Section 3 “The Sixth Extinction”的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。
2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．wipe the tears ________眼泪
2．asteroids hitting the Earth 撞击地球的______
3．solar energy ________能
4．hatch the eggs ________蛋
5．restore the confidence ________信心
二、重点单词——写其形
1．all ____________ on Earth 地球上所有的物种
2．a sixth ____________ extinction第六次大灭绝
3．____________ the children 责备孩子们
4．____________ my decision 影响我的决定
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．unusual：un 否定前缀
[依“规”串记]
①unlock v． 开锁，解锁
②unmask v. 脱下面具
③unfold v. 展开；打开
④undo v. 解开，松开
2．endanger：en 动词前缀
[依“规”串记]
①enlarge 使变大
②enrich 使富足
③encourage 使具有勇气
④enable 使能够
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________ 对……有影响
2．________________ 消失；绝迹，灭绝
3．________________ 彻底毁灭
4．________________ (对某事)负有责任
5．________________ 处境危险，受到威胁
6．________________ 采取措施做某事
7．________________ 简而言之，总之
8．________________ 由于
9．________________ 取决于；依赖；依靠
10．________________ 建立；装配；开业；竖立
重点词汇·深化学习
1．Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
★wipe out彻底毁灭，全部摧毁
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类佳句)In most cases, good communication can help wipe out misunderstanding and build a good relationship.
在大多数情况下，良好的沟通可以帮助消除误解，建立良好的关系。
②(“动作描写”佳句)I wiped the sweat from my face, realizing that the exercise had made me tired.
我擦掉脸上的汗水，意识到锻炼使我感到疲惫。
③Do not bother to wipe up the dishes; just put them on the table.
不用费心擦干净碟子了，把它们放在桌上就行。
[归纳点拨]
wipe vt. 擦；拭
wipe ... away from ... 把……从……擦掉
wipe ... away/off 擦掉……；抹掉……
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……
wipe up ... 把……擦干净
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④A 0.9 meter rise would ____________________________ completely.
只要上升0.9米，它们的栖息地就会完全被摧毁。
⑤He ________________________ a handkerchief. 他用手帕擦眼泪。
⑥He spilled the milk on the floor but ________________________ at once.
他把牛奶洒在了地板上，但立刻把它擦掉了。
⑦________________________________________________________________________ before they were put away.
杯子没擦干净就收起来了。
2．These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。
★mass adj.大量的，大批的；数量极多的；广泛的 n．质量；物质；团；块；堆；大量；许多
[用法感知]
①(“节日介绍”佳句)The Spring Festival is the time of year that sees the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world's population travel home.
每年的春节将见证地球上最大的年度大规模迁徙，在那个时候，全球六分之一的人口会返乡回家。
②Your room is filled with masses of unnecessary things.You have to remove some of them.
你的房间里堆满了大量不必要的东西。你必须搬走其中一些。
③The conservationists urged the masses to protect nature.
自然资源保护主义者呼吁大众保护自然。
归纳点拨 a mass of/masses of 大量；大批；众多the mass of 大部分的the masses 群众
名师点津 a mass of/masses of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词单复数常由mass的数决定。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④There ____________ (be) masses of children playing in the yard.
⑤____________ (mass) of people attended the meeting that day.
⑥The mass ____________ the population could not afford such goods.
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑦There are masses of ice in the river.________________
3．The reasons for extinctions are varied.
灭绝的原因各不相同。
★varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
[用法感知]
①The weather is less changeable in December than in November in our city, although it still can be quite varied.
我市12月份的天气相比11月份没那么多变，尽管它仍然变化无常。
②Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.
她的情绪由乐观变为极度消沉。
③(“景物描写”佳句)The park had a variety of flowers blooming, from roses to tulips to daffodils.
公园里有各种各样的鲜花盛开，从玫瑰到郁金香到水仙花应有尽有。
归纳点拨 (1)vary vi.& vt. 相异；多变；改变，使多样化vary from ... 和……不同vary with ... 随……而变化vary in ... 在……方面不同/有差异vary between ... and ... 在……到……之间变动vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等(2)variety n. 种类；多样化a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的(3)various adj. 各种各样的
名师点津 a variety of和varieties of既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后名词的单复数而定。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Every solid object will reflect a sound, ____________ (vary) according to the size and nature of the object.
⑤As you can see, Chinese food is famous for its wide ____________ (vary)．
⑥The old couple determined to move to the countryside for ____________ (vary) reasons.
⑦Opinions on the shared bikes vary from person ____________ person.
⑧I want to know whether there are ______________________________ for us to choose from.
我想知道是否有种类繁多的书可供我们选择。
4．According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
★decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少，降低
[用法感知]
①(“哲理”类佳句)Growth in wisdom may be exactly measured by decrease in bitterness.
智慧的增长可用痛苦的减少来精确衡量。
②We should often open windows to make air circulate to decrease disease transmission.
我们应该经常打开窗户，让空气流通，以减少疾病传播。
③The demand for tea is on the decrease each year.
