Section 4 Focus on Language：Adjectives
课时目标 1.掌握形容词的用法，并学以致用。 2.运用相关的语言知识，对科技创新方面涌现出的先驱及其成就发表看法。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
I bought an ①interesting novel yesterday.The book is so ②interesting that I can hardly let go of it.③Worried about my study, my mother took it away.However，I found my mother ④absorbed in it.
In my family, my mother is ⑤the thinnest.My father is much ⑥taller than her and me, but he is twice ⑦as heavy as my mother, and becoming ⑧fatter and fatter.He is quite worried because ⑨the fatter he is, ⑩the more likely he is to be ill.
①处修饰名词用形容词作定语。
②处系动词之后用形容词作表语。
③处表示情绪和精神状态的形容词作状语。
④处在find＋宾语之后，形容词作宾补，说明宾语的状态。
⑤⑥处是形容词最高级和比较级。
⑦处是as＋adj.＋as结构。
⑧⑨⑩处是固定句型。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
形容词表示人或物的性质、特征或属性，可在句中对名词或代词起修饰和描绘作用，作定语、表语、补足语和状语。有些形容词能接受程度副词的修饰，并有比较级和最高级。
一、形容词的构成
1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 例词
able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的suit→suitable 合适的reason→reasonable 有道理的
al music→musical 音乐的origin→original 最初的person→personal 个人的；私人的centre→central 中央的；中心的nature→natural 自然的；天生的
ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的harm→harmful 有害的hope→hopeful 有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的
ed scare→scared 感到恐惧的confuse→confused 感到困惑的underline→underlined 加下划线的
ing surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的convince→convincing 令人信服的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
ible access→accessible 容易取得的horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的
ive act→active 积极的；活跃的effect→effective 有效的；生效的attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious 忧虑的caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious 好奇的humor→humorous 幽默的
some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的
ish child→childish 孩子气的fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的
[名师点津] ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人； ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。
2．复合形容词的构成
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词＋ ed good tempered 好脾气的kind hearted 热心肠的
形容词＋现在分词 good looking 好看的easy going 容易相处的
副词＋现在分词 hard working 努力工作的far reaching (影响)深远的
名词＋现在分词 peace loving 爱好和平的English speaking 讲英语的
名词＋过去分词 state owned 国有的heart felt 衷心的
副词＋过去分词 well known 著名的wide spread 分布广泛的
形容词＋过去分词 ready made 做好的，现成的
名词＋形容词 self confident 自信的self satisfied 自我满足的
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are used to create a protective ____________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ____________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
③(2023·全国甲卷)____________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____________ (space) homes and walled gardens.
⑤If he wants to become a ____________ (success) singer, he should take some special courses in this area.
二、形容词的功能
1．形容词作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等。
These are valuable suggestions.
这些是宝贵的建议。
2．形容词作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。
His suggestions are very valuable.
他的建议很有价值。
3．形容词作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征。
I consider his suggestion very valuable.
我认为他的建议很有价值。
4．形容词作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。
He returned home, safe and sound.
他回到了家，安然无恙。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Did you ________________________ to do the work
你有足够的时间做这项工作吗？
②________________________， he stood still, barely believing what he heard.
惊喜交加，他一动不动地站在那里，几乎不相信自己听到的。
③You'll find these meals ________________________________________________
to prepare.
你会发现这些饭菜准备起来又快又方便。
④After the accident, she felt ___________________________________________________.
事故发生后，她感到孤独和绝望。
⑤The little boy was ________________ that he reached for the package.
小男孩很好奇，伸手去拿包裹。
三、形容词的位置
1．形容词短语作定语，须后置。
This is a book suitable for children.
这是一本适合孩子的书。
There is a huge room, simple and beautiful.
这里有一个大房间，简单且漂亮。
2．表语形容词(afraid、 alike、 alone、 asleep、 awake、 alive等)作定语时，须后置，如a man alive。有些表示身体健康状况的形容词如well、 faint、 ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体状况，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。
He's been ill since then.
从那时以来他一直病着。
By ill luck, my flight had been cancelled.
不幸的是，我的航班被取消了。
3．形容词用作定语，修饰由one、 no、 any、 some、 every与body、 one、 thing等构成的复合不定代词如anything、 somebody等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
4．else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
Who else wants to go there
还有谁想去那儿？
5．当含有old、 long、 high、 wide、 deep等词的数量词短语作定语时，须后置。
At that time she was only a girl five years old.
