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Section 8 Writing Workshop
课时目标
1.阅读关于流行病文章的概要，分析其结构特点及语言风格。
2.学会总结段落大意，并连句成文。
Globally, researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for epidemics and help to find effective treatments.
在全球范围内，研究人员正聚集在一起，试图确定流行病的原因，并帮助找到有效的治疗方法。
★identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
[用法感知]
①(“感悟”类佳句)Never judge a book by its cover.It is wrong to identify good appearance with a kind person.
永远不要以貌取人。把外表美丽和内心善良等同起来是错误的。
②Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer.
科学家已经发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
[归纳点拨]
identify ...as ... 确认/认出……是……；表明……是……
identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情
identify sb./sth.with ... 认为某人/某事物等同于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③These vases were identified ____________ Chinese.
④You should not identify wealth ____________ happiness.
⑤I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify ________ any of the main characters.
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑥They are trying to find what is wrong with the present system.____________
■写作项目——Write a summary(2)
本单元的写作项目是概要写作。概要写作是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称为摘要。这一题型主要考查学生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
由教材学写作
一、学文体架构
本篇课文是“Epidemics Explained”的概要，总结框架结构如下：
二、学要点构思
1．说明文概要开头要写明被说明事物的概念。如课文开头“An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a short period of time，causing a large number of deaths，the number of which differs for different diseases.”
2．说明文概要中陈述一个问题，往往在最后说明解决方法。如课文结尾“Globally，researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for epidemics and help to find effective treatments.”
三、学写作手法
概要写作要遵循原文的逻辑顺序，内容应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节，客观地如实反映原文的观点和内容；要体现创新性，不能完全照搬原文。
1．删除细节，只保留主要观点。如第二、三段采用时间顺序简要介绍了历史上的流行病，整合了原有文章第三至八段的内容，只保留了流行病的种类、时间及后果。文字简练浓缩，突出了概要写作简单明了的特点。
2．把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。原有文章最后一段中描述流行病的未来及发展时，内容很多，但概要文章中第四段只用了一句话概述了大意，句式凝练简洁。
3．转换表达。使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式。如第一段使用了differ、 different等同义表达词汇，使得语言表达多样化，生动地刻画出了流行性疾病的特点。第二段中分别使用了occur、 take place、 break out等词汇说明流行病的发生情况，用词多样化，表达方式转换灵活，为概要写作增加了文采。
四、学行文逻辑
概要写作要注意各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。 如课文使用了as early as、 later、 also、 at the start of等叙述事情的先后顺序。
具体写作指导
Write a summary for the text “To Clone or Not to Clone？”
——写一篇课文“To Clone or Not to Clone？”的概要
概要写作一般提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文进行阅读后，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄袭原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。写作步骤如下：
第一步 确定体裁，明确主题及结构。
快速阅读课文To Clone or Not to Clone？，分析文章可知是说明文体裁，采用了“概括—具体”模式。文章可分为三个部分：
Part 1(Para.1) ①______________
Part 2(Paras.2～3) ②______________
Part 3(Paras.4～6) ③______________
通过分析结构，可判断概要的基本框架。
第二步 找出主题句，找关键信息，忽略次要信息。
如课文To Clone or Not to Clone？每段的主题句为：
Para. 1 Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.
Para. 2 ①___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Para. 3 In January 2018, the cloning of two long tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists.
Para. 4 The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.
Para. 5 Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.
Para. 6 ②___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
依据主题句，可判断概要的写作要点。
第三步 改写关键信息，得出要点。
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句式结构表达相同的意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等。以原文第一段为例，第一、二句是关键信息，第三、四句是例子，为次要信息，可以删去。通过改写单词词性并合并句子，可将此段概括为：
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
第四步 添加连接词，使行文连贯。
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。 常用的关联词有： however、 besides、 in addition、 therefore、 instead 等。
[针对练笔]
请根据以上对课文“To Clone or Not to Clone？”内容的分析，写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
写作素材储备
(一)背逻辑衔接词
要想清晰地概括出文章中的逻辑关系，就要恰当巧妙地使用衔接词，这些衔接词会为你得高分助一臂之力。
1．表示并列或递进的衔接词
单词 additionally; furthermore; besides; moreover
短语 in addition to; as well as; along with; worse still; apart from
结构 what's worse; to make matters worse; what's more; both ...and ...; not only ...but also ...
