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Section 7 “Epidemics Explained”的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.学习并掌握重点语言知识，包括单词、短语及句式等。
2.积累短语动词的含义，并学以致用。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the threat of epidemics ______________的威胁
2．bacteria infections ______________传染
3．a low baseline 低______________
4．parallel lines ______________线
5．a sample survey ______________调查
6．one visible symptom 一个明显的______________
7．a case of lung disease 一例______________疾病
二、重点单词——写其形
1．a ____________ virus 广泛传播的病毒
2．several different __________ 几个不同的因素
3．____________ his loved dog 埋葬他的爱犬
4．____________ a threat 构成威胁
5．in the course of the ____________ 在爆发的过程中
6．undergo clinical __________ 进行临床试验
7．____________ the fact 强调这个事实
8．the ____________ number of deaths 实际的死亡数量
9．____________ and systematic medical research 全面系统的医学研究
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．visible：以 ble结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①possible 可能的
②flexible 灵活的
③responsible 负责的
④incredible 难以置信的
2．classify：以 fy结尾的动词
[依“规”串记]
①purify 净化
②simplify 简化
③clarify 澄清
④beautify 美化
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________ 把……带进
2．________________ 被归类为……
3．________________ 数百万的；无数的……
4．________________ 记录在案的；公开发表的
5．________________ 死于；因……而死
6．________________ 因此，由于；作为……的结果
7．________________ 在……的过程中；在……期间
8．________________ 导致
9．________________ 克服；恢复；熬过
10．________________ 因为；由于
11．________________ 提出；想出
重点词汇·深化学习
1．Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
★classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
[用法感知]
①(“环境保护”主题佳句)We should learn to classify garbage in order to recycle it.
为了进行回收利用，我们要学会对垃圾进行分类。
②It's difficult to sort out these old books, for some of them belong to none of the classification.
把这些旧书分类很困难，因为有些不属于任何一种类别。
[归纳点拨]
(1)classify ...into ... 把……分成……类
classify ...as ... 把……划分为；把……列为……
classify ...according to/by ... 按……分类
(2)classification n. 归类，分类，分级
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The books in the library ____________ (classify) according to subject.
④Living creatures are classified ____________ plants, animals and micro organisms.
⑤For the convenience of our ____________ (classify), any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.
⑥Would you ________________________ serious literature or others
你把她的小说归类为严肃文学，还是其他？
2．So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic.
罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为是流行病。
★rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
[用法感知]
①As natural resources become increasingly rare, choices have to be made and priorities to be set.
随着自然资源变得日益稀少，人们必须做出选择，确定优先事项。
②It is rare for pandas to be found in other countries.
大熊猫在其他国家很罕见。
归纳点拨 (1)It is rare for sb.to do sth. 某人很少做某事 It is rare to do sth. 做某事很少见 (2)rarely adv. 稀少地；极少地
名师点津 rarely位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。用法类似的否定副词还有never、 little、 seldom、 hardly等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Tom ____________ (rare) goes to other places except for the office.
④__________________________ understand and use new language immediately.
学生能马上理解和使用新语言是很少见的。
⑤Rarely ____________________ such an interesting story.
他很少听说如此有趣的故事。
3．...as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
★as opposed to相对于(表示对比)
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类佳句)Try to see it as an opportunity to learn something, as opposed to a setback.
试着将它看作是一次学习的机会，而不是一次挫折。
②(“神态描写”佳句)With all of my friends opposed to my plan, I couldn't resist sobbing, hiding my face in my hands.
我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住哭了起来，用手捂着脸。
[归纳点拨]
(1)opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)oppose v. 反对；对抗；抗争
oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
oppose A to/against B 使A与B对抗/对照
(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对立的
prep. 与……相反；在……对面
n. 对立面；反面
be opposite to 在……对面，与……相反
(4)opposition n. 反对，反抗
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③At first he was ____________ (oppose) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
④I have been consistently opposed to ________ (feed) a baby regularly.
⑤Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the ____________ (oppose)．
⑥Only 54% of the respondents said that they went to work by public transport, as opposed ____________ 65% five years ago.
⑦______________________ the ancient town, the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
当地人反对开发这座古城，阻止建筑工人进入他们的村庄。
4．Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
★bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)The secret of a happy life isn't buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.
幸福人生的秘密并非藏在财宝箱里，而是在你的心里。
②(“神态描写”佳句)Mary is sitting on a park bench, burying herself in her book/buried in her book.
玛丽正坐在公园的长椅上，专心致志地看书。
归纳点拨 bury ...in ... 把……埋到……里 bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头 be buried in ...＝bury oneself in ... 埋头于……，专心于……
联想发散 表示“专心于”的其他表达：be absorbed in; be lost in; be devoted to/devote oneself to; concentrate on; focus on等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③____________ (bury) her face in her hands, she sobbed silently.