那时她只是一个五岁的女孩。
6．多个形容词作定语的排列顺序
几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：
限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
一把沉重的黑色中国钢伞
[对点练] (完成句子)
①What will happen if you do not eat ____________________？
如果你的饮食不均衡会发生什么？
②She has bought herself ____________________________________.
她给自己买了一件昂贵的紫色棉布衣服。
③Tony is going camping with ________________________________________________.
托尼要和另外两个小男孩去露营。
④We only had D|S100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy __________________.
我们只有100美元，这远远不够买一台新电脑。
⑤She has ________________________ which is bought by her husband.
她有一枚漂亮的新钻戒，是她丈夫买给她的。
四、形容词的比较级和最高级
1．形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
情况 规则 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加 er和 est high higher highest
以不发音字母e结尾的单音节词 加 r和 st bravewide braverwider bravestwidest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词 变y为i加 er和 est happylucky happierluckier happiestluckiest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的 词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er和 est hotbigthin hotterbiggerthinner hottestbiggestthinnest
部分双音节词和多音节词 在原级前加more和most interestingpopular moreinteresting morepopular mostinterestingmostpopular
[名师点津] 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化有：good/well的比较级是better和best；ill/bad的比较级和最高级是worse和worst；many/much的比较级和最高级是more和most；little的比较级和最高级是less和least。
2．形容词的比较级用法
形容词的比较级常用于两者之间的比较。表示“和……一样……”“比……更……”等；原级常用于“(not) as＋原级＋as”结构；比较级常用于“比较级＋than”结构，than有时可省略。
It's as tough and strong as any other cars running on the street.
它和街上跑的其他汽车一样牢固结实。
I do hope so, because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样，因为我想要你像我一样活得健康长寿。
Your mother knows best: nothing is more important than health.
你母亲最清楚：没有什么比健康更重要。
[名师点津] 形容词的比较级前可以加any、 no、 much、 a lot、 a little、 a bit、 even、 still等程度副词修饰。
The film is far more interesting than any one that I have ever seen.
这部电影比我曾看过的任何一部电影都有趣得多。
3．形容词的最高级用法
形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构是“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但却是人口最多的州。
This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
这是我参观过的最美的城市。
[名师点津] 有些形容词本身就有比较含义，所以没有比较级，如senior、junior、superior、minor等，还有些形容词本身就含有“最……”的含义，所以没有最高级，如unique、perfect、whole、favorite等。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Some outstanding students in school have turned out not to be ____________________________________.
学校里的一些优秀学生在社会上并没有像人们期望的那样成功。
②I think finding information on the Internet is ____________________________________.
我认为在网上查找信息比在图书馆找书更方便。
根据汉语提示完成短文
I have a pet as my friend.It's ①________________________ (我在街上捡到的一只小狗)．It was ②__________________ (很脏、很丑) at that time, but now it's ③________________________ (又漂亮又可爱). I like it very much because ④__________________________ (跟它玩起来很有趣)．It's ⑤______________________ (聪明、勇敢、友好)．My dog is ⑥__________________ (一点也不笨)．In fact, it's very clever.It keeps itself and everything around it nice and clean.Although it ⑦__________________ (看起来有点懒), it's very cute and lovely when it's sleeping in its house.I feed it three times a day and it ⑧________________________ (从不把食物剩下)．And I often walk my dog after dinner.We have become very good friends.
Section 4 Focus on Language：Adjectives
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①functional ②tasty ③Different ④spacious
⑤successful
二、[对点练] ①have sufficient time ②Surprised and delighted
③quick and convenient ④lonely and hopeless ⑤so curious
三、[对点练] ①a balanced diet ②an expensive purple cotton dress
③two other little boys ④a new computer
⑤a beautiful new diamond ring
四、[对点练] ①as successful as they were expected in society ②more convenient than searching for books in a library
[语境综合应用]
①a little dog I picked up in the street ②very dirty and ugly
③very beautiful and cute ④it's funny to play with it
⑤smart, brave and friendly ⑥anything but stupid
⑦seems a little lazy ⑧never leaves the food unfinished(共69张PPT)
Section 4 Focus on Language：
Adjectives
课时目标
1.掌握形容词的用法，并学以致用。
2.运用相关的语言知识，对科技创新方面涌现出的先驱及其成就发表看法。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
I bought an ①interesting novel yesterday.The book is so ②interesting that I can hardly let go of it.③Worried about my study, my mother took it away.However，I found my mother ④absorbed in it.
