_individuals can improve their self esteem and overall 27. contentment． On 28. campuses and in 29. digital media, there's often pressure to 30. show_off and conform to 31. fashion trends. However, it's crucial not to get caught up in this 32. external pressure. Each person should strive to maintain their 33. individuality and 34. take_pride_in their unique 35. talents and achievements. Living up to an external image can lead to 36. a_losing_battle,_while embracing one's individuality can lead to a sense of contentment and overall well being. In conclusion, individuals should concentrate on maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding extreme measures to slim down. By doing so, they can contribute to their long term health and well being, both physically and mentally. 　　维持健康的生活方式对于希望改善整体幸福感的个人至关重要。由于担心极端饮食的副作用，许多人现在转向经过验证的方法，以有效地减肥并塑形。重要的是要专注于营养和锻炼，因为它们对于个人能够保持活力和健康起着至关重要的作用。 说到减肥，营养是关键。摄入适量营养的均衡饮食不仅有助于身体健康，而且有助于大脑功能和记忆。相比之下，极端节食可能会对身体和心理都有负面影响。重要的是要防范追求可能导致长期健康问题的极端饮食的压力。 除了营养，锻炼也是保持健康的一个重要方面。参加定期的锻炼计划不仅有助于个人保持身材，而且有助于增强整体力量和耐力。事实证明，定期锻炼对个人的整体健康和幸福感，无论是短期还是长期，都有积极影响。 当人们担心自己的外貌并想要减肥时，避免因要达到不切实际的美丽标准而产生的压力是很重要的。相反，他们应该专注于实现健康和可持续的生活方式。通过为自己的成就感到自豪，个人可以提高自尊心和整体满足感。 在校园和数字媒体中，常常存在着炫耀和迎合时尚潮流的压力。然而，关键是不要陷入这种外部压力。每个人都应努力保持自己的个性，并为自己独特的才华和成就感到自豪。迎合外部形象可能导致一场必败之仗，而接纳个人特质则会带来满足感和整体幸福感。 总之，个人应专注于保持健康饮食、定期锻炼，并避免采取极端措施来减肥。通过这样做，他们可以为自己的身心健康和幸福感做出长期的贡献。
Passage 1(2023常州高级中学期中)
Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink something sugary, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, which doctors suggest we all should cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and search for the first cause, I find my way back to sugar，” says scientist Richard Johnson. One third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure and up to 347 million adults have diabetes(糖尿病). Why “Sugar, we believe, is one of the culprits,_if not the major reason，” says Johnson.
Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the solution It's obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today's world, it's extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals(谷物) to after dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.
But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit. Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.
(　　) 1. What do scientists think of sugar
A. It benefits our health.
B. It is less addictive than drugs.
C. It causes us to become dependent on it.
D. It should be taken under a doctor's guidance.
(　　) 2. What does the underlined word “culprits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Diseases. B. Poor diets.
C. Unknown things. D. Causes of a problem.
(　　) 3. Why is it so hard to avoid sugar
A. We like it too much. B. We cannot survive without it.
C. It gives us much needed energy. D. It's in so many foods and drinks.
(　　) 4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Ways to Avoid Sugar B. Our Addiction to Sugar
C. Illnesses Caused by Sugar D. Good Sugar VS Bad Sugar
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 让我们感觉良好 5. 靠……生存
2. 所有美味的食物 6. 将糖存储为脂肪
3. 一种使人上瘾的药物 7. 餐后甜点
4. 削减 8. 步行道
1. When we eat or drink something sugary, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：When we A, B do C and D that(引导定语从句) E.
句式仿写：当我们不慎触碰到电线时，电流就会通过我们的身体，并造成灼烧皮肤的严重伤害。
______________________________________________________________________
2. In this way, we had energy stored when there was no food.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：In this way, we A when B.
句式仿写：这样，当遇到紧急的情况时，我们就有了逃生通道。
______________________________________________________________________
3. From breakfast cereals to after dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：From A to B, C be D.
句式仿写：这个省从城市到农村，民用设施都十分齐全。
______________________________________________________________________
Passage 2(2023徐州铜山期中)
A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her, and she did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed that as one problem was solved, a new one arose.
Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word.
