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Section 4 Focus on Language：The Perfect
课时目标
1.能够在语境中掌握各种完成时态的构成及用法。
2.能够运用完成时态表述自己对事物的观点，以达到学以致用的效果。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
It is the worst day that I ①have ever experienced.I ②had been dreaming for the whole night.My alarm clock didn't go off that morning.When I got up, it was 7：30! I was about to be late! After I ③had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly, I took up my schoolbag and rushed out of the door.Before I arrived at the bus stop, the bus ④had already left, so I had to rush to school by myself!
By the time I went into the classroom, my teacher ⑤had stood in the front of the classroom.She looked at me angrily and asked for my homework.I was so sad because I ⑥had left it at home! Then, the teacher punished me.,
①处使用了现在完成时；
②处使用了过去完成进行时；
③④⑤⑥处使用了过去完成时。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、现在完成时
1．构成：have/has＋done。
2．用法：
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，常被just、 already、 yet、 so far、 never、 recently/lately等副词修饰。
Have you heard from your brother recently
你最近收到你兄弟的来信了吗？
(2)表示发生在过去，从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常带有for和since以及in the past/last few years、 over the past years等表示一段时间的状语。
And I have been a broadcaster in the school's broadcasting station for years.
我在学校广播站担任广播员已经很多年了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为“……过”，常带有twice、 ever、 never、 once、 before、 three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.
我已经去过北京两次了。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时：
①It has been＋一段时间＋since从句；
②This/That/It is the first/second ...time that＋现在完成时；
③This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting ...＋that＋现在完成时。
This is the first time that Jack has won the first prize in the competition.
这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得第一名。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
我一写完信就会寄出的。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
②(2024·浙江1月高考)As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies ____________ (spend) about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.
③(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
④(2022·浙江1月高考)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — ____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
⑤I'm awfully sorry that I ________________________________________________ for you.
非常抱歉，我没能为你提出有用的建议。
⑥What I have seen today ______________________________________.
今天我所见到的给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
二、过去完成时
1．构成：had＋done。
2．用法：
(1)表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”，可以用by、 before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句，也可用一个表示过去的动作以及通过上下文来表示。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产出两万辆车了。
By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
我赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。
(2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即hoped/planned ...＋to have done。
We had planned to finish the work before dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作，但是被大雨耽搁了。
(3)过去完成时常用于某些固定句型：
①主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时； hardly、 scarcely、 no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
②It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
③It was the first/second/ ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I ____________ (assume) that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
②By the time we got home, the man ______ (leave) with a note on the door, saying “I'll come tomorrow.”
③It was the first time in a year and a half that I ____________ (see) my parents.
④During her stay in Hangzhou, Jenny tried almost all the local foods her friends ______________________ (recommend)．
⑤I ______________________ when he called.
他打来电话时，我已经学习两个小时了。
三、现在完成进行时
1．构成：have/has＋been＋doing。
2．用法：
(1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。这种时态多用延续性动词，表示这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。
—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.
——托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？
——在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。
How long have you been living here
你住在这儿多久了？(动作可能会继续下去)
Have you been waiting long for me
你等我很久了吗？(动作不再继续)
(2)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复，这时现在完成进行时可用非延续性动词。
I have been ringing you several times in two days.
两天内我给你打过几次电话。
You have been saying you can succeed for three years.
三年来你一直在说你能成功。
(3)现在完成进行时有时可指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，此时往往暗示这个动作对现在的影响，和现在的情况有联系，常含有一种因果关系。
I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball.
我有些累，因为我一直在打篮球。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, ______________________ (address) public meetings on this issue for years.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I ____________ (help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
③(2021·全国乙卷)People ____________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
④I ________________________________ for weeks — where did you find it
我找那块表好几个星期了——你在哪儿找到的？
四、过去完成进行时
1．构成：had＋been＋doing。
2．用法：
表示一直持续到过去某一时间的动作，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。过去完成进行时必须以一个过去时间为前提。
He had been working in a factory before he came to Beijing.