④Ever since Tom moved here, he has buried ____________ (he) in his research work.
(2)句式升级
Because he buried himself in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world.
⑤__________________________， he knew nothing about the outside world.(动词 ing形式作状语)
⑥__________________________， he knew nothing about the outside world.(动词 ed形式作状语)
5．...governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics ...
……世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究……
★underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
[用法感知]
①The teacher underlined the words so that the students could pay special attention to them.
老师在单词下面画线，以便学生们能特别注意。
②The report underlined his concern that standards were at risk.
该报告强调了他对于标准会面临风险的担忧。
[归纳点拨]
(1)underline the importance of ... 强调……的重要性
(2)underlined adj. 有下划线的
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Translate the ____________ (underline) sentence into Chinese.
④The teacher asked the students to take two coloured pens and ___________________.
老师要求学生拿出两支彩笔，分别在表示肯定和否定意义的单词下面画线。
⑤The report __________________________ pre school education.
这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。
1．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。
本句中“with recent press reports drawing ...”为with复合结构作状语。
(1)with复合结构的具体构成形式：
(2)此结构在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
(用with复合结构升级)
①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
→__________________________________， we're sure to have a good time.
②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
→________________________________， we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside.
→________________________________， he didn't notice what was happening outside.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我建议你把三到四个学生分在一起，其中一个作为组长，这样我们可以更深入地交流。
I suggest that you put three to four students together, ____________________________， in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
⑤在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。
__________________________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
⑥随着时间的推移，他满足于过一种简单的生活。
____________________， he contented himself with a simple life.
2．Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.
几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。
句中called the Spanish Flu是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918。
过去分词作定语的用法：
(1)位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
(2)时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动或动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
(3)扩展性：过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①They finally accepted the proposal which was put forward at the meeting.
→They finally accepted the proposal ________________________________.
②Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South America.
→Most of the artists ________________ were from South America.
③The car that was abandoned was eventually found by a river.
→________________ was eventually found by a river.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)受到美景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。
Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond, ____________________________.
⑤(2021·浙江6月高考)在学校图书馆一楼举行的展览激发了(人们)对传统艺术越来越强烈的爱。
The exhibition __________________________ sparks a growing love for traditional art.
语法项目—— Phrasal Verbs (2)
语境自主感知
1．(教材典句)They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area ...
2．(教材典句)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
3．(教材典句)Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.
4．(教材典句) ...the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
5．She turned off all the lights which had been left on.
6．The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
[我的发现]
短语动词常有以下几种构成方式：①动词＋介词，如句________________；②动词＋副词，如句__________；③动词＋副词＋介词，如句________；④动词＋名词/代词＋介词，如句________。
语法规则点拨
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
1．动词＋副词：不及物动词短语或及物动词短语。
(1)put up、 put down、 take out、 take up等为及物动词短语；若宾语为代词，要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若为名词，位置则灵活。
They put up the posters all around the town to advertise the circus.
他们在镇上到处张贴海报，宣传这个马戏团。
I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days.
我想知道她能否让我留宿几天。
(2)break out、 break down、 come out、 come on、 go on、 go out等为不及物动词短语。
After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁坏了。
(3)set off、 set out等短语既是及物动词短语也是不及物动词短语。
It used to be a tradition for the Chinese to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
过去春节期间放鞭炮是中国人的传统。
It was raining hard when we set off.
我们出发时正下着大雨。
2．动词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：agree on、 agree with、 approve of、 break into、 belong to、 consist of、 come across、 fall for、 hear of等。
It consists of more than 400 elements.
它由400多种元素组成。
Many old people often talk about the people and the things that they came across many years ago.
很多老人经常谈论多年前他们遇到的人和事。
3．动词＋副词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：face up to、 get down to、 look forward to、 look up to、 look down upon、 make up for等。
Meanwhile, I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。
She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
4．动词＋名词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：take care of、 make use of、 pay attention to、 take advantage of、 take note of、 take notice of、 catch sight of、 get/lay hold of、 keep pace with、 lose sight of、 lose track of、 make a fool of、 make fun of、 put an end/a stop to、 take account of、 take pity on等。
What is referred to in the book is how to make use of limited earth resources.
这本书涉及如何利用有限的地球资源。
[名师点津] 这类短语动词常可用于被动语态，并且可以有两种形式。
(Good) care was taken of the children.
＝The children were taken (good) care of.
孩子们受到了(很好的)照顾。
5．动词＋其他：如“动词＋it”构成的短语动词make it、 put it、 get it等。
I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.
我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you are looking ____________ the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
2．Native Americans had taken care __________ these precious natural resources wisely.
3．It's the best way to get rid ____________ your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
4．With money running ____________， he couldn't afford the round trip tickets.