茶叶的需求量逐年下降。
归纳点拨 (1)on the decrease 在减少a decrease in 在……方面减少(2)decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了(3)increase v．&n. 增加，增长
名师点津 (1)指“某事物的增长/减少”用an increase/a decrease in sth.，其中in不可用of替换。(2)decrease to“减少到”，后跟最终数字；decrease by“减少了”，后跟减少的幅度。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Ever since the new policy was carried out, there has been an obvious decrease ________ traffic accidents.
⑤With a balanced diet and regular exercise，the chance of developing cancer will decrease ____________ 50%.
⑥Due to the application of advanced equipment, the number of his employees has decreased ____________ 2,000 ____________ 1,500.
⑦The birth rate of babies in this area __________________________________.
这个地方的婴儿出生率在下降。
5．This time, human activity will be to blame.
这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
★be to blame (for ... )(对某事)负有责任(表示被动)，应(为……)受责备
[用法感知]
①To be honest, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame — they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.
老实说，这是苏的错，但李也有责任——他们不够冷静，都说了一些非常刻薄的话。
②(谚语)A bad workman blames his tools.
拙匠埋怨工具差。
③She didn't complete the task on time but she's trying to put the blame on me.
她没有按时完成任务，但她想把责任推到我身上。
归纳点拨 (1)blame vt. 责怪；指责；归咎于n. 指责；责备；责任blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 责备某人(做了)某事blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人accept/shoulder/take/get the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
名师点津 be to blame for ... 为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。
[易混辨析] blame/charge/accuse
blame “责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于”，常用于 blame sb.for sth.“因某事指责某人”和blame sth.on sb.“把某事归咎于某人”
charge “控告；谴责”，常用于 charge sb.with sth.“指控某人某事”
accuse “控告，指控；指责，谴责”，常用于 accuse sb. of (doing) sth.“指控某人(做了)某事”
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The bank manager was really ____________ (blame), though he tried to pin it on a clerk.
(2)一句多译
她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。
⑤She ________________________ the failure of their marriage. (blame sb.for sth.)
⑥She __________________________________ her husband. (blame sth.on sb.)
⑦She ________________________________________________ her husband.(put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.)
6．If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。
★ die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
[用法感知]
①It is said that half of the languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.据说当今世界上使用的语言中有一半可能在下个世纪消失。
②Many animals are in danger of dying out and a recent study shows that various kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past decades.
许多动物正面临灭绝的危险，最近的一项研究表明，过去几十年来，各种野生动物的数量急剧下降。
[归纳点拨]
(1)die for ... 为……而死
die away (声音、光或感情等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
die down(火、风暴、疼痛等)逐渐减弱；逐渐平息
die of/from 死于
die off 相继死去
(2)dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；渴望的
be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物；很想要某物
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事；极想做某事
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③You have to break away from smoking, otherwise you may die ____________ lung cancer.
④Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying ____________ because of human activities.
⑤She was dying ____________ a break, having worked so hard for so long a time.
⑥As the sound of the music _____________________________________________，
the film came to an end.
随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。
⑦Although the wind _________________________________________________，
the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
⑧London was a new world to me and I ____________________________ more about it.
伦敦对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。
7．Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.
当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。
★be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
[用法感知]
①We must do a lot to make intelligent robots beneficial to us, otherwise our future would be at risk.
我们必须做很多来使智能机器人对我们有利，否则我们的未来将会面临风险。
②There is evidence that running can strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of serious diseases.
有证据表明，跑步能增强你的免疫系统，降低患严重疾病的风险。
③(谚语) He who risks nothing gains nothing.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
归纳点拨 (1)risk vt. 冒……的危险；使遭受危险n. 危险，风险risk one's life 冒生命危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事(2)at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么险，无论如何at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒(做)某事的危险run/take a risk/risks 冒险run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的危险put ...at risk 使……处于危险之中
名师点津 risk用作及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④I would like to risk ____________ (be) late for class to help him.
⑤The doctors were determined to put their lives ____________ risk to save the patients who have suffered from infectious diseases.
⑥They would go to rescue the travellers ____________ any risk.
(2)一句多译
消防队员们冒着生命危险帮助人们逃生。
⑦The firefighters ________________________ people escape.(risk v．)
⑧The firefighters ________________________ people escape. (risk n．)
⑨The firefighters ___________________________________ people escape.(risk n．)
8．For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species ...
例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种……
★endangered adj.濒危的
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类佳句)It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered animals.
是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。
②Smoking endangers your health.
吸烟危害你的健康。
③Jensen is a dangerous man, and I really feel my life is in danger.
詹森是个危险的人，我真的感到我的生命有危险。
[归纳点拨]
(1)endanger v． 使遭危险；危及；危害
(2)danger n. 危险，风险
in danger 处于危险之中
(3)dangerous adj. 有危险的；不安全的
It is dangerous for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是危险的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where ____________ (endanger) animals and plants live.
⑤The people are ____________ danger; we must help them off.
⑥It's dangerous for children ____________ (play) with fire.
