Section 4 Focus on Language：Past Perfect
课时目标
1.掌握过去完成时的用法，并学会在语境中灵活运用。
2.区分一般过去时和过去完成时以及现在完成时和过去完成时，并掌握与它们连用的一些时间状语。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Pulitzer quickly became① a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become② a publisher. In 1878, he founded③ the newspaper the St Louis PostDispatch. Pulitzer worked④ tirelessly, from early morning until midnight. His paper published⑤ articles about politics and social issues. Sales of the newspaper shot⑥ up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought⑦ the New York World. He used⑧ the same business strategy he had employed⑨ at the St Louis PostDispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best selling newspaper in the country.
①③④⑤⑥⑦⑧都是一般过去时，其中③⑦分别和表示过去的时间状语In 1878、In 1883连用；
②⑨都是过去完成时，其中②的时间状语是by the age of 25。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
语境自主感知
①(教材典句)I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.
②(教材典句)Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.
③She said that she had never been to Paris.
④I wished that he hadn't made such a mistake.
⑤I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
[我的发现]
以上例句中，________句是从句的动作先于主句的动作，从句要用过去完成时；________句是与before引导的从句连用，主句要用过去完成时；________句是对过去的情况进行假设，从句要用过去完成时；________句表示过去本来打算做某事，但没有做成，句子要用过去完成时。
语法规则点拨
一、过去完成时的概念、构成与用法
(一)概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，它强调对过去的某一动作造成的某种影响或结果。
The film had begun before we got to the cinema.
我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了。
(二)构成
肯定式 had＋过去分词
否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词
疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词
被动式 had been＋过去分词
The class had begun when I got to school.
我到学校时，课已经开始了。
She had never tried to put this feeling into words.
她从未试图把这种感情说出来。
Had he finished his housework by the time you got to his house
你到他家的时候他已经做完家务了吗？
The work had been done before you came.
这项工作在你来之前就被做完了。
(三)用法
1．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 句中常用by引导的时间状语从句或以 before、until、when、than等词引导的状语从句。
By 5：00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那项工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
They came earlier than we had expected.
他们来得比我们预料的要早。
[图解助记]
2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3．表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，通常适用的动词有want、think、hope、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppose等。
I had meant to come, but something happened.
我原本打算来的，但发生了一些事情。
I had intended to call on you, but it rained heavily.我本打算去看你的，但雨下得太大了。
4．用于对过去情况假设的虚拟语气的从句中，主要用在if引导的表示与过去事实相反的条件句以及wish、as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的好朋友。
5．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她以前看过这部电影。
6．用于固定句式
(1)过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...、no sooner ... than ... 等句式中，表示“一……就……”。主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。(hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。
(2)This/That/It was the first (second .../last，next) time＋that ...句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。
It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
这是她第三次来这个山村看望孩子们了。
(3)在“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①By the time she reached hospital, she ____________ (slip) into a coma.
②(2023·全国乙卷)She said she ____________ (feel) confident all along that she would win.
③He ____________ (learn) a lot before he was 10 years old.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)When I finally finished it, the thought of winning ____________ (give) way to the enjoyment of writing.
⑤It was the third time that he ____________ (tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting.
⑥Hardly had I opened the door when he ____________ (cry) out my name.
(2)完成句子
⑦By the end of the day, most of the inhabitants ______________________.
到这一天结束的时候，大部分居民已经离开他们的家园。
⑧______________________________ before five o'clock.
五点之前我已完成作业。
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
一般过去时 含有表示过去的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的表示过去的时间状语
过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的表示过去的时间状语
Alex came to London three years ago.
亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。
Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies.
亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了超过三年了。
[图解助记]
[名师点津] 过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时则可以独立使用。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①He ________________________ for 10 years before he became the manager of the company.
在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。
②He once __________________ for 10 years, and now he is the manager of the company.
他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。
三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
现在完成时 动作都发生在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去
过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去
I have lived in Thailand for five years.
我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到现在这个时间有5年了)
I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China.在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到去中国那个时间点有5年了)
[图解助记]
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①Up to now, he ________________ (star) in five famous films.
②The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level ever since.
③When I got to school I found that my classmate ________________ (leave)．
④I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________________ (start) when I arrived.
用所给词的适当形式填空
When the Titanic was built, people thought it would never sink. So, when it ①____________ (sink) on its first journey, the news surprised everyone greatly.
