Section 4 Focus on Language：Modal Verbs
课时目标 1.在文本中理解情态动词的意义和用法。 2.在语境中使用恰当的情态动词进行表达。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Tom ①could have got to school on time yesterday morning, but he was held up on the way to school in a heavy traffic jam.
“Tom, you ②should have said sorry to me for coming late，” said Mr Smith.
“I ③must be too eager to go into the classroom.I ④can't be too sorry for my coming late！” said Tom.
“Oh, I ⑤must have left my English textbook at home, after I finished my homework last night，” said Tom.“⑥Shall I share it with my classmate？”
“OK, you ⑦may/might as well bring your own textbook next time, but for this time you ⑧can share it with your deskmate，” said Mr Smith.“Now, class, ⑨would you please turn to page 11 ⑩Shall we begin our lesson？”
①处could have done表示本来可以做某事，但实际上没做；
②处should have done 表示本来应该做某事，但实际上没做；
③处must表示肯定推测；
④处can't be too表示无论怎么样都不为过；
⑤处must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测；
⑥⑩处shall表示征求意见；
⑦处may/might as well意为“不妨；倒不如”；
⑧处can表示许可；
⑨处would表示要求。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
②(教材典句)We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property.
③(教材典句)Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”， had to pack his bags.
④(教材典句)“For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene.
⑤(教材典句)The candles were a great sight as you can imagine, but James didn't get to blow them out.
⑥Since nobody could help Mary with her study, she must have finished it by herself.
[我的发现]
通过以上例句，你能归纳出句中情态动词的含义吗？
[规则点拨]
(一)情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示需要、可能、必须、应该等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，大多数情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化(have to除外)，有的情态动词有过去式。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词须同不带 to的动词不定式(have to、 ought to、 used to除外)连用，构成复合谓语。
(二)情态动词的基本用法
1．can/could
(1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。
The smallest good habits can make a big difference.
最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。
It was several minutes before I could take in what he said.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
This can't/couldn't be done by him.
这件事不可能是他做的。
(3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中可以用could代替can，语气更委婉。
Could I use your phone, please
我可以用一下你的电话吗？
(4)表示理论上的可能性。
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries.
要始终相信美好的事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。
(5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
He can't/couldn't do this.
他不可能这样做。(表示不相信)
Can this be done by him
这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶)
(6)用于固定结构中
①can't ...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving.
你开车时越小心越好。
②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing.
听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。
[名师点津] can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”，有更多时态和人称的变化，且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、 ought to、 seem等，还可用非谓语动词形式。
If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.
如果你睡个好觉，那么你就能做出这道题。
He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words.
他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。
She grasped my hand, not being able to say anything. 她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。
[对点练] (根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That ____________ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②____________ you please do me a favor
③You ____________ tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it ____________ be mine.It must be his.
2．may/might
(1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship
我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？
Might I borrow your computer
我可以借一下你的电脑吗？
(2)表示可能性，可以对过去、现在或将来进行推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。
Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their rooms are their own private space. 当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子。但他们也应该理解，孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。
If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house.
如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。
(3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
(4)用于固定结构中：“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“不妨，倒不如”。
Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
[对点练] (根据句意填入适当的情态动词)
①They often run at high speeds, which ________ put our lives in danger.
②He ____________ have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③____________ I have a look at your new computer
3．must/have to
(1)must的用法
①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。
Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.
在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。
②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。其具体用法如下：
must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测
must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测
must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测
I think the old woman must be a nice person.
我认为这位老太太一定是个好人。
Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now.
快点！他们现在一定正在等我们。
③用于否定句中，表示禁止。
Smoking must not be allowed in the office.
严禁在办公室吸烟。
④表示“偏要，非要……不可”。
Must you make so loud noise
你非得弄出这么大声吗？
(2)have to的用法
have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。
I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course.
我还想了解一下我得为这门课程付多少钱。
It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. 就是在那时，我开始欣赏她在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。
[对点练] (选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You ____________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people ____________ drive after drinking alcohol.
③You __________________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time.____________ you play the piano at such a late hour
4．shall
(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall the driver wait outside
司机在外面等着可以吗？
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺他会得到一件生日礼物。
(3)用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
已经声明过，在所有试卷收上来之前，考生必须待在座位上。
5．should/ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower It will make her feel better.
我们为什么不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。
You ought not to be so selfish.
