Section 2 “Scientific Breakthroughs”的课文习读环节
课时目标 1.略读文章，熟悉话题语境，获取文章的主旨大意。 2.细读文章，找出相关的细节信息并梳理二十世纪重要的发明和发现。 3.运用主题词汇写一篇关于一个重要发现或发明的概要。
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
1．What does the passage mainly talk about？( )
A．Scientific discoveries in our daily lives.
B．Commitment made by great inventors.
C．Changes happen in our everyday lives.
D．Pioneers of the 20th century in science.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The influence of these discoveries or inventions.
Part 2 (Paras.2～6) B．There are many important discoveries and inventions in the 20th century.
Part 3 (Para.7) C．Some representative pioneers and their discoveries or inventions.
文意深度理解
(一)阅读理解
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph？( )
A．People have made amazing discoveries in medicine, communications and transport.
B．It is hard to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century.
C．Scientists have found how to split the atom.
D．The world has changed completely.
[Tip] 如何归纳段落大意
在归纳段落大意时，首先要找到该段的中心句。如果该段没有中心句，在确定该段每句话的信息和功能后，再归纳和概括。课文第一段的第一句是中心句，表明了在20世纪的重大发现中选出最重要的一项不是一件容易的事。后面的句子属于细节支撑，主要解释各个方面的科技发展情况。由此可判断第一段的段意。
2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？( )
A．When he was at work.
B．His assistant helped him.
C．When he was rocking his one year old baby, he was inspired.
D．His dream inspired him.
3．After Alexander Fleming double checked，he realised that ________.( )
A．penicillin was in fact the natural form of the blue mould
B．penicillin was useless to help to save the lives of people
C．he made the greatest breakthrough of the century
D．penicillin could be used to kill bacteria
4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer？( )
A．To do some difficult experiments.
B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C．To help people make mathematical calculations.
D．To replace the missiles and become a new weapon.
5．What is the author's attitude to the pioneers and their achievements？( )
A．Objective. B．Admirable.
C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.
(二)阅读表达
1．What does the WWW enable computers around the world to do
_________________________________________________________________________
2．What role do pioneers in science and technology play
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3．Which discovery or invention do you think has been the most important so far Why
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
内化读文技法
标记关键信息速读文
本文是说明文，写作结构为“总－分－总”。第一段整体介绍了20世纪的许多重要的科学成就。第二至六段详细介绍了20世纪取得重大科学突破的一些科学先驱及其成就。第七段总结了这些科学突破带给人们的影响。 其中在介绍20世纪的重要科学成就时采用了时间顺序的说明手法，阅读时按照时间顺序在文中标记关键信息，便于快速定位和解答。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
赏析：stage为高级词汇，形象地描写了手术的场景。
2．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
赏析：go一词在此是熟词生义的用法，表示“变动，变化”，形象地描述了我们的通信方式由写信变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
[仿写训练] (写出句中黑体词的含义)
①The situation went from bad to worse.____________
②The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.____________
(二)赏句式之高
1．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
赏析：此句是并列句。主语分别是We和scientists，第二个分句中previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。
2．Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
赏析：Although引导让步状语从句；主句是it is possible to single out ...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to single out ...，意为“挑选出”。
[仿写训练] (完成句子)
①The old oak tree, ________________________， stands tall in the park, and its branches are covered with leaves that turn golden under the autumn sun.
这棵古老的橡树，在公园里高高耸立，被许多人欣赏，树枝上长满了在秋日的阳光下变成金色的叶子。
②Although learning a new language is challenging, ________________________ with people from different cultures.
尽管学习一门新语言具有挑战性，但能够与来自不同文化的人们交流是非常值得的。
(三)赏修辞之功
1．“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.”
赏析：此处直接引用了Fleming说的话，增加了文章的真实性和感染力。
2．It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
赏析：此处使用了排比结构来列举爱因斯坦的发现成果，增强了语句的节奏和强调效果。
[仿写训练] (翻译句子并体会修辞手法的使用)
①Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly cured patients, ______________________， ________________， less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残疾。
②According to Albert Einstein, “____________________________________.”