2.表示因果的衔接词
表示原因的连词 because; as; for; since
表示原因的 短语和结构 because of; due to; owing to; thanks to; in that; now that; as a result of; the cause of; for fear that; the reason for; seeing that; one reason is that ...
表示结果的副词 therefore; thus; consequently; hence; accordingly
表示结果的 短语和结构 as a result; the effect of; the consequence of; causing＋n.; leading to＋n.; resulting in＋n.
注意：contribute to、 have an effect on、 owe sth.to是动词短语。
3.表示转折的衔接词
单词 but; however; nevertheless; yet; although; otherwise; instead; despite
短语 on the contrary; even so; even though; in spite of; by contrast; in contrast
结构 no matter who/what/when/where; in spite of the fact that ...
隐含转折或否定 意义的词 actually; unfortunately; unexpectedly; unlike; as a matter of fact; in fact; indeed
4.表示对比的衔接词
单词 while; whereas; similarly; alike; meanwhile
短语和结构 equally important; at the same time; on the one hand ...on the other hand ...; for one thing ...for another ...
5.表示顺序、程度等的衔接词
表示首先 first; first of all; at first; in the first place; primarily; initially
表示肯定 certainly; definitely; undoubtedly; obviously; apparently; inevitably; essentially; interestingly; surely
表示程度 totally; entirely; considerably; relatively
表示最近情况 recently; in recent years; these years; presently; lately; currently
表示总结 on the whole; in conclusion; in a word; to sum up; in short; in belief; to conclude; in general; generally speaking; significantly; above all; in any case; anyway; in fact; especially; most importantly
(二)背写作佳句
1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的
(1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with ...
这篇论文旨在/涵盖/主要讨论……
(2)The article focuses on the topic of ...
这篇文章的主题是……
2．表示研究的结论
(1)The result showed that ...
结果表明……
(2)The author found that ...
作者发现……
(3)It was concluded that ...
得出的结论是……
3．表示推荐、观点或建议
(1)The author suggests/considers that ...
作者建议/认为……
(2)Suggestions are made for ...
对……提出了建议。
Section 8 Writing Workshop
NO.1 学新知
③as ④with ⑤with ⑥identify
NO.2 促写作
具体写作指导
第一步
①Definition ②Successful examples on cloning
③Praises and concerns about cloning
第二步
①For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.
②So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up.
第三步
Cloning means to make an exact copy of a plant or animal and natural cloning has been going on for generations.
[针对练笔]
Cloning means to make an exact copy of a plant or animal and natural cloning has been going on for generations.Artificial attempts to clone animals began with the successful cloning of Dolly, the sheep in 1996.After that, scientists have cloned over 20 mammal species.In 2018, Chinese scientists announced the successful cloning of two long tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the first ever primates to be cloned.The successful cloning of primates received global praise for its potential in medical research.However, cloning sparks ethical debates.Despite this, researchers advocate for further exploration of cloning.(共64张PPT)
Section 8 Writing Workshop
[写作项目——Write a summary(2)]
课时目标
1.阅读关于流行病文章的概要，分析其结构特点及语言风格。
2.学会总结段落大意，并连句成文。
目 录
NO.1 学新知 / 点滴积累充盈“语料库”
NO.2 促写作 / 写作增分途径“多仿写”
课时检测
学新知 / 点滴积累充盈“语料库”
NO.1
Globally, researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for epidemics and help to find effective treatments.
在全球范围内，研究人员正聚集在一起，试图确定流行病的原因，并帮助找到有效的治疗方法。
★identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
[用法感知]
①(“感悟”类佳句)Never judge a book by its cover.It is wrong to identify good appearance with a kind person.
永远不要以貌取人。把外表美丽和内心善良等同起来是错误的。
②Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer.
科学家已经发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
[归纳点拨]
identify ...as ... 确认/认出……是……；
表明……是……
identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情
identify sb./sth.with ... 认为某人/某事物等同于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③These vases were identified ___ Chinese.
④You should not identify wealth _____ happiness.
⑤I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify _____ any of the main characters.
as
with
with
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑥They are trying to find what is wrong with the present system.
