Section 3 “Scientific Breakthroughs”的新知学习环节
课时目标 1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。 2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．under the microscope 在______________下
2．launch a satellite 发射______________
3．the outspoken young man ____________年轻人
4．another important finding 另一个重要________
5．a blue mould in the dish盘子里的蓝色________
6．remain humble 保持______________
7．an officer in the navy ______________军官
8．improve the accuracy of the missile
提高________的精度
9．a joint effort ______________努力
10．a tube of toothpaste 一____________牙膏
11．an electrical circuit __________________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．________ an investigation 发起一项调查
2．the earth's ________ around the sun
地球环绕太阳的轨道
3．________ the atom 分裂原子
4．________ differences 察觉区别
5．save the lives of ________ 拯救数百万人的生命
6．the amazing ________ 惊人的结果
7．a nuclear ________ 核物理学家
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．proposal： al名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①arrival 到达；到来
②approval 赞成，同意
③survival 幸存；幸存者
2．accuracy： cy名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①emergency 紧急情况；突发事件
②fluency 流利；流畅
③frequency 频率；频繁
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________ 算出；弄明白
2．________________ 更不用说，且不说
3．________________ 在……范围内变化
4．________________ 挑出；挑选
5．________________ 随着……的引进
6．________________ 回来；记起；恢复原状；重新流行
7．________________ 转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动
8．________________ 处理；涉及；做生意
9．________________ 没有什么能比得上；一点也不像
10．________________ 打开；发动；攻击
11．________________ 出去；熄灭；过时
12．________________ 致力于；献身于
13．________________ 在……链中
重点词汇·深化学习
1．Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
★not to mention 更不用说；且不说
[用法感知]
①The boy hasn't learnt arithmetic, not to mention algebra.
这个男孩算数还没学会，更谈不上代数了。
②(“心理描写”佳句)We were cold, wet and hungry, not to mention extremely tired.
我们感到寒冷、潮湿和饥饿，更不用说疲惫不堪了。
[归纳点拨]
not to mention是不定式分句，作连接性状语，表示意义的增补。连接性状语用以连接句子、分句、词组等。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③He has ten big houses in this country, ________________ his villa in France.
他在这个国家有十幢大房子，更不用说他在法国的别墅了。
④It's too far to walk, _________________________________________________
it has probably been closed by now.
走着去太远了，更不用说它现在可能已经关闭了。
⑤________________________________________________________________________ I felt about other people.
更不用说我感觉其他人怎么样了。
2．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
★donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类佳句)Our school called on us to donate our pocket money to the school damaged by the flood, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
我们学校呼吁我们把零用钱捐给被洪水破坏的学校，让学生们能够回到教室。
②(“活动介绍”佳句)Our school has arranged to carry out a donation for those in need, whose aim is to raise students' awareness of the charity.
我们学校安排了一次为有需要的人捐款的活动，其目的是提高学生对慈善事业的认识。
[归纳点拨]
(1)donate sth.to sb. 向某人捐献某物
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物，捐款
give/make a donation to ... 向……捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者，赠送者
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③She made a will, in which she said she would donate all of her body parts ____________ those who needed them.
④He drove to the blood bank to make a ____________ (donate) to the local hospital.
⑤The ____________ refused to tell his name after ____________ a large sum of money.(donate)
(2)一句多译
虽然他非常喜欢这本故事书，但他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。
⑥Much as he liked the story book, he ________________________.(donate)
⑦Much as he liked the story book, he ________________________.(donation)
3．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
★correspond vi.通信；相当于；符合，相一致
[用法感知]
①We have too many high sounding words, and too few actions that correspond to/with them.
我们夸夸其谈的话太多，与之对应的行动却太少。
②What we say should be in correspondence with what we do.
我们应该言行一致。
[归纳点拨]
(1)correspond with sb. 和某人通信
correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致
correspond to ... 相当于……，类似于……
(2)correspondence n. 相符，一致；通信联系
in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/同义句转换)
③The marks on the products don't correspond ____________ the goods I purchased on the Internet.
④What she just said isn't in ____________ (correspond) with the views of the majority.
⑤When corresponding ____________ your foreign friends, you should give them your detailed address.