The daughter impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them on a plate. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a glass. Turning to her, he asked, “Darling, what do you see？” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee，” she replied.
He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted it.
“What does it mean, Father？” she asked. He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity,_boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong and hard. But after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior, but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were placed in the boiling water, they changed the water.
“Which are you？” he asked his daughter. When adversity knocks on your door in your life, how do you respond Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean
(　　) 5. What can be known from the first paragraph
A. The daughter found her life full of difficulties and she could do nothing about them.
B. The daughter and her father were very poor and she complained about it.
C. The daughter was fighting and struggling with her classmates so she was not satisfied.
D. The daughter complained about her food.
(　　) 6. What happened after the father turned off the burners
A. The carrot was hard as it had been.
B. The egg became soft and fragile.
C. There was a different change in every pot.
D. Similar changes happened in the three pots.
(　　) 7. The underlined word “adversity” most probably means “________”．
A. temperature B. difficulty C. requirement D. attitude
(　　) 8. The author wants to tell us ________．
A. that it is natural for people to complain about their difficulties in life
B. that a father taught her daughter how to cook at home
C. how carrots, eggs and coffee beans change when they are cooked
D. what we should do when facing difficulties
中文短语 English Phrases 中文短语 English Phrases
1. 向某人抱怨 5. 剥去外壳
2. 做成，成功 6. 面对同样的逆境
3. 研磨好的咖啡豆 7. 沸水
4. 一声不吭 8. 敲你的门
1. It seemed that as one problem was solved, a new one arose.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：It seems that(引导表语从句) as A do, B do.
句式仿写：似乎随着太阳的升起，云雾正逐渐消散(dissipate)。
______________________________________________________________________
2. After being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak.
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：After being subjected to A, it B and C.
句式仿写：受高温的影响后，它融化(melt)并蒸发(evaporate)了。
______________________________________________________________________
3. When adversity knocks on your door in your life, how do you respond
好句翻译：_________________________________________________________
结构提取：When A knock on B, how do you C
句式仿写：当陌生人敲门时，你作何反应呢？
______________________________________________________________________
参考答案与解析
Unit 1　Back to school
Passage 1
1—4 DDCC
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多人都会有数学焦虑的症状，并说明了产生数学焦虑的原因以及如何克服数学焦虑。
1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But many are afraid of the … maths anxiety is perfectly normal, and you're definitely not alone.”可知，数学焦虑是很常见的，人们在和数字打交道时通常会有这种感觉。
2. D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected.”可知，这项研究发现，如果老师教数学时感到焦虑，即缺乏教数学的自信，那么学生就会对学数学产生焦虑。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“But the fact that there's no room for playing tricks might make you more worried about underperforming．”可知，David Robson认为没有机会耍花招可能是人们担心表现不佳，从而恐惧数学、导致焦虑的一方面原因，说明学生在数学考试时不易作弊。
4. C　细节理解题。最后一段介绍了克服数学焦虑的几种方法，根据“Most importantly, we need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance.”可知，克服数学焦虑最重要的是对数学的态度要积极向上。
好词提取
1. work out puzzles　2. calculate family bills　
3. reflect one's ability　4. pass on … to …　
5. play tricks　6. bring … out　
7. voice one's fears　8. see … as …
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：但许多人害怕不得不处理数字和算术的时刻，并感到真实的担忧和困惑。
句式仿写：Many people still remember the moment when they heard that President Kennedy had been assassinated and felt disbelief.
2. 好句翻译：研究发现，对教授这门学科感到紧张的数学老师，可能会将焦虑传递给学生，且女孩可能更容易受到影响。
句式仿写：Research has found that people who are more energetic can complete this activity in time, and that athletes have the greatest advantage.
3. 好句翻译：但事实上，没有耍花招的余地可能会让你更担心表现不佳。
句式仿写：The fact that he has no good friends makes his parents worried a lot.