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑦I don't want to put you in danger.________________
1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度令人担忧。
在主句中，at which this is now happening 是“介词at＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的先行词the rate。
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，不可用that，即只能是介词＋which/whom。
(2)关系代词前介词选择三原则：
①一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
②二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
③三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
注意：(1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
(2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
(3)通常介词放在定语从句中的动词后面，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词不可放在关系代词前。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
(用定语从句将下面句子合并成复合句)
①The tree is the largest and oldest in the park.They had their picnic under the tree.
→ __________________________________________________________________
②I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without Smith's help I would never have got this opportunity.
→___________________________________________________________________
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③阅读有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
Reading has a lot of advantages, _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
④他在当地的一个文法学校接受教育，之后他继续就读于剑桥大学。
He was educated at a local grammar school，
________________________________________________________________________.
⑤她带来了三个朋友，其中没有一个是我以前见过的。
She brought with her three friends, ____________________________________.
2．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
本句中包含“It is clear that ...”句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
it作形式主语的常见句型如下：
①It is＋n./adj./过去分词＋that从句；
②It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.；
③It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.；
④It happens/seems/looks/appears that ...，句中的happen、seem等词是不及物动词。
注意：
(1)“It is suggested/ordered ... that ...” 句型中，主句中的过去分词如果表示请求、建议、命令时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should 可以省略。
(2)“It is important/necessary/right/strange/natural ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。
(3)“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①He is said to be one of the best medical scientists in China.
→________________ he is one of the best medical scientists in China.
②That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
→________________________ light travels in straight lines.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③很明显，气候变化是对我们星球的主要威胁。
______________________ climate change is a major threat to our planet.
④为了改进我们的环境，有人建议应该限制汽车的数量。
____________________ the number of cars should be limited to improve our environment.
⑤他有必要记住这些话。
It is necessary that he _________________________________________________.
Section 3 “The Sixth Extinction”的新知学习环节
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.擦干 2.小行星 3.太阳 4.孵 5.恢复
二、1.species 2.mass 3.blame 4.affect
三、1.①unusual ②usual ③usually
2．①varied ②vary ③variety ④various
3．①decrease ②increase
4．①endangered ②endanger ③danger
五、1.have an impact on 2.die out 3.wipe out
4．be to blame 5.be at risk 6.take steps to do sth.
7．in short 8.due to 9.depend on 10.set up
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④wipe out their habitat ⑤wiped his tears with
⑥wiped it away/off ⑦The glasses were not wiped up
2．④are ⑤Masses ⑥of ⑦amounts/quantities
3．④varying ⑤variety ⑥various ⑦to
⑧a variety of/varieties of books
4．④in ⑤by ⑥from; to ⑦is decreasing/on the decrease
5．④to blame ⑤blamed her husband for
⑥blamed the failure of their marriage on
⑦put/laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on
6．③of/from ④out ⑤for ⑥died away ⑦has died down ⑧was dying to find out
7．④being ⑤at ⑥at ⑦risked their lives to help
⑧put their lives at risk to help
⑨ran/took the risk of losing their lives to help
8．④endangered ⑤in ⑥to play ⑦at risk
NO.2 通句式
1．①The tree under which they had their picnic is the largest and oldest in the park. ②I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this opportunity. ③one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills
④after which he went on to Cambridge
⑤none of whom I had ever met before
2．①It is said that ②It is known to all that ③It is clear that ④It is suggested that ⑤(should) remember these words(共107张PPT)
Section 3
“The Sixth Extinction”的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。
2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时检测
目 录
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．wipe the tears _____眼泪
2．asteroids hitting the Earth 撞击地球的_______
3．solar energy _____能
4．hatch the eggs ____蛋
5．restore the confidence ______信心
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
新学词汇·归类记清
擦干
小行星
太阳
孵
恢复
二、重点单词——写其形
1．all on Earth 地球上所有的物种
2．a sixth extinction 第六次大灭绝
3． the children 责备孩子们
4． my decision 影响我的决定
species
mass
blame
affect
unusual
usual
usually
varied
vary
variety
various
decrease
increase
endangered
endanger
danger
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．unusual：un-否定前缀
[依“规”串记]
①unlock v． 开锁，解锁
②unmask v. 脱下面具
③unfold v. 展开；打开
④undo v. 解开，松开
2．endanger：en-动词前缀
[依“规”串记]
①enlarge 使变大
②enrich 使富足
③encourage 使具有勇气
④enable 使能够
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 对……有影响
2． 消失；绝迹，灭绝
3． 彻底毁灭
4． (对某事)负有责任
5． 处境危险，受到威胁
have an impact on
die out
wipe out
be to blame
be at risk
6． 采取措施做某事
7． 简而言之，总之
8． 由于
9． 取决于；依赖；依靠
10． 建立；装配；开业；竖立
take steps to do sth.
in short
due to
depend on
set up
1．Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history.
物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。
★wipe out彻底毁灭，全部摧毁
重点词汇·深化学习
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类佳句)In most cases, good communication can help wipe out misunderstanding and build a good relationship.