________
identify
促写作 / 写作增分途径“多仿写”
NO.2
■写作项目——Write a summary(2)
本单元的写作项目是概要写作。概要写作是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称为摘要。这一题型主要考查学生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
由教材学写作
一、学文体架构
本篇课文是“Epidemics Explained”的概要，总结框架结构如下：
二、学要点构思
1．说明文概要开头要写明被说明事物的概念。如课文开头“An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a short period of time，causing a large number of deaths，the number of which differs for different diseases.”
2．说明文概要中陈述一个问题，往往在最后说明解决方法。如课文结尾“Globally，researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for epidemics and help to find effective treatments.”
三、学写作手法
概要写作要遵循原文的逻辑顺序，内容应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节，客观地如实反映原文的观点和内容；要体现创新性，不能完全照搬原文。
1．删除细节，只保留主要观点。如第二、三段采用时间顺序简要介绍了历史上的流行病，整合了原有文章第三至八段的内容，只保留了流行病的种类、时间及后果。文字简练浓缩，突出了概要写作简单明了的特点。
2．把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。原有文章最后一段中描述流行病的未来及发展时，内容很多，但概要文章中第四段只用了一句话概述了大意，句式凝练简洁。
3．转换表达。使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式。如第一段使用了differ、 different等同义表达词汇，使得语言表达多样化，生动地刻画出了流行性疾病的特点。第二段中分别使用了occur、 take place、 break out等词汇说明流行病的发生情况，用词多样化，表达方式转换灵活，为概要写作增加了文采。
四、学行文逻辑
概要写作要注意各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。 如课文使用了as early as、 later、 also、 at the start of等叙述事情的先后顺序。
具体写作指导
Write a summary for the text “To Clone or Not to Clone？”
——写一篇课文“To Clone or Not to Clone？”的概要
概要写作一般提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文进行阅读后，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄袭原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。写作步骤如下：
第一步 确定体裁，明确主题及结构。
快速阅读课文To Clone or Not to Clone？，分析文章可知是说明文体裁，采用了“概括—具体”模式。文章可分为三个部分：
Part 1(Para.1) ①___________
Part 2 (Paras.2～3) ②_________________________________
Part 3 (Paras.4～6) ③_________________________________
Definition
Successful examples on cloning
Praises and concerns about cloning
通过分析结构，可判断概要的基本框架。
第二步 找出主题句，找关键信息，忽略次要信息。
如课文To Clone or Not to Clone？每段的主题句为：
Para. 1 Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations.
Para. 2 ①______________________________________________________
Para. 3 In January 2018, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists.
For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.
Para. 4 The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.
Para. 5 Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.
Para. 6 ②_____________________________________________________
___________________________
续表
So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up.
依据主题句，可判断概要的写作要点。
第三步 改写关键信息，得出要点。
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句式结构表达相同的意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等。以原文第一段为例，第一、二句是关键信息，第三、四句是例子，为次要信息，可以删去。通过改写单词词性并合并句子，可将此段概括为：
Cloning means to make an exact copy of a plant or animal and natural cloning has been going on for generations.
第四步 添加连接词，使行文连贯。
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。 常用的关联词有： however、 besides、 in addition、 therefore、 instead 等。
[针对练笔]
请根据以上对课文“To Clone or Not to Clone？”内容的分析，写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cloning means to make an exact copy of a plant or animal and natural cloning has been going on for generations.Artificial attempts to clone animals began with the successful cloning of Dolly, the sheep in 1996.After that, scientists have cloned over 20 mammal species.In 2018,
Chinese scientists announced the successful cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the first-ever primates to be cloned.The successful cloning of primates received global praise for its potential in medical research.However, cloning sparks ethical debates. Despite this, researchers advocate for further exploration of cloning.
写作素材储备
(一)背逻辑衔接词
要想清晰地概括出文章中的逻辑关系，就要恰当巧妙地使用衔接词，这些衔接词会为你得高分助一臂之力。
1．表示并列或递进的衔接词
单词 additionally; furthermore; besides; moreover
短语 in addition to; as well as; along with; worse still; apart from
结构 what's worse; to make matters worse; what's more; both ...and ...; not only ...but also ...