5．She picked ____________ Japanese when she was in Japan.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．There was a fire, and ________________________________.
发生了一场火灾，旧工厂被烧毁了。
2．Jim managed to ________________ and avoided a fight.
吉姆设法抑制了怒火，避免了一起冲突。
3．She is determined to work hard to ________________________________.
她决心努力工作以不辜负父母的期望。
4．In the dark it was hard for us to ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
在黑暗中，我们很难辨认出房子上的号码。
5．If you don't say sorry for your mistake, they won't ________________________________.
如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话，他们是不会放过你的。
Section 7 “Epidemics Explained”的新知学习环节
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.流行病 2.细菌 3.基线 4.平行 5.抽样 6.症状
7．肺部
二、1.widespread 2.factors 3.bury 4.pose 5.outbreak
6．trial 7.underline 8.actual 9.thorough
三、1.①variations ②vary ③various ④variety
2．①officially ②official 3.①classify ②classification
4．①rare ②rarely
5．①opposed ②oppose ③opposite ④opposition
6．①depressing ②depress ③depressive
7．①estimate ②estimation
8．①visible ②vision ③visibly ④invisible
9．①steadily ②steady
10．①systematic ②system ③systematically
11．①globe ②global ③globally
五、1.carry into 2.be classified as 3.millions of
4．on record 5.die from 6.as a result of 7.in the course of
8．result in 9.get over 10.because of 11.come up with
重点词汇·深化学习
1．③are classified ④into ⑤classification
⑥classify her novels as
2．③rarely ④It is rare for students to ⑤has he heard of
3．③opposed ④feeding ⑤opposite ⑥to
⑦Opposed to developing
4．③Burying ④himself ⑤Burying himself in his lessons
⑥Buried in his lessons
5．③underlined ④underline the positive and negative words respectively ⑤underlines the importance of
NO.2 通句式
1．①With a guide to show us around the scenic spots
②With several problems remaining to be solved
③With his mind concentrated on his work
④with one as the group leader ⑤With no one to turn to
⑥With time going on/by
2．①put forward at the meeting
②invited to the party ③The abandoned car
④surrounded by blooming flowers
⑤held on the first floor of the school library
NO.3 学语法
[我的发现] 1,2,3; 5; 4; 6
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.1.for 2.of 3.of 4.out 5.up
Ⅱ.1.the old factory was burned down 2.hold back his anger 3.live up to the expectations of her parents
4．make out the numbers on the houses
5．let you get away with it(共107张PPT)
Section 7 “Epidemics Explained”
的新知学习环节
[语法项目——Phrasal Verbs(2)]
课时目标
1.学习并掌握重点语言知识，包括单词、短语及句式等。
2.积累短语动词的含义，并学以致用。
目 录
NO.1 积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.2 通句式 / 由规则到熟用
NO.3 学语法 / 由感性到理性
课时检测
积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.1
新学词汇 归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．the threat of epidemics _______的威胁
2．bacteria infections _____传染
3．a low baseline 低_____
流行病
细菌
基线
4．parallel lines _____线
5．a sample survey _____调查
6．one visible symptom 一个明显的_____
7．a case of lung disease 一例______疾病
平行
抽样
症状
肺部
二、重点单词——写其形
1．a ___________ virus 广泛传播的病毒
2．several different _______ 几个不同的因素
3．_____ his loved dog 埋葬他的爱犬
4．_____ a threat 构成威胁
widespread
factors
bury
pose
5．in the course of the _________ 在爆发的过程中
6．undergo clinical _____ 进行临床试验
7．_________ the fact 强调这个事实
8．the _______ number of deaths 实际的死亡数量
9．_________ and systematic medical research
全面系统的医学研究
outbreak
trial
underline
actual
thorough
三、活用单词——悉其变
variations
vary
various
variety
officially
official
classify
classification
rare
rarely
opposed
oppose
opposite
opposition
depressing
depress
depressive
estimate
estimation
visible
vision
visibly
invisible
steadily
steady
systematic
system
systematically
globe
global
globally
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．visible：以-ble结尾的形容词
[依“规”串记]
①possible 可能的
②flexible 灵活的
③responsible 负责的
④incredible 难以置信的
2．classify：以-fy结尾的动词
[依“规”串记]
①purify 净化
②simplify 简化
③clarify 澄清
④beautify 美化
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 把……带进
2．______________ 被归类为……
3．______________ 数百万的；无数的……
4．______________ 记录在案的；公开发表的
5．______________ 死于；因……而死
carry into
be classified as
millions of
on record
die from
6．_______________ 因此，由于；作为……的结果
7．_______________ 在……的过程中；在……期间
8．_______________ 导致
9．_______________ 克服；恢复；熬过
10．_______________ 因为；由于
11．_______________ 提出；想出
as a result of
in the course of
result in
get over
because of
come up with
重点词汇 深化学习
1．Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
★classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类
[用法感知]
①(“环境保护”主题佳句)We should learn to classify garbage in order to recycle it.
