湖南省名校联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games.
Bowling It is an indoor game. The players take turns to roll a bowling ball towards 10 bowling pins (球瓶). Each player has two tries to knock down the pins. Points are scored according to the number of pins knocked down.
Mini golf It is an outdoor game. There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. Each player has seven chances to hit the ball into each hole. The times of hitting will be recorded. That is the score. The person with the lowest score wins.
Beach volleyball It is an outdoor game. The game is held on the sand. There are two players in each team. They stand on each side of the net. Who wins Usually, the first team with 21 points wins the game.
1．Which sport is an indoor game
A．Bowling. B．Mini golf. C．Beach volleyball.
2．How many holes are there in a mini golf course
A．Eight. B．Eighteen. C．Twenty-one.
3．Where does the passage probably come from
A．A travel guide. B．A sports magazine. C．A science book.
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；文娱体育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三种受年轻人欢迎的球类运动，分别是保龄球、迷你高尔夫和沙滩排球，并简述了每种运动的场地、规则和计分方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇运动类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据Bowling 部分中的"It is an indoor game."它是一项室内运动。可知，保龄球是一项室内运动，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Mini golf 部分中的"There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. "在一个迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。可知，迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games. "运动对我们的健康有益。如今，球类运动深受许多年轻人的喜爱。这里有三种游戏类型。可知本文介绍了三种球类运动，应该来自于运动杂志。故选B。
二、B
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症). Yang's mother, Su Jing, got ALS in 2010 and she couldn't do normal things easily. Because Yang's father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020.
Because of the disease, Yang's mother needs help with almost everything. She needs to be carried up and down the stairs. She also has difficulty speaking. She can still type on her mobile phone, but most of the time, she chooses to communicate with her son in another way.
"My mother and I use eye contact (接触) for most of our communication," Yang says. "For example, when she wants to sleep, she uses her eyes to show that she is tired, and she turns her head towards the bedroom. And when she needs water, she will look at the water cup on the table."
For many things, Yang has to be very careful, including helping her mother bathe and use the toilet. Though the work is difficult, Yang enjoys all the time he spends with his mother. He accompanies (陪伴) her every time she exercises. To make it more fun, he often sings to her.
Yang's love for his mother has touched many people. But Yang says it's only natural that he should take care of his mother. "My mother brought me up. I'm just doing what a son should do," he says.
4．When did Yang start taking care of his mother
A．When his mother got ALS in 2010.
B．When he was in college in 2020.
C．After finishing college in 2020.
5．How does Yang communicate with his mother most of the time
A．By using eye contact.
B．By writing on the paper.
C．By typing on her mobile phone.
6．What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage
A．To show readers how to fight against ALS.
B．To tell a story of a boy caring for his mother with ALS.
C．To call on readers to care more about people with ALS.
【答案】4．C
5．A
6．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，23岁的陕西宝鸡男孩杨志洋全职照顾患渐冻症的母亲，他细心照料母亲的日常生活，享受与母亲相处的时光，他认为照顾母亲是作为儿子应尽的本分，其孝心感动了很多人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Because Yang's father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020."因为父亲要长时间工作赚钱，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。可知，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"My mother and I use eye contact for most of our communication"我妈妈和我在大多数交流中都使用眼神交流。可知，杨和他的母亲大部分时间通过眼神交流。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症)."杨志阳是一个23岁的男孩，来自陕西省宝鸡市。为了照顾患有渐冻症的母亲，他全职工作，成为了年轻人的榜样。可知，本文的目的是讲述一个男孩照顾患有渐冻症的母亲的故事。故选B。
三、C
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）People have long been dreaming of living on Mars one day. But Mars doesn't have enough oxygen (氧气) for us to breathe! Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the "Machine Chemist" to find a way to make oxygen on Mars. Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy.
As we know, Mars has a little bit of water, and scientists have found a way to use sunlight to get oxygen from the water. But here's the difficult part: They needed a catalyst to speed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be expensive. That's why the "Machine Chemist", known as Xiao Lai, comes in.
Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments. It has read over 50,000 scientific papers before it found the perfect method for the catalyst. Can you imagine how many combinations (组合) scientists had to try More than 3.76 million! It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don't worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks!
The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space. This discovery is a huge deal because it means we can make oxygen on Mars without bringing everything from Earth.
7．Who worked with the scientists to find a way to make oxygen on Mars
A．A team of astronauts.
B．A robot called "Machine Chemist".
C．A group of engineers.
8．What does the underlined phrase speed up mean in Chinese
A．阻止 B．减缓 C．加快
9．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．The advantages of the robot Xiao Lai.
B．The disadvantages of the robot Xiao Lai.
C．The reason why scientists worked with the robot Xiao Lai.
10．Why are scientists excited about the breakthrough
A．Because it helps solve Earth's pollution problems.
B．Because it makes us travel faster to Mars.
C．Because it opens up new chances for exploring space.