在大多数情况下，良好的沟通可以帮助消除误解，建立良好的关系。
②(“动作描写”佳句)I wiped the sweat from my face, realizing that the exercise had made me tired.
我擦掉脸上的汗水，意识到锻炼使我感到疲惫。
③Do not bother to wipe up the dishes; just put them on the table.
不用费心擦干净碟子了，把它们放在桌上就行。
[归纳点拨]
wipe vt. 擦；拭
wipe ... away from ... 把……从……擦掉
wipe ... away/off 擦掉……；抹掉……
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……
wipe up ... 把……擦干净
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④A 0.9-meter rise would completely.
只要上升0.9米，它们的栖息地就会完全被摧毁。
⑤He a handkerchief.
他用手帕擦眼泪。
wipe out their habitat
wiped his tears with
⑥He spilled the milk on the floor but at once.
他把牛奶洒在了地板上，但立刻把它擦掉了。
⑦ before they were put away.
杯子没擦干净就收起来了。
wiped it away/off
The glasses were not wiped up
2．These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。
★mass adj.大量的，大批的；数量极多的；广泛的 n．质量；物质；团；块；堆；大量；许多
[用法感知]
①(“节日介绍”佳句) The Spring Festival is the time of year that sees the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world's population travel home.
每年的春节将见证地球上最大的年度大规模迁徙，在那个时候，全球六分之一的人口会返乡回家。
②Your room is filled with masses of unnecessary things.You have to remove some of them.
你的房间里堆满了大量不必要的东西。你必须搬走其中一些。
③The conservationists urged the masses to protect nature.
自然资源保护主义者呼吁大众保护自然。
归纳点拨 a mass of/masses of 大量；大批；众多
the mass of 大部分的
the masses 群众
名师点津 a mass of/masses of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词单复数常由mass的数决定。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④There (be) masses of children playing in the yard.
⑤ (mass) of people attended the meeting that day.
⑥The mass the population could not afford such goods.
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑦There are masses of ice in the river.____________________
are
Masses
of
amounts/quantities
3．The reasons for extinctions are varied.
灭绝的原因各不相同。
★varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
[用法感知]
①The weather is less changeable in December than in November in our city, although it still can be quite varied.
我市12月份的天气相比11月份没那么多变，尽管它仍然变化无常。
②Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.
她的情绪由乐观变为极度消沉。
③(“景物描写”佳句)The park had a variety of flowers blooming, from roses to tulips to daffodils.
公园里有各种各样的鲜花盛开，从玫瑰到郁金香到水仙花应有尽有。
归纳点拨 (1)vary vi.& vt. 相异；多变；改变，使多样化
vary from ... 和……不同
vary with ... 随……而变化
vary in ... 在……方面不同/有差异
vary between ... and ... 在……到……之间变动
vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等
(2)variety n. 种类；多样化
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
续表
名师点津 a variety of和varieties of既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后名词的单复数而定。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Every solid object will reflect a sound, (vary) according to the size and nature of the object.
⑤As you can see, Chinese food is famous for its wide (vary)．
⑥The old couple determined to move to the countryside for ________(vary) reasons.
varying
variety
various
⑦Opinions on the shared bikes vary from person person.
⑧I want to know whether there are __________________________ for us to choose from.
我想知道是否有种类繁多的书可供我们选择。
to
a variety of/varieties of books
4．According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。
★decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少，降低
[用法感知]
①(“哲理”类佳句)Growth in wisdom may be exactly measured by decrease in bitterness.
智慧的增长可用痛苦的减少来精确衡量。
②We should often open windows to make air circulate to decrease disease transmission.
我们应该经常打开窗户，让空气流通，以减少疾病传播。
③The demand for tea is on the decrease each year.
茶叶的需求量逐年下降。
归纳点拨 (1)on the decrease 在减少
a decrease in 在……方面减少
(2)decrease to 减少到
decrease by 减少了
(3)increase v．&n. 增加，增长
名师点津 (1)指“某事物的增长/减少”用an increase/a decrease in sth.，其中in不可用of替换。
(2)decrease to“减少到”，后跟最终数字；decrease by“减少了”，后跟减少的幅度。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Ever since the new policy was carried out, there has been an obvious decrease traffic accidents.
⑤With a balanced diet and regular exercise，the chance of developing cancer will decrease 50%.
⑥Due to the application of advanced equipment, the number of his employees has decreased 2,000 1,500.
in
by
from
to
⑦The birth rate of babies in this area .
这个地方的婴儿出生率在下降。
is decreasing/on the decrease
5．This time, human activity will be to blame.
这一次，人类活动是主要原因。
★be to blame (for ... )(对某事)负有责任(表示被动)，应(为……)受责备
[用法感知]
①To be honest, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame — they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.
老实说，这是苏的错，但李也有责任——他们不够冷静，都说了一些非常刻薄的话。
②(谚语)A bad workman blames his tools.
拙匠埋怨工具差。
③She didn't complete the task on time but she's trying to put the blame on me.