你不应该这么自私。
(2)should表示出乎预料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。
(3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。
He ought to/should be here on time — he started early enough.
他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。
[对点练] (选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we ________________ seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You ____________ have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he ____________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
6．will/would
(1)表示自愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。
—Can someone fetch some water
—I will.
——有人能去取点水来吗？
——我去。
(2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末用won't you表达邀请的语气。
Would you mind opening the window for me
你介意帮我打开窗户吗？
(3)will表示规律性的“注定会”。
Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来评判你。
[对点练] (选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ____________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new computer when you go to Beijing
—You ____________ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
7．need/dare
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。
(1)用作情态动词
—Are you coming with me
—I can't, Alice.I daren't.
——你要和我一起去吗？
——不行，爱丽丝。我不敢。
It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet.
这里很暖和。我们不必开暖气。
(2)用作实义动词
You don't need to do it yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so.
大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①He dares ________________ (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
②My room is in a mess, but I needn't ________ (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
③—Need I hand in the application now
—Yes, you ________. /No, you ________.
(三)情态动词＋have done的用法
1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做过……”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做过……”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
Looking at the large empty apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.
看着又大又空的公寓，我开始意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。
The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.
那个男孩可能已经知道了真相，但我不是很确定。
You can't have seen him just now.He has been abroad for nearly a month.
你刚才不可能看见他，他已经出国近一个月了。
2．表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.
他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中很多人一样。
You needn't have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.
你昨天晚上本不必工作到那么晚，那对你的健康有害。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①You ___________________________________________
for two days' off but you kept silent at that moment.
你本应该解释你休假两天的原因，但当时你却保持了沉默。
②He is still young. You ________________ such an expensive present.
他还小，你本没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。
③—What has happened to George
—I don't know. He __________________.
——乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
④They ________________________ when they worked in the mountain area.
他们在山区工作时肯定受了不少苦。
⑤She __________________________________， but she had to look after her mother in the hospital.
她本该参加你的生日聚会，但她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
⑥George ________________________.His coffee is still warm.
乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。
Ⅰ.选用方框中的情态动词填空
must， may， can， might， ought to， had better， would， should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay.While this situation ①____________ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ②____________ you do First, and most importantly, you ③____________ stay calm.Fear ④____________ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second, you should go to your nearest consulate.They ⑤____________ be able to help to some extent.Third, you ⑥____________ do well to check with some local charities.They ⑦____________ offer help to travellers in need.Fourth, you ⑧____________ avoid getting into trouble.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Knowing that you are keen on art, __________________________ (我迫不及待地想告诉你这段不可思议的经历).
2．I am feeling sick and I _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ (本不应该吃) so much chocolate.
3．Two years later, he ____________________________________ (能把汉语说得很好)．
4．We were badly in need of help then, but we _______________________ (不敢向他求助)．
5．My father suggested that ____________________________ (我应该树立一个明确的目标) and struggle for it.
Section 4 Focus on Language：Modal Verbs
慧学语法
(二)1.[对点练] ①can't ②Could ③can ④can't
2．[对点练] ①may ②may ③Might
3．[对点练] ①must ②mustn't ③don't have to ④Must
5．[对点练] ①should/ought to ②shall ③should
6．[对点练] ①would ②will
7．[对点练] ①to challenge ②clean ③must; needn't
(三)[对点练] ①should have accounted for your absence
②needn't have given him ③may have got lost
④must have suffered a lot
⑤ought to have attended your birthday party
⑥can't have gone too far
[语境综合应用]
Ⅰ.①may ②should ③must ④can ⑤ought to ⑥would ⑦might ⑧had better
Ⅱ.1.I cannot wait to tell you this incredible experience
2．shouldn't have eaten 3.was able to speak very good Chinese
4．dared not to turn to him 5.I should set a clear goal(共84张PPT)
Section 4 Focus on Language：
Modal Verbs
课时目标
1.在文本中理解情态动词的意义和用法。
2.在语境中使用恰当的情态动词进行表达。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Tom ①could have got to school on time yesterday morning, but he was held up on the way to school in a heavy traffic jam.
“Tom, you ②should have said sorry to me for coming late，” said Mr Smith.
“I ③must be too eager to go into the classroom.I ④can't be too sorry for my coming late！” said Tom.