In my family, my mother is ⑤the thinnest.My father is much ⑥taller than her and me, but he is twice ⑦as heavy as my mother, and becoming ⑧fatter and fatter.He is quite worried because ⑨the fatter he is, ⑩the more likely he is to be ill.
①处修饰名词用形容词作定语。
②处系动词之后用形容词作表语。
③处表示情绪和精神状态的形容词作状语。
④处在find＋宾语之后，形容词作宾补，说明宾语的状态。
⑤⑥处是形容词最高级和比较级。
⑦处是as＋adj.＋as结构。
⑧⑨⑩处是固定句型。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
形容词表示人或物的性质、特征或属性，可在句中对名词或代词起修饰和描绘作用，作定语、表语、补足语和状语。有些形容词能接受程度副词的修饰，并有比较级和最高级。
一、形容词的构成
1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
-al music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
centre→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
续表
-ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
续表
-ed scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
-ing surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
续表
-ible access→accessible 容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
-ive act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
续表
-ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
续表
-some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
-y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
续表
-ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的
-ish child→childish 孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
续表
[名师点津] -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词＋-ed good-tempered 好脾气的
kind-hearted 热心肠的
形容词＋现在分词 good-looking 好看的
easy-going 容易相处的
2．复合形容词的构成
副词＋现在分词 hard-working 努力工作的
far-reaching (影响)深远的
名词＋现在分词 peace-loving 爱好和平的
English-speaking 讲英语的
名词＋过去分词 state-owned 国有的
heart-felt 衷心的
续表
副词＋过去分词 well-known 著名的
wide-spread 分布广泛的
形容词＋过去分词 ready-made 做好的，现成的
名词＋形容词 self-confident 自信的
self-satisfied 自我满足的
续表
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are used to create a protective ____________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
functional
tasty
③(2023·全国甲卷) __________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
④(2023·浙江1月高考)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _________ (space) homes and walled gardens.
⑤If he wants to become a __________ (success) singer, he should take some special courses in this area.
Different
spacious
successful
二、形容词的功能
1．形容词作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等。
These are valuable suggestions.
这些是宝贵的建议。
2．形容词作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。
His suggestions are very valuable.
他的建议很有价值。
3．形容词作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征。
I consider his suggestion very valuable.
我认为他的建议很有价值。
4．形容词作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。
He returned home, safe and sound.
他回到了家，安然无恙。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Did you ______________________ to do the work
你有足够的时间做这项工作吗？
②______________________, he stood still, barely believing what he heard.
惊喜交加，他一动不动地站在那里，几乎不相信自己听到的。
have sufficient time
Surprised and delighted
③You'll find these meals _____________________ to prepare.
你会发现这些饭菜准备起来又快又方便。
④After the accident, she felt ______________________.
事故发生后，她感到孤独和绝望。
⑤The little boy was ____________ that he reached for the package.
小男孩很好奇，伸手去拿包裹。
quick and convenient
lonely and hopeless
so curious
三、形容词的位置
1．形容词短语作定语，须后置。
This is a book suitable for children.
这是一本适合孩子的书。
There is a huge room, simple and beautiful.
这里有一个大房间，简单且漂亮。
2．表语形容词(afraid、 alike、 alone、 asleep、 awake、 alive等)作定语时，须后置，如a man alive。有些表示身体健康状况的形容词如well、 faint、 ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体状况，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。
He's been ill since then.
从那时以来他一直病着。
By ill luck, my flight had been cancelled.
不幸的是，我的航班被取消了。
3．形容词用作定语，修饰由one、 no、 any、 some、 every与body、 one、 thing等构成的复合不定代词如anything、 somebody等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
4．else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
Who else wants to go there
还有谁想去那儿？
5．当含有old、 long、 high、 wide、 deep等词的数量词短语作定语时，须后置。
At that time she was only a girl five years old.
那时她只是一个五岁的女孩。
6．多个形容词作定语的排列顺序
几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：
限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
一把沉重的黑色中国钢伞
[对点练] (完成句子)
①What will happen if you do not eat ______________
如果你的饮食不均衡会发生什么？
②She has bought herself ______________________________.
她给自己买了一件昂贵的紫色棉布衣服。
③Tony is going camping with ___________________
托尼要和另外两个小男孩去露营。
a balanced diet
an expensive purple cotton dress
two other little boys
④We only had $100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy
_______________.
我们只有100美元，这远远不够买一台新电脑。
⑤She has ____________________________ which is bought by her husband.