【答案】7．B
8．C
9．A
10．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，中国科学家与名为"机器化学家"的机器人合作，找到了在火星上用更少能量更快制造氧气的催化剂，这一突破为太空探索开辟了新机遇，意味着人类无需从地球携带所有物资就能在火星制造氧气。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，科技类阅读，是一篇通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the "Machine Chemist" to find a way to make oxygen on Mars."幸运的是，一些来自中国的聪明科学家与一个名为"机器化学家"的机器人合作，找到了在火星上制造氧气的方法。可知，"机器化学家"和科学家们一起寻找在火星上制作氧气的方法，故选B。
8．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的"Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy."他们一起发现了一种催化剂，可以帮助用更少的能量更快地制造氧气。可知，催化剂可以帮助更快地制造氧气，可推知" But here's the difficult part: They needed a
catalyst tospeed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be
expensive. "意为：但困难的是：他们需要一种催化剂来加快这一过程，而将催化剂从地球带到火星将是昂贵的。可推知划线词speed up"加快"，故选C。
9．段落大意题。根据第三段中的"Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments" Xiao Lai 很聪明，会学习，会思考，会做实验；以及"It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don't worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks!"人类要花几千年的时间才能把它们全部测试出来，但不用担心——小来只用了6周就完成了这项工作。可知，本段主要讲化学机器人的优势，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space."科学家们对这一重大进展感到兴奋，因为它为探索太空开辟了新的机会。可知，科学家们感到兴奋是因为这一突破打开了新的探索太空的可能性，故选C。
四、阅读下面短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It's a time to focus on the importance of good oral health. 11． .
Why is oral health important
It's more than just about having a healthy mouth. Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌). 12． . And our mouth affects our confidence, too. Problems like bad breath or misaligned (不整的) teeth can make us want to avoid socializing.
What are some common oral problems faced by teenagers
13． . Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth. Then there's periodontitis (牙周炎), known as gum disease (牙龈疾病). It often happens when you don't take good care of your mouth and teeth. 14．
It's best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it's best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes. Because it can hurt your gums. Brush your teeth two to three times a day. The most important time is in the evening when you brush your teeth before bed.
Do I need to use dental floss (牙线) and mouth wash every day
For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough. 15． .
Mouthwash, on the other hand, shouldn't be used for a long time. Generally, it has some disinfectant (消毒剂) in it. Using it for a long time will hurt the natural balance of bacteria in your mouth and lead to gum problems.
A. If not, use dental floss daily.
B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health.
C. How many times a day should I brush
D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well.
E. Tooth decay is one oral problem.
【答案】11．B；12．D；13．E；14．C；15．A
【知识点】说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以3月20日世界口腔健康日为背景，阐述了口腔健康的重要性，介绍了青少年面临的常见口腔问题，并给出了关于刷牙频率、是否需要每天使用牙线和漱口水等口腔护理的建议。
【点评】考查五选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空前"March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It's a time to focus on the importance of good oral health."3月20日是世界口腔卫生日。这是一个关注良好口腔健康重要性的时刻。可知，此处应说明关于口腔健康的一些提示。 B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health. "青少年采访了一位牙医，和我们分享一些口腔健康的提示"承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
12．根据空前"Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌)."我们的口腔是食物进入的第一个地方，它有细菌。提到了"嘴里有细菌"，此处应该提到保持口腔清洁的重要性。 D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well. "保持我们的口腔清洁和健康，有助于我们的胃正常工作"承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
13．根据空后"Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth."它的症状是牙齿长黑斑，或者吃热的或冷的食物时牙齿疼痛。蛀牙会损害牙神经，影响牙齿的寿命。可知，本段在讨论常见的青少年的口腔问题， E. Tooth decay is one oral problem. "龋齿是一种口腔问题"符合语境，故选E。
14．根据空后"It's best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it's best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes."每次刷牙的时间最好是三到五分钟。但是刷牙最好不要超过5分钟。可知，本段主要在说"你应该一天刷几次牙？"的问题。 C. How many times a day should I brush "你应该一天刷几次牙？"适合作本段的标题。故选C。
15．根据空前"For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough."至于牙线，要看情况。如果你的牙齿很直，牙缝很少，每周用牙线清洁一次就足够了。可知此处应说明相反的情况，牙线的使用频率。A. If not, use dental floss daily."如果没有，就要每天使用牙线"承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）On my weekly math exam, I made a big mistake. It turned subtraction (减法) into addition (加法), which cost me as much as seven points. Of course, my math teacher wasn't 16． . Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates!
I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 17． that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my 18． . After that class, I was asked to the office. "I 19． be called for more criticism," I thought.
But to my 20． again, he said: "Do you get to know your mistake now Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident."
Next, he read both the question and the answer 21． , then asked again whether I had any problems. I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply 22． . He seemed so caring. My anger 23． .
But that wasn't the end of the story. In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. They are especially 24． for me. He told me to finish them and take it seriously.
In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets, for I once misunderstood him. I shall 25． him forever.