2.表示因果的衔接词
表示原因的连词 because; as; for; since
表示原因的 短语和结构 because of; due to; owing to; thanks to; in that; now that; as a result of; the cause of; for fear that; the reason for; seeing that; one reason is that ...
表示结果 的副词 therefore; thus; consequently; hence; accordingly
表示结果的 短语和结构 as a result; the effect of; the consequence of; causing＋n.; leading to＋n.; resulting in＋n.
注意：contribute to、 have an effect on、 owe sth.to是动词短语。 续表
3.表示转折的衔接词
单词 but; however; nevertheless; yet; although; otherwise; instead; despite
短语 on the contrary; even so; even though; in spite of; by contrast; in contrast
结构 no matter who/what/when/where; in spite of the fact that ...
隐含转折或否定意义的词 actually; unfortunately; unexpectedly; unlike; as a matter of fact; in fact; indeed
4．表示对比的衔接词
单词 while; whereas; similarly; alike; meanwhile
短语 和结构 equally important; at the same time; on the one hand ...on the other hand ...; for one thing ...for another ...
5.表示顺序、程度等的衔接词
表示首先 first; first of all; at first; in the first place; primarily; initially
表示 肯定 certainly; definitely; undoubtedly; obviously;
apparently; inevitably; essentially;
interestingly; surely
表示程度 totally; entirely; considerably; relatively
表示最近 情况 recently; in recent years; these years; presently; lately; currently
表示总结 on the whole; in conclusion; in a word; to sum up; in short; in belief; to conclude; in general; generally speaking; significantly; above all; in any case; anyway; in fact; especially; most importantly
续表
(二)背写作佳句
1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的
(1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with ...
这篇论文旨在/涵盖/主要讨论……
(2)The article focuses on the topic of ...
这篇文章的主题是……
2．表示研究的结论
(1)The result showed that ...
结果表明……
(2)The author found that ...
作者发现……
(3)It was concluded that ...
得出的结论是……
3．表示推荐、观点或建议
(1)The author suggests/considers that ...
作者建议/认为……
(2)Suggestions are made for ...
对……提出了建议。
课时检测
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.靓表达升级
1．In recent years, more and more people start to focus on this kind of infectious disease.It spreads crazily across the globe.(定语从句)
→In recent years, more and more people start to focus on this kind of infectious disease, __________________________________.
which spreads crazily across the globe
2．World War Ⅰ had no sooner ended than the Spanish Flu broke out.(倒装句)
→______________________________ than the Spanish Flu broke out.
No sooner had World War Ⅰ ended
3．He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(强调句)
→___________________________________________________ he knew what had happened.
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that
4．To our surprise, about hundreds or thousands of people were infected over six months.(主语从句)
→__________________ is that about hundreds or thousands of people were infected over six months.
What surprises us
5．He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to major in Medicine.(独立主格)
→___________________________________, he decided to major in Medicine.
All the aspects taken into consideration
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你们学校将邀请康医生开设讲座。你校英国交换生Peter想了解讲座的相关事宜。请根据下表内容写一封邮件告知他具体情况。
时间与 网址 下周六下午三点
http：///api/front/index/first
主题与活动形式 流感预防(influenza prevention)；在线收看，留言互动
听讲座前的准备 注册，准备好问题……
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
Learning that you are interested in the lecture on influenza prevention, I am writing to give further information about it.
Doctor Kang will be invited to deliver the lecture scheduled at 3：00 next Saturday afternoon.We are supposed to attend the lecture via the link http：///api/front/index/first, where we can also interact with the professor using the message board.Think about the questions you would like to ask and do remember to sign up before the live-streamed lecture.
If there is still anything you would like to know, just tell me.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ...We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen.We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically.On one level, influenced by diet products, people tend to watch their weight rather than their diet.Diet products make us jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale (秤) instead.All we have to do is to recognize the word “diet” in food labels in the supermarket.On another level, diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.For example, every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients.Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products.Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them.Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals.Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the potential harm that comes from using them.