为了进行回收利用，我们要学会对垃圾进行分类。
②It's difficult to sort out these old books, for some of them belong to none of the classification.
把这些旧书分类很困难，因为有些不属于任何一种类别。
[归纳点拨]
(1)classify ...into ... 把……分成……类
classify ...as ... 把……划分为；
把……列为……
classify ...according to/by ... 按……分类
(2)classification n. 归类，分类，分级
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The books in the library _____________ (classify) according to subject.
④Living creatures are classified ____ plants, animals and micro-organisms.
are classified
into
⑤For the convenience of our ____________ (classify), any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.
⑥Would you ___________________ serious literature or others
你把她的小说归类为严肃文学，还是其他？
classification
classify her novels as
2．So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic.
罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为是流行病。
★rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
[用法感知]
①As natural resources become increasingly rare, choices have to be made and priorities to be set.
随着自然资源变得日益稀少，人们必须做出选择，确定优先事项。
②It is rare for pandas to be found in other countries.
大熊猫在其他国家很罕见。
归纳点拨 (1)It is rare for sb.to do sth. 某人很少做某事
It is rare to do sth. 做某事很少见
(2)rarely adv. 稀少地；极少地
名师点津 rarely位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。用法类似的否定副词还有never、 little、 seldom、 hardly等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Tom ______ (rare) goes to other places except for the office.
④_____________________ understand and use new language immediately.
学生能马上理解和使用新语言是很少见的。
⑤Rarely _______________ such an interesting story.
他很少听说如此有趣的故事。
rarely
It is rare for students to
has he heard of
3．...as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
★as opposed to相对于(表示对比)
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类佳句)Try to see it as an opportunity to learn something, as opposed to a setback.
试着将它看作是一次学习的机会，而不是一次挫折。
②(“神态描写”佳句)With all of my friends opposed to my plan, I couldn't resist sobbing, hiding my face in my hands.
我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住哭了起来，用手捂着脸。
[归纳点拨]
(1)opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，
不赞成某事物
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)oppose v. 反对；对抗；抗争
oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
oppose A to/against B 使A与B对抗/对照
(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对立的
prep. 与……相反；在……对面
n. 对立面；反面
be opposite to 在……对面，与……相反
(4)opposition n. 反对，反抗
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③At first he was ________ (oppose) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
④I have been consistently opposed to _________ (feed) a baby regularly.
⑤Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the ________ (oppose)．
opposed
feeding
opposite
⑥Only 54% of the respondents said that they went to work by public transport, as opposed ___ 65% five years ago.
⑦______________________ the ancient town, the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
当地人反对开发这座古城，阻止建筑工人进入他们的村庄。
to
Opposed to developing
4．Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。
★bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)The secret of a happy life isn't buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.
幸福人生的秘密并非藏在财宝箱里，而是在你的心里。
②(“神态描写”佳句)Mary is sitting on a park bench, burying herself in her book/buried in her book.
玛丽正坐在公园的长椅上，专心致志地看书。
归纳点拨 bury ...in ... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头
be buried in ...＝bury oneself in ... 埋头于……，专心于……
联想发散 表示“专心于”的其他表达：be absorbed in; be lost in; be devoted to/devote oneself to; concentrate on; focus on等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③________ (bury) her face in her hands, she sobbed silently.
④Ever since Tom moved here, he has buried _______ (he) in his research work.
Burying
himself
(2)句式升级
Because he buried himself in his lessons, he knew nothing about the outside world.
⑤___________________________, he knew nothing about the outside world.(动词-ing形式作状语)
⑥__________________, he knew nothing about the outside world. (动词-ed形式作状语)
Burying himself in his lessons
Buried in his lessons
5．...governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics ...
……世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究……
★underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线
[用法感知]
①The teacher underlined the words so that the students could pay special attention to them.
老师在单词下面画线，以便学生们能特别注意。
②The report underlined his concern that standards were at risk.
该报告强调了他对于标准会面临风险的担忧。
[归纳点拨]
(1)underline the importance of ... 强调……的重要性
(2)underlined adj. 有下划线的
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Translate the __________ (underline) sentence into Chinese.
④The teacher asked the students to take two coloured pens and _______________________________________________.
老师要求学生拿出两支彩笔，分别在表示肯定和否定意义的单词下面画线。
⑤The report __________________________ pre-school education.
这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。
underlined
underline the positive and negative words respectively
underlines the importance of
通句式 / 由规则到熟用
NO.2
1．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。
本句中“with recent press reports drawing ...”为with复合结构作状语。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
(用with复合结构升级)
①Because a guide will show us around the scenic spots, we're sure to have a good time.
→__________________________________________, we're sure to have a good time.