The Titanic set sail from England on April 10,1912. On the fifth day of its voyage, when it ②____________ (sail) at full speed towards New York, it hit an iceberg. The captain, who ③____________ (receive) warnings about icebergs, ④____________ (dismiss) the warnings as they arrived. At 2：20 am, the Titanic sank into the sea. It ⑤____________ (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before the disaster. More than 1,500 people lost their lives, and only 710 people ⑥____________ (survive). Explorer Robert Ballard ⑦________ (search) for the Titanic for years before he found it. With his cameras, Robert managed to get photos of the holes along the side of the ship which ⑧____________ (cause) it to sink.
Section 4 Focus on Language：Past Perfect
慧学语法
[我的发现] ①③ ② ④ ⑤
一、[对点练] ①had slipped ②had felt ③had learned
④had given ⑤had told ⑥cried ⑦had left their homes
⑧I had finished my homework
二、[对点练] ①had worked on a farm ②worked on a farm
三、[对点练] ①has starred ②has remained ③had left
④had started
[语境综合应用]
①sank ②was sailing ③had received ④dismissed ⑤had hit
⑥survived ⑦searched/had searched ⑧had caused(共67张PPT)
Section 4
Focus on Language：Past Perfect
课时目标
1.掌握过去完成时的用法，并学会在语境中灵活运用。
2.区分一般过去时和过去完成时以及现在完成时和过去完成时，并掌握与它们连用的一些时间状语。
课时检测
目 录
(语法项目——非限制性定语从句)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Pulitzer quickly became① a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become② a publisher. In 1878, he founded③ the newspaper the St Louis PostDispatch. Pulitzer worked④ tirelessly, from early morning until midnight. His paper published⑤ articles about politics and social issues.
Sales of the newspaper shot⑥ up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought⑦ the New York World. He used⑧ the same business strategy he had employed⑨ at the St Louis PostDispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country.
①③④⑤⑥⑦⑧都是一般过去时，其中③⑦分别和表示过去的时间状语In 1878、In 1883连用；
②⑨都是过去完成时，其中②的时间状语是by the age of 25。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义— 使用”三维动态语法观
语境自主感知
①(教材典句)I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.
②(教材典句)Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.
③She said that she had never been to Paris.
④I wished that he hadn't made such a mistake.
⑤I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
[我的发现]
以上例句中，_______句是从句的动作先于主句的动作，从句要用过去完成时；____句是与before引导的从句连用，主句要用过去完成时；____句是对过去的情况进行假设，从句要用过去完成时；___句表示过去本来打算做某事，但没有做成，句子要用过去完成时。
①③
②
④
⑤
语法规则点拨
一、过去完成时的概念、构成与用法
(一)概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，它强调对过去的某一动作造成的某种影响或结果。
The film had begun before we got to the cinema.
我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了。
(二)构成
肯定式 had＋过去分词
否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词
疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词
被动式 had been＋过去分词
The class had begun when I got to school.
我到学校时，课已经开始了。
She had never tried to put this feeling into words.
她从未试图把这种感情说出来。
Had he finished his housework by the time you got to his house
你到他家的时候他已经做完家务了吗？
The work had been done before you came.
这项工作在你来之前就被做完了。
(三)用法
1．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 句中常用by引导的时间状语从句或以 before、until、when、than等词引导的状语从句。
By 5：00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那项工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
They came earlier than we had expected.
他们来得比我们预料的要早。
[图解助记]
2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3．表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，通常适用的动词有want、think、hope、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppose等。
I had meant to come, but something happened.
我原本打算来的，但发生了一些事情。
I had intended to call on you, but it rained heavily.
我本打算去看你的，但雨下得太大了。
4．用于对过去情况假设的虚拟语气的从句中，主要用在if引导的表示与过去事实相反的条件句以及wish、as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的好朋友。
5．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她以前看过这部电影。
6．用于固定句式
(1)过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...、no sooner ... than ... 等句式中，表示“一……就……”。主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。(hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
(2)This/That/It was the first (second .../last，next) time＋that ...句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。
It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
这是她第三次来这个山村看望孩子们了。
(3)在“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①By the time she reached hospital, she (slip) into a coma.
②(2023·全国乙卷)She said she (feel) confident all along that she would win.
③He (learn) a lot before he was 10 years old.
had slipped
had felt
had learned
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)When I finally finished it, the thought of winning (give) way to the enjoyment of writing.