“Oh, I ⑤must have left my English textbook at home, after I finished my homework last night，” said Tom.“⑥Shall I share it with my classmate？”
“OK, you ⑦may/might as well bring your own textbook next time, but for this time you ⑧can share it with your deskmate，” said Mr Smith.“Now, class, ⑨would you please turn to page 11 ⑩Shall we begin our lesson？”
①处could have done表示本来可以做某事，但实际上没做；
②处should have done 表示本来应该做某事，但实际上没做；
③处must表示肯定推测；
④处can't be too表示无论怎么样都不为过；
⑤处must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测；
⑥⑩处shall表示征求意见；
⑦处may/might as well意为“不妨；倒不如”；
⑧处can表示许可；
⑨处would表示要求。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
[自主感知]
①(教材典句)They couldn't relax or read a book without plugging their ears.
②(教材典句)We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property.
③(教材典句)Ma Ming, drummer for the rock band “Storm”， had to pack his bags.
④(教材典句)“For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene.
⑤(教材典句) The candles were a great sight as you can imagine, but James didn't get to blow them out.
⑥Since nobody could help Mary with her study, she must have finished it by herself.
[我的发现]
通过以上例句，你能归纳出句中情态动词的含义吗？
[规则点拨]
(一)情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示需要、可能、必须、应该等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，大多数情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化(have to除外)，有的情态动词有过去式。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词须同不带 to的动词不定式(have to、 ought to、 used to除外)连用，构成复合谓语。
(二)情态动词的基本用法
1．can/could
(1)表示能力，意为“能，会”。
The smallest good habits can make a big difference.
最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。
It was several minutes before I could take in what he said.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
This can't/couldn't be done by him.
这件事不可能是他做的。
(3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中可以用could代替can，语气更委婉。
Could I use your phone, please
我可以用一下你的电话吗？
(4)表示理论上的可能性。
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. 要始终相信美好的事物是可能的，记住失误也会变成经验教训，从而获得更多发现。
(5)用于否定句和疑问句，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
He can't/couldn't do this.
他不可能这样做。(表示不相信)
Can this be done by him
这可能是他做的吗？(表示疑惑、惊讶)
(6)用于固定结构中
①can't ...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving.
你开车时越小心越好。
②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing.
听到这个故事，我禁不住大笑起来。
[名师点津] can和be able to都可以表示能力，二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”，有更多时态和人称的变化，且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用，如might、 ought to、 seem等，还可用非谓语动词形式。
If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.
如果你睡个好觉，那么你就能做出这道题。
He seemed to be able to put complicated thoughts into simple words.
他似乎能把复杂的思想用简单的话语说出来。
She grasped my hand, not being able to say anything.
她抓着我的手，什么话也说不出来。
[对点练] (根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That ________ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②_______ you please do me a favor
③You _____ tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it ______ be mine.It must be his.
can't
Could
can
can't
2．may/might
(1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
May I ask if you are fond of traveling by ship
我可以问一下你是否喜欢乘船旅行？
Might I borrow your computer
我可以借一下你的电脑吗？
(2)表示可能性，可以对过去、现在或将来进行推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。
Parents may scold their children when their rooms are untidy but they should also understand that their rooms are their own private space.
当孩子们的房间不整洁时，父母也许会责骂孩子。但他们也应该理解，孩子们的房间是他们的私人空间。
If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house.
如果你离开时忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。
(3)表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”。
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
(4)用于固定结构中：“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“不妨，倒不如”。
Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
[对点练] (根据句意填入适当的情态动词)
①They often run at high speeds, which _____ put our lives in danger.
②He ______ have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③_______ I have a look at your new computer
may
may
Might
3．must/have to
(1)must的用法
①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。回答must构成的一般疑问句时，若是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意为“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。
Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.
在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。
②must常用于肯定句中，表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。其具体用法如下：
must do 对现在或未来的事进行猜测
must be doing 对正在进行的事进行猜测
must have done 对已经发生的事进行猜测
I think the old woman must be a nice person.
我认为这位老太太一定是个好人。
Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now.
快点！他们现在一定正在等我们。
③用于否定句中，表示禁止。
Smoking must not be allowed in the office.
严禁在办公室吸烟。
④表示“偏要，非要……不可”。
Must you make so loud noise
你非得弄出这么大声吗？
(2)have to的用法
have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有人称和时态的变化。
I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course.
我还想了解一下我得为这门课程付多少钱。
It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.