Passage 2
5—8 DCBC
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了马里兰大学开展的一个口音矫正课程，其目的是让学生在说英语时能清晰地表达自我，阐明了改变口音的同时要保持自己原有的文化身份的观点。
5. D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Students will most probably work in English speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this.”可知，口音矫正课程教授学生如何在说英语的环境中进行交流。
6. C　词义猜测题。画线词下文“a short description of an idea—and how to discuss their research”说明这是一个有效表达，从而推知画线词所在句中“how to give an ‘elevator pitch’”的意思是“如何有效地将想法传达给他人”。
7. B　细节理解题。根据第五段中“It begins with a test to find out how the student's … their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings of a native speaker.”可知，Compton Method需要学生比较自己的发音和英语母语者的录音；根据第六段中“Another method is the Tomatis Method, which … asks students to find the difference between their pronunciation and the voices they hear.”可知，Tomatis Method要求学生比较自己的发音和他们所听见的声音并找出区别。由此推断，这两种方法都采用了比较法。
8. C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“I view accent as the spread of culture and the spread of a person's individual identity—and I don't work to remove any part of culture from an individual.”可知，Mont认为口音是文化和个人身份的延伸，再结合文中专家介绍的几种矫正口音的方法可知，本文阐明了改变口音的同时要保持自己原有的身份的观点。C项为本文最佳标题。
好词提取
1. online and in person courses　2. sound like a native speaker　3. meet in a group　4. amount to 5. depend on　6. view … as…　7. English speaking environments　8. compare … to …
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：有许多在线和面对面课程承诺教授“地道口音”。
句式仿写：Now there are many overseas governments promising to let students go to China to study Chinese.
2. 好句翻译：但是，真的有必要听起来完全像一个以英语为母语的人吗？
句式仿写：Is it really necessary to stretch and warm up before swimming
3. 好句翻译：这种方法也用于治疗因心理问题而导致语言学习困难的儿童。
句式仿写：The music is used to attract people who have the similar memories that can cause them to think about their dead relatives.
Unit 2　Let's talk teens
Passage 1
1—4 ADAB
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Melissa和Mark Wimmer对儿子Mike的不同教育方式和对他全面发展的重视。
1. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“He is a member of Mensa, which is the world's top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate's and bachelor's degrees all in three years.”可知，Mike的智商很高，天赋很好，所以推知prodigy意为“天才”，指Mike是一个有天赋的人。
2. D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills.”可知，Sheldon不善于与人打交道。
3. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mark and Melissa got to know about … son would need a different course to support his fast development.”可知，Mark和Melissa是通过儿童心理学家的建议才知道了Mike的高智商。
4. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The parents shared that they were able to do this by letting Mike find his own voice and put it to use. ‘We let him … more comfortable talking to others outside of our environment，’ said Melissa.”可知，Mike的父母通过把孩子置身于社交场合来提高社交技能。
好词提取
1. go to top colleges　2. top IQ club　
3. bachelor's degree　4. an invasive species　
5. lack social skills　6. go through　
7. put to use　8. engage with everyone else
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：通常情况下是这样的，因为父母认为这可以帮助他们的孩子上顶尖大学。
句式仿写：That's usually the case because many small companies feel that large companies could help them improve their technology.
2. 好句翻译：父母为他们能够帮助Mike掌握社交技能和智力技能而感到骄傲。
句式仿写：Chinese people around the world are proud that Chinese government is able to help remote areas with the realization of getting rid of poverty.
3. 好句翻译：一旦他们和Mike交谈，他们就会明白他只是一个普通的14岁孩子，只是碰巧做了一些惊人的事情。
句式仿写：Once they start researching, they will find out that it is an ordinary chip whose performance is exaggerated.