根据阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的说法，“想象力比知识更重要。”
(四)赏结尾之翘
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
赏析：本句为文章最后一句。通过提出一个假设性问题(如果没有这些科学和技术的突破，世界会是怎样)，间接地展望了一个不同的未来。作者运用对比的写作手法强调了这些发现对现代社会不可或缺的作用，使读者对当前世界的成就有了更深的认识，回应了主题。
在探索宇宙奥秘的浩瀚旅程中，我们总会被那些照亮人类智慧的星辰所吸引。爱因斯坦，这位现代物理学的巨匠，以其深邃的思想和非凡的发现，成为我们仰望星空时最亮的那颗星。让我们跟随这篇文章，走进爱因斯坦非凡的一生，感受这位伟大科学家的智慧与温情。
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein, , is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most . Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he
After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. study， earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”
滴水穿石
1．由文积词汇
relativity n． 相对论；相对性
photoelectric adj. 光电的
institution n. 制度；习俗；社会公共机构
take up a position 担任；任职
peculiarity n. 个性；特点
encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n. 邂逅
2．据文悟句式
句①：who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。
句②：“逻辑主语＋现在分词”式的独立主格结构。
句③：“介词＋动名词”结构作时间状语；现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句④：“while＋现在分词”式的状语从句的省略结构。
句⑤：which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That same year。
句⑥：there be句型，其中包含一个嵌套从句：how引导的从句作介词about的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
Section 2 “Scientific Breakthroughs”的课文习读环节
NO.1 精阅读
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.①energy ②theory of relativity ③Alexander Fleming
④lives of millions ⑤accuracy ⑥communicate
Ⅱ.1.D
2．Parts 1～3 BCA
文意深度理解
(一)1～5 BCDBB
(二)1.To communicate with each other.
2．They play an important role in helping people know about the world around us.
3．There are many important discoveries and inventions. I think the Internet is one of the most crucial inventions as it has revolutionized communication and access to information globally.
NO.2 美表达
(一)①变化 ②上演
(二)①appreciated by many people
②it is rewarding to communicate
(三)①less pain; less discomfort
②Imagination is more important than knowledge(共72张PPT)
Section 2 “Scientific Breakthroughs” 的课文习读环节
课时目标
1.略读文章，熟悉话题语境，获取文章的主旨大意。
2.细读文章，找出相关的细节信息并梳理二十世纪重要的发明和发现。
3.运用主题词汇写一篇关于一个重要发现或发明的概要。
目 录
NO.1 精阅读 / 提升阅读“理解力”
NO.2 美表达 / 强化写作“基本功”
NO.3 慧人生 / 以文化人“增才情”
课时检测
精阅读 / 提升阅读“理解力”
NO.1
文意整体把握
energy
theory of relativity
Alexander Fleming
lives of millions
accuracy
communicate
√
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Scientific discoveries in our daily lives.
B．Commitment made by great inventors.
C．Changes happen in our everyday lives.
D．Pioneers of the 20th century in science.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The influence of these discoveries or
inventions.
Part 2 (Paras.2～6) B．There are many important discoveries
and inventions in the 20th century.
Part 3 (Para.7) C．Some representative pioneers and their
discoveries or inventions.
答案：Parts 1～3 BCA
文意深度理解
√
(一)阅读理解
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．People have made amazing discoveries in medicine, communications and transport.
B．It is hard to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century.
C．Scientists have found how to split the atom.
D．The world has changed completely.
[Tip]
如何归纳段落大意
在归纳段落大意时，首先要找到该段的中心句。如果该段没有中心句，在确定该段每句话的信息和功能后，再归纳和概括。课文第一段的第一句是中心句，表明了在20世纪的重大发现中选出最重要的一项不是一件容易的事。后面的句子属于细节支撑，主要解释各个方面的科技发展情况。由此可判断第一段的段意。
√
2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？
A．When he was at work.
B．His assistant helped him.
C．When he was rocking his one-year-old baby，he was inspired.
D．His dream inspired him.
√
3．After Alexander Fleming double-checked，he realised that .