参考范文：
Nowadays we are obsessed with diet products, which turn out both psychologically and physically harmful.(要点1) First, we are tempted into paying more attention to our physical weight than eating habits. (要点2) People also tend to believe losing weight is effortless, thus causing psychological harm.(要点3) Second, diet products bring about physical harm, for what they contain are not nutrients but potentially dangerous chemicals.(要点4) Accordingly, we should think twice before purchasing diet products and try to say goodbye to them.(要点5)
[阅读拓展训练]
It is a practice favored by many people to improve their focus and bring about calmness in an often busy, distracted world.Now researchers have found evidence that frequent meditation (冥想) over several years, may help change human gut (肠道), boost the body's immune (免疫的) system and reduce the risk of anxiety, depression and heart disease.The findings are published by the British Medical Journal.
Meditation is increasingly used to help treat drug abuse, overwhelming stress, eating disorders and long-lasting pain.But until now it has not been clear whether it could also be able to change the composition of the gut microbiome (微生物组)．In an effort to find out, researchers led by the Shanghai Mental Health Centre at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University analyzed the stool (粪便) and blood samples of 37 Buddhist monks from three temples and 19 residents in the neighboring areas.
The meditation from the ancient Indian medical system is a form of psychological training.The monks in the study had practiced it for at least 2 hours a day for 3－30 years.Both groups were matched for age, blood pressure, heart rate and diet.Stool sample analysis revealed significant differences in the diversity and volume of microbes between the monks and their neighbors.“Bacteria enriched in the meditation group had a positive effect on human physical and mental health，”
the researchers wrote.“This changed gut microbiome composition could improve immune function in the body.” Blood sample analysis also revealed the levels of markers associated with risk of heart disease were significantly lower in the monks.
The researchers emphasized that the study was observational and the number joining was small, all male and living at high altitude, making it difficult to draw any firm or general conclusions.However, based on their findings, the researchers said the role of meditation in helping to prevent or treat mental and physical illness deserved further research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冥想对身心有诸多好处。
1．Why do many people do meditation according to the passage
A．To bring about inner peace.
B．To cure some certain illnesses.
C．To reduce some extra movement.
D．To change the gut microbiome composition.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“improve their focus and bring about calmness ”可知，很多人冥想是因为它能带来内心的平静。
√
2．What did the researchers analyze in their study
A．Stool and blood sample. B．Immune system.
C．Human gut. D．Meditation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an effort to find out ... analyzed the stool and blood samples ”可知，研究人员在他们的研究中分析了粪便和血样。
√
3．According to the study, what contributed to human immune system
A．The drugs taken before.
B．The religion people belong to.
C．The eating habit formed already.
D．The bacteria produced in the meditation.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bacteria enriched in the meditation group ...could improve immune function in the body.”可知，冥想中产生的细菌对人体免疫系统有帮助。
4．What is the major achievement the study made
A．It tracked the joiners over a long period.
B．It explored the way how the bacteria influences the gut microbiome.
C．It involved a large sample size of different genders, age groups, and areas.
D．It provides evidence that meditation changes gut microbiome composition.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Stool sample analysis revealed significant differences ...composition could improve immune function in the body.”可知，研究人员通过研究证实了冥想能改变肠道微生物组的组成。1 / 3
UNIT 9 课时检测(八) Writing Workshop
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.靓表达升级
1．In recent years, more and more people start to focus on this kind of infectious disease.It spreads crazily across the globe.(定语从句)
→In recent years, more and more people start to focus on this kind of infectious disease, ________________________________.
2．World War Ⅰ had no sooner ended than the Spanish Flu broke out.(倒装句)
→____________________________ than the Spanish Flu broke out.
3．He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(强调句)
→_________________________________________________________ he knew what had happened.
4．To our surprise, about hundreds or thousands of people were infected over six months.(主语从句)
→____________________________ is that about hundreds or thousands of people were infected over six months.