16．A．strict B．happy C．surprised
17．A．forgot B．expected C．meant
18．A．head B．back C．heart
19．A．should B．could C．must
20．A．joy B．surprise C．regret
21．A．confidently B．carefully C．successfully
22．A．touched B．hoped C．needed
23．A．gave away B．went away C．put away
24．A．checked B．managed C．designed
25．A．thank B．hate C．forget
【答案】16．B；17．B；18．C；19．C；20．B；21．B；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因数学考试中犯了一个小错误而受到老师的批评，从最初的愤怒和困惑到后来感受到老师的关心和善意，最终对老师心怀感激和敬意，体现了师生间由误解到理解的情感转变。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，情态动词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：当然，我的数学老师不高兴。A：strict"严格的"；B：happy"高兴的"；C：surprised"惊讶的 "。根据下文"Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates!"更糟糕的是，他当着我所有同学的面批评我！可知，老师批评了作者，所以老师不高兴。故选B。
17．句意：我知道我的数学老师很严格，但我从未想过有一天我会因为一个小错误而受到批评。A：forgot"忘记"；B：expected"期待"；C：meant" 意味着 "。根据空后"that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake"可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评。故选B。
18．句意：愤怒和困惑从我心里升起。A：head"头"；B：back"背"；C：heart" 心 "。根据上文"I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 2 that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my"可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，所以愤怒和困惑是作者内心的感受。故选C。
19．句意：我想："我肯定会受到更多的批评。"A：should"应该"；B：could"可能"；C：must"必须，肯定"。根据上文"I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 2 that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake."我知道我的数学老师很严格，但我从未想过有一天我会因为一个小错误而受到批评；以及"After that class, I was asked to the office."那节课结束后，我被叫到了办公室。可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，下课后，作者被叫到办公室，所以作者认为自己肯定会受到老师更多的批评。故选C。
20．句意：但让我再次惊讶的是，他说："你现在知道你的错误了吗？"A：joy"快乐"；B：surprise"惊讶"；C：regret" 后悔 "。根据空后"again, he said:‘Do you get to know your mistake now Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident.'"可知，作者本以为会受到更多的批评，但老师却开始询问他是否知道错误，所以作者感到惊讶。故选B。
21．句意：接下来，他认真地读了问题和答案，然后再次问我是否有任何问题。A：confidently"自信地"；B：carefully"仔细地"；C：successfully" 成功地 "。根据空前"Next, he read both the question and the answer"；以及空后"then asked again whether I had any problems"可知，老师为了弄清楚作者的问题，所以认真地读了问题和答案。故选B。
22．句意：在那一刻，我深深地感受到他是如此善良，以至于我深受感动。A：touched"感动"；B：hoped"希望"；C：needed"需要"。根据空前"I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply"可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以深受感动。故选A。
23．句意：我的愤怒消失了。A：gave away"赠送"；B：went away"离开"；C：put away" 放好"。根据上文"I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply 7 . He seemed so caring."我深深地感受到他是如此善良，以至于我深受感动。他看起来很关心人。可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以愤怒消失了。故选B。
24．句意：它们是专门为我设计的。A：checked"检查"；B：managed"管理"；C：designed" 设计 "。根据上文"In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. "下午，他又给我打了电话，并给了我一些试卷。可知，老师给作者的试卷是专门为他设计的。故选C。
25．句意：我永远都会感谢他。A：thank"感谢"；B：hate"憎恨"；C：forget" 忘记 "。根据空前"In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets"可知，作者对老师只有感谢和遗憾，作者永远都会感谢这位老师。故选 A。
六、第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fried Chop Rice Cake, also called lǘ dǎ gǔn in Chinese, is one of the most popular 26． (snack) in Beijing. It is a kind of cake that 27． (taste) sweet, soft and delicious. Why do Chinese people call it lǘ d gǔn Does its name have anything to do with donkeys (驴)
It 28． (say) that in the Qing Dynasty, Queen Cixi was tired of having the same kind of food every day. So, one day, she ordered a cook 29． (cook) something different. It was really difficult for the cook because he didn't know how to meet the needs of Cixi. After thinking 30． (careful), he made a new kind of cake by using rice powder (粉末) and red bean paste (馅).
However, a boy came to the kitchen 31． he dropped the cake into powder by accident. The cook was very worried because it was too late to make 32． new one. He had to take the cake to Queen Cixi nervously.
To his surprise, Cixi 33． (like) the cake very much. She asked the cook 34． the name of the cake. The cook had never thought about that. Suddenly, he thought of the name of the boy — "Xiao Lur". So he said that its name was lǘ dǎ gǔn.
Since then, lǘ d gǔn has become more and more popular for 35． (it) special taste and funny name. Would you like to try it
【答案】26．snacks；27．tastes；28．is said；29．to cook；30．carefully；31．and；32．a；33．liked；34．about；35．its
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北京的一种流行小吃驴打滚（Fried Chop Rice Cake，中文又称"驴打滚"），讲述了其起源故事，包括名字的由来以及它如何因独特的口味和有趣的名字而越来越受欢迎。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，时态，主谓一致，语态，非谓语动词，副词，连词，介词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
26．句意：驴打滚是北京最受欢迎的小吃之一。snack"小吃"，可数名词。one of后接名词复数形式，表示"最……的之一"，snack复数是snacks。故填snacks。
27．句意：它是一种尝起来香甜、柔软且美味可口的糕点。 taste "尝起来"，系动词。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，that引导定语从句，指代先行词a kind of cake，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，taste表示"尝起来"，为感官动词，用主动表被动。故填tastes。
28．句意：据说在清朝，慈禧太后厌倦了每天吃同样的食物。say"说"，动词。此处是固定句式It is said that..."据说……"，其中It为形式主语，与say"说"为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，用is said。故填is said。
29．句意：所以她命令厨师做一些不同的东西。cook"烹饪，烹调 "，动词。结合固定短语order sb. to do sth."命令某人做某事"，应用不定式to cook，作宾补。故填to cook。
30．句意：他仔细想了想后，用米粉和红豆沙做了一种新的糕点。careful"认真的，仔细的"，形容词。此处应用其副词carefully"仔细地"，修饰动词thinking，作状语。故填carefully。
31．句意：然而，一个男孩来到厨房，他不小心把蛋糕掉进了粉末里。前后两句是承接关系，所以此处用连词and连接。故填and。
32．句意：厨师非常担心，因为再做一个新的已经太晚了。此处泛指"一个新的"，且new以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
33．句意：令他惊讶的是，慈禧太后非常喜欢这个蛋糕。like"喜欢"，是谓语动词。此句描述过去的动作和状态，应用一般过去时，故填liked。
34．句意：她问厨师这个蛋糕的名字。ask sb. about sth.固定短语，"向某人询问某事"，故填about。
35．句意：从那时起，驴打滚因其特殊的味道和有趣的名字而越来越受欢迎。it"它"，人称代词。taste和name是名词，本空用形容词性物主代词its"它的"，作定语。故填its。
七、写作 第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Have you ever heard of the "cleaning monk(和尚)" in the Summer Palace He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video of his explanation became very popular on the Internet.