⑤It was the third time that he (tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting.
⑥Hardly had I opened the door when he (cry) out my name.
had given
had told
cried
(2)完成句子
⑦By the end of the day, most of the inhabitants .
到这一天结束的时候，大部分居民已经离开他们的家园。
⑧ before five o'clock.
五点之前我已完成作业。
had left their homes
I had finished my homework
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
一般过去时 含有表示过去的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的表示过去的时间状语
过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的表示过去的时间状语
Alex came to London three years ago.
亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。
Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies.
亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了超过三年了。
[图解助记]
[名师点津] 过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时则可以独立使用。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①He for 10 years before he became the manager of the company.
在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。
②He once for 10 years, and now he is the manager of the company.
他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。
had worked on a farm
worked on a farm
三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
现在完成时 动作都发生 在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去
过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去
I have lived in Thailand for five years.
我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到现在这个时间有5年了)
I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China.
在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到去中国那个时间点有5年了)
[图解助记]
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①Up to now, he (star) in five famous films.
②The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________(remain) around that level ever since.
③When I got to school I found that my classmate ________ (leave)．
④I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived.
has starred
has remained
had left
had started
语境综合应用
用所给词的适当形式填空
When the Titanic was built, people thought it would never sink. So, when it ① (sink) on its first journey, the news surprised everyone greatly.
sank
The Titanic set sail from England on April 10,1912. On the fifth day of its voyage, when it ② (sail) at full speed towards New York, it hit an iceberg. The captain, who ③ (receive) warnings about icebergs, ④ (dismiss) the warnings as they arrived. At 2：20 am, the Titanic sank into the sea. It ⑤ (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before the disaster. More than 1,500 people lost their lives, and only 710 people ⑥ (survive).
was sailing
had received
dismissed
had hit
survived
Explorer Robert Ballard ⑦ (search) for the Titanic for years before he found it. With his cameras, Robert managed to get photos of the holes along the side of the ship which ⑧ (cause) it to sink.
searched/had searched
had caused
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was the first time that he (meet) so strange a man.
2．The big fire (put) out when they got home.
3．The old oak tree which (stand) in the yard for 300 years, suddenly fell.
课时检测
had met
had been put
had stood
4．Before she came to China, Grace ___________________ (teach) English in a middle school for about five years.
5．I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
6．He (enter) the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
had taught/taught
had hoped
entered
7．It was really tiresome! As soon as I (put) the phone down it rang again.
8．Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they (undertake)．
9．He hesitated and then said he (decide) not to run.
10．He (turn) to his friends to take him in because he ________(lose) his wallet and had nowhere to go.
put
had undertaken
had decided
turned
had lost
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．By the time I got to the station, the train .
我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
2．I met Tom yesterday. We since he went to Beijing.
我昨天遇见汤姆了。自从他去北京后我们一直没有见过面。
had already left
hadn't seen each other
3．It was the first time that I .
那是我第一次到国外。
4．When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets .
当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了。
had been in a foreign country
had been sold out
5．They but couldn't get here in time.
他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
6．It was three years since he .
他离开他的祖父已有三年了。
had wanted to help
had left his grandfather
7．I wished that I .
我希望我从未写过那篇文章。
8．No sooner than there was a loud knock on the door.
我刚坐下就有人大声敲门。
hadn't written that article
had I sat down
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash, go to a social event or go for a walk, thoughts like “I hope I don't see anyone I know” or “please don't talk to me” may run through your mind. I've also said such things to myself. Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone, especially someone new.
Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time Or are we just lazy, thinking that meeting someone new really is a trouble
Communication is the key to life. We have been told that many times. Take the past generations, like our parents, for example. They seem to take full advantage of that whole “communication” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation-Y grew up staring at screens. We spend hours of our days browsing websites. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don't have the courage to do in reality.
Nowadays, we are so caught up in our little circle of friends — our comfort zone. We love it that they laugh at our jokes, understand our feelings and can read our minds. Most importantly, they know when we want to be alone. They just get us.
Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don't really believe and being someone you think they want you to be — it is, as I said before, a trouble. It takes up so much energy, and at some point or another, it is too tiring.
But meeting new people is important. Life is too short, so meet all the people you can meet, make the effort to go out and laugh. Remember, every “hello” leads to a smile — and a smile is worth a lot.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么年轻人不喜欢结交新朋友，并鼓励人们认识新朋友。
1．What do we learn about the author
A．He likes to meet someone new.