A．penicillin was in fact the natural form of the blue mould
B．penicillin was useless to help to save the lives of people
C．he made the greatest breakthrough of the century
D．penicillin could be used to kill bacteria
4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer
A．To do some difficult experiments.
B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C．To help people make mathematical calculations.
D．To replace the missiles and become a new weapon.
√
5．What is the author's attitude to the pioneers and their achievements
A．Objective. B．Admirable.
C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What does the WWW enable computers around the world to do
To communicate with each other.
2．What role do pioneers in science and technology play
They play an important role in helping people know about the world around us.
3．Which discovery or invention do you think has been the most important so far Why
There are many important discoveries and inventions. I think the Internet is one of the most crucial inventions as it has revolutionized communication and access to information globally.
内化读文技法
标记关键信息速读文
本文是说明文，写作结构为“总－分－总”。第一段整体介绍了20世纪的许多重要的科学成就。第二至六段详细介绍了20世纪取得重大科学突破的一些科学先驱及其成就。第七段总结了这些科学突破带给人们的影响。 其中在介绍20世纪的重要科学成就时采用了时间顺序的说明手法，阅读时按照时间顺序在文中标记关键信息，便于快速定位和解答。
美表达 / 强化写作“基本功”
NO.2
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
赏析：stage为高级词汇，形象地描写了手术的场景。
2．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
赏析：go一词在此是熟词生义的用法，表示“变动，变化”，形象地描述了我们的通信方式由写信变为发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
[仿写训练] (写出句中蓝体词的含义)
①The situation went from bad to worse. ______
②The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet. _____
变化
上演
(二)赏句式之高
1．We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
赏析：此句是并列句。主语分别是We和scientists，第二个分句中previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the atom。
2．Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
赏析：Although引导让步状语从句；主句是it is possible to single out ...，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to single out ...，意为“挑选出”。
[仿写训练] (完成句子)
①The old oak tree, __________________________, stands tall in the park, and its branches are covered with leaves that turn golden under the autumn sun.
这棵古老的橡树，在公园里高高耸立，被许多人欣赏，树枝上长满了在秋日的阳光下变成金色的叶子。
appreciated by many people
②Although learning a new language is challenging, _____________
_______________ with people from different cultures.
尽管学习一门新语言具有挑战性，但能够与来自不同文化的人们交流是非常值得的。
it is rewarding
to communicate
(三)赏修辞之功
1．“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.”
赏析：此处直接引用了Fleming说的话，增加了文章的真实性和感染力。
2．It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
赏析：此处使用了排比结构来列举爱因斯坦的发现成果，增强了语句的节奏和强调效果。
[仿写训练] (翻译句子并体会修辞手法的使用)
①Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly-cured patients, ________________________, less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残疾。
less pain, less discomfort
②According to Albert Einstein, “____________________________
______________.”
根据阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的说法，“想象力比知识更重要。”
Imagination is more important
than knowledge
(四)赏结尾之翘
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
赏析：本句为文章最后一句。通过提出一个假设性问题(如果没有这些科学和技术的突破，世界会是怎样)，间接地展望了一个不同的未来。作者运用对比的写作手法强调了这些发现对现代社会不可或缺的作用，使读者对当前世界的成就有了更深的认识，回应了主题。
慧人生 / 以文化人“增才情”
NO.3
在探索宇宙奥秘的浩瀚旅程中，我们总会被那些照亮人类智慧的星辰所吸引。爱因斯坦，这位现代物理学的巨匠，以其深邃的思想和非凡的发现，成为我们仰望星空时最亮的那颗星。让我们跟随这篇文章，走进爱因斯坦非凡的一生，感受这位伟大科学家的智慧与温情。
he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his
滴水穿石
1．由文积词汇
relativity n． 相对论；相对性
photoelectric adj. 光电的
institution n. 制度；习俗；社会公共机构
take up a position 担任；任职
peculiarity n. 个性；特点
encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n. 邂逅
2．据文悟句式
句①：who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Albert Einstein。
句②：“逻辑主语＋现在分词”式的独立主格结构。
句③：“介词＋动名词”结构作时间状语；现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句④：“while＋现在分词”式的状语从句的省略结构。
句⑤：which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That same year。
句⑥：there be句型，其中包含一个嵌套从句：how引导的从句作介词about的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people.Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by: Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education，research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by: Hanson Robotics(Hong Kong, China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形). The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running，jumping and turning over. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions. For example, it can map your environment, sense barriers, and lift packages.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款机器人。
1．Which of the following can characterize Asimo
A．Its high speed. B．Its facial expressions.