就是在那时，我开始欣赏她在平衡家庭和工作方面所做出的艰难选择。
[对点练] (选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You _____be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.
③You _____________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time. _____ you play the piano at such a late hour
must
mustn't
don't have to
Must
4．shall
(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall the driver wait outside
司机在外面等着可以吗？
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺他会得到一件生日礼物。
(3)用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
已经声明过，在所有试卷收上来之前，考生必须待在座位上。
5．should/ought to
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 表示责任或义务时，ought to等同于should，只是前者的语气稍重。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower It will make her feel better.
我们为什么不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。
You ought not to be so selfish.
你不应该这么自私。
(2)should表示出乎预料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。
(3)should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。
He ought to/should be here on time — he started early enough.
他应该按时到这里的——他很早就出发了。
[对点练] (选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we ________________ seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You _____ have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
should/ought to
shall
should
6．will/would
(1)表示自愿或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。will指现在，would指过去。
—Can someone fetch some water
—I will.
——有人能去取点水来吗？
——我去。
(2)表示请求或要求，would比will更客气、委婉。而在句末用won't you表达邀请的语气。
Would you mind opening the window for me
你介意帮我打开窗户吗？
(3)will表示规律性的“注定会”。
Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.
穿合适的衣服也很重要，因为当地人会根据你的穿着来评判你。
[对点练] (选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _______
take me to Disneyland at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new computer when you go to Beijing
—You _______ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
would
will
7．need/dare
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；用作实义动词时，可用于各种时态。
(1)用作情态动词
—Are you coming with me —I can't, Alice.I daren't.
——你要和我一起去吗？ ——不行，爱丽丝。我不敢。
It's quite warm here; we needn't turn the heating on yet.
这里很暖和。我们不必开暖气。
(2)用作实义动词
You don't need to do it yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so.
大多数人对哈利敢怒不敢言。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①He dares ____________ (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
②My room is in a mess, but I needn't _______ (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
③—Need I hand in the application now
—Yes, you _______. /No, you _______.
to challenge
clean
must
needn't
(三)情态动词＋have done的用法
1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做过……”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做过……”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
Looking at the large empty apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.
看着又大又空的公寓，我开始意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。
The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.
那个男孩可能已经知道了真相，但我不是很确定。
You can't have seen him just now.He has been abroad for nearly a month.
你刚才不可能看见他，他已经出国近一个月了。
2．表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做
He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.
他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中很多人一样。
You needn't have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.
你昨天晚上本不必工作到那么晚，那对你的健康有害。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①You ___________________________________for two days' off but you kept silent at that moment.
你本应该解释你休假两天的原因，但当时你却保持了沉默。
②He is still young. You _____________________such an expensive present.
他还小，你本没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。
should have accounted for your absence
needn't have given him
③—What has happened to George
—I don't know. He ________________.
——乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
④They _______________________ when they worked in the mountain area.
他们在山区工作时肯定受了不少苦。
may have got lost
must have suffered a lot
⑤She _________________________________________, but she had to look after her mother in the hospital.
她本该参加你的生日聚会，但她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
⑥George ______________________.His coffee is still warm.
乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。
ought to have attended your birthday party
can't have gone too far
Ⅰ.选用方框中的情态动词填空
must， may， can， might， ought to， had better， would， should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation ①_____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ②______ you do
may
should
First, and most importantly, you ③______ stay calm.Fear ④____ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second, you should go to your nearest consulate.They ⑤_________ be able to help to some extent.Third, you ⑥_______ do well to check with some local charities.They ⑦_______ offer help to travellers in need.Fourth, you ⑧_________ avoid getting into trouble.
must
can
ought to
would
might
had better
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Knowing that you are keen on art, _________________________________________________(我迫不及待地想告诉你这段不可思议的经历).
2．I am feeling sick and I ___________________ (本不应该吃) so much chocolate.
I cannot wait to tell you this incredible experience
shouldn't have eaten
3．Two years later, he ________________________________ (能把汉语说得很好)．
4．We were badly in need of help then, but we ________________
_________ (不敢向他求助)．
5．My father suggested that ______________________ (我应该树立一个明确的目标) and struggle for it.
was able to speak very good Chinese
dared not to turn
to him
I should set a clear goal
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Chris _______ go to the opera on Sunday because he is going to have a meeting.
2．Sometimes it ___________ be helpful to use examples to explain abstract concepts.