他来北京之前一直在工厂上班。
She had been living here before she went to Shanghai.
她去上海之前一直住在这里。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Mr Smith gave her one of the pills that he ________________________ (take) for stomachache or something like that.
②They ______________________ (arrange) jewellery since eight o'clock and had only just finished when some visitors arrived.
③When Mike paid a brief visit to me yesterday afternoon, I ____________________ for hours.
昨天下午迈克来短暂拜访我的时候，我已经写了几个小时的影评了。
五、注意几组时态的区别
(1)现在完成时与一般过去时：
①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago、 last year、 just now、 the other day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。
②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：
过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”，如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则用一般过去时即可。
(3)现在完成时与现在完成进行时：
①现在完成时表示动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在的影响和产生的结果；现在完成进行时则更强调动作持续的长久性。
[名师点津] 状态动词、知觉动词和情感动词，如see、 feel、 know、 love等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
I have been knowing her for a long time.(×)
I have known her for a long time.(√)
我认识她很久了。
②现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作；现在完成进行时可以表示反复的、不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体次数的词连用。
I've been reading this book three times.(×)
I've read this book three times.(√)
我已经读过这本书3遍了。
(4)过去完成时与现在完成时：
二者所表示的动作均始于过去。现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。若动作截止到现在，用现在完成时；若截止到过去某时，用过去完成时。
根据提示完成短文
I was reading today when I found it was snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn ①________________________________ (已经被父亲打扫了)．I closed the book that I ②________________________________ (从当地图书馆借的)and went downstairs for breakfast, which ③____________________ (已经准备好了) on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he ④________________________________ (已经做完了所有的作业) and he had a very nice dream the night before.We ⑤______________ (谈论了他的梦) and the stories of my book.During the breakfast, one of my best friends came to visit my family.She said that she would go to Australia for further study.I know she ⑥______________________________ (一直期待这个机会) for a long time.During her study, she will gain the culture and professional knowledge in her field.I was so proud of her that we talked all day long.
Section 4 Focus on Language：The Perfect
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①have started ②have spent ③has walked
④have promised
⑤haven't come up with a useful suggestion
⑥has made a very deep impression on me
二、[对点练] ①had assumed ②had left ③had seen
④had recommended ⑤had studied for 2 hours
三、[对点练] ①has been addressing ②have been helping
③have been pouring ④have been looking for the watch
四、[对点练] ①had been taking ②had been arranging
③had been writing a film review
[语境综合应用]
①had been cleaned by my father
②had borrowed from the local library
③had been prepared well
④had finished all his homework
⑤talked about his dream
⑥has been longing for the opportunity(共69张PPT)
Section 4 Focus on Language:
The Perfect
课时目标
1.能够在语境中掌握各种完成时态的构成及用法。
2.能够运用完成时态表述自己对事物的观点，以达到学以致用的效果。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
It is the worst day that I ①have ever experienced.I ②had been dreaming for the whole night.My alarm clock didn't go off that morning. When I got up, it was 7：30! I was about to be late! After I ③had brushed my teeth and washed my face quickly, I took up my schoolbag and rushed out of the door.Before I arrived at the bus stop, the bus ④had already left, so I had to rush to school by myself!
By the time I went into the classroom, my teacher ⑤had stood in the front of the classroom.She looked at me angrily and asked for my homework.I was so sad because I ⑥had left it at home! Then, the teacher punished me.
①处使用了现在完成时；
②处使用了过去完成进行时；
③④⑤⑥处使用了过去完成时。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、现在完成时
1．构成：have/has＋done。
2．用法：
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，常被just、 already、 yet、 so far、 never、 recently/lately等副词修饰。
Have you heard from your brother recently
你最近收到你兄弟的来信了吗？
(2)表示发生在过去，从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常带有for和since以及in the past/last few years、 over the past years等表示一段时间的状语。
And I have been a broadcaster in the school's broadcasting station for years.