5．He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to major in Medicine.(独立主格)
→________________________________， he decided to major in Medicine.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你们学校将邀请康医生开设讲座。你校英国交换生Peter想了解讲座的相关事宜。请根据下表内容写一封邮件告知他具体情况。
时间与网址 下周六下午三点 http：///api/front/index/first
主题与活动形式 流感预防(influenza prevention)；在线收看，留言互动
听讲座前的准备 注册，准备好问题……
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no fat diet, vegetable diet ...We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen.We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us.We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically.On one level, influenced by diet products, people tend to watch their weight rather than their diet.Diet products make us jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale (秤) instead.All we have to do is to recognize the word “diet” in food labels in the supermarket.On another level, diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.For example, every time we have a zero calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause.Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients.Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products.Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them.Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals.Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the potential harm that comes from using them.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[阅读拓展训练]
It is a practice favored by many people to improve their focus and bring about calmness in an often busy, distracted world.Now researchers have found evidence that frequent meditation (冥想) over several years, may help change human gut (肠道), boost the body's immune (免疫的) system and reduce the risk of anxiety, depression and heart disease.The findings are published by the British Medical Journal.
Meditation is increasingly used to help treat drug abuse, overwhelming stress, eating disorders and long lasting pain.But until now it has not been clear whether it could also be able to change the composition of the gut microbiome (微生物组)．In an effort to find out, researchers led by the Shanghai Mental Health Centre at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University analyzed the stool (粪便) and blood samples of 37 Buddhist monks from three temples and 19 residents in the neighboring areas.
The meditation from the ancient Indian medical system is a form of psychological training.The monks in the study had practiced it for at least 2 hours a day for 3－30 years.Both groups were matched for age, blood pressure, heart rate and diet.Stool sample analysis revealed significant differences in the diversity and volume of microbes between the monks and their neighbors.“Bacteria enriched in the meditation group had a positive effect on human physical and mental health，” the researchers wrote.“This changed gut microbiome composition could improve immune function in the body.” Blood sample analysis also revealed the levels of markers associated with risk of heart disease were significantly lower in the monks.
The researchers emphasized that the study was observational and the number joining was small, all male and living at high altitude, making it difficult to draw any firm or general conclusions.However, based on their findings, the researchers said the role of meditation in helping to prevent or treat mental and physical illness deserved further research.
1．Why do many people do meditation according to the passage
A．To bring about inner peace.
B．To cure some certain illnesses.
C．To reduce some extra movement.
D．To change the gut microbiome composition.
2．What did the researchers analyze in their study
A．Stool and blood sample. B．Immune system.
C．Human gut. D．Meditation.
3．According to the study, what contributed to human immune system
A．The drugs taken before.
B．The religion people belong to.
C．The eating habit formed already.
D．The bacteria produced in the meditation.
4．What is the major achievement the study made
A．It tracked the joiners over a long period.
B．It explored the way how the bacteria influences the gut microbiome.
C．It involved a large sample size of different genders, age groups, and areas.
D．It provides evidence that meditation changes gut microbiome composition.
UNIT 9 课时检测(八)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.靓表达升级
1．which spreads crazily across the globe
2．No sooner had World War Ⅰ ended
3．It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that
4．What surprises us
5．All the aspects taken into consideration
Ⅱ.应用文写作
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
Learning that you are interested in the lecture on influenza prevention, I am writing to give further information about it.
Doctor Kang will be invited to deliver the lecture scheduled at 3：00 next Saturday afternoon.We are supposed to attend the lecture via the link http：///api/front/index/first, where we can also interact with the professor using the message board.Think about the questions you would like to ask and do remember to sign up before the live streamed lecture.
If there is still anything you would like to know, just tell me.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.概要写作
参考范文：
Nowadays we are obsessed with diet products, which turn out both psychologically and physically harmful.(要点1) First, we are tempted into paying more attention to our physical weight than eating habits.(要点2) People also tend to believe losing weight is effortless, thus causing psychological harm.(要点3) Second, diet products bring about physical harm, for what they contain are not nutrients but potentially dangerous chemicals.(要点4) Accordingly, we should think twice before purchasing diet products and try to say goodbye to them.(要点5)
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冥想对身心有诸多好处。
1．选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“improve their focus and bring about calmness ”可知，很多人冥想是因为它能带来内心的平静。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an effort to find out ... analyzed the stool and blood samples ”可知，研究人员在他们的研究中分析了粪便和血样。
3．选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bacteria enriched in the meditation group ...could improve immune function in the body.”可知，冥想中产生的细菌对人体免疫系统有帮助。
4．选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Stool sample analysis revealed significant differences ...composition could improve immune function in the body.”可知，研究人员通过研究证实了冥想能改变肠道微生物组的组成。