⑥It's a coincidence that your account of the events corresponds with hers.
→It's a coincidence that your account of the events _______________________________ hers.
★instant adj.立刻的，马上的 n．瞬间，片刻
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”佳句)In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the freezing water to save the drowning child.
就在一瞬间，他脱下外套，跳进冰冷的水中去救那个溺水的孩子。
②(“心理描写”佳句)The instant Sarah said it, she realized she had made a mistake.
萨拉一说这话，就意识到自己犯了个错误。
归纳点拨 (1)in an instant 立即地the instant 一……就…… (2)instantly adv. 立即地conj. 一……就……
名师点津 instantly＝the instant，用作连词相当于immediately、directly、the minute、the moment、as soon as。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③Those words refreshed me ____________ an instant.It guided me to a new life.
④I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ____________ (instant) I picked up the phone.
(2)一句多译
她一停止提问，我就起身走出房间。
⑤_________________________________， I got up and went out of the room.(as soon as)
⑥________________________________________________________________________，
I got up and went out of the room.(副词用作连词)
⑦________________________， I got up and went out of the room.(the＋瞬间名词)
4．...at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
★split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
[用法感知]
①(“心理描写”佳句)After splitting up with her partner, she got emotional and couldn't help crying.
和她的伙伴分手后，她变得很情绪化，禁不住哭了。
②(“场景描写”佳句)The boat whistled past, making the water in the river split open.
船鸣着汽笛开过，划开了水面。
[归纳点拨]
split up 分裂，分离；分手
split away/off (from sth.) (使从……中)脱离，分裂出去，分离
split on sb.(to sb.) (向某人)告发，揭发某人
split sth.(between sb./sth.) 分担；分摊；分享
split (sth.) into (sth.) (把……)分开，使分开
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Research suggests that children whose parents split ____________ are more likely to drop out of high school.
④The storm split a branch off ____________ the main trunk.
⑤She _______________________________________________________ groups of four.
她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。
5．Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
★relativity n．相对性
[用法感知]
①After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
毕竟，从宇宙结构到时间和空间的相对性，科学家们在大多数事情上都是对的。
②When we look up at the night sky and wonder whether there is anyone else out there, we're actually asking who we are in relation to the universe.
当我们仰望夜空，想知道是否还有其他人在那里时，我们实际上是在问，相对于宇宙而言，我们是谁。
③(“人物介绍”佳句)Compared with his brother, Bob is even more sensitive to emotional and relationship problems.
与他的哥哥相比，鲍勃对感情和人际关系问题更加敏感。
[归纳点拨]
(1)relate vi.& vt. 联系，把……与……联系起来；
叙述，讲述
be related to 与……有关系
relate ...to/with ... 把……与……联系起来
relate to ... 和……有关联；了解，体恤
(2)relation n. 关系；关联；亲属关系
in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比
have no relation to 与……没关系
(3)relationship n. 关系
(4)relative adj. 相对的；有关系的
n. 亲戚；相关物
(5)relatively adv. 相对地
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is considerate of you to call on your ____________ (relate) from time to time.
⑤I need to talk to you on a matter of ____________ (relative) great personal importance.
⑥Einstein's theory of ____________ (relative) earned him universal esteem.
⑦It is requested that all the articles ________________________ students' life.
据要求所有的文章都要与学生的生活相关。
⑧Have you read the report ________________ the 2025 World Games on the Internet
你在网上读了有关2025年世界运动会的报道吗？
★constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)The whole meaning of life lies in the continuous research of the unknown, and lies in the constant progress of gaining knowledge.
生命的全部意义在于不断地探索未知，在于不断地获得知识。
②(“生活方式”主题佳句)My future seemed clouded and uncertain, and I constantly sought approval from others. 我的未来似乎不明朗，充满不确定性，我不断地寻求别人的认可。
[归纳点拨]
(1)constantly adv. 不断地
(2)constancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③His report was so exciting that it was __________ (constant) interrupted by applause.
④What's more, it was ____________________ that inspired me to be confident.
更重要的是，正是你不断的鼓励，激发了我的自信。
⑤He _______________________________________________________________.