我在学校广播站担任广播员已经很多年了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为“……过”，常带有twice、 ever、 never、 once、 before、 three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.
我已经去过北京两次了。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时：
①It has been＋一段时间＋since从句；
②This/That/It is the first/second ...time that＋现在完成时；
③This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting ...＋that＋现在完成时。
This is the first time that Jack has won the first prize in the competition.
这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得第一名。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
我一写完信就会寄出的。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
②(2024·浙江1月高考)As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies __________ (spend) about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.
have started
have spent
③(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
④(2022·浙江1月高考)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — ______________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
has walked
have promised
⑤I'm awfully sorry that I ___________________________________ for you.
非常抱歉，我没能为你提出有用的建议。
⑥What I have seen today ___________________________________.
今天我所见到的给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
haven't come up with a useful suggestion
has made a very deep impression on me
二、过去完成时
1．构成：had＋done。
2．用法：
(1)表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”，可以用by、 before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句，也可用一个表示过去的动作以及通过上下文来表示。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产出两万辆车了。
By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
我赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。
(2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即hoped/planned ...＋to have done。
We had planned to finish the work before dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作，但是被大雨耽搁了。
(3)过去完成时常用于某些固定句型：
①主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时； hardly、 scarcely、 no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
②It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
③It was the first/second/ ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I ____________ (assume) that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
②By the time we got home, the man ________ (leave) with a note on the door, saying “I'll come tomorrow.”
had assumed
had left
③It was the first time in a year and a half that I _________ (see) my parents.
④During her stay in Hangzhou, Jenny tried almost all the local foods her friends __________________ (recommend)．
⑤I _____________________ when he called.
他打来电话时，我已经学习两个小时了。
had seen
had recommended
had studied for 2 hours
三、现在完成进行时
1．构成：have/has＋been＋doing。
2．用法：
(1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。这种时态多用延续性动词，表示这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。
—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.
——托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？
——在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。
How long have you been living here
你住在这儿多久了？(动作可能会继续下去)
Have you been waiting long for me
你等我很久了吗？(动作不再继续)
(2)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复，这时现在完成进行时可用非延续性动词。
I have been ringing you several times in two days.
两天内我给你打过几次电话。
You have been saying you can succeed for three years.
三年来你一直在说你能成功。
(3)现在完成进行时有时可指“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作，此时往往暗示这个动作对现在的影响，和现在的情况有联系，常含有一种因果关系。
I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball.
我有些累，因为我一直在打篮球。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, ___________________ (address) public meetings on this issue for years.
②(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I _________________ (help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
has been addressing
have been helping
③(2021·全国乙卷)People ________________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
④I ____________________________ for weeks — where did you find it
我找那块表好几个星期了——你在哪儿找到的？
have been pouring
have been looking for the watch
四、过去完成进行时
1．构成：had＋been＋doing。
2．用法：
表示一直持续到过去某一时间的动作，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。过去完成进行时必须以一个过去时间为前提。
He had been working in a factory before he came to Beijing.
他来北京之前一直在工厂上班。
She had been living here before she went to Shanghai.
她去上海之前一直住在这里。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Mr Smith gave her one of the pills that he ______________ (take) for stomachache or something like that.
②They _________________ (arrange) jewellery since eight o'clock and had only just finished when some visitors arrived.
had been taking
had been arranging
③When Mike paid a brief visit to me yesterday afternoon, I ___________________________ for hours.