"One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book. It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up to them and offered to help." said Zhang Xu, "Besides cleaning, I also provide other services like giving directions, answering questions and offering explanations."
For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is special. As a child, he came here to play.张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。 Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace.
Zhang Xu says that he doesn't want to be an Internet celebrity (网红), but he wants to continue learning, working, and serving. He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture.
36．Is Zhang Xu really a monk
37．Why has Zhang Xu become an expert at the Summer Palace
38．What does he hope to become one day
39．One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book.（英译汉）
40．张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。（汉译英）
【答案】36．No./ No, he isn't.
37．Because he likes to read different books and search for information online.
38．A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator.
39．一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。
40．Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021.
【知识点】细节理解题；英译汉；汉译英；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了颐和园的清洁工张旭，他不仅负责清洁工作，还主动为游客提供指引、解答问题和讲解等服务，因其对颐和园的深入了解和热情讲解而在网络上走红。张旭希望通过不断学习和努力，成为一名专业的解说员，让更多人爱上颐和园并了解中国文化。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，英译汉和汉译英三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而做出正确答案。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace."他叫张旭，是个清洁工，对颐和园的古建筑非常熟悉。可知，张旭是清洁工不是和尚。故答案为：No./ No, he isn't.
37．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace."因为他喜欢阅读不同的书籍和在网上搜索信息，他已经成为了颐和园的专家。可知，他喜欢读不同的书和在网上搜索信息使得他成为颐和园的专家。故答案为：Because he likes to read different books and search for information online.
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture."他希望有一天能成为一名专业解说员，让更多的人爱上颐和园，了解中国文化。可知，他希望成为一名专业解说员。故答案为：A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator.
39．英译汉。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，从句叙述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。clean up为"打扫"的意思。主句为一般过去时，为see sb doin sth为"看到某人正在做某事"，reading a book为"读书"。故答案为：一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。
40．汉译英。陈述过去的动作为一般过去时。"开始做某事"为start/begin to do或者start/begin doing sth。"工作"为work；"在颐和园"为at the Summer Palace；"在2021年"为in 2021，作状语。故答案为：Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021.
八、第二节（共1小题，满分15分）
41．（2024高一上·湖南开学考）初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验，请你根据以下提示，以"Ways to Lower Stress"为主题写一篇演讲稿。
要点提示：
Ways to lower stress take up healthy hobbies
develop good sleeping habits
...
1.词数80词左右（短文的开头已给出，不计入词数）；
2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Dear classmates,
Good morning, everyone! I'm glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear classmates,
Good morning, everyone! I'm glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress.
First of all, it's a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies. It's a good way to make us relaxed. What's more, we are supposed to develop good sleeping habits. It gives us enough energy to finish all kinds of tasks during the day. Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot. It is healthy for our body and mind.
All in all, we should deal with stress wisely, bravely and actively. I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you! That's all. Thank you for your listening.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 以"Ways to Lower Stress"为主题写一篇演讲稿 。写作背景：初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验。写作要点以表格的形式写出，属于提纲类作文。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：First of all, it's a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies.运用了it作形式宾语； It's a good way to make us relaxed. 运用了it作形式主语； Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot. 运用了动名词短语作主语；I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you! 运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1湖南省名校联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解A
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games.
Bowling It is an indoor game. The players take turns to roll a bowling ball towards 10 bowling pins (球瓶). Each player has two tries to knock down the pins. Points are scored according to the number of pins knocked down.
Mini golf It is an outdoor game. There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. Each player has seven chances to hit the ball into each hole. The times of hitting will be recorded. That is the score. The person with the lowest score wins.
Beach volleyball It is an outdoor game. The game is held on the sand. There are two players in each team. They stand on each side of the net. Who wins Usually, the first team with 21 points wins the game.
1．Which sport is an indoor game
A．Bowling. B．Mini golf. C．Beach volleyball.
2．How many holes are there in a mini golf course
A．Eight. B．Eighteen. C．Twenty-one.
3．Where does the passage probably come from
A．A travel guide. B．A sports magazine. C．A science book.
二、B
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症). Yang's mother, Su Jing, got ALS in 2010 and she couldn't do normal things easily. Because Yang's father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020.
Because of the disease, Yang's mother needs help with almost everything. She needs to be carried up and down the stairs. She also has difficulty speaking. She can still type on her mobile phone, but most of the time, she chooses to communicate with her son in another way.
"My mother and I use eye contact (接触) for most of our communication," Yang says. "For example, when she wants to sleep, she uses her eyes to show that she is tired, and she turns her head towards the bedroom. And when she needs water, she will look at the water cup on the table."