B．He feels stressed out lately.
C．He's active in attending social events.
D．He used to be afraid of talking to others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I've also said such things to myself.”可知，作者过去害怕和别人说话。
√
2．What's the problem of Generation-Y in the author's eyes
A．They rely on the Internet to socialize.
B．They are less confident in themselves.
C．They have difficulty in communicating.
D．They are unwilling to make new friends.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We spend hours of ...don't have the courage to do in reality.”可知，作者认为，Y一代依靠互联网进行社交。
3．Why do many young people avoid meeting new people
A．They think it troublesome.
B．They are busy with their study.
C．They fear to disappoint their friends.
D．They want to do meaningful work.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Holding a conversation with ...as I said before, a trouble.”可知，许多年轻人不愿结识新朋友的原因是他们认为这很麻烦。
4．Why does the author write the text
A．To stress the importance of friends.
B．To give tips on how to meet new people.
C．To encourage people to meet new people.
D．To display the disadvantages of Generation-Y.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But meeting new people ...to go out and laugh.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们认识新朋友。
Ⅱ.语法填空
My experience of teaching students was a wonderful adventure. I had to deal with various challenges again and again.
The 1 (great) part of it was the relationship I developed with two students. One of the students was Michael, 2 I met when I was working for a kindergarten. Before I became a morning bus assistant, I 3 (hear) that Michael was a student who would always shout, stand up on the bus, make fun 4 other students, and distract the bus driver. So I decided that each morning, 5 he got on the bus, I'd have Michael sit beside me.
At first he didn't like this idea. But soon he settled down, 6 (know) he had no choice. I began to talk to him about little things outside of school life, such as his weekend 7 (activity) and things that he liked to do. I also listened 8 (close) to him. As I gave Michael the attention that he needed, little by little, he began to behave better and better.
Another student I took a special interest in was a boy 9 (name) Tony, a third grader. To some degree, Tony seemed to be a slow or passive learner. So I decided to see if I could find a way to encourage Tony 10 (stay) at the task. Before long, he was paying more attention to his studies and scored high in all tests.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章向我们讲述了作者作为一名老师如何纠正学生不懂礼貌、不守纪律等行为以及鼓励学习有困难的学生的故事。
1．greatest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空前的“The”可知，这里要用形容词最高级。
2．whom/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Michael，并在从句中作宾语，故用whom/who。
3．had heard 考查动词时态。根据语境可知，hear这一动作发生在became之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
4．of 考查固定搭配。make fun of意为“取笑”，为固定搭配。
5．when 考查状语从句。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
6．knowing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处know与主语he为逻辑上的主动关系，作伴随状语，应用v.-ing形式。
7．activities 考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，根据空后的“things”可知，此处与之并列，应用复数形式。
8．closely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词listened。
9．named 考查非谓语动词。boy与name在逻辑上是被动关系，所以应用v.-ed形式作后置定语。
10．to stay 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法。UNIT 1 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：Past Perfect
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was the first time that he ________________ (meet) so strange a man.
2．The big fire ________________ (put) out when they got home.
3．The old oak tree which ________________ (stand) in the yard for 300 years, suddenly fell.
4．Before she came to China, Grace ______________ (teach) English in a middle school for about five years.
5．I ________________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
6．He ____________ (enter) the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
7．It was really tiresome! As soon as I ____________ (put) the phone down it rang again.
8．Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they ______________ (undertake)．
9．He hesitated and then said he ________________ (decide) not to run.
10．He ____________ (turn) to his friends to take him in because he ____________ (lose) his wallet and had nowhere to go.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．By the time I got to the station, the train ________________________.
我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
2．I met Tom yesterday. We ____________________ since he went to Beijing.
我昨天遇见汤姆了。自从他去北京后我们一直没有见过面。
3．It was the first time that I ______________________________________.
那是我第一次到国外。
4．When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets ______________________.
当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了。
5．They ________________________ but couldn't get here in time.
他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
6．It was three years since he ________________________________.
他离开他的祖父已有三年了。
7．I wished that I _____________________________________________________.
我希望我从未写过那篇文章。
8．No sooner ______________________ than there was a loud knock on the door.
我刚坐下就有人大声敲门。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash, go to a social event or go for a walk, thoughts like “I hope I don't see anyone I know” or “please don't talk to me” may run through your mind. I've also said such things to myself. Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone, especially someone new.
Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time Or are we just lazy, thinking that meeting someone new really is a trouble
Communication is the key to life. We have been told that many times. Take the past generations, like our parents, for example. They seem to take full advantage of that whole “communication” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation Y grew up staring at screens. We spend hours of our days browsing websites. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don't have the courage to do in reality.
Nowadays, we are so caught up in our little circle of friends — our comfort zone. We love it that they laugh at our jokes, understand our feelings and can read our minds. Most importantly, they know when we want to be alone. They just get us.
Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don't really believe and being someone you think they want you to be — it is, as I said before, a trouble. It takes up so much energy, and at some point or another, it is too tiring.
But meeting new people is important. Life is too short, so meet all the people you can meet, make the effort to go out and laugh. Remember, every “hello” leads to a smile — and a smile is worth a lot.
1．What do we learn about the author
A．He likes to meet someone new.
B．He feels stressed out lately.
C．He's active in attending social events.
D．He used to be afraid of talking to others.
2．What's the problem of Generation Y in the author's eyes
A．They rely on the Internet to socialize.
B．They are less confident in themselves.
C．They have difficulty in communicating.
D．They are unwilling to make new friends.
3．Why do many young people avoid meeting new people
A．They think it troublesome.
B．They are busy with their study.
C．They fear to disappoint their friends.
D．They want to do meaningful work.
4．Why does the author write the text
A．To stress the importance of friends.
B．To give tips on how to meet new people.
C．To encourage people to meet new people.
D．To display the disadvantages of Generation Y.
Ⅱ.语法填空
My experience of teaching students was a wonderful adventure. I had to deal with various challenges again and again.
The __1__ (great) part of it was the relationship I developed with two students. One of the students was Michael, __2__ I met when I was working for a kindergarten. Before I became a morning bus assistant, I __3__ (hear) that Michael was a student who would always shout, stand up on the bus, make fun __4__ other students, and distract the bus driver. So I decided that each morning, __5__ he got on the bus, I'd have Michael sit beside me. At first he didn't like this idea. But soon he settled down, __6__ (know) he had no choice. I began to talk to him about little things outside of school life, such as his weekend __7__ (activity) and things that he liked to do. I also listened __8__ (close) to him. As I gave Michael the attention that he needed, little by little, he began to behave better and better.
Another student I took a special interest in was a boy __9__ (name) Tony, a third grader. To some degree, Tony seemed to be a slow or passive learner. So I decided to see if I could find a way to encourage Tony __10__ (stay) at the task. Before long, he was paying more attention to his studies and scored high in all tests.
UNIT 1 课时检测(四)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.had met 2.had been put 3.had stood
4．had taught/taught 5.had hoped 6.entered 7.put
8．had undertaken 9.had decided 10.turned; had lost
Ⅱ.1.had already left 2.hadn't seen each other
3．had been in a foreign country 4.had been sold out
5．had wanted to help 6.had left his grandfather
7．hadn't written that article 8.had I sat down
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么年轻人不喜欢结交新朋友，并鼓励人们认识新朋友。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I've also said such things to myself.”可知，作者过去害怕和别人说话。
2．选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We spend hours of ...don't have the courage to do in reality.”可知，作者认为，Y一代依靠互联网进行社交。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Holding a conversation with ...as I said before, a trouble.”可知，许多年轻人不愿结识新朋友的原因是他们认为这很麻烦。
4．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But meeting new people ...to go out and laugh.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们认识新朋友。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章向我们讲述了作者作为一名老师如何纠正学生不懂礼貌、不守纪律等行为以及鼓励学习有困难的学生的故事。
1．greatest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空前的“The”可知，这里要用形容词最高级。
2．whom/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Michael，并在从句中作宾语，故用whom/who。
3．had heard 考查动词时态。根据语境可知，hear这一动作发生在became之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
4．of 考查固定搭配。make fun of意为“取笑”，为固定搭配。
5．when 考查状语从句。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
6．knowing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处know与主语he为逻辑上的主动关系，作伴随状语，应用v. ing形式。
7．activities 考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，根据空后的“things”可知，此处与之并列，应用复数形式。
8．closely 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词listened。
9．named 考查非谓语动词。boy与name在逻辑上是被动关系，所以应用v. ed形式作后置定语。
10．to stay 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法。