C．Its language ability. D．Its communication skills.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese，Chinese and English.”可知，该机器人可以用三种不同的语言与人交流，即Asimo的主要特征是它的语言能力。
√
2．Which robot is created by China
A．Asimo. B．Sophia.
C．Atlas. D．Spot.
解析：细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics(Hong Kong，China)”可知，Sophia是中国创造的。
√
3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A．They can change their body shapes.
B．They can carry small packages.
C．They can help do some housework.
D．They can detect barriers around.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions ... sense barriers, and lift packages.”可知，Atlas和Spot的共同之处在于它们都可以探测到周围的障碍物。
B
A man rides at full speed on a single-wheeled bike, leaning back on a seat fixed above a recycled tyre as he performs wheelies (杂技). This machine is just one of many crazy inventions from Make It Extreme, a channel run by Michael Mavros and George Shiailis, two best friends who use old materials to create unique and innovative mechanical projects.
The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.
On Make It Extreme, they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves, pushing creative boundaries in the process. They build and design their projects, film and edit the entire process, then finally showcase the results.
“By passionately crafting furniture, engines, tools, toys and vehicles while using our imagination, we try to offer innovative solutions to various mechanical challenges，” explains Mavros. “We've shared this passion since our early years, and now, through our channel, we share it with millions of other people in an easily understandable way.”
For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials. They utilised a 100cc two-stroke engine from an old scooter (摩托车), cutting the sidewalls of a used car tyre and fitting it around a recycled motor. The bike reflects their commitment to sustainability and creativity, purely for the joy and curiosity it brings.
“The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle，” says Mavros. “Our creations are often inspired by things we've encountered before. For example, the Monowheel, where a person sits inside a huge wheel, was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago, and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.”
Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners' latest invention. And Mavros promises that next year will see them create their most daring project yet.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目。他们想用发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。
4．Why do Mavros and Shiailis run Make It Extreme
A．To make profits. B．To earn popularity.
C．To develop hobby. D．To awaken innovation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.”可知，Mavros和Shiailis经营Make It Extreme是为了唤醒创新。
√
5．What do you think of their inventions according to paragraph 5
A．Practical. B．Eco-friendly.
C．Costly. D．Convenient.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials.”可知，他们的发明是环保的。
√
6．What is paragraph 6 mainly about
A．Why the old things were used.
B．Where the Monowheel was found.
C．What their inspirations originated from.
D．How the Monotrack bike was invented.
解析：段落大意题。根据第六段可知，本段的主要内容是他们的灵感来源。
√
7．What can we learn from Mavros and Shiailis in the text
A．Nothing is impossible.
B．Hard work will pay off.
C．Success needs perseverance.
D．Many hands make light work.
√
解析：推理判断题。文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目。他们想用发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。由此可推知，Mavros和Shiailis告诉我们没有什么是不可能的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Alfred Nobel Rests in Peace
People like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa have become famous all around the world. 8 They are all winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.But none of them would have received the recognition it brings if it had not been for one Swedish man, Alfred Nobel.
When Alfred joined the Nobel family company, it had been developing explosives for many years.His father had started the family fortune by working for the Russian army to produce landmines and sea mines.But the family made even more money by manufacturing nitroglycerine, which was a very dangerous explosive.
One day Alfred arrived home to find his 20-year-old brother Emil had been killed in a nitroglycerine explosion. 9 The result was dynamite (炸药), which became an immediate success all over the world.
Alfred Nobel always wanted dynamite to be used for peaceful means.Unfortunately, when the First World War ended, dynamite had been used to take away the lives of thousands of young men. 10 To see his invention being used in this way made him very sad.