他不断地谈到他的工作。
1．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
(1)本句中we correspond为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
(2)当the way表示“方式，方法”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：
the way作先行词时，若从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或in which，也可以将引导词省略。若从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或which，作宾语时可省略。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(用适当的关系代词或“介词＋关系代词”填空)
①The villagers thought highly of the way ________________ we treated the beggar.
②The way ____________ you told me wasn't practical.
③He suggested settling the problem in a way ____________ was peaceful.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2023·浙江1月高考写作)在植物园里，我了解了一些植物适应环境的方式。
In the botanic garden, I knew about the ways
________________________________________________________________________.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我提议的方法就是你让三到四个同学一组，其中一个做小组长。
The way ________________________ is that you put three to four students together, with one working as a leader.
⑥帮助你取得进步的方法就是多练习。
The way _________________________________________________ is to practice more.
2．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
如果没有这些科技先驱取得的突破，不管这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
本句为without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。常见的介词短语有without ...“没有……”；but for...“要不是……”；常用的连词有or/otherwise“否则(要不然)”等。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①I would have failed in the examination if you hadn't helped me.
→I would have failed in the examination ________________________.
②If you hadn't just rescued him in time, the boy would have been drowned.
→________________________， the boy would have been drowned.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)没有Youth，我的高中生活可能会非常枯燥，我也不可能取得今天的成就。
Without Youth, my high school life ________________________ and I couldn't have today's achievements.
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一方面，如果没有他耐心和大力的帮助，我的数学不会取得这么大的进步。
For one thing, I ________________________________________________ without his patient and considerable assistance.
Section 3 “Scientific Breakthroughs”的新知学习环节
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.显微镜 2.人造卫星 3.坦率的 4.发现 5.霉菌 6.谦虚
7．海军 8.导弹 9.共同 10.管 11.电路
二、1.launch 2.orbit 3.split 4.perceive 5.millions
6．outcome 7.physicist
三、1.①scientific ②science ③scientists
2．①donate ②donation ③donor
3．①correspond ②correspondence 4.①instant ②instantly
5．①subsequently ②subsequent 6.①relativity ②relate ③relative
7．①constant ②constantly 8.①biologists ②biology
9．①accuracy ②accurate ③accurately
10．①efficiently ②efficient ③efficiency 11.①propose ②proposal
五、1.figure out 2.not to mention 3.range from ... to ...
4．single out 5.with the introduction of 6.come back
7．turn to 8.deal with 9.nothing like 10.turn on
11．go out 12.be dedicated to 13.in the chain of
重点词汇·深化学习
1．③not to mention ④not to mention the fact that
⑤Not to mention how
2．③to ④donation ⑤donor; donating
⑥donated it to the charity ⑦made a donation to the charity
3．★③to/with ④correspondence ⑤with ⑥is in correspondence with
★③in ④instantly ⑤As soon as she stopped asking questions
⑥Instantly/Immediately/Directly she stopped asking questions
⑦The moment/instant/minute she stopped asking questions
4．③up ④from ⑤split the class into
5．★④relatives ⑤relatively ⑥relativity
⑦(should) be related to ⑧in/with relation to
★③constantly ④your constant encouragement
⑤talked constantly about his work
NO.2 通句式
1．①(in which/that) ②(that/which) ③which/that
④(that/in which) some plants adapted to their surroundings ⑤(that/which) I suggest
⑥that/which can help you make progress
2．①without your help ②But for your timely rescue
③could be pretty dull
④wouldn't have made such great progress in maths(共94张PPT)
Section 3 “Scientific Breakthroughs”
的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。
2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
目 录
NO.1 积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.2 通句式 / 由规则到熟用
课时检测
积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.1
新学词汇 归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．under the microscope 在_________下
2．launch a satellite 发射__________
3．the outspoken young man _________年轻人
4．another important finding 另一个重要_____
显微镜
人造卫星
坦率的
发现
5．a blue mould in the dish 盘子里的蓝色 ______
6．remain humble 保持_____
7．an officer in the navy _____军官
8．improve the accuracy of the missile 提高 _____ 的精度
9．a joint effort _____努力
10．a tube of toothpaste 一____ 牙膏
11．an electrical circuit ______
霉菌
谦虚
海军
导弹
共同
管
电路
二、重点单词——写其形
1．________ an investigation 发起一项调查
2．the earth's ______ around the sun 地球环绕太阳的轨道
3．_______ the atom 分裂原子
4．________ differences 察觉区别
5．save the lives of _______ 拯救数百万人的生命
6．the amazing ________ 惊人的结果
7．a nuclear ________ 核物理学家
launch
orbit
split
perceive
millions
outcome
physicist
三、活用单词——悉其变
scientific
science
scientists
donate
donation
donor
correspond
correspondence
instant
instantly
subsequently
subsequent
relativity
relate
relative
constant
constantly
biologists
biology
accuracy
accurate
accurately
efficiently
efficient
efficiency
propose
proposal
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．proposal：-al名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①arrival 到达；到来
②approval 赞成，同意
③survival 幸存；幸存者
2．accuracy：-cy名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①emergency 紧急情况；突发事件
②fluency 流利；流畅
③frequency 频率；频繁
五、高级词块——通其用
1．___________ 算出；弄明白
2．_____________ 更不用说，且不说
3．________________ 在……范围内变化
4．___________ 挑出；挑选
5．_____________________ 随着……的引进
6．___________ 回来；记起；恢复原状；重新流行
figure out
not to mention
range from ... to ...