昨天下午迈克来短暂拜访我的时候，我已经写了几个小时的影评了。
had been writing a film review
五、注意几组时态的区别
(1)现在完成时与一般过去时：
①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago、 last year、 just now、 the other day等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。
②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：
过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”，如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式则用一般过去时即可。
(3)现在完成时与现在完成进行时：
①现在完成时表示动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在的影响和产生的结果；现在完成进行时则更强调动作持续的长久性。
[名师点津] 状态动词、知觉动词和情感动词，如see、 feel、 know、 love等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
I have been knowing her for a long time.(×)
I have known her for a long time.(√)
我认识她很久了。
②现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作；现在完成进行时可以表示反复的、不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体次数的词连用。
I've been reading this book three times.(×)
I've read this book three times.(√)
我已经读过这本书3遍了。
(4)过去完成时与现在完成时：
二者所表示的动作均始于过去。现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。若动作截止到现在，用现在完成时；若截止到过去某时，用过去完成时。
根据提示完成短文
I was reading today when I found it was snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn ①___________________
____________ (已经被父亲打扫了)．I closed the book that I ②____
_______________________________ (从当地图书馆借的)and went downstairs for breakfast, which ③_____________________ (已经准备好了) on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he
had been cleaned by
my father
had
borrowed from the local library
had been prepared well
④__________________________ (已经做完了所有的作业) and he had a very nice dream the night before.We ⑤_____________________ (谈论了他的梦) and the stories of my book.During the breakfast, one of my best friends came to visit my family.She said that she would go to Australia for further study.I know she ⑥________________________________ (一直期待这个机会) for a long time.During her study, she will gain the culture and professional knowledge in her field.I was so proud of her that we talked all day long.
had finished all his homework
talked about his dream
has been longing for the opportunity
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In the past few months, the man ____________________ (concentrate) all his efforts on finding a solution to the problem.
2．I ___________ (give) her piano lessons since she was four years old.
3．In the last few years, many high-speed rail systems _________
_____ (build) in China.
has been concentrating
have given
have been
built
4．That was the second time that I __________ (lose) my mobile phone.
5．He is the most careful boy that I ____________ (know)．
6．For the past few months, we ____________________ (interview) and filming young players about their interest in basketball.
had lost
have known
have been interviewing
7．This is the third time that he ________ (set) off for America for further study.
8．By the time he was twelve years old, he ________ (set) up a chemistry lab of his own.
has set
had set
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The number _________ from less than 10% to more than 40%.
数量已经从少于10%上涨到超过40%。
2．We ____________________________________ at 9 o'clock, but we didn't because of the traffic jam.
我们本打算9点钟到达目的地，但因为交通堵塞，我们没有到达。
has risen
had intended to arrive at our destination
3．We _______________________________ for four hours.Let's have a rest.
我们已经在这个项目上连续工作四个小时了。 让我们休息一下。
4．The teacher told us that he _________________________ since he came here.
老师告诉我们自从他来到这里就一直教英语。
have been working on this project
had been teaching English
5．I ________________________ for half an hour but you didn't appear at all.
我一直等了你半个小时，但是你却根本没有出现。
had been waiting for you
Ⅲ.句式升级/句型转换
1．The government came to power two years ago.(同义句转换)
→_______________________________ for two years.
2．The heavy snow fell for three days.The fields were all white.(合并为并列句)
The heavy snow had been falling for three days, so the fields were all white.
The government has been in power
→
3．I learnt English for three years.And then I went to London.(用before及完成时态合并句子)
I had been learning English for three years before I went to London.
→
4．They lived in that city for ten years.They had to leave there last month.(合并为并列句)
They had been living in that city for ten years but they had to leave there last month.
→
5．I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.
→Hardly _________________________________.
6．He had no sooner arrived than she went away.
→No sooner ________________________________.
had I seen her when I got off the bus
had he arrived than she went away
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Yang Xingyu, 23, took a liking to fried insects the first time she ate them while touring Lijiang, Yunnan Province.“I ate fried locusts (蝗虫) and silkworm chrysalises (蚕蛹)．Although they looked a little strange, they were crisp.Due to the protein they provide, I now eat them for nutrition，” she said to China Daily.
Like Yang, about two billion people around the world have added eatable insects such as beetles, caterpillars and bees into their diets, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)．They can be fried, baked, braised with soup, mixed with dessert, or even eaten raw.