With a guide to show us around the scenic spots
②There are several problems remaining to be solved, so we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
→________________________________________, we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice what was happening outside.
→___________________________________, he didn't notice what was happening outside.
With several problems remaining to be solved
With his mind concentrated on his work
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我建议你把三到四个学生分在一起，其中一个作为组长，这样我们可以更深入地交流。
I suggest that you put three to four students together, __________
_______________, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
with one as
the group leader
⑤在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。
___________________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
⑥随着时间的推移，他满足于过一种简单的生活。
____________________, he contented himself with a simple life.
With no one to turn to
With time going on/by
2．Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.
几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。
句中called the Spanish Flu是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918。
过去分词作定语的用法：
(1)位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
(2)时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动或动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
(3)扩展性：过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①They finally accepted the proposal which was put forward at the meeting.
→They finally accepted the proposal ________________________.
put forward at the meeting
②Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South America.
→Most of the artists ____________________ were from South America.
③The car that was abandoned was eventually found by a river.
→__________________ was eventually found by a river.
invited to the party
The abandoned car
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)受到美景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。
Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond, _______________
________________.
surrounded by
blooming flowers
⑤(2021·浙江6月高考)在学校图书馆一楼举行的展览激发了(人们)对传统艺术越来越强烈的爱。
The exhibition ____________________________________ sparks a growing love for traditional art.
held on the first floor of the school library
学语法 / 由感性到理性
NO.3
语法项目—— Phrasal Verbs (2)
语境自主感知
1．(教材典句)They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area ...
2．(教材典句)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
3．(教材典句)Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.
4．(教材典句) ...the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
5．She turned off all the lights which had been left on.
6．The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
[我的发现]
短语动词常有以下几种构成方式：①动词＋介词，如句______；②动词＋副词，如句__；③动词＋副词＋介词，如句__；④动词＋名词/代词＋介词，如句__。
1,2,3
5
4
6
语法规则点拨
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
1．动词＋副词：不及物动词短语或及物动词短语。
(1)put up、 put down、 take out、 take up等为及物动词短语；若宾语为代词，要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若为名词，位置则灵活。
They put up the posters all around the town to advertise the circus.
他们在镇上到处张贴海报，宣传这个马戏团。
I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days.
我想知道她能否让我留宿几天。
(2)break out、 break down、 come out、 come on、 go on、 go out等为不及物动词短语。
After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁坏了。
(3)set off、 set out等短语既是及物动词短语也是不及物动词短语。
It used to be a tradition for the Chinese to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
过去春节期间放鞭炮是中国人的传统。
It was raining hard when we set off.
我们出发时正下着大雨。
2．动词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：agree on、 agree with、 approve of、 break into、 belong to、 consist of、 come across、 fall for、 hear of等。
It consists of more than 400 elements.
它由400多种元素组成。
Many old people often talk about the people and the things that they came across many years ago.
很多老人经常谈论多年前他们遇到的人和事。
3．动词＋副词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：face up to、 get down to、 look forward to、 look up to、 look down upon、 make up for等。
Meanwhile, I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。
She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
4．动词＋名词＋介词：这一类短语通常是及物动词短语。如：take care of、 make use of、 pay attention to、 take advantage of、 take note of、 take notice of、 catch sight of、 get/lay hold of、 keep pace with、 lose sight of、 lose track of、 make a fool of、 make fun of、 put an end/a stop to、 take account of、 take pity on等。
What is referred to in the book is how to make use of limited earth resources.这本书涉及如何利用有限的地球资源。
[名师点津] 这类短语动词常可用于被动语态，并且可以有两种形式。
(Good) care was taken of the children.
＝The children were taken (good) care of.
孩子们受到了(很好的)照顾。
5．动词＋其他：如“动词＋it”构成的短语动词make it、 put it、 get it等。
I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.
我认为我们不一定会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。
即时应用体验
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If you are looking ___ the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
2．Native Americans had taken care ___ these precious natural resources wisely.
for
of
3．It's the best way to get rid ___ your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
4．With money running ____, he couldn't afford the round-trip tickets.
5．She picked ___ Japanese when she was in Japan.
of
out
up
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．There was a fire, and _____________________________.
发生了一场火灾，旧工厂被烧毁了。
2．Jim managed to __________________ and avoided a fight.
吉姆设法抑制了怒火，避免了一起冲突。
the old factory was burned down
hold back his anger
3．She is determined to work hard to _______________________
_____________.
她决心努力工作以不辜负父母的期望。
4．In the dark it was hard for us to _________________________
_______.
在黑暗中，我们很难辨认出房子上的号码。
live up to the expectations
of her parents
make out the numbers on the
houses
5．If you don't say sorry for your mistake, they won't __________
____________.
如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话，他们是不会放过你的。
let you get
away with it
课时检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is believed that our plan was ruined by several _______ (因素) altogether.