single out
with the introduction of
come back
7．_______ 转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动
8．_________ 处理；涉及；做生意
9．___________ 没有什么能比得上；一点也不像
10．________ 打开；发动；攻击
11．_______ 出去；熄灭；过时
12．_____________ 致力于；献身于
13．_____________ 在……链中
turn to
deal with
nothing like
turn on
go out
be dedicated to
in the chain of
重点词汇 深化学习
1．Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
★not to mention 更不用说；且不说
[用法感知]
①The boy hasn't learnt arithmetic, not to mention algebra.
这个男孩算数还没学会，更谈不上代数了。
②(“心理描写”佳句)We were cold, wet and hungry, not to mention extremely tired.
我们感到寒冷、潮湿和饥饿，更不用说疲惫不堪了。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③He has ten big houses in this country, _______________ his villa in France. 他在这个国家有十幢大房子，更不用说他在法国的别墅了。
④It's too far to walk, ________________________ it has probably been closed by now.
走着去太远了，更不用说它现在可能已经关闭了。
⑤___________________ I felt about other people.
更不用说我感觉其他人怎么样了。
not to mention
not to mention the fact that
Not to mention how
2．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
★donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类佳句)Our school called on us to donate our pocket money to the school damaged by the flood, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
我们学校呼吁我们把零用钱捐给被洪水破坏的学校，让学生们能够回到教室。
②(“活动介绍”佳句)Our school has arranged to carry out a donation for those in need, whose aim is to raise students' awareness of the charity.
我们学校安排了一次为有需要的人捐款的活动，其目的是提高学生对慈善事业的认识。
[归纳点拨]
(1)donate sth.to sb. 向某人捐献某物
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐赠物，捐款
give/make a donation to ... 向……捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者，赠送者
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③She made a will, in which she said she would donate all of her body parts ____ those who needed them.
④He drove to the blood bank to make a ________ (donate) to the local hospital.
⑤The _______ refused to tell his name after _________ a large sum of money.(donate)
to
donation
donor
donating
(2)一句多译
虽然他非常喜欢这本故事书，但他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。
⑥Much as he liked the story book, he _____________________.(donate)
⑦Much as he liked the story book, he ____________________________.
(donation)
donated it to the charity
made a donation to the charity
3．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
★correspond vi.通信；相当于；符合，相一致
[用法感知]
①We have too many high-sounding words, and too few actions that correspond to/with them.
我们夸夸其谈的话太多，与之对应的行动却太少。
②What we say should be in correspondence with what we do.
我们应该言行一致。
[归纳点拨]
(1)correspond with sb. 和某人通信
correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致
correspond to ... 相当于……，类似于……
(2)correspondence n. 相符，一致；通信联系
in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/同义句转换)
③The marks on the products don't correspond _________ the goods I purchased on the Internet.
④What she just said isn't in ______________ (correspond) with the views of the majority.
⑤When corresponding ______ your foreign friends, you should give them your detailed address.
to/with
correspondence
with
⑥It's a coincidence that your account of the events corresponds with hers.