3．Taking up a job that is worth doing _____ give people mental satisfaction.
can't
might/may
can
4．David, ______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
5．However, you ______ also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
6．It was an easy test and he _________________ (pass), but he didn't.
7．He _________________ (done) it all by himself for there was no one else in the house to turn to for help.
could
must
should have passed
must have done
8．An improvement in living standards ______ be years away.
9．They all said that he _______ come home before the Spring Festival.
10．I ____________________ (work) out the problem, but I was too nervous.
could
might
could have worked
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The police are doing _____________________.
警方正在尽一切可能寻找她。
2．You ___________________ in that company where environmental jobs are better paid.
你可以在那个公司找一份工作，那里与环境相关的工作报酬更高。
all they can to find her
could look for a career
3．You ____________ after a long walk.
走了很长一段路，你一定累了。
4．I'm afraid he ___________________________________ today.
我恐怕他今天不会来参加会议了。
5．He ____________________________ for a long time.
他一定学了很长时间的日语。
must be tired
might not come to attend the meeting
must have learned Japanese
Ⅲ.阅读理解
My name is Nasilele and I am from Zambia. I've been working as a UN Peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years. Before this, I was a pilot in my country's army and I enjoyed my work a lot. However, Zambia is a very peaceful country and I was aware that there are other countries in Africa, where there has been a lot of violent conflicts. I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in the middle of these conflicts, so I signed up with the United Nations.
The Central African Republic is a relatively small country of five million people. Since it got independence from France in the 1950s, there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels (反叛者) who do not want the leaders in power. Often the army has been in conflict with leaders, which has led to many problems. In 2012, a civil war began.
Conflicts between different religions and ethnic groups (种族) were the main causes. Due to this civil war, over one million people were forced to flee their homes and there were many deaths and injuries. In response to this, in 2014, the United Nations established a peacekeeping mission in the country.
My fellow peacekeepers are from many different countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Rwanda and others. This is a good thing as it ensures that there are many different cultures and backgrounds all working towards the same goals. Our roles vary with many different tasks from one day to the next. We monitor cities and villages to ensure that no conflict is occurring, help bring supplies of food and medicine to those who need it and write reports on everything we do and see. Our role never involves violence against others. We are a barrier that can keep people in conflict apart.
As a woman, I am particularly valued by the United Nations Peacekeepers as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country. When they see my role and how others respect me, I hope they feel that they also deserve to be respected and treated equally to men.
My life is not glamorous (富有魅力的) in any way! It's long hours in a very tough environment. I have basic accommodation with just a bed in a shared room and a small kitchen and bathroom. Of course, being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times. However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN Peacekeepers, and that makes it all worthwhile.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己作为联合国维和人员在中非共和国工作的经历。
1．What motivated the author to be a peacekeeper
A．Helping ordinary people in ethnic conflicts.
B．Being a pilot in the United Nations Army.
C．Living in the Central African Republic.
D．Preventing racial conflicts.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in the middle of these conflicts, so I signed up with the United Nations.”可知，想要帮助处于种族冲突中的普通人促使作者成为一名维和人员。
2．What could we learn from paragraph 3
A．Peacekeeping forces must ensure local cultural diversity.
B．Peacekeepers have many different jobs to do every day.
C．Peacekeepers are not required to record their daily work.
D．The job of the peacekeepers is to monitor the behavior of the local people.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our roles vary with many different tasks from one day to the next.”可知，维和人员每天都有许多不同的工作要做。
3．Why do peacekeepers value the author
A．She is a unique woman.
B．Women are desperately needed in peacekeeping forces.
C．She can be a role model for local women.
D．She's a respectable woman.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As a woman, I am particularly valued by the United Nations Peacekeepers as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country.”可知，维和人员重视作者是因为她可以成为当地女性的榜样。
4．How did the author feel about being a peacemaker
A．Puzzled. B．Interesting.
C．Frightened. D．Helpful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN Peacekeepers, and that makes it all worthwhile.”可知，作者认为维和人员的工作是有用的、有帮助的，让中非共和国更加安全。
√
Ⅳ.语法填空
Just an hour after completing her first aid course, Mamta 1 (wait) at a bus stop when she heard a crash and saw a motorcyclist flying through the air — his helmet was going one way and his motorbike the 2 . She could also see a pedestrian (行人) was knocked down.