For many things, Yang has to be very careful, including helping her mother bathe and use the toilet. Though the work is difficult, Yang enjoys all the time he spends with his mother. He accompanies (陪伴) her every time she exercises. To make it more fun, he often sings to her.
Yang's love for his mother has touched many people. But Yang says it's only natural that he should take care of his mother. "My mother brought me up. I'm just doing what a son should do," he says.
4．When did Yang start taking care of his mother
A．When his mother got ALS in 2010.
B．When he was in college in 2020.
C．After finishing college in 2020.
5．How does Yang communicate with his mother most of the time
A．By using eye contact.
B．By writing on the paper.
C．By typing on her mobile phone.
6．What is the purpose (目的) of writing this passage
A．To show readers how to fight against ALS.
B．To tell a story of a boy caring for his mother with ALS.
C．To call on readers to care more about people with ALS.
三、C
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）People have long been dreaming of living on Mars one day. But Mars doesn't have enough oxygen (氧气) for us to breathe! Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the "Machine Chemist" to find a way to make oxygen on Mars. Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy.
As we know, Mars has a little bit of water, and scientists have found a way to use sunlight to get oxygen from the water. But here's the difficult part: They needed a catalyst to speed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be expensive. That's why the "Machine Chemist", known as Xiao Lai, comes in.
Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments. It has read over 50,000 scientific papers before it found the perfect method for the catalyst. Can you imagine how many combinations (组合) scientists had to try More than 3.76 million! It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don't worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks!
The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space. This discovery is a huge deal because it means we can make oxygen on Mars without bringing everything from Earth.
7．Who worked with the scientists to find a way to make oxygen on Mars
A．A team of astronauts.
B．A robot called "Machine Chemist".
C．A group of engineers.
8．What does the underlined phrase speed up mean in Chinese
A．阻止 B．减缓 C．加快
9．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about
A．The advantages of the robot Xiao Lai.
B．The disadvantages of the robot Xiao Lai.
C．The reason why scientists worked with the robot Xiao Lai.
10．Why are scientists excited about the breakthrough
A．Because it helps solve Earth's pollution problems.
B．Because it makes us travel faster to Mars.
C．Because it opens up new chances for exploring space.
四、阅读下面短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It's a time to focus on the importance of good oral health. 11． .
Why is oral health important
It's more than just about having a healthy mouth. Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌). 12． . And our mouth affects our confidence, too. Problems like bad breath or misaligned (不整的) teeth can make us want to avoid socializing.
What are some common oral problems faced by teenagers
13． . Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth. Then there's periodontitis (牙周炎), known as gum disease (牙龈疾病). It often happens when you don't take good care of your mouth and teeth. 14．
It's best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it's best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes. Because it can hurt your gums. Brush your teeth two to three times a day. The most important time is in the evening when you brush your teeth before bed.
Do I need to use dental floss (牙线) and mouth wash every day
For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough. 15． .
Mouthwash, on the other hand, shouldn't be used for a long time. Generally, it has some disinfectant (消毒剂) in it. Using it for a long time will hurt the natural balance of bacteria in your mouth and lead to gum problems.
A. If not, use dental floss daily.
B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health.
C. How many times a day should I brush
D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well.
E. Tooth decay is one oral problem.
五、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）On my weekly math exam, I made a big mistake. It turned subtraction (减法) into addition (加法), which cost me as much as seven points. Of course, my math teacher wasn't 16． . Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates!
I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 17． that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my 18． . After that class, I was asked to the office. "I 19． be called for more criticism," I thought.
But to my 20． again, he said: "Do you get to know your mistake now Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident."
Next, he read both the question and the answer 21． , then asked again whether I had any problems. I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply 22． . He seemed so caring. My anger 23． .
But that wasn't the end of the story. In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. They are especially 24． for me. He told me to finish them and take it seriously.
In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets, for I once misunderstood him. I shall 25． him forever.
16．A．strict B．happy C．surprised
17．A．forgot B．expected C．meant
18．A．head B．back C．heart
19．A．should B．could C．must
20．A．joy B．surprise C．regret
21．A．confidently B．carefully C．successfully
22．A．touched B．hoped C．needed
23．A．gave away B．went away C．put away
24．A．checked B．managed C．designed
25．A．thank B．hate C．forget
六、第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fried Chop Rice Cake, also called lǘ dǎ gǔn in Chinese, is one of the most popular 26． (snack) in Beijing. It is a kind of cake that 27． (taste) sweet, soft and delicious. Why do Chinese people call it lǘ d gǔn Does its name have anything to do with donkeys (驴)
It 28． (say) that in the Qing Dynasty, Queen Cixi was tired of having the same kind of food every day. So, one day, she ordered a cook 29． (cook) something different. It was really difficult for the cook because he didn't know how to meet the needs of Cixi. After thinking 30． (careful), he made a new kind of cake by using rice powder (粉末) and red bean paste (馅).
However, a boy came to the kitchen 31． he dropped the cake into powder by accident. The cook was very worried because it was too late to make 32． new one. He had to take the cake to Queen Cixi nervously.
To his surprise, Cixi 33． (like) the cake very much. She asked the cook 34． the name of the cake. The cook had never thought about that. Suddenly, he thought of the name of the boy — "Xiao Lur". So he said that its name was lǘ dǎ gǔn.
Since then, lǘ d gǔn has become more and more popular for 35． (it) special taste and funny name. Would you like to try it
七、写作 第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2024高一上·湖南开学考）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Have you ever heard of the "cleaning monk(和尚)" in the Summer Palace He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video of his explanation became very popular on the Internet.