→It's a coincidence that your account of the events _________
_____________________ hers.
is in
correspondence with
★instant adj.立刻的，马上的 n．瞬间，片刻
[用法感知]
①(“动作描写”佳句)In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the freezing water to save the drowning child.
就在一瞬间，他脱下外套，跳进冰冷的水中去救那个溺水的孩子。
②(“心理描写”佳句)The instant Sarah said it, she realized she had made a mistake.
萨拉一说这话，就意识到自己犯了个错误。
归纳点拨 (1)in an instant 立即地
the instant 一……就……
(2)instantly adv. 立即地
conj. 一……就……
名师点津 instantly＝the instant，用作连词相当于immediately、directly、the minute、the moment、as soon as。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③Those words refreshed me ____ an instant.It guided me to a new life.
④I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _________
(instant) I picked up the phone.
in
instantly
(2)一句多译
她一停止提问，我就起身走出房间。
⑤___________________________________, I got up and went out of the room.(as soon as)
⑥_____________________________________________________, I got up and went out of the room.(副词用作连词)
⑦_____________________________________________________, I got up and went out of the room.(the＋瞬间名词)
As soon as she stopped asking questions
Instantly/Immediately/Directly she stopped asking questions
The moment/instant/minute she stopped asking questions
4．...at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
★split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
[用法感知]
①(“心理描写”佳句)After splitting up with her partner, she got emotional and couldn't help crying.
和她的伙伴分手后，她变得很情绪化，禁不住哭了。
②(“场景描写”佳句)The boat whistled past, making the water in the river split open.
船鸣着汽笛开过，划开了水面。
[归纳点拨]
split up 分裂，分离；分手
split away/off (from sth.) (使从……中)脱离，分裂出去，分离
split on sb.(to sb.) (向某人)告发，揭发某人
split sth.(between sb./sth.) 分担；分摊；分享
split (sth.) into (sth.) (把……)分开，使分开
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Research suggests that children whose parents split ___ are more likely to drop out of high school.
④The storm split a branch off _____ the main trunk.
⑤She __________________ groups of four.
她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。
up
from
split the class into
5．Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them.
爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
★relativity n．相对性
[用法感知]
①After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
毕竟，从宇宙结构到时间和空间的相对性，科学家们在大多数事情上都是对的。
②When we look up at the night sky and wonder whether there is anyone else out there, we're actually asking who we are in relation to the universe.
当我们仰望夜空，想知道是否还有其他人在那里时，我们实际上是在问，相对于宇宙而言，我们是谁。
③(“人物介绍”佳句)Compared with his brother, Bob is even more sensitive to emotional and relationship problems.
与他的哥哥相比，鲍勃对感情和人际关系问题更加敏感。
[归纳点拨]
(1)relate vi.& vt. 联系，把……与……联系起来；
叙述，讲述
be related to 与……有关系
relate ...to/with ... 把……与……联系起来
relate to ... 和……有关联；了解，体恤
(2)relation n. 关系；关联；亲属关系
in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比
have no relation to 与……没关系
(3)relationship n. 关系
(4)relative adj. 相对的；有关系的
n. 亲戚；相关物
(5)relatively adv. 相对地
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is considerate of you to call on your _________ (relate) from time to time.
⑤I need to talk to you on a matter of _________ (relative) great personal importance.
⑥Einstein's theory of _________ (relative) earned him universal esteem.
relatives
relatively
relativity
⑦It is requested that all the articles _________________________
students' life.
据要求所有的文章都要与学生的生活相关。
⑧Have you read the report _________________ the 2025 World Games on the Internet
你在网上读了有关2025年世界运动会的报道吗？
(should) be related to
in/with relation to
★constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)The whole meaning of life lies in the continuous research of the unknown, and lies in the constant progress of gaining knowledge.
生命的全部意义在于不断地探索未知，在于不断地获得知识。
②(“生活方式”主题佳句)My future seemed clouded and uncertain, and I constantly sought approval from others.
我的未来似乎不明朗，充满不确定性，我不断地寻求别人的认可。
[归纳点拨]
(1)constantly adv. 不断地
(2)constancy n. 坚定不移；恒久不变
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③His report was so exciting that it was _____________ (constant) interrupted by applause.