As other pedestrians stood 3 (shock) by the scene, Mamta 4 (immediate) stepped forward and helped. The motorcyclist's eyes were rolling back; his head and arm 5 (injure), and he was making noises. So she shouted at him，“Can you breathe？”While 6 (give) emergency treatment, the confused motorcyclist actually tried to walk away but Mamta insisted he wait for the ambulance.
Once the motorcyclist was comfortable, Mamta went over 7 (check) on the injured pedestrian and pressed her blouse on his 8 (bleed) arm. Before long, official medical help arrived.
Looking back on the incident, Mamta said, “I'd been asking tons of questions all through that day's course. Little 9 I know that I'd be putting it into practice on my way home. It just shows that even the most basic training can make 10 ifference.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mamta在公交车站遇到一起交通事故后，利用学到的急救知识对伤者进行急救的故事。
1．was waiting 考查时态和主谓一致。此处为“be doing ... when ...”结构，表示“正在做……这时(突然)……”；结合上下文时态可知，应用过去进行时，且主语为单数，故填was waiting。
2．other 考查代词。由“one way”可知，此处指“另一边”，故填other。
3．shocked 考查非谓语动词。空处作主语补足语，且shock与句子主语pedestrians之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填shocked。
4．immediately 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词stepped forward，应用副词形式，故填immediately。
5．were injured 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。injure与主语head and arm之间是动宾关系；由语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语表示复数概念，故填were injured。
6．given 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，由语境可知，应该是“被给予紧急治疗”，give与其逻辑主语motorcyclist之间是被动关系，故填given。
7．to check 考查非谓语动词。Mamta走过去是为了检查受伤的行人，此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to check。
8．bleeding 考查非谓语动词。arm与bleed之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且由语境可知，bleed所表示的动作正在进行，故填bleeding。
9．did 考查倒装句。否定副词Little(一点也不)放在句首，句子用部分倒装，且由从句时态可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填did。
10．a 考查冠词。make a difference意为“起(重要)作用”，为固定搭配。UNIT 11 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：Modal Verbs
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Chris ____________ go to the opera on Sunday because he is going to have a meeting.
2．Sometimes it ____________ be helpful to use examples to explain abstract concepts.
3．Taking up a job that is worth doing ____________ give people mental satisfaction.
4．David, ____________ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
5．However, you ____________ also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.
6．It was an easy test and he ________________ (pass), but he didn't.
7．He ________________ (done) it all by himself for there was no one else in the house to turn to for help.
8．An improvement in living standards ____________ be years away.
9．They all said that he ____________ come home before the Spring Festival.
10．I ________________ (work) out the problem, but I was too nervous.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The police are doing ________________________.
警方正在尽一切可能寻找她。
2．You ________________________ in that company where environmental jobs are better paid.
你可以在那个公司找一份工作，那里与环境相关的工作报酬更高。
3．You ______________________________________________________________ after a long walk.
走了很长一段路，你一定累了。
4．I'm afraid he __________________________________________________________ today.
我恐怕他今天不会来参加会议了。
5．He ________________________ for a long time.
他一定学了很长时间的日语。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
My name is Nasilele and I am from Zambia. I've been working as a UN Peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years. Before this, I was a pilot in my country's army and I enjoyed my work a lot. However, Zambia is a very peaceful country and I was aware that there are other countries in Africa, where there has been a lot of violent conflicts. I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in the middle of these conflicts, so I signed up with the United Nations.
The Central African Republic is a relatively small country of five million people. Since it got independence from France in the 1950s, there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels (反叛者) who do not want the leaders in power. Often the army has been in conflict with leaders, which has led to many problems. In 2012, a civil war began. Conflicts between different religions and ethnic groups (种族) were the main causes. Due to this civil war, over one million people were forced to flee their homes and there were many deaths and injuries. In response to this, in 2014, the United Nations established a peacekeeping mission in the country.
My fellow peacekeepers are from many different countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Rwanda and others. This is a good thing as it ensures that there are many different cultures and backgrounds all working towards the same goals. Our roles vary with many different tasks from one day to the next. We monitor cities and villages to ensure that no conflict is occurring, help bring supplies of food and medicine to those who need it and write reports on everything we do and see. Our role never involves violence against others. We are a barrier that can keep people in conflict apart.