Passage 2
5—8 BCBD
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章中作者提出问题：母女关系是不是可以替代友谊，然后通过说理的论证方法，最后得出结论：母女关系胜过友谊。
5. B　词义猜测题。根据第一段中“However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.”可知，母女关系和友谊有区别，换言之，母女无法成为朋友。而画线词所在句也指出了有所区别的原因，即“These characteristics include a hierarchy(等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love”，故可推测是这些特征“阻止”了母女变成朋友。
6. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Best friends may or may not continue to … is closer than any other.”可知，既然母女关系比其他任何关系都要密切，那么它已经超出了友谊。
7. B　推理判断题。结合第一段中“The relationship between a mother … distinguish it from a friendship.”先指出令人困惑的这一问题，随后解释原因并通读全文可知，作者全篇基本是按照“提出论点——解释原因”的方式来论述观点。运用排除法，可知A项“列数据”(文章没有涉及数字)、C项“引用谚语”和D项“举例子”(文章都仅出现一处，不构成写作手法)均可排除。由此可以判断作者通过说理的方式来证明陈述的内容。
8. D　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“The relationship between a mother … distinguish it from a friendship.”可知，本文探讨的问题就是母女关系和好朋友的友谊是否一样，即“妈妈可以是孩子最好的朋友吗”这一问题；且最后一句“Mothers always ‘trump(胜过)’ friends.”也给出了作者的答案，故D项“母亲能成为女儿最好的朋友吗？”可作为本文最佳标题。
好词提取
1. be similar to …　2. unique characteristics 3. distinguish … from …　
4. have a lot in common　5. share the common experience　
6. pass on family values　7. for better or worse　8. be burdened with …
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：中国有句古话叫“前人种树，后人乘凉”，这就是母亲和女儿之间该有的样子。
句式仿写：There is an old Chinese proverb that says, “There must be one out of three who can be our teacher”， and that is the best way to work with others.
2. 好句翻译：母女关系有着独特的特点，有别于友谊。
句式仿写：Every generation has its common characteristics that distinguish it from those that came before it.
3. 好句翻译：最好的朋友可能会，也可能不会一直是最好的朋友，但无论好坏，母女关系都是永久的。
句式仿写：He may or may not continue to be a singer, but for better or worse, he is the permanent artist in my heart.
Unit 3　Getting along with others
Passage 1
1—4 CBDA
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的新老师Paula对班上的每个同学都很好，他们不仅是师生关系，更是朋友关系，作者非常喜爱自己的新老师。
1. C　推理判断题。根据第二段“The first time we met her, she said we were going to be good friends and that good friends are always nice to each other.”，第三段中“Miss Paula says she can't change the rule that we can't make noise in the hallway, but we can still talk to each other.”和第四段中“Miss Paula likes everybody, even Sam, and nobody likes Sam.”可推知，Paula老师对学生是非常友好的。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“He never does what he's told but now he is doing better.”可知，Sam已经取得了一些进步。
3. D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I didn't even get in trouble when I thought I would, because I spilled(洒) milk on my homework and had to hand it in when it was still wet.”可推知，当作者上交被牛奶打湿的作业时，是很担心的。
4. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Well, I have to go and get ready for bed now. I have school in the morning and I want to wake up early so I will have time to pick some flowers for Miss Paula.”以及上文内容可知，作者在文中描写了新老师，字里行间流露出对这位老师的喜爱和尊敬，结合最后想早起给老师摘花的事可推知，作者很喜欢新老师。
好词提取
1. be nice to each other　2. get in trouble　3. make noise　4. sign language　
5. except for　6. hand in　7. go and get ready for bed　8. wake up early
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：我们第一次见到她时，她说我们会成为好朋友，好朋友就会总是对彼此很好。
句式仿写：The first time I saw him in a restaurant, I remember he was doing the service work and that the smile never faded from his face.
2. 好句翻译：当我们不得不走到某个地方时，我们很开心，并且除了一两声笑声，我们总是很安静。
句式仿写：We loved it when we had the chance to talk to that author and the whole communication went quite smooth.
3. 好句翻译：Paula老师把它放在窗户附近使它变干。
句式仿写：Jack put his dog near the stove to keep it warm.
Passage 2
5—8 BCBC
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究发现，做善事可以给自己和他人带来意想不到的积极影响。
5. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“We found that people who perform random(随机的) acts of kindness do not always realize how much of an effect they are having on another person.”可知，做善事的人并非总能意识到他们对他人的影响。
6. C　代词指代题。代词通常指代的是上文中的内容；根据第三段中“The receivers also really recognized these acts as ‘bigger’ than the people performing them did.”可知，此处them指代的是上文中的these acts，也就是文章讲述的施善者的“善举”。
7. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“But later we found that givers undervalued their positive effect on strangers as well.”推知，下文提到“给陌生人送咖啡”这一事例是为了证明研究发现是正确的。
8. C　标题归纳题。根据最后一段中“Our findings suggest that what might seem small to the givers could matter a great deal to the receivers.”以及全文内容可知，小小的善举可以给行善者和受助者均带来意想不到的影响，所以“善举会有意外的积极效果”适合作为本文标题。
好词提取
1. better a person's mood　2. a set of　3. a behavioral scientist　4. have an effect on　
5. think little of　6. in more positive moods　
7. acts of kindness　8. give away
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：研究幸福感的科学家们知道，善待他人可以提高幸福感。
句式仿写：The teacher who/whom/that I met just now said that being late can result in credit being deducted.