④What's more, it was _________________________ that inspired me to be confident.
更重要的是，正是你不断的鼓励，激发了我的自信。
⑤He ______________________________.
他不断地谈到他的工作。
constantly
your constant encouragement
talked constantly about his work
通句式 / 由规则到熟用
NO.2
1．Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
(1)本句中we correspond为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
(2)当the way表示“方式，方法”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：
the way作先行词时，若从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或in which，也可以将引导词省略。若从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或which，作宾语时可省略。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(用适当的关系代词或“介词＋关系代词”填空)
①The villagers thought highly of the way _____________ we treated the beggar.
②The way ______________ you told me wasn't practical.
③He suggested settling the problem in a way ___________was peaceful.
(in which/that)
(that/which)
which/that
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(2023·浙江1月高考写作)在植物园里，我了解了一些植物适应环境的方式。
In the botanic garden, I knew about the ways ___________________
_________________________________.
(that/in which) some
plants adapted to their surroundings
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)我提议的方法就是你让三到四个同学一组，其中一个做小组长。
The way ____________________ is that you put three to four students together, with one working as a leader.
⑥帮助你取得进步的方法就是多练习。
The way __________________________________is to practice more.
(that/which) I suggest
that/which can help you make progress
2．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
如果没有这些科技先驱取得的突破，不管这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
本句为without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。常见的介词短语有without ...“没有……”；but for...“要不是……”；常用的连词有or/otherwise“否则(要不然)”等。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①I would have failed in the examination if you hadn't helped me.
→I would have failed in the examination ___________________.
②If you hadn't just rescued him in time, the boy would have been drowned.
→________________________, the boy would have been drowned.
without your help
But for your timely rescue
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)没有Youth，我的高中生活可能会非常枯燥，我也不可能取得今天的成就。
Without Youth, my high school life _____________________ and I couldn't have today's achievements.
could be pretty dull
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一方面，如果没有他耐心和大力的帮助，我的数学不会取得这么大的进步。
For one thing, I __________________________________________
without his patient and considerable assistance.
wouldn't have made such great progress in maths
课时检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The successful _________ (发射) of Shenzhou-18 is remarkable and deserves celebration.
2．It is generally believed that _________ (持续不断的) reading and comprehending can strengthen our mental ability.
launch
constant
3．While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in ______ (轨道), there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.
4．She ______ (分开) the money she won with her brother.
5．One of the main _______ (发现) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.
6．I soon __________ (察觉到) that I could not make him change his mind.
orbit
split
findings
perceived
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We need to be more ________(science) about this problem.
2．You can of course help by giving them a __________ (donate) directly.
3．On behalf of all the students in our class, I wish you make a quick recovery and keep _____________ (correspond) with us.
scientific
donation
corresponding
4．Some news will excite their readers _________ (instant) while others won't.
5．_____________ (subsequent), new guidelines were issued to all employees.
6．The principle of __________ (relative) is one of the most fundamental principles in physics.
7．__________ (biology) Edmond Mouton runs the nutria (海狸鼠) control program for Louisiana.
instantly
Subsequently
relativity
Biologist
8．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and ___________
(accurate) of its tellers.
9．Due to its ability to _________ (efficient) pass knowledge across large groups of people, fewer teachers may be needed in some schools.
10．The __________ (physics) represented his abstract theory to the students in a simple way.
accuracy
efficiently
physicist
Ⅲ.选词填空
figure out, nothing like, turn to, not to mention, deal with, with the development of
1．Our lives will be better and better _________________________
science and technology.
2．Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, _______
_________ the youth.
with the development of
not to
mention
3．It is difficult to ___________ a global population of polar bears.
4．I still want to have my parents to _______whenever I need help.
5．Learning to __________ the social world is equally important.
6．It's ___________ what happened in the mid-seventies.
figure out
turn to
deal with
nothing like
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．____________________________, we couldn't have taken the doctors and nurses to the earthquake-stricken area last week.
没有你们的无私帮助，我们上周就不可能把医生和护士送到地震灾区。
2．I don't like the way ____________________________________.