她没有按时完成任务，但她想把责任推到我身上。
归纳点拨 (1)blame vt. 责怪；指责；归咎于
n. 指责；责备；责任
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 责备某人(做了)某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
accept/shoulder/take/get the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
名师点津 be to blame for ... 为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。
[易混辨析] blame/charge/accuse
blame “责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于”，常用于 blame sb.for sth.“因某事指责某人”和blame sth.on sb.“把某事归咎于某人”
charge “控告；谴责”，常用于 charge sb.with sth.“指控某人某事”
accuse “控告，指控；指责，谴责”，常用于 accuse sb. of (doing) sth.“指控某人(做了)某事”
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The bank manager was really (blame), though he tried to pin it on a clerk.
to blame
(2)一句多译
她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。
⑤She the failure of their marriage. (blame sb.for sth.)
⑥She her husband. (blame sth.on sb.)
⑦She her husband.(put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.)
blamed her husband for
blamed the failure of their marriage on
put/laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on
6．If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。
★ die out消失；绝迹，灭绝
[用法感知]
①It is said that half of the languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.
据说当今世界上使用的语言中有一半可能在下个世纪消失。
②Many animals are in danger of dying out and a recent study shows that various kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past decades.
许多动物正面临灭绝的危险，最近的一项研究表明，过去几十年来，各种野生动物的数量急剧下降。
[归纳点拨]
(1)die for ... 为……而死
die away (声音、光或感情等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
die down (火、风暴、疼痛等)逐渐减弱；逐渐平息
die of/from 死于
die off 相继死去
(2)dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；渴望的
be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物；很想要某物
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事；极想做某事
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③You have to break away from smoking, otherwise you may die _______lung cancer.
④Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying because of human activities.
⑤She was dying a break, having worked so hard for so long a time.
of/from
out
for
⑥As the sound of the music ,the film came to an end.
随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。
⑦Although the wind ,the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
died away
has died down
⑧London was a new world to me and I more about it.
伦敦对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。
was dying to find out
7．Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.
当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。
★be at risk处境危险，受到威胁
[用法感知]
①We must do a lot to make intelligent robots beneficial to us, otherwise our future would be at risk.
我们必须做很多来使智能机器人对我们有利，否则我们的未来将会面临风险。
②There is evidence that running can strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of serious diseases.
有证据表明，跑步能增强你的免疫系统，降低患严重疾病的风险。
③(谚语) He who risks nothing gains nothing.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
归纳点拨 (1)risk vt. 冒……的危险；使遭受危险 n. 危险，风险
risk one's life 冒生命危险
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
(2)at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么险，无论如何
at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒(做)某事的危险
run/take a risk/risks 冒险
run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的危险
put ...at risk 使……处于危险之中
名师点津 risk用作及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。
续表
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④I would like to risk (be) late for class to help him.
⑤The doctors were determined to put their lives risk to save the patients who have suffered from infectious diseases.
⑥They would go to rescue the travellers any risk.
being
at
at
(2)一句多译
消防队员们冒着生命危险帮助人们逃生。
⑦The firefighters people escape.(risk v．)
⑧The firefighters people escape. (risk n．)
⑨The firefighters people escape.(risk n．)
risked their lives to help
put their lives at risk to help
ran/took the risk of losing their lives to help
8．For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species ...
例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种……
★endangered adj.濒危的
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类佳句)It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered animals.
是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。
②Smoking endangers your health.
吸烟危害你的健康。
③Jensen is a dangerous man, and I really feel my life is in danger.
詹森是个危险的人，我真的感到我的生命有危险。
[归纳点拨]
(1)endanger v． 使遭危险；危及；危害
(2)danger n. 危险，风险
in danger 处于危险之中
(3)dangerous adj. 有危险的；不安全的
It is dangerous for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是危险的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where ___________(endanger) animals and plants live.
⑤The people are danger; we must help them off.
⑥It's dangerous for children (play) with fire.
endangered
in
to play
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑦I don't want to put you in danger. ______
at risk
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度令人担忧。
在主句中，at which this is now happening 是“介词at＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的先行词the rate。
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，不可用that，即只能是介词＋which/whom。
(2)关系代词前介词选择三原则：
①一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
②二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
③三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
注意：(1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
(2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
(3)通常介词放在定语从句中的动词后面，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词不可放在关系代词前。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
(用定语从句将下面句子合并成复合句)
①The tree is the largest and oldest in the park.They had their picnic under the tree.
The tree under which they had their picnic is the largest and oldest in the park.
→
②I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without Smith's help I would never have got this opportunity.
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this opportunity.
→
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③阅读有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
Reading has a lot of advantages,_______________________________ ____________________.
④他在当地的一个文法学校接受教育，之后他继续就读于剑桥大学。
He was educated at a local grammar school,_____________________ ______________.
one of which is that it helps you
develop reading skills
after which he went on
to Cambridge
⑤她带来了三个朋友，其中没有一个是我以前见过的。
She brought with her three friends,__________________________ ______.
none of whom I had ever met
before
2．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。
本句中包含“It is clear that ...”句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
it作形式主语的常见句型如下：
①It is＋n./adj./过去分词＋that从句；
②It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.；
③It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.；
④It happens/seems/looks/appears that ...，句中的happen、seem等词是不及物动词。
注意：
(1)“It is suggested/ordered ... that ...” 句型中，主句中的过去分词如果表示请求、建议、命令时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should 可以省略。
(2)“It is important/necessary/right/strange/natural ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。
(3)“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①He is said to be one of the best medical scientists in China.