As a woman, I am particularly valued by the United Nations Peacekeepers as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country. When they see my role and how others respect me, I hope they feel that they also deserve to be respected and treated equally to men.
My life is not glamorous (富有魅力的) in any way! It's long hours in a very tough environment. I have basic accommodation with just a bed in a shared room and a small kitchen and bathroom. Of course, being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times. However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN Peacekeepers, and that makes it all worthwhile.
1．What motivated the author to be a peacekeeper
A．Helping ordinary people in ethnic conflicts.
B．Being a pilot in the United Nations Army.
C．Living in the Central African Republic.
D．Preventing racial conflicts.
2．What could we learn from paragraph 3
A．Peacekeeping forces must ensure local cultural diversity.
B．Peacekeepers have many different jobs to do every day.
C．Peacekeepers are not required to record their daily work.
D．The job of the peacekeepers is to monitor the behavior of the local people.
3．Why do peacekeepers value the author
A．She is a unique woman.
B．Women are desperately needed in peacekeeping forces.
C．She can be a role model for local women.
D．She's a respectable woman.
4．How did the author feel about being a peacemaker
A．Puzzled. B．Interesting.
C．Frightened. D．Helpful.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Just an hour after completing her first aid course, Mamta __1__ (wait) at a bus stop when she heard a crash and saw a motorcyclist flying through the air — his helmet was going one way and his motorbike the __2__. She could also see a pedestrian (行人) was knocked down.
As other pedestrians stood __3__ (shock) by the scene, Mamta __4__ (immediate) stepped forward and helped. The motorcyclist's eyes were rolling back; his head and arm __5__ (injure), and he was making noises. So she shouted at him, “Can you breathe？”While __6__ (give) emergency treatment, the confused motorcyclist actually tried to walk away but Mamta insisted he wait for the ambulance. Once the motorcyclist was comfortable, Mamta went over __7__ (check) on the injured pedestrian and pressed her blouse on his __8__ (bleed) arm. Before long, official medical help arrived.
Looking back on the incident, Mamta said, “I'd been asking tons of questions all through that day's course. Little __9__ I know that I'd be putting it into practice on my way home. It just shows that even the most basic training can make __10__ difference.”
UNIT 11 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.can't 2.might/may 3.can 4.could 5.must
6．should have passed 7.must have done 8.could 9.might 10.could have worked
Ⅱ.1.all they can to find her 2.could look for a career
3．must be tired 4.might not come to attend the meeting
5．must have learned Japanese
Ⅲ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己作为联合国维和人员在中非共和国工作的经历。
1．选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in the middle of these conflicts, so I signed up with the United Nations.”可知，想要帮助处于种族冲突中的普通人促使作者成为一名维和人员。
2．选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our roles vary with many different tasks from one day to the next.”可知，维和人员每天都有许多不同的工作要做。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As a woman, I am particularly valued by the United Nations Peacekeepers as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country.”可知，维和人员重视作者是因为她可以成为当地女性的榜样。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN Peacekeepers, and that makes it all worthwhile.”可知，作者认为维和人员的工作是有用的、有帮助的，让中非共和国更加安全。
Ⅳ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mamta在公交车站遇到一起交通事故后，利用学到的急救知识对伤者进行急救的故事。
1．was waiting 考查时态和主谓一致。此处为“be doing ... when ...”结构，表示“正在做……这时(突然)……”；结合上下文时态可知，应用过去进行时，且主语为单数，故填was waiting。
2．other 考查代词。由“one way”可知，此处指“另一边”，故填other。
3．shocked 考查非谓语动词。空处作主语补足语，且shock与句子主语pedestrians之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填shocked。
4．immediately 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词stepped forward，应用副词形式，故填immediately。
5．were injured 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。injure与主语head and arm之间是动宾关系；由语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语表示复数概念，故填were injured。
6．given 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，由语境可知，应该是“被给予紧急治疗”，give与其逻辑主语motorcyclist之间是被动关系，故填given。
7．to check 考查非谓语动词。Mamta走过去是为了检查受伤的行人，此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to check。
8．bleeding 考查非谓语动词。arm与bleed之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且由语境可知，bleed所表示的动作正在进行，故填bleeding。
9．did 考查倒装句。否定副词Little(一点也不)放在句首，句子用部分倒装，且由从句时态可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填did。
10．a 考查冠词。make a difference意为“起(重要)作用”，为固定搭配。
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