Unit 2 Grammar语法知识学案（含答案）2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Grammar
本单元的语法重点是现在完成时。
现在完成时(二)
1.现在完成时还有以下用法：
(1)表示某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在(本单元重点)。
I have worked as a teacher for a year now.
我当老师已经有一年了。
Jenny hasn't seen her sister since 2023.
珍妮从2023年就没见过她妹妹了。
(2)表示到目前为止量的积累。
I have saved 100,000 yuan.
我已经存了 10万元。
Jack has collected 200 stamps.
杰克已经搜集了200枚邮票。
2.表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
(1) for 和 since 引导的时间状语
for a long time for five years
since yesterday since three o’ clock
(2)对此类时间状语进行提问用 How long
How long have you been like this
你这样多久了
试比较以下句子：
Margie has bought the book.
玛吉已经买了这本书。
Margie has had the book for two days.
玛吉已经拥有这本书两天了。
通过上面两句话的比较，我们可以看出 buy(购买)是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，所以当我们要表示这本书已经买了两天的时候，要将非延续性动词改为延
续性动词,即 buy(购买)变为 have(持有)。
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化：
buy— have borrow/ lend— keep/ have
put on—— wear become—— be
die— be dead finish—— be over
leave— be away marry— be/ get married
go (to)/ come(to)/ arrive— be in/ at
3.在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需要使用不同的时态。
试比较以下句子：
I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.
去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。
I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.
迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。
I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.
下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。
根据每个句子中不同的时间状语我们可以看出，同样表示“在酒店住一周”，第一句讲述过去(last summer)发生的事,所以用一般过去时；第二句讲述到目前为止(now)发生的事，所以用现在完成时；第三句讲述计划(nextmonth)要去做的事，所以用一般将来时。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Time has (steal) our mother's youth and beauty.
2. Millions of people (lose) their jobs in the steel industry since 2000.
3. His grandfather has been (die) for five years.
4. For years, the team (create) many“firsts” in China's sporting history.
5. I feel very worried because my parents (not reply) to my last e-mail yet.
6 Cars (become) smarter and smarter over the past few years. Some of them can even drive themselves.
Ⅱ.按要求完成句子
1. Cindy has already studied dancing for 3 years.(改为否定句)
Cindy studied dancing for 3 years
2. The programme began an hour ago.(用 for an hour改写句子)
The programme for an hour.
3. Have you ever been to Yu Garden (根据句意回答)
No, I have to Yu Garden.
4. She has learned English for three years.(改为同义句)
She has learned English
5. Tom has had that camera since two years ago.(对画线部分提问)
has Tom had that camera
6. I bought this backpack five years ago.(改为同义句)
I this backpack since five years ago.
Ⅲ.单项选择
1. The environment in Gansu Province a lot in the past few years.
A. improved B. will improve
C. was improving D. has improved
2. Ever since then, she a popular reporter.
A. be B. is
C. was D. has been
3.—— It's not easy to be an excellent soccer player even when you over and over again.—I can't agree with you more.
A. practiced B. have practiced
C. will practice D. are practicing
4. Lisa has been an animal trainer nearly twenty years 2004.
A. since; for B. for; since
C. since; since D. for; for
5. Jim, turn off the TV. It for two hours.
A. began B. has begun
C. was on D. has been on
6. So far, Daniel 800 stamps in total.
A. has collected B. collects
C. collected D. will collect
7.— Where's Peter
— He Egypt. He has already there for two months.
A. has gone to; been
B. has been to; went
C. has gone to; gone
D. has been in; gone
Grammar
Ⅰ.1. stolen 2. have lost 3. dead
4. has created 5. haven't replied
6. have become
Ⅱ.1. hasn't; yet 2. has been on
3. never been 4. since three years ago
5. How long 6. have had
Ⅲ.1. D句意：甘肃省的环境在过去几年中有了很大的改善。根据 in the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时。
2. D句意：从那时起，她就是一位受欢迎的记者。根据 Ever since then 可知,此处强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，时态用现在完成时。
3. B句意：————即使你一遍又一遍地练习，要成为一名优秀的足球运动员也不容易。———我完全同意你的观点。根据 when you... over and overagain 可知，练习这个动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，用现在完成时。
4. B 句意:Lisa 从 2004年成为一名动物驯养员已经将近20年了。since自从，后跟时间点；for后跟时间段,表示持续了一段时间。 nearly twentyyears表示一段时间,第一空用介词 for;2004 为时间点，第二空用介词 since。
5. D句意：吉姆，关掉电视。它已经开了两个小时。begin开始; be on 在进行。根据 for two hours 可知，此处表示动作持续了一段时间，时态应为现在完成时，需用延续性动词。begin 是非延续性动词,be on 是延续性动词。
6. A句意：到目前为止，丹尼尔总共收集了800 张邮票。根据 So far 和800 stamps in total 可知,此处表示量的积累，用现在完成时。
7. A句意：————彼得在哪里 ————他去了埃及。他已经在那里两个月了。have gone to 去了某地(尚未回来); have been to 去过某地(已经回来); havebeen in 在某地; go 去; be在某地。根据 Where'sPeter 可知,询问 Peter 现在在哪儿,第一空表示他去了埃及还没有回来,用 has gone to;根据already可知，第二空表示他已经在埃及待了两个月，用延续性动词 been 表示持续的状态。