→ he is one of the best medical scientists in China.
②That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
→ light travels in straight lines.
It is said that
It is known to all that
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③很明显，气候变化是对我们星球的主要威胁。
climate change is a major threat to our planet.
④为了改进我们的环境，有人建议应该限制汽车的数量。
the number of cars should be limited to improve our environment.
⑤他有必要记住这些话。
It is necessary that he .
It is clear that
It is suggested that
(should) remember these words
No.3 课时检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This region is the home of many (物种) of wild flowers.
2．He (擦) his hands on a clean towel.
3．It's (不平常的) for the plants to flower so early.
species
wiped
unusual
4．Their latest product is aimed at the (大量的) market.
5．It is essential that your diet is (多种多样的) and balanced.
6．The number of new students (减少) from 210 to 160 this year.
mass
varied
decreased
7．Don't (责怪) me if you miss the bus!
8．Your opinion will not (影响) my decision.
9．Large homes should have (太阳能的) collectors in their designs.
10．The measures are intended to (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
blame
affect
solar
restore
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's not (usual) for young doctors to work a 70-hour week.
2．During the cultural festival，you can enjoy or participate in ________(vary) of activities.
3．As far as I can judge, all of them are (blame)．
unusual
varieties
to blame
4．It can be seen that certain groups are more risk than others.
5．The list of (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
6．It is claimed that the number of tigers in the forest is the decrease.
at
endangered
on
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．If the environment changes, this kind of species may .
2．The coast road is closed the bad weather.
3．Can you tell me who for this accident
be to blame， wipe out， die out， in short， be at risk， due to， depend on， take action， set up
die out
due to
is to blame
4．Your health if you don't stop smoking.
5．Can you her version of what happened
6．The government agreed to a committee of inquiry.
is at risk
depend on
set up
7． ,I like online reading more than paper reading.
8．We'll any enemy that dares to invade our territory.
9．We need more time to see how things develop before we .
In short
wipe out
take action
Ⅳ.完成句子
1． ,nobody but I doubted it.
虽然答案看起来有点奇怪，但除了我以外没有人怀疑它。
2． the drug does benefit some patients.
很明显，这种药物确实对一些病人有益。
Although the answer seemed a little strange
It is clear that
3． , you will be fined.
如果你违反规则将被罚款。
4． in recent years.
近几年发生了许多变化。
5．I'd like to know .
我想知道这些物种将要灭绝的速度。
If you break the rules
There have been many changes
the rate at which the species will die out
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not ① (usual) in our Earth's history. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times ② life on Earth has almost ended. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction and human activity will be ③ (blame).
unusual
when
to blame
It is clear that human activity has ④ (negative) affected all other species on Earth and the rate ⑤ which this is now happening is cause for concern. If a sixth mass ⑥ (extinct) occurs, we humans, who depend on so many species for our ⑦ (survive), would also be at risk of dying out. If we want to survive, we need to stop ⑧ (destroy) the planet where we live ⑨ start to take steps to save ⑩ (endanger) species.
negatively
at
extinction
survival
destroying
and
endangered
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
My 5-year-old daughter Kai walked around a bus stop, picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles and throwing them in the waste bin. We were a visiting family here, but she was cleaning the sidewalk, which didn't shock me, nor was I 1 when strangers looked at us.
Our cleanup project began when we drove past an empty field one day and Kai 2 the field was covered by 3 balloons. We had read about how animals could 4 balloons for food. “Stop，” Kai said, and I 5 . Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash 6 the balloons. “Can we come back and clean it？” Kai asked. Then each Friday, we returned to have a(n) 7 cleaning.
However, it seems we can never 8 the trash completely. I feel something close to 9 ！ Why are we making kids clean up our 10 ？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids. Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood. It is not a 11 story that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them.
Now Kai hopes to become a marine biologist to protect sharks one day. She still has many years to 12 ， if adults get serious about solving plastic pollution. We shouldn't leave our next generation a 13 planet and expect them to save it.