2. 好句翻译：虽然送热巧克力的人认为这一行为无足轻重，但它对接受者来说真的很重要。
句式仿写：While his parents saw the tutoring fee as expensive, it really helped improve his grades.
3. 好句翻译：既然这些温暖的行为可以提升我们自己的情绪，并让他人的一天变得美好，为什么不尽己所能选择善良呢？
句式仿写：Since this kind of exercise book can improve students' speed and accuracy in answering questions, why not order more when we can
Unit 4　Looking good, feeling good
Passage 1
1—4 CDDB
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对糖上瘾的原因，以及吃糖过多的危害。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Many scientists believe our love of sugar … in fact an addictive drug, which doctors suggest we all should cut down on.”可知，科学家认为糖会使人上瘾，即让我们变得依赖它。
2. D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“One third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure and up to 347 million have diabetes(糖尿病). Why？”可知，下文应该在说原因，糖是原因之一，即使并非主要原因，故画线词意思是“问题的原因”。
3. D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The trouble is, in today's world, it's extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals(谷物) to after dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.”可知，难以避免糖的原因是绝大多数的食物里面都含有糖。
4. B　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction.”以及全文可知，文章介绍了人们对糖上瘾的问题，所以B项“我们对糖的上瘾”是本文最佳标题。
好词提取
1. make us feel good　2. all tasty foods　3. an addictive drug　4. cut down on　5. survive on　6. store sugar as fat　7. after dinner desserts　
8. walking tracks
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：当我们吃或喝含糖的东西时，糖会进入我们的血液，影响我们大脑中让我们感觉良好的部分。
句式仿写：When we accidentally touch a wire, the electric current passes through our body and causes serious injuries that burn our skin.
2. 好句翻译：这样，当没有食物的时候，我们就会有储存的能量。
句式仿写：In this way, we have an escape route when encountering an emergency.
3. 好句翻译：从早餐谷物到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地充满了它。
句式仿写：From urban to rural areas in this province, civilian facilities are very complete.
Passage 2
5—8 ACBD
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了一个女孩厌倦努力，想放弃，爸爸将她带到厨房，用煮胡萝卜、鸡蛋和咖啡的方式，让女孩看这三种东西的反应，从而启发她在逆境的时候应该怎么做。
5. A　细节理解题。根据第一段“A daughter complained to her father … as one problem was solved, a new one arose.”可知，女孩发现她的生活充满了困难，而她对此无能为力。
6. C　细节理解题。根据第四段“He brought her closer and asked her to feel … asked her to taste the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted it.”以及第五段中“The carrot went in strong and hard. But after being … became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were placed in the boiling water, they changed the water.”可知，父亲关掉火炉后，三样东西产生了不同的变化。
7. B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“boiling water, but each reacted differently”以及“The carrot went in strong and hard. But after being subjected … coffee beans were unique, however. After they were placed in the boiling water, they changed the water.”可知，三种东西都遇到了沸水(逆境)，但每个东西的反应都不同。故画线词意思与“困难”最接近。
8. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Which are you？’ he asked his daughter. When adversity knocks on your door in your life, how do you respond Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean？”可推知，作者想告诉我们面对困难时，我们应该做什么。
好词提取
1. complain to sb　2. make it　3. ground coffee beans　4. without saying a word　5. pull off the shell　6. face the same adversity　7. boiling water　8. knock on your door
好句再练
1. 好句翻译：似乎一个问题刚解决，另一个问题又出现了。
句式仿写：It seemed that as the sun was rising, the clouds were dissipating.
2. 好句翻译：但在受到沸水的影响后，它变软变弱了。
句式仿写：After being subjected to high temperature, it melted and evaporated.
3. 好句翻译：当你生活中遇到逆境时，你会如何应对？
句式仿写： When a stranger knocks on your door, how do you react？