我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
Without your selfless assistance
(that/in which) he talks with his parents
3．The singer ____________________________dreams of forming his own band.
让我们颇感兴趣的那位歌手梦想着成立自己的乐队。
4．________________ combine a career with being a mother.
同时既干事业又做母亲是可能的。
5．____________________________________________, they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但它们现在是至关重要的。
in whom we have great interest
It is possible to
Although these measures are not effective forever
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Scientific Breakthroughs
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.But it is possible ①_________ (single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century.One of the 20th century's premier scientists ②_____ (be) Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man ③_____________ (rock) his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.Subsequently, “E＝mc2” was born.
to single
was
was rocking
Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around ④______ the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin.During the Second World War, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the ⑤_________ (accurate) of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert, an ⑥________ (engine), and Mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce ⑦__ machine which was the world's first computer to do the job.
which
accuracy
engineer
a
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled ⑧__________ (computer) all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.⑨_________ the breakthroughs of these pioneers, the world as we know it today would be a ⑩___________ (complete) different place.
computers
Without
completely
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 1 regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．
The family was on a very tight 2 . However, his parents 3 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a(n) 4 for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was 5 to earn a living, he changed to 6 .
He was not a(n) 7 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 8 school. Later, he owed his success to his 9 . He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 10 some of the most difficult scientific problems.
Pasteur's 11 research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, 12 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to 13 research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 14 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award 15 in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。
1．A.predictions B．discoveries
C．methods D．performances
解析：根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization”可知，这些都是科学发现。
√
2．A.turn B．schedule
C．relationship D．budget
解析：根据空后的“However, his parents education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。
√
3．A.valued B．overestimated
C．sharpened D．assigned
解析：根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好的学校。
√
4．A.demand B．temptation
C．passion D．inspiration
解析：根据下文“When he realized that art was to earn a living, he changed to .”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。
√
5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely
C．unexpected D．uneventful
解析：根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。
√
6．A.geography B．mathematics
C．politics D．chemistry
解析：根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific ”可知，他后来成了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。
√
7．A.considerate B．intelligent
C．lifelong D．close
解析：根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his school”可知，他并不是一个聪明的学生。
√
8．A.desired B．approved
C．engaged D．varied
解析：根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常识可知，他最终进入了自己想要去的学校。
√
9．A.fame B．routine
C．perseverance D．blessing
解析：根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。
√
10．A.fundraising B．tackling
C．motivating D．occupying
解析：根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决，处理”。
√
11．A.overnight B．joint
C．monthly D．early
解析：根据下文“His wife, Marie, supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。
√
12．A.actively B．objectively
C．humbly D．nobly
解析：根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。
√
13．A.turn down B．cope with
C．work out D．take up
解析：根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。
√
14．A.devote B．treat
C．find D．commit
解析：根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是找到疾病的起因。
√
15．A.available B．memorable
C．favorable D．knowledgeable
解析：根据上文“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。
√
本课结束
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[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The successful ____________ (发射) of Shenzhou 18 is remarkable and deserves celebration.
2．It is generally believed that ____________ (持续不断的) reading and comprehending can strengthen our mental ability.
3．While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in ____________ (轨道), there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.
4．She ____________ (分开) the money she won with her brother.
5．One of the main ____________ (发现) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.
6．I soon ____________ (察觉到) that I could not make him change his mind.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We need to be more ____________ (science) about this problem.
2．You can of course help by giving them a ____________ (donate) directly.
3．On behalf of all the students in our class, I wish you make a quick recovery and keep ____________ (correspond) with us.
4．Some news will excite their readers ____________ (instant) while others won't.
5．____________ (subsequent), new guidelines were issued to all employees.
6．The principle of ____________ (relative) is one of the most fundamental principles in physics.
7．____________ (biology) Edmond Mouton runs the nutria (海狸鼠) control program for Louisiana.
8．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and ____________ (accurate) of its tellers.
9．Due to its ability to ____________ (efficient) pass knowledge across large groups of people, fewer teachers may be needed in some schools.
10．The ____________ (physics) represented his abstract theory to the students in a simple way.
Ⅲ.选词填空
figure out, nothing like, turn to, not to mention, deal with, with the development of
1．Our lives will be better and better ________________________ science and technology.