The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles. Most 14 ， though, we saw an octopus (章鱼) playing around our feet, a 15 of a harmonious habitat worth protecting.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿捡塑料垃圾的故事，号召人们停止使用塑料产品，以及参与到清理塑料的行动中来。
1．A.embarrassed B．discouraged
C．concerned D．frightened
解析：根据上文“which didn't shock me”以及该句中的“when strangers looked at us”可推知，作者看到女儿正在清理人行道，对于陌生人的注意，作者并不感到尴尬。
√
2．A.apologized B．confirmed
C．spotted D．explained
解析：根据上文“Our cleanup project began”以及该句中的“the field was covered by balloons”可推知，此处应表示作者的女儿发现空地上布满了废弃的气球，于是准备清理这些。
√
3．A.loose B．magic
C．processed D．abandoned
解析：根据上文“picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿清理废弃的气球。
√
4．A.trade B．mistake
C．replace D．change
解析：根据上文提到作者和女儿准备清理废弃的气球，以及该句中的“balloons for food”可知，此处应表示作者读过关于动物如何把气球误认为食物的书。
√
5．A.pulled over B．blew up
C．turned down D．gave in
解析：根据上文“when we drove past an empty field”和“Stop”可知，作者听到女儿说的话后，把车停在了路边。pull over“靠边停车”；blow up“炸毁”；turn down“拒绝”； give in“屈服，让步”。
√
6．A.due to B．ahead of
C．other than D．instead of
解析：根据上文“Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash”可知，此处应表示作者他们发现除了气球外，田野里到处都是垃圾。
√
7．A.official B．serious
C．optional D．regular
解析：根据该句中的“Then each Friday”可知，此处应表示作者他们会定期回来打扫卫生。
√
8．A.deliver B．remove
C．track D．produce
解析：根据上文提到的定期回来打扫卫生，以及该句中的“the trash completely”可知，此处应表示彻底清除垃圾。
√
9．A.stress B．comfort
C．anger D．pride
解析：根据下文“Why are we making kids clean up our ？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids.”可推知，作者对此现象是表示愤怒的。
√
10．A.mess B．platform
C．court D．house
解析：根据下文“Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood.”可知，此处应表示作者对于让孩子帮我们收拾残局这个事实感到不解。
√
11．A.scary B．pleasant
C．historic D．real
解析：根据下文“that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them”可知，此处应表示这不是一个令人愉快的故事。
√
12．A.decide B．struggle
C．survive D．contribute
解析：根据上下文可知，此处应表示如果成年人认真对待解决塑料污染问题，作者的女儿还有很多年的时间来决定是否要成为一名海洋生物学家。
√
13．A.safe B．giant
C．distant D．sick
解析：根据下文“and expect them to save it”可知，作者认为不应该给我们的下一代留下一个病态的星球。
√
14．A.personally B．memorably
C．technically D．universally
解析：根据上文“The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles.”以及该句中的though引出的转折和下文内容可知，此处应表示最令人难忘的一次经历。
√
15．A.promise B．threat
C．reminder D．favor
解析：根据句意以及该句中的“a harmonious habitat worth protecting”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿看到一只章鱼在他们的脚边玩耍，这提醒他们那是一个值得保护的和谐栖息地。
√UNIT 3 课时检测(三) “The Sixth Extinction”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This region is the home of many ____________ (物种) of wild flowers.
2．He ____________ (擦) his hands on a clean towel.
3．It's ____________ (不平常的) for the plants to flower so early.
4．Their latest product is aimed at the ____________ (大量的) market.
5．It is essential that your diet is ____________ (多种多样的) and balanced.
6．The number of new students ____________ (减少) from 210 to 160 this year.
7．Don't ____________ (责怪) me if you miss the bus!
8．Your opinion will not ____________ (影响) my decision.
9．Large homes should have __________ (太阳能的) collectors in their designs.
10．The measures are intended to ____________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's not ____________ (usual) for young doctors to work a 70 hour week.
2．During the cultural festival，you can enjoy or participate in ____________ (vary) of activities.
3．As far as I can judge, all of them are __________ (blame)．
4．It can be seen that certain groups are more ____________ risk than others.
5．The list of ____________ (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
6．It is claimed that the number of tigers in the forest is _____________the decrease.
Ⅲ.选词填空
be to blame， wipe out， die out， in short， be at risk， due to， depend on， take action， set up
1．If the environment changes, this kind of species may ________________.
2．The coast road is closed ________________ the bad weather.
3．Can you tell me who ________________ for this accident
4．Your health ________________ if you don't stop smoking.
5．Can you ________________ her version of what happened
6．The government agreed to ________________ a committee of inquiry.
7．________________， I like online reading more than paper reading.
8．We'll ________________ any enemy that dares to invade our territory.
9．We need more time to see how things develop before we ________________.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．__________________________________________， nobody but I doubted it.
虽然答案看起来有点奇怪，但除了我以外没有人怀疑它。
2．________________ the drug does benefit some patients.
很明显，这种药物确实对一些病人有益。
3．________________________________________________________________________, you will be fined.
如果你违反规则将被罚款。
4．________________________________________________________________________ in recent years.
近几年发生了许多变化。
5．I'd like to know _____________________________________________________.
我想知道这些物种将要灭绝的速度。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not ①____________ (usual) in our Earth's history. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times ②____________ life on Earth has almost ended. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction and human activity will be ③____________ (blame). It is clear that human activity has ④____________ (negative) affected all other species on Earth and the rate ⑤____________ which this is now happening is cause for concern. If a sixth mass ⑥____________ (extinct) occurs, we humans, who depend on so many species for our ⑦____________ (survive), would also be at risk of dying out. If we want to survive, we need to stop ⑧____________ (destroy) the planet where we live ⑨____________ start to take steps to save ⑩____________ (endanger) species.