2．Looking for a job these days can be very __________ (令人沮丧的)．
factors
depressing
3．Due to the ____________ (分布广的) application of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early age.
4．Scientists ________ (估算) that it may be five or ten months before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
5．Mailboxes might be ______ (埋藏) in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground, but the mail was always delivered.
widespread
estimate
buried
6．Global warming is ______ (造成) a threat to human survival.
7．As the son of a voyager, John's greatest ambition is to sail around the _____ (世界) like his father.
8．The Amazon rainforest is considered as the _____ (肺) of Earth, and much of it is located in Brazil.
posing
globe
lung
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The college is not an _________ (official) recognized English language school.
2．The _________ (vary) of a gene can influence people's social behavior.
3．The ____________ (classify) of beef can depend on its origin.
officially
variation
classification
4．I have _______ (rare) seen her display any sign of emotion.
5．She remained bitterly ________ (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
6．The company's exports have been increasing _______ (steady)．
7．They went about their business in a __________ (system) way.
8．We need to take a more ______ (globe) approach to the problem.
rarely
opposed
steadily
systematic
global
Ⅲ.选词填空
on record， millions of， as a result of， be classified as， as opposed to， come up with
1．The end result is an increase in cost ____________ a reduction in cost.
2．Around one in five British women _____________ obese.
as opposed to
is classified as
3．___________ people lost their homes because of the war.
4．Due to the global warming, we experienced the warmest year _________ last year.
5．Many seabirds died ____________ the oil spill.
6．Our class _____________ the idea to make better use of used materials.
Millions of
on record
as a result of
came up with
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Scientists disagree about ___________________________.
科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。
2．You can't accept an opinion _____________ unless it is based on facts.
你不能接受提供给你的意见，除非它基于事实。
how the universe was created
offered to you
3．There was no escaping the fact _____________________.
他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。
4．I was angry _______________________.
我生气是因为我弹得如此糟糕。
5．_______________________________, students are becoming happier and happier.
随着暑假的到来，学生们变得越来越快乐。
that he was overweight
because I played so badly
With the summer vacation coming
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
An epidemic is the name ①______ (give) to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within ②___ short period of time.With recent press reports ③_______ (draw) parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
given
a
drawing
One of the ④_________ (early) epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Then, in the 1330s, this epidemic returned and spread rapidly to Europe and became known ⑤___ “The Black Death”．Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, ⑥______ (strike) near the end of World War Ⅰ.
earliest
as
struck
Bird flu first appeared in 1997 and took more than a hundred lives. The SARS epidemic began in 2002, spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the EVD in West Africa, ⑦______ resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.
which
Despite the epidemics the world has faced in recent years, governments worldwide ⑧_______________ (underline) the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the ⑨______ (cause) and come up with cures as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together ⑩______ (do) this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
have underlined
causes
to do
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
I knew Janine when she was seven and became a patient of mine. Her father had told me proudly on the first day we met how he'd beaten cancer. 1 ， soon it attacked him again.He died of that when Janine was 10.Her mother，already 2 from mental illness, was unable to 3 her daughter alone.Therefore, Janine was 4 to move from one foster (寄养的) home to another.
In a desperate attempt to deal with the 5 in her world, Janine developed severe anorexia (厌食症)．After repeated fruitless treatments, she gave up hope and had no 6 to get better.
I knew I had to 7 .I explained the situation to my husband, Saul, about this amazing young girl who didn't 8 what happened to her and who needed our help.The week before, we had been strategizing about our 9 .Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.To my 10 ， Saul agreed without any hesitation.
11 ， caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more 12 than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to 13 little by little years later.