The reason why the global interest in eatable insects has increased is that it is imperative to develop new food sources that are safe to eat, according to Huang Dawei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Zoology.A UN report in July showed the global population is expected to rise to 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and about 10.4 billion by the 2080s.Huang said that the global population is rising much faster than the availability of food.As such, developing new food sources — especially sources of protein — is extremely urgent.
Insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, which are all good for human bodies.In addition to their nutritional value, raising and eating insects is also friendly toward the environment and ecological conservation.Compared with traditional food sources such as farm animals, insect farming needs less land and water for production.Plus, insect farming releases less greenhouse gases.For example, pigs produce 10 to 100 times more greenhouse gases per kilogram than mealworms.
Even so, Guo Jianjun, professor at Guizhou University, warns that not all insects can be eaten, adding that some are poisonous, and that some people may even be allergic to insect protein.Knowing this, it would be best for would-be eaters of insects to first learn about the features of insects and make sure they are eatable before eating them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一个新的饮食流行趋势——吃昆虫。
1．What makes Yang want to eat insects
A．Their taste. B．Their appearance.
C．Their nutritional value. D．Their cooking methods.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Due to the protein they provide, I now eat them for nutrition”可知，她吃昆虫是为了获取营养。
√
2．What does the underlined word “imperative” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．General. B．Potential.
C．Reduced. D．Pressing.
√
解析：词义猜测题。分析前后文语境可知，“imperative”所在的句子为段落主题句，且最后一句“As such, developing new food sources — especially sources of protein — is extremely urgent.”对该主题句进行了呼应，由此可推知，“imperative”与D项“Pressing (紧迫的，迫切的)”含义一致。
3．What is a benefit of raising insects compared with farm animals
A．It provides more jobs.
B．It produces less pollution.
C．It generates more profits.
D．It takes less space and time.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Compared with traditional food sources such as farm animals, insect farming needs less land and water for production.Plus, insect farming releases less greenhouse gases.”可知，昆虫养殖需要更少的土地和水，释放更少的温室气体，故昆虫饲养的好处是污染少。
4．Which of the following would Guo most probably agree with
A．Only a few insects are eatable.
B．It is never wise to eat insects.
C．Be cautious about eating insects.
D．Eating insects does more good than harm.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，郭建军教授警告并不是所有昆虫都可以食用，吃昆虫之前要了解昆虫的特点，确保它们是可食用的。由此可推知，他会赞同谨慎食用昆虫。
Ⅴ.语法填空
Huang Danian, the renowned Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi.As a keen and 1 (knowledge) student, Huang went to the UK in 1993 to further his studies.By the time he came back to China in 2008, he 2 (work) in the UK for 15 years.He had a good life there, but he gave it all up to return to China, driven by the idea 3 he needed to contribute to his country.As one of the world's leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was approached 4 (participate) in the “Thousand Talent” programme.
Huang took up a position at Jilin University, working day and night 5 paying enough attention to his family and his own health.His passion and drive enabled him to excel 6 he was working and bring China's knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world's 7 (fine)．Huang's 8 (devote) contributed to China's lunar probe (月球探测器) Yutu 9 (land) on the moon in 2013 and the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 in 2016.
Sadly, Huang died of cancer in January 2017, aged just 58.More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate 10 life that burned so short, but was so bright.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国著名地球物理学家黄大年短暂却光辉的一生。
1．knowledgeable 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词student，故用形容词knowledgeable。
2．had been working/had worked 考查时态。By the time后接一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。
3．that 考查连接词。idea后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，连接词应用that。
4．to participate 考查非谓语动词。be approached to do sth.“受邀做某事”，为固定用法。
5．without 考查介词。根据句意可知，空处表示“没有”，故填介词without。
6．where 考查连接词。excel后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，从句中缺少表示地点的连接词，故填where。
7．finest 考查形容词最高级。根据“the world's”和句意可知，空处用最高级finest。
8．devotion 考查名词。根据空前的“Huang's”可知，此处应用名词devotion作主语，且其是不可数名词，故填devotion。
9．being landed/landing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处需填动名词，与前面China's lunar probe Yutu一起构成动名词的复合结构，作contribute to的宾语。land可作及物动词，意为“使着陆”，故填being landed；也可作不及物动词，意为“着陆”，故填landing。
10．his/a 考查代词或冠词。根据句意“his funeral”可知，缅怀的是他的一生，所以可以填代词his；也可以表述为：800多人参加了他的葬礼，缅怀一个如此短暂却又光辉的一生，这时可以填冠词，又因life以辅音音素开头，故填a。1 / 3
UNIT 9 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：The Perfect
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In the past few months, the man ____________ (concentrate) all his efforts on finding a solution to the problem.