"One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book. It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up to them and offered to help." said Zhang Xu, "Besides cleaning, I also provide other services like giving directions, answering questions and offering explanations."
For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is special. As a child, he came here to play.张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。 Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace.
Zhang Xu says that he doesn't want to be an Internet celebrity (网红), but he wants to continue learning, working, and serving. He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture.
36．Is Zhang Xu really a monk
37．Why has Zhang Xu become an expert at the Summer Palace
38．What does he hope to become one day
39．One day, while I was cleaning up, I saw some tourists reading a book.（英译汉）
40．张旭于2021年开始在颐和园工作。（汉译英）
八、第二节（共1小题，满分15分）
41．（2024高一上·湖南开学考）初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验，请你根据以下提示，以"Ways to Lower Stress"为主题写一篇演讲稿。
要点提示：
Ways to lower stress take up healthy hobbies
develop good sleeping habits
...
1.词数80词左右（短文的开头已给出，不计入词数）；
2.文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Dear classmates,
Good morning, everyone! I'm glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress.
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答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；文娱体育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三种受年轻人欢迎的球类运动，分别是保龄球、迷你高尔夫和沙滩排球，并简述了每种运动的场地、规则和计分方式。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇运动类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．细节理解题。根据Bowling 部分中的"It is an indoor game."它是一项室内运动。可知，保龄球是一项室内运动，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Mini golf 部分中的"There are 18 holes in a mini golf course. "在一个迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。可知，迷你高尔夫球场上有18个洞。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Sports are good for our health. Nowadays ball games are popular with many young people. Here are three kinds of games. "运动对我们的健康有益。如今，球类运动深受许多年轻人的喜爱。这里有三种游戏类型。可知本文介绍了三种球类运动，应该来自于运动杂志。故选B。
【答案】4．C
5．A
6．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，23岁的陕西宝鸡男孩杨志洋全职照顾患渐冻症的母亲，他细心照料母亲的日常生活，享受与母亲相处的时光，他认为照顾母亲是作为儿子应尽的本分，其孝心感动了很多人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Because Yang's father had to work for long hours to make money, Yang started to take care of his mother after finishing college in 2020."因为父亲要长时间工作赚钱，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。可知，杨在2020年大学毕业后就开始照顾母亲。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"My mother and I use eye contact for most of our communication"我妈妈和我在大多数交流中都使用眼神交流。可知，杨和他的母亲大部分时间通过眼神交流。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Yang Zhiyang is a 23-year-old boy from Baoji, Shaanxi Province. He has become an example for young people as he works full-time to take care of his mother, who has ALS (渐冻症)."杨志阳是一个23岁的男孩，来自陕西省宝鸡市。为了照顾患有渐冻症的母亲，他全职工作，成为了年轻人的榜样。可知，本文的目的是讲述一个男孩照顾患有渐冻症的母亲的故事。故选B。
【答案】7．B
8．C
9．A
10．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，中国科学家与名为"机器化学家"的机器人合作，找到了在火星上用更少能量更快制造氧气的催化剂，这一突破为太空探索开辟了新机遇，意味着人类无需从地球携带所有物资就能在火星制造氧气。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，科技类阅读，是一篇通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Luckily, some smart scientists from China worked with a robot called the "Machine Chemist" to find a way to make oxygen on Mars."幸运的是，一些来自中国的聪明科学家与一个名为"机器化学家"的机器人合作，找到了在火星上制造氧气的方法。可知，"机器化学家"和科学家们一起寻找在火星上制作氧气的方法，故选B。
8．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的"Together, they found a catalyst (催化剂) that helps make oxygen faster with less energy."他们一起发现了一种催化剂，可以帮助用更少的能量更快地制造氧气。可知，催化剂可以帮助更快地制造氧气，可推知" But here's the difficult part: They needed a
catalyst tospeed up the process, and bringing the catalyst from Earth to Mars would be
expensive. "意为：但困难的是：他们需要一种催化剂来加快这一过程，而将催化剂从地球带到火星将是昂贵的。可推知划线词speed up"加快"，故选C。
9．段落大意题。根据第三段中的"Xiao Lai is smart and can learn, think, and do experiments" Xiao Lai 很聪明，会学习，会思考，会做实验；以及"It would have taken humans thousands of years to test them all, but don't worry — Xiao Lai did the job in six weeks!"人类要花几千年的时间才能把它们全部测试出来，但不用担心——小来只用了6周就完成了这项工作。可知，本段主要讲化学机器人的优势，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"The scientists are excited about this breakthrough (重大进展) because it opens up new chances for exploring (探索) space."科学家们对这一重大进展感到兴奋，因为它为探索太空开辟了新的机会。可知，科学家们感到兴奋是因为这一突破打开了新的探索太空的可能性，故选C。