Through it all, we stayed by her side.We 14 retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.Thankfully, our work has 15 right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping (切碎) vegetables side by side.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫领养了自己的一个小患者，并帮助这个小患者恢复健康的感人故事。
1．A. Unfortunately B．Uncertainly
C．Unintentionally D．Unbelievably
解析：根据下文“soon it attacked him again”可知，Janine的父亲再次患上了癌症，由此可知，这是不幸的。
√
2．A.keeping B．escaping
C．suffering D．disappearing
解析：根据空后的“mental illness”可知，suffer from意为“患上……病”符合句意。
√
3．A. tend B．cure
C．injure D．inspire
解析：根据上文“Her mother, already from mental illness”可知，Janine的母亲患有精神病。由此可知，她没办法独自照顾自己的女儿。
√
4．A.allowed B．persuaded
C．encouraged D．forced
解析：根据上文“Her mother，already from mental illness, was unable to her daughter alone.”可知，Janine的父亲去世，母亲患有精神病没办法照顾她。由此可知，Janine被迫被送去寄养。
√
5．A.violence B．chaos
C．disease D．behavior
解析：根据上文内容可知，Janine的父亲去世、母亲患病，而Janine则不得不被送去寄养。由此可知，Janine的生活一片混乱。
√
6．A.resource B．chance
C．evidence D．motivation
解析：根据上文的“she gave up hope”可知，Janine放弃了希望。由此可知，她失去了变好的动力。
√
7．A.wait B．act
C．compromise D．accelerate
解析：根据下文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”可知，看到Janine的情况，作者决定领养她。由此可知，作者决定采取行动。
√
8．A.admit B．expect
C．comprehend D．deserve
解析：根据下文“who needed our help”以及空后的宾语“what happened to her”可推测，空处指的是作者对于Janine的遭遇感到同情，作者觉得Janine不应该遭遇这一切，所以她需要帮助。
√
9．A. retirement B．appointment
C．employment D．treatment
解析：根据下文的“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”以及“We retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.”可知，作者和丈夫本来是准备退休。
√
10．A.annoyance B．amusement
C．regret D．relief
解析：根据空后的“Saul agreed without any hesitation”可知，作者的丈夫毫不犹豫地同意了。由此可知，作者感到很宽慰。
√
11．A. However B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
解析：根据下文“caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”可知，照顾Janine并不轻松，与上文存在转折关系。
√
12．A. challenging B．rewarding
C．thrilling D．refreshing
解析：根据下文“We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”以及“Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to little by little years later.”可知，照顾Janine的任务非常困难。
√
13．A.reduce B．reflect
C．recover D．relax
解析：根据上文的“Janine went through treatment programs three more times”以及下文“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，Janine又接受了三次治疗才开始慢慢恢复健康。
√
14．A.sought B．took
C．postponed D．planned
解析：根据上文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”可知，作者和丈夫本打算退休，但是为了照顾Janine，他们选择继续工作。由此可推测，空处指的是推迟退休。
√
15．A. paid off B．run out of
C．set off D．worked out
解析：根据空前的“thankfully”以及下文的“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，作者和丈夫的努力最终得到了回报，因为Janine已经康复了。
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UNIT 9 课时检测(七) “Epidemics Explained”的
新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is believed that our plan was ruined by several ____________ (因素) altogether.
2．Looking for a job these days can be very ________ (令人沮丧的)．
3．Due to the ____________ (分布广的) application of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early age.
4．Scientists ____________ (估算) that it may be five or ten months before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
5．Mailboxes might be ____________ (埋藏) in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground, but the mail was always delivered.
6．Global warming is ____________ (造成) a threat to human survival.
7．As the son of a voyager, John's greatest ambition is to sail around the ____________ (世界) like his father.
8．The Amazon rainforest is considered as the ______ (肺) of Earth, and much of it is located in Brazil.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The college is not an ____________ (official) recognized English language school.
2．The ____________ (vary) of a gene can influence people's social behavior.
3．The ____________ (classify) of beef can depend on its origin.
4．I have ____________ (rare) seen her display any sign of emotion.
5．She remained bitterly ____________ (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
6．The company's exports have been increasing ____________ (steady)．
7．They went about their business in a ____________ (system) way.
8．We need to take a more ____________ (globe) approach to the problem.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on record, millions of, as a result of, be classified as, as opposed to, come up with
1．The end result is an increase in cost ____________ a reduction in cost.
2．Around one in five British women ________________ obese.
3．________________ people lost their homes because of the war.
4．Due to the global warming, we experienced the warmest year ________________ last year.
5．Many seabirds died ________________ the oil spill.
6．Our class ________________ the idea to make better use of used materials.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Scientists disagree about ___________________________________________________.
科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。
2．You can't accept an opinion ________________ unless it is based on facts.
你不能接受提供给你的意见，除非它基于事实。
3．There was no escaping the fact ______________________________________.
他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。
4．I was angry __________________________.
我生气是因为我弹得如此糟糕。
5．__________________________， students are becoming happier and happier.
随着暑假的到来，学生们变得越来越快乐。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
An epidemic is the name ①____________ (give) to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within ②____________ short period of time.With recent press reports ③__________ (draw) parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
One of the ④____________ (early) epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Then, in the 1330s, this epidemic returned and spread rapidly to Europe and became known ⑤____________ “The Black Death”．Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, ⑥____________ (strike) near the end of World War Ⅰ.Bird flu first appeared in 1997 and took more than a hundred lives.The SARS epidemic began in 2002, spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the EVD in West Africa, ⑦__________ resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.
Despite the epidemics the world has faced in recent years, governments worldwide ⑧__________ (underline) the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the ⑨____________ (cause) and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together ⑩____________ (do) this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
I knew Janine when she was seven and became a patient of mine.Her father had told me proudly on the first day we met how he'd beaten cancer.__1__， soon it attacked him again.He died of that when Janine was 10.Her mother，already __2__ from mental illness, was unable to __3__ her daughter alone.Therefore, Janine was __4__ to move from one foster (寄养的) home to another.