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
My 5 year old daughter Kai walked around a bus stop, picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles and throwing them in the waste bin. We were a visiting family here, but she was cleaning the sidewalk, which didn't shock me, nor was I __1__ when strangers looked at us.
Our cleanup project began when we drove past an empty field one day and Kai __2__ the field was covered by __3__ balloons. We had read about how animals could __4__ balloons for food. “Stop，” Kai said, and I __5__. Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash __6__ the balloons. “Can we come back and clean it？” Kai asked. Then each Friday, we returned to have a(n) __7__ cleaning.
However, it seems we can never __8__ the trash completely. I feel something close to __9__！ Why are we making kids clean up our __10__？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids. Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood. It is not a __11__ story that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them.
Now Kai hopes to become a marine biologist to protect sharks one day. She still has many years to __12__， if adults get serious about solving plastic pollution. We shouldn't leave our next generation a __13__ planet and expect them to save it.
The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles. Most __14__， though, we saw an octopus (章鱼) playing around our feet, a __15__ of a harmonious habitat worth protecting.
1．A.embarrassed B．discouraged
C．concerned D．frightened
2．A.apologized B．confirmed
C．spotted D．explained
3．A.loose B．magic
C．processed D．abandoned
4．A.trade B．mistake
C．replace D．change
5．A.pulled over B．blew up
C．turned down D．gave in
6．A.due to B．ahead of
C．other than D．instead of
7．A.official B．serious
C．optional D．regular
8．A.deliver B．remove
C．track D．produce
9．A.stress B．comfort
C．anger D．pride
10．A.mess B．platform
C．court D．house
11．A.scary B．pleasant
C．historic D．real
12．A.decide B．struggle
C．survive D．contribute
13．A.safe B．giant
C．distant D．sick
14．A.personally B．memorably
C．technically D．universally
15．A.promise B．threat
C．reminder D．favor
UNIT 3 课时检测(三)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.species 2.wiped 3.unusual 4.mass 5.varied
6．decreased 7.blame 8.affect 9.solar 10.restore
Ⅱ.1.unusual 2.varieties 3.to blame 4.at 5.endangered 6.on
Ⅲ.1.die out 2.due to 3.is to blame 4.is at risk
5．depend on 6.set up 7.In short 8.wipe out 9.take action
Ⅳ.1.Although the answer seemed a little strange
2．It is clear that 3.If you break the rules
4．There have been many changes
5．the rate at which the species will die out
Ⅴ.①unusual ②when ③to blame ④negatively ⑤at
⑥extinction ⑦survival ⑧destroying ⑨and ⑩endangered
[语篇综合训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿捡塑料垃圾的故事，号召人们停止使用塑料产品，以及参与到清理塑料的行动中来。
1．选A 根据上文“which didn't shock me”以及该句中的“when strangers looked at us”可推知，作者看到女儿正在清理人行道，对于陌生人的注意，作者并不感到尴尬。
2．选C 根据上文“Our cleanup project began”以及该句中的“the field was covered by ________ balloons”可推知，此处应表示作者的女儿发现空地上布满了废弃的气球，于是准备清理这些。
3．选D 根据上文“picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿清理废弃的气球。
4．选B 根据上文提到作者和女儿准备清理废弃的气球，以及该句中的“balloons for food”可知，此处应表示作者读过关于动物如何把气球误认为食物的书。
5．选A 根据上文“when we drove past an empty field”和“Stop”可知，作者听到女儿说的话后，把车停在了路边。pull over“靠边停车”；blow up“炸毁”；turn down“拒绝”； give in“屈服，让步”。
6．选C 根据上文“Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash”可知，此处应表示作者他们发现除了气球外，田野里到处都是垃圾。
7．选D 根据该句中的“Then each Friday”可知，此处应表示作者他们会定期回来打扫卫生。
8．选B 根据上文提到的定期回来打扫卫生，以及该句中的“the trash completely”可知，此处应表示彻底清除垃圾。
9．选C 根据下文“Why are we making kids clean up our ______？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids.”可推知，作者对此现象是表示愤怒的。
10．选A 根据下文“Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood.”可知，此处应表示作者对于让孩子帮我们收拾残局这个事实感到不解。
11．选B 根据下文“that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them”可知，此处应表示这不是一个令人愉快的故事。
12．选A 根据上下文可知，此处应表示如果成年人认真对待解决塑料污染问题，作者的女儿还有很多年的时间来决定是否要成为一名海洋生物学家。
13．选D 根据下文“and expect them to save it”可知，作者认为不应该给我们的下一代留下一个病态的星球。
14．选B 根据上文“The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles.”以及该句中的though引出的转折和下文内容可知，此处应表示最令人难忘的一次经历。
15．选C 根据句意以及该句中的“a harmonious habitat worth protecting”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿看到一只章鱼在他们的脚边玩耍，这提醒他们那是一个值得保护的和谐栖息地。