【答案】11．B；12．D；13．E；14．C；15．A
【知识点】说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以3月20日世界口腔健康日为背景，阐述了口腔健康的重要性，介绍了青少年面临的常见口腔问题，并给出了关于刷牙频率、是否需要每天使用牙线和漱口水等口腔护理的建议。
【点评】考查五选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空前"March 20 is World Oral (口腔) Health Day. It's a time to focus on the importance of good oral health."3月20日是世界口腔卫生日。这是一个关注良好口腔健康重要性的时刻。可知，此处应说明关于口腔健康的一些提示。 B. Teens interviewed a dentist to share with us some tips on oral health. "青少年采访了一位牙医，和我们分享一些口腔健康的提示"承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
12．根据空前"Our mouth is the first place where food goes, and it holds bacteria (细菌)."我们的口腔是食物进入的第一个地方，它有细菌。提到了"嘴里有细菌"，此处应该提到保持口腔清洁的重要性。 D. Keeping our mouth clean and health y helps our stomach work well. "保持我们的口腔清洁和健康，有助于我们的胃正常工作"承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
13．根据空后"Signs of it are teeth with dark spots or teeth that hurt when eating hot or cold foods. Tooth decay (蛀牙) can harm the tooth nerve and the life of the tooth."它的症状是牙齿长黑斑，或者吃热的或冷的食物时牙齿疼痛。蛀牙会损害牙神经，影响牙齿的寿命。可知，本段在讨论常见的青少年的口腔问题， E. Tooth decay is one oral problem. "龋齿是一种口腔问题"符合语境，故选E。
14．根据空后"It's best to brush your teeth for three to five minutes at a time. But it's best not to brush your teeth for more than five minutes."每次刷牙的时间最好是三到五分钟。但是刷牙最好不要超过5分钟。可知，本段主要在说"你应该一天刷几次牙？"的问题。 C. How many times a day should I brush "你应该一天刷几次牙？"适合作本段的标题。故选C。
15．根据空前"For dental floss, it depends. If you have straight teeth with few gaps (缝隙), flossing once a week is enough."至于牙线，要看情况。如果你的牙齿很直，牙缝很少，每周用牙线清洁一次就足够了。可知此处应说明相反的情况，牙线的使用频率。A. If not, use dental floss daily."如果没有，就要每天使用牙线"承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【答案】16．B；17．B；18．C；19．C；20．B；21．B；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因数学考试中犯了一个小错误而受到老师的批评，从最初的愤怒和困惑到后来感受到老师的关心和善意，最终对老师心怀感激和敬意，体现了师生间由误解到理解的情感转变。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，情态动词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：当然，我的数学老师不高兴。A：strict"严格的"；B：happy"高兴的"；C：surprised"惊讶的 "。根据下文"Even worse, he criticized (批评) me in front of all my classmates!"更糟糕的是，他当着我所有同学的面批评我！可知，老师批评了作者，所以老师不高兴。故选B。
17．句意：我知道我的数学老师很严格，但我从未想过有一天我会因为一个小错误而受到批评。A：forgot"忘记"；B：expected"期待"；C：meant" 意味着 "。根据空后"that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake"可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评。故选B。
18．句意：愤怒和困惑从我心里升起。A：head"头"；B：back"背"；C：heart" 心 "。根据上文"I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 2 that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake. Anger, along with confusion (疑惑), rose from my"可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，所以愤怒和困惑是作者内心的感受。故选C。
19．句意：我想："我肯定会受到更多的批评。"A：should"应该"；B：could"可能"；C：must"必须，肯定"。根据上文"I know my math teacher is strict, but I never 2 that one day I would be criticized for a small mistake."我知道我的数学老师很严格，但我从未想过有一天我会因为一个小错误而受到批评；以及"After that class, I was asked to the office."那节课结束后，我被叫到了办公室。可知，作者没有预料到会因为一个小错误而受到批评，下课后，作者被叫到办公室，所以作者认为自己肯定会受到老师更多的批评。故选C。
20．句意：但让我再次惊讶的是，他说："你现在知道你的错误了吗？"A：joy"快乐"；B：surprise"惊讶"；C：regret" 后悔 "。根据空后"again, he said:‘Do you get to know your mistake now Because I believe a clever student like you would have never done that except by accident.'"可知，作者本以为会受到更多的批评，但老师却开始询问他是否知道错误，所以作者感到惊讶。故选B。
21．句意：接下来，他认真地读了问题和答案，然后再次问我是否有任何问题。A：confidently"自信地"；B：carefully"仔细地"；C：successfully" 成功地 "。根据空前"Next, he read both the question and the answer"；以及空后"then asked again whether I had any problems"可知，老师为了弄清楚作者的问题，所以认真地读了问题和答案。故选B。
22．句意：在那一刻，我深深地感受到他是如此善良，以至于我深受感动。A：touched"感动"；B：hoped"希望"；C：needed"需要"。根据空前"I had been told that teachers would never talk with one student face to face unless they really cared. At that moment, I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply"可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以深受感动。故选A。
23．句意：我的愤怒消失了。A：gave away"赠送"；B：went away"离开"；C：put away" 放好"。根据上文"I deeply felt he was so kind that I was deeply 7 . He seemed so caring."我深深地感受到他是如此善良，以至于我深受感动。他看起来很关心人。可知，作者感受到老师的善良，所以愤怒消失了。故选B。
24．句意：它们是专门为我设计的。A：checked"检查"；B：managed"管理"；C：designed" 设计 "。根据上文"In the afternoon, he called me again and gave me some papers. "下午，他又给我打了电话，并给了我一些试卷。可知，老师给作者的试卷是专门为他设计的。故选C。
25．句意：我永远都会感谢他。A：thank"感谢"；B：hate"憎恨"；C：forget" 忘记 "。根据空前"In my heart, I had nothing left to say, only feelings of thanks and regrets"可知，作者对老师只有感谢和遗憾，作者永远都会感谢这位老师。故选 A。
【答案】26．snacks；27．tastes；28．is said；29．to cook；30．carefully；31．and；32．a；33．liked；34．about；35．its