2．Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, ________________________ the youth.
3．It is difficult to ________________ a global population of polar bears.
4．I still want to have my parents to ______________ whenever I need help.
5．Learning to ________________ the social world is equally important.
6．It's ____________________ what happened in the mid seventies.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．________________________， we couldn't have taken the doctors and nurses to the earthquake stricken area last week.
没有你们的无私帮助，我们上周就不可能把医生和护士送到地震灾区。
2．I don't like the way ________________________________________________________.
我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
3．The singer ________________________ dreams of forming his own band.
让我们颇感兴趣的那位歌手梦想着成立自己的乐队。
4．________________________ combine a career with being a mother.
同时既干事业又做母亲是可能的。
5．________________________________________________________________________，
they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但它们现在是至关重要的。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Scientific Breakthroughs
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.But it is possible ①________________ (single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century.One of the 20th century's premier scientists ②____________ (be) Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man ③____________ (rock) his one year old baby when he was suddenly inspired.Subsequently, “E＝mc2” was born.Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around ④____________ the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin.During the Second World War, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the ⑤________________ (accurate) of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert, an ⑥____________ (engine), and Mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce ⑦____________ machine which was the world's first computer to do the job.In 1990, Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled ⑧____________ (computer) all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.⑨____________ the breakthroughs of these pioneers, the world as we know it today would be a ⑩____________ (complete) different place.
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific__1__regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)．
The family was on a very tight __2__. However, his parents __3__education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a(n) __4__for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was __5__ to earn a living, he changed to __6__.
He was not a(n) __7__ student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __8__school. Later, he owed his success to his __9__. He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in __10__some of the most difficult scientific problems.
Pasteur's __11__ research was completely self funded. His wife, Marie, __12__ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.
As he became famous gradually, he was able to __13__ research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to __14__ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.
He was highly respected and won just about every award __15__ in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day.
1．A.predictions B．discoveries
C．methods D．performances
2．A.turn B．schedule
C．relationship D．budget
3．A.valued B．overestimated
C．sharpened D．assigned
4．A.demand B．temptation
C．passion D．inspiration
5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely
C．unexpected D．uneventful
6．A.geography B．mathematics
C．politics D．chemistry
7．A.considerate B．intelligent
C．lifelong D．close
8．A.desired B．approved
C．engaged D．varied
9．A.fame B．routine
C．perseverance D．blessing
10．A.fundraising B．tackling
C．motivating D．occupying
11．A.overnight B．joint
C．monthly D．early
12．A.actively B．objectively
C．humbly D．nobly
13．A.turn down B．cope with
C．work out D．take up
14．A.devote B．treat
C．find D．commit
15．A.available B．memorable
C．favorable D．Knowledgeable
UNIT 12 课时检测(三)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.launch 2.constant 3.orbit 4.split 5.findings
6．perceived
Ⅱ.1.scientific 2.donation 3.corresponding 4.instantly
5．Subsequently 6.relativity 7.Biologist 8.accuracy
9．efficiently 10.physicist
Ⅲ.1.with the development of 2.not to mention 3.figure out 4.turn to 5.deal with 6.nothing like
Ⅳ.1.Without your selfless assistance
2．(that/in which) he talks with his parents
3．in whom we have great interest 4.It is possible to
5．Although these measures are not effective forever
Ⅴ.①to single ②was ③was rocking ④which ⑤accuracy ⑥engineer ⑦a ⑧computers ⑨Without ⑩completely
[语篇综合训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。
1．选B 根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization”可知，这些都是科学发现。
2．选D 根据空后的“However, his parents ________ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。
3．选A 根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好的学校。
4．选C 根据下文“When he realized that art was _______ to earn a living, he changed to ________.”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。
5．选B 根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。
6．选D 根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific ________”可知，他后来成了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。
7．选B 根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ________ school”可知，他并不是一个聪明的学生。
8．选A 根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常识可知，他最终进入了自己想要去的学校。
9．选C 根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ________ school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。
10．选B 根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决，处理”。
11．选D 根据下文“His wife, Marie, ________ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to ________ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。
12．选A 根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。
13．选D 根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。
14．选C 根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是找到疾病的起因。
15．选A 根据上文“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。
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