Sometime later Alfred's older brother Ludwig died.One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred's obituary (讣告) instead of his brother's.It described Alfred as a man who had become rich by inventing a weapon of mass destruction.After reading the review of his life, Alfred was horrified and decided to use the great fortune he had made to reward people who had been working to promote good in society. 11 The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the person who had done the most, or the best, work to promote friendship between countries, to abolish armies or to hold and promote peace conferences.
In 1997, the Nobel Peace Prize went to an American called Jody Williams for her efforts to get landmines banned. 12 Perhaps now, Alfred Nobel will rest more easily in his grave.
A．And what do they have in common
B．Hence, it was a large amount of money.
C．Alfred was determined to invent a safer explosive.
D．He was so grieved by the accident that he even desired to give up his job.
E．Ironically, of course, the Nobel family fortunes had been built on mines.
F．Alfred had always hated war and considered it to be “the horror of horrors and the greatest of all crimes”．
G．The five awards he created were for physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and, most significantly, peace.
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了诺贝尔奖的创始人Alfred Nobel的一生。
8．解析：选A 根据下文“They are all winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.”可知，此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。故A项(他们有什么共同点呢？)符合语境。
9．解析：选C 根据前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死并结合后文“The result was dynamite”可知，C项(Alfred决定发明一种更安全的炸药)承上启下，符合语境。
10．解析：选F 前文提到一战结束的时候他的发明被用在战争中，空后一句提到“看到他的发明以这种方式被使用令他很伤心”，故F项(Alfred一直痛恨战争，认为它是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的，是最严重的犯罪)承上启下，符合语境。
11．解析：选G 前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人，故G项(他设立的五个奖项是物理学、化学、医学、文学奖，以及最重要的——和平奖)符合语境。该选项进一步说明他设置了什么奖项，并引出后文对诺贝尔和平奖的介绍。
12．解析：选E 根据空前一句可知，1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召禁用地雷的人，故E项(当然，具有讽刺意味的是，诺贝尔家族的财富是建立在地雷上的)承接上文，符合语境。
本课结束
更多精彩内容请登录：www.UNIT 12 课时检测(二) “Scientific Breakthroughs”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people.Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by: Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education，research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by: Hanson Robotics(Hong Kong, China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形). The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running，jumping and turning over. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions. For example, it can map your environment, sense barriers, and lift packages.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
1．Which of the following can characterize Asimo
A．Its high speed.
B．Its facial expressions.
C．Its language ability.
D．Its communication skills.
2．Which robot is created by China
A．Asimo. B．Sophia. C．Atlas. D．Spot.
3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A．They can change their body shapes.
B．They can carry small packages.
C．They can help do some housework.
D．They can detect barriers around.
B
A man rides at full speed on a single wheeled bike, leaning back on a seat fixed above a recycled tyre as he performs wheelies (杂技). This machine is just one of many crazy inventions from Make It Extreme, a channel run by Michael Mavros and George Shiailis, two best friends who use old materials to create unique and innovative mechanical projects.
The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.
On Make It Extreme, they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves, pushing creative boundaries in the process. They build and design their projects, film and edit the entire process, then finally showcase the results.
“By passionately crafting furniture, engines, tools, toys and vehicles while using our imagination, we try to offer innovative solutions to various mechanical challenges，” explains Mavros. “We've shared this passion since our early years, and now, through our channel, we share it with millions of other people in an easily understandable way.”
For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials. They utilised a 100cc two stroke engine from an old scooter (摩托车), cutting the sidewalls of a used car tyre and fitting it around a recycled motor. The bike reflects their commitment to sustainability and creativity, purely for the joy and curiosity it brings.
“The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle，” says Mavros. “Our creations are often inspired by things we've encountered before. For example, the Monowheel, where a person sits inside a huge wheel, was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago, and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.”
Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners' latest invention. And Mavros promises that next year will see them create their most daring project yet.
4．Why do Mavros and Shiailis run Make It Extreme
A．To make profits. B．To earn popularity.
C．To develop hobby. D．To awaken innovation.
5．What do you think of their inventions according to paragraph 5
A．Practical. B．Eco friendly.
C．Costly. D．Convenient.