2．I ____________ (give) her piano lessons since she was four years old.
3．In the last few years, many high speed rail systems ____________ (build) in China.
4．That was the second time that I ____________ (lose) my mobile phone.
5．He is the most careful boy that I ____________ (know)．
6．For the past few months, we ____________ (interview) and filming young players about their interest in basketball.
7．This is the third time that he ____________ (set) off for America for further study.
8．By the time he was twelve years old, he ________ (set) up a chemistry lab of his own.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The number ____________________ from less than 10% to more than 40%.
数量已经从少于10%上涨到超过40%。
2．We ______________________________________ at 9 o'clock, but we didn't because of the traffic jam.
我们本打算9点钟到达目的地，但因为交通堵塞，我们没有到达。
3．We ______________________________ for four hours.Let's have a rest.
我们已经在这个项目上连续工作四个小时了。 让我们休息一下。
4．The teacher told us that he __________________________________ since he came here.
老师告诉我们自从他来到这里就一直教英语。
5．I ____________________________ for half an hour but you didn't appear at all.
我一直等了你半个小时，但是你却根本没有出现。
Ⅲ.句式升级/句型转换
1．The government came to power two years ago.(同义句转换)
→____________________________ for two years.
2．The heavy snow fell for three days.The fields were all white.(合并为并列句)
→_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3．I learnt English for three years.And then I went to London.(用before及完成时态合并句子)
→_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4．They lived in that city for ten years.They had to leave there last month.(合并为并列句)
→_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5．I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.
→Hardly ________________________________.
6．He had no sooner arrived than she went away.
→No sooner __________________________________________________________.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Yang Xingyu, 23, took a liking to fried insects the first time she ate them while touring Lijiang, Yunnan Province.“I ate fried locusts (蝗虫) and silkworm chrysalises (蚕蛹)．Although they looked a little strange, they were crisp.Due to the protein they provide, I now eat them for nutrition，” she said to China Daily.
Like Yang, about two billion people around the world have added eatable insects such as beetles, caterpillars and bees into their diets, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)．They can be fried, baked, braised with soup, mixed with dessert, or even eaten raw.
The reason why the global interest in eatable insects has increased is that it is imperative to develop new food sources that are safe to eat, according to Huang Dawei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Zoology.A UN report in July showed the global population is expected to rise to 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and about 10.4 billion by the 2080s.Huang said that the global population is rising much faster than the availability of food.As such, developing new food sources — especially sources of protein — is extremely urgent.
Insects are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, which are all good for human bodies.In addition to their nutritional value, raising and eating insects is also friendly toward the environment and ecological conservation.Compared with traditional food sources such as farm animals, insect farming needs less land and water for production.Plus, insect farming releases less greenhouse gases.For example, pigs produce 10 to 100 times more greenhouse gases per kilogram than mealworms.
Even so, Guo Jianjun, professor at Guizhou University, warns that not all insects can be eaten, adding that some are poisonous, and that some people may even be allergic to insect protein.Knowing this, it would be best for would be eaters of insects to first learn about the features of insects and make sure they are eatable before eating them.
1．What makes Yang want to eat insects
A．Their taste.
B．Their appearance.
C．Their nutritional value.
D．Their cooking methods.
2．What does the underlined word “imperative” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．General. B．Potential.
C．Reduced. D．Pressing.
3．What is a benefit of raising insects compared with farm animals
A．It provides more jobs.