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北京的一种流行小吃驴打滚（Fried Chop Rice Cake，中文又称"驴打滚"），讲述了其起源故事，包括名字的由来以及它如何因独特的口味和有趣的名字而越来越受欢迎。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，时态，主谓一致，语态，非谓语动词，副词，连词，介词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
26．句意：驴打滚是北京最受欢迎的小吃之一。snack"小吃"，可数名词。one of后接名词复数形式，表示"最……的之一"，snack复数是snacks。故填snacks。
27．句意：它是一种尝起来香甜、柔软且美味可口的糕点。 taste "尝起来"，系动词。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，that引导定语从句，指代先行词a kind of cake，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，taste表示"尝起来"，为感官动词，用主动表被动。故填tastes。
28．句意：据说在清朝，慈禧太后厌倦了每天吃同样的食物。say"说"，动词。此处是固定句式It is said that..."据说……"，其中It为形式主语，与say"说"为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，用is said。故填is said。
29．句意：所以她命令厨师做一些不同的东西。cook"烹饪，烹调 "，动词。结合固定短语order sb. to do sth."命令某人做某事"，应用不定式to cook，作宾补。故填to cook。
30．句意：他仔细想了想后，用米粉和红豆沙做了一种新的糕点。careful"认真的，仔细的"，形容词。此处应用其副词carefully"仔细地"，修饰动词thinking，作状语。故填carefully。
31．句意：然而，一个男孩来到厨房，他不小心把蛋糕掉进了粉末里。前后两句是承接关系，所以此处用连词and连接。故填and。
32．句意：厨师非常担心，因为再做一个新的已经太晚了。此处泛指"一个新的"，且new以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
33．句意：令他惊讶的是，慈禧太后非常喜欢这个蛋糕。like"喜欢"，是谓语动词。此句描述过去的动作和状态，应用一般过去时，故填liked。
34．句意：她问厨师这个蛋糕的名字。ask sb. about sth.固定短语，"向某人询问某事"，故填about。
35．句意：从那时起，驴打滚因其特殊的味道和有趣的名字而越来越受欢迎。it"它"，人称代词。taste和name是名词，本空用形容词性物主代词its"它的"，作定语。故填its。
【答案】36．No./ No, he isn't.
37．Because he likes to read different books and search for information online.
38．A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator.
39．一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。
40．Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021.
【知识点】细节理解题；英译汉；汉译英；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了颐和园的清洁工张旭，他不仅负责清洁工作，还主动为游客提供指引、解答问题和讲解等服务，因其对颐和园的深入了解和热情讲解而在网络上走红。张旭希望通过不断学习和努力，成为一名专业的解说员，让更多人爱上颐和园并了解中国文化。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，英译汉和汉译英三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而做出正确答案。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"He is Zhang Xu, a cleaner, who is very familiar (熟悉的) with the ancient buildings of the Summer Palace."他叫张旭，是个清洁工，对颐和园的古建筑非常熟悉。可知，张旭是清洁工不是和尚。故答案为：No./ No, he isn't.
37．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Because he likes to read different books and search for information online, he has become an expert at the Summer Palace."因为他喜欢阅读不同的书籍和在网上搜索信息，他已经成为了颐和园的专家。可知，他喜欢读不同的书和在网上搜索信息使得他成为颐和园的专家。故答案为：Because he likes to read different books and search for information online.
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"He hopes to become a professional commentator (解说员) one day so that more people can fall in love with the Summer Palace and understand Chinese culture."他希望有一天能成为一名专业解说员，让更多的人爱上颐和园，了解中国文化。可知，他希望成为一名专业解说员。故答案为：A professional commentator./ He hopes to become a professional commentator.
39．英译汉。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，从句叙述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。clean up为"打扫"的意思。主句为一般过去时，为see sb doin sth为"看到某人正在做某事"，reading a book为"读书"。故答案为：一天，当我在打扫时，我看到一些游客正在阅读一本书。
40．汉译英。陈述过去的动作为一般过去时。"开始做某事"为start/begin to do或者start/begin doing sth。"工作"为work；"在颐和园"为at the Summer Palace；"在2021年"为in 2021，作状语。故答案为：Zhang Xu started/ began to work at the Summer Palace in 2021./ Zhang Xu started/ began working at the Summer Palace in 2021.
41．【答案】Dear classmates,
Good morning, everyone! I'm glad to give you some advice on how to lower stress.
First of all, it's a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies. It's a good way to make us relaxed. What's more, we are supposed to develop good sleeping habits. It gives us enough energy to finish all kinds of tasks during the day. Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot. It is healthy for our body and mind.
All in all, we should deal with stress wisely, bravely and actively. I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you! That's all. Thank you for your listening.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 以"Ways to Lower Stress"为主题写一篇演讲稿 。写作背景：初三的学生面临各种压力，为了帮助同学们缓解压力，你们班打算举办一次主题班会，邀请你在班会上分享经验。写作要点以表格的形式写出，属于提纲类作文。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：First of all, it's a good idea to take up some hobbies such as listening to light music and watching some funny movies.运用了it作形式宾语； It's a good way to make us relaxed. 运用了it作形式主语； Last but not least, taking exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and other activities can help a lot. 运用了动名词短语作主语；I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you! 运用了宾语从句。
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