6．What is paragraph 6 mainly about
A．Why the old things were used.
B．Where the Monowheel was found.
C．What their inspirations originated from.
D．How the Monotrack bike was invented.
7．What can we learn from Mavros and Shiailis in the text
A．Nothing is impossible.
B．Hard work will pay off.
C．Success needs perseverance.
D．Many hands make light work.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Alfred Nobel Rests in Peace
People like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa have become famous all around the world.__8__ They are all winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.But none of them would have received the recognition it brings if it had not been for one Swedish man, Alfred Nobel.
When Alfred joined the Nobel family company, it had been developing explosives for many years.His father had started the family fortune by working for the Russian army to produce landmines and sea mines.But the family made even more money by manufacturing nitroglycerine, which was a very dangerous explosive.
One day Alfred arrived home to find his 20 year old brother Emil had been killed in a nitroglycerine explosion.__9__ The result was dynamite (炸药), which became an immediate success all over the world.
Alfred Nobel always wanted dynamite to be used for peaceful means.Unfortunately, when the First World War ended, dynamite had been used to take away the lives of thousands of young men.__10__ To see his invention being used in this way made him very sad.
Sometime later Alfred's older brother Ludwig died.One newspaper accidentally printed Alfred's obituary (讣告) instead of his brother's.It described Alfred as a man who had become rich by inventing a weapon of mass destruction.After reading the review of his life, Alfred was horrified and decided to use the great fortune he had made to reward people who had been working to promote good in society.__11__ The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the person who had done the most, or the best, work to promote friendship between countries, to abolish armies or to hold and promote peace conferences.
In 1997, the Nobel Peace Prize went to an American called Jody Williams for her efforts to get landmines banned.__12__ Perhaps now, Alfred Nobel will rest more easily in his grave.
A．And what do they have in common
B．Hence, it was a large amount of money.
C．Alfred was determined to invent a safer explosive.
D．He was so grieved by the accident that he even desired to give up his job.
E．Ironically, of course, the Nobel family fortunes had been built on mines.
F．Alfred had always hated war and considered it to be “the horror of horrors and the greatest of all crimes”．
G．The five awards he created were for physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and, most significantly, peace.
UNIT 12 课时检测(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款机器人。
1．选C 细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese，Chinese and English.”可知，该机器人可以用三种不同的语言与人交流，即Asimo的主要特征是它的语言能力。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics(Hong Kong，China)”可知，Sophia是中国创造的。
3．选D 细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions ... sense barriers, and lift packages.”可知，Atlas和Spot的共同之处在于它们都可以探测到周围的障碍物。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目。他们想用发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。
4．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段“The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.”可知，Mavros和Shiailis经营Make It Extreme是为了唤醒创新。
5．选B 细节理解题。根据第五段的“For its 100th video, Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike, constructed entirely from recycled and old materials.”可知，他们的发明是环保的。
6．选C 段落大意题。根据第六段可知，本段的主要内容是他们的灵感来源。
7．选A 推理判断题。文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目。他们想用发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。由此可推知，Mavros和Shiailis告诉我们没有什么是不可能的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了诺贝尔奖的创始人Alfred Nobel的一生。
8．选A 根据下文“They are all winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.”可知，此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。故A项(他们有什么共同点呢？)符合语境。
9．选C 根据前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死并结合后文“The result was dynamite”可知，C项(Alfred决定发明一种更安全的炸药)承上启下，符合语境。
10．选F 前文提到一战结束的时候他的发明被用在战争中，空后一句提到“看到他的发明以这种方式被使用令他很伤心”，故F项(Alfred一直痛恨战争，认为它是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的，是最严重的犯罪)承上启下，符合语境。
11．选G 前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人，故G项(他设立的五个奖项是物理学、化学、医学、文学奖，以及最重要的——和平奖)符合语境。该选项进一步说明他设置了什么奖项，并引出后文对诺贝尔和平奖的介绍。
12．选E 根据空前一句可知，1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召禁用地雷的人，故E项(当然，具有讽刺意味的是，诺贝尔家族的财富是建立在地雷上的)承接上文，符合语境。
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