In a desperate attempt to deal with the __5__ in her world, Janine developed severe anorexia (厌食症)．After repeated fruitless treatments, she gave up hope and had no __6__ to get better.
I knew I had to __7__.I explained the situation to my husband, Saul, about this amazing young girl who didn't __8__ what happened to her and who needed our help.The week before, we had been strategizing about our __9__.Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.To my __10__， Saul agreed without any hesitation.
__11__， caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more __12__ than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to __13__ little by little years later.
Through it all, we stayed by her side.We __14__ retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.Thankfully, our work has __15__ right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping (切碎) vegetables side by side.
1．A.Unfortunately B．Uncertainly
C．Unintentionally D．Unbelievably
2．A.keeping B．escaping
C．suffering D．disappearing
3．A.tend B．cure
C．injure D．inspire
4．A.allowed B．persuaded
C．encouraged D．forced
5．A.violence B．chaos
C．disease D．behavior
6．A.resource B．chance
C．evidence D．motivation
7．A.wait B．act
C．compromise D．Accelerate
8．A.admit B．expect
C．comprehend D．deserve
9．A.retirement B．appointment
C．employment D．treatment
10．A.annoyance B．amusement
C．regret D．relief
11．A.However B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
12．A.challenging B．rewarding
C．thrilling D．refreshing
13．A.reduce B．reflect
C．recover D．relax
14．A.sought B．took
C．postponed D．planned
15．A.paid off B．run out of
C．set off D．worked out
UNIT 9 课时检测(七)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.factors 2.depressing 3.widespread 4.estimate
5．buried 6.posing 7.globe 8.lung
Ⅱ.1.officially 2.variation 3.classification 4.rarely
5．opposed 6.steadily 7.systematic 8.global
Ⅲ.1.as opposed to 2.is classified as 3.Millions of
4．on record 5.as a result of 6.came up with
Ⅳ.1.how the universe was created 2.offered to you
3．that he was overweight 4.because I played so badly
5．With the summer vacation coming
Ⅴ.①given ②a ③drawing ④earliest ⑤as ⑥struck
⑦which ⑧have underlined ⑨causes ⑩to do
[语篇综合训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫领养了自己的一个小患者，并帮助这个小患者恢复健康的感人故事。
1．选A 根据下文“soon it attacked him again”可知，Janine的父亲再次患上了癌症，由此可知，这是不幸的。
2．选C 根据空后的“mental illness”可知，suffer from意为“患上……病”符合句意。
3．选A 根据上文“Her mother, already ________ from mental illness”可知，Janine的母亲患有精神病。由此可知，她没办法独自照顾自己的女儿。
4．选D 根据上文“Her mother，already ________ from mental illness, was unable to ________ her daughter alone.”可知，Janine的父亲去世，母亲患有精神病没办法照顾她。由此可知，Janine被迫被送去寄养。
5．选B 根据上文内容可知，Janine的父亲去世、母亲患病，而Janine则不得不被送去寄养。由此可知，Janine的生活一片混乱。
6．选D 根据上文的“she gave up hope”可知，Janine放弃了希望。由此可知，她失去了变好的动力。
7．选B 根据下文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”可知，看到Janine的情况，作者决定领养她。由此可知，作者决定采取行动。
8．选D 根据下文“who needed our help”以及空后的宾语“what happened to her”可推测，空处指的是作者对于Janine的遭遇感到同情，作者觉得Janine不应该遭遇这一切，所以她需要帮助。
9．选A 根据下文的“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”以及“We ________ retirement to support Janine and watch her grow.”可知，作者和丈夫本来是准备退休。
10．选D 根据空后的“Saul agreed without any hesitation”可知，作者的丈夫毫不犹豫地同意了。由此可知，作者感到很宽慰。
11．选A 根据下文“caring for someone with severe anorexia was far more ________ than we thought.We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”可知，照顾Janine并不轻松，与上文存在转折关系。
12．选A 根据下文“We were sworn at for calling Janine to the table to eat.”以及“Janine went through treatment programs three more times before beginning to ________ little by little years later.”可知，照顾Janine的任务非常困难。
13．选C 根据上文的“Janine went through treatment programs three more times”以及下文“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，Janine又接受了三次治疗才开始慢慢恢复健康。
14．选C 根据上文“Now I was asking him to be a foster dad and keep working.”可知，作者和丈夫本打算退休，但是为了照顾Janine，他们选择继续工作。由此可推测，空处指的是推迟退休。
15．选A 根据空前的“thankfully”以及下文的“right now we're working together in the kitchen, chopping vegetables side by side”可知，作者和丈夫的努力最终得到了回报，因为Janine已经康复了。