B．It produces less pollution.
C．It generates more profits.
D．It takes less space and time.
4．Which of the following would Guo most probably agree with
A．Only a few insects are eatable.
B．It is never wise to eat insects.
C．Be cautious about eating insects.
D．Eating insects does more good than harm.
Ⅴ.语法填空
Huang Danian, the renowned Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi.As a keen and __1__ (knowledge) student, Huang went to the UK in 1993 to further his studies.By the time he came back to China in 2008, he __2__ (work) in the UK for 15 years.He had a good life there, but he gave it all up to return to China, driven by the idea __3__ he needed to contribute to his country.As one of the world's leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was approached __4__ (participate) in the “Thousand Talent” programme.
Huang took up a position at Jilin University, working day and night __5__ paying enough attention to his family and his own health.His passion and drive enabled him to excel__6__ he was working and bring China's knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world's __7__ (fine)．Huang's __8__(devote) contributed to China's lunar probe (月球探测器) Yutu__9__ (land) on the moon in 2013 and the launch of Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 in 2016.
Sadly, Huang died of cancer in January 2017, aged just 58.More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate __10__ life that burned so short, but was so bright.
UNIT 9 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.has been concentrating 2.have given 3.have been built 4.had lost 5.have known 6.have been interviewing
7．has set 8.had set
Ⅱ.1.has risen 2.had intended to arrive at our destination
3．have been working on this project
4．had been teaching English 5.had been waiting for you
Ⅲ.1.The government has been in power
2．The heavy snow had been falling for three days, so the fields were all white.
3．I had been learning English for three years before I went to London.
4．They had been living in that city for ten years but they had to leave there last month.
5．had I seen her when I got off the bus
6．had he arrived than she went away
Ⅳ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一个新的饮食流行趋势——吃昆虫。
1．选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Due to the protein they provide, I now eat them for nutrition”可知，她吃昆虫是为了获取营养。
2．选D 词义猜测题。分析前后文语境可知，“imperative”所在的句子为段落主题句，且最后一句“As such, developing new food sources — especially sources of protein — is extremely urgent.”对该主题句进行了呼应，由此可推知，“imperative”与D项“Pressing (紧迫的，迫切的)”含义一致。
3．选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Compared with traditional food sources such as farm animals, insect farming needs less land and water for production.Plus, insect farming releases less greenhouse gases.”可知，昆虫养殖需要更少的土地和水，释放更少的温室气体，故昆虫饲养的好处是污染少。
4．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，郭建军教授警告并不是所有昆虫都可以食用，吃昆虫之前要了解昆虫的特点，确保它们是可食用的。由此可推知，他会赞同谨慎食用昆虫。
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国著名地球物理学家黄大年短暂却光辉的一生。
1．knowledgeable 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词student，故用形容词knowledgeable。
2．had been working/had worked 考查时态。By the time后接一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。
3．that 考查连接词。idea后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，连接词应用that。
4．to participate 考查非谓语动词。be approached to do sth.“受邀做某事”，为固定用法。
5．without 考查介词。根据句意可知，空处表示“没有”，故填介词without。
6．where 考查连接词。excel后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，从句中缺少表示地点的连接词，故填where。
7．finest 考查形容词最高级。根据“the world's”和句意可知，空处用最高级finest。
8．devotion 考查名词。根据空前的“Huang's”可知，此处应用名词devotion作主语，且其是不可数名词，故填devotion。
9．being landed/landing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处需填动名词，与前面China's lunar probe Yutu一起构成动名词的复合结构，作contribute to的宾语。land可作及物动词，意为“使着陆”，故填being landed；也可作不及物动词，意为“着陆”，故填landing。
10．his/a 考查代词或冠词。根据句意“his funeral”可知，缅怀的是他的一生，所以可以填代词his；也可以表述为：800多人参加了他的葬礼，缅怀一个如此短暂却又光辉的一生，这时可以填冠词，又因life以辅音音素开头，故填a。