她有一枚漂亮的新钻戒，是她丈夫买给她的。
a new computer
a beautiful new diamond ring
四、形容词的比较级和最高级
1．形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
情况 规则 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er和-est high higher highest
以不发音字母e结尾的单音节词 加-r和-st brave wide braver wider bravest
widest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词 变y为i加 -er和-est happy lucky happier luckier happiest
luckiest
以重读闭音节 结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -er和-est hot big Thin hotter bigger thinner hottest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词和 多音节词 在原级前加more和most interesting popular more interesting more popular most
interesting
most
popular
续表
[名师点津] 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化有：good/well的比较级是better和best；ill/bad的比较级和最高级是worse和worst；many/much的比较级和最高级是more和most；little的比较级和最高级是less和least。
2．形容词的比较级用法
形容词的比较级常用于两者之间的比较。表示“和……一样……”“比……更……”等；原级常用于“(not) as＋原级＋as”结构；比较级常用于“比较级＋than”结构，than有时可省略。
It's as tough and strong as any other cars running on the street.
它和街上跑的其他汽车一样牢固结实。
I do hope so, because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样，因为我想要你像我一样活得健康长寿。
Your mother knows best: nothing is more important than health.
你母亲最清楚：没有什么比健康更重要。
[名师点津] 形容词的比较级前可以加any、 no、 much、 a lot、 a little、 a bit、 even、 still等程度副词修饰。
The film is far more interesting than any one that I have ever seen.
这部电影比我曾看过的任何一部电影都有趣得多。
3．形容词的最高级用法
形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构是“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但却是人口最多的州。
This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
这是我参观过的最美的城市。
[名师点津] 有些形容词本身就有比较含义，所以没有比较级，如senior、junior、superior、minor等，还有些形容词本身就含有“最……”的含义，所以没有最高级，如unique、perfect、whole、favorite等。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Some outstanding students in school have turned out not to be
_______________________________________.
学校里的一些优秀学生在社会上并没有像人们期望的那样成功。
②I think finding information on the Internet is _______________
___________________________________.
我认为在网上查找信息比在图书馆找书更方便。
as successful as they were expected in society
more convenient
than searching for books in a library
根据汉语提示完成短文
I have a pet as my friend.It's ①________________________________
(我在街上捡到的一只小狗)．It was ②_________________ (很脏、很丑) at that time, but now it's ③____________________ (又漂亮又可爱). I like it very much because ④______________________ (跟它玩起来很有趣)．
a little dog I picked up in the street
very dirty and ugly
very beautiful and cute
it's funny to play with it
It's ⑤_________________________ (聪明、勇敢、友好)．My dog is ⑥__________________ (一点也不笨)．In fact, it's very clever.It keeps itself and everything around it nice and clean.Although it ⑦_________
_________ (看起来有点懒), it's very cute and lovely when it's sleeping in its house.I feed it three times a day and it ⑧____________________
____________ (从不把食物剩下)．And I often walk my dog after dinner.We have become very good friends.
smart, brave and friendly
anything but stupid
seems a
little lazy
never leaves the food
unfinished
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was __________ (health)．
2．The US Foreign Service Institute points out that it will take a native English speaker 2,200 hours to reach ____________ (profession) fluency in Chinese.
healthy
professional
3．Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple ________ (violence) action.
4．During the interview, you should present your views very clearly, wearing a sincere and __________ (confidence) smile.
5．For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
violent
confident
pleased
6．They think that celebrating Chinese festivals is a ___________
(fashion) activity.
7．Arthur became ___________ (frighten) and without another thought, he started to run.
8．Some people have ___________ (ambition) dreams and keep pursuing them, but other people always focus on realistic goals and try to achieve them.
fashionable
frightened
ambitious
9．It was a _______ (mist) morning, but it soon became clear when the sun began to shine.
10．We are now engaged in a great and most _________ (glory) cause, never undertaken by our forefathers.
misty
glorious
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Medicine should not be kept ____________________________.
药品不应放在儿童容易拿得到的地方。
2．The coach said that they needed ______________________ on their basketball team.
教练说他们的篮球队需要更有活力的运动员。
where it is accessible to children
more energetic players
3．_____________ to share your feelings with someone you trust.
与你信任的人分享你的感受是有益的。
4．_________, he fell fast asleep on touching the pillow.
他累极了，一碰枕头就睡着了。
5．You have done everything to __________________________, for which I appreciate a lot.
我非常感激你为使我的生活舒适所做的一切。
It is beneficial
Tired out
make my life comfortable
6．Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, __________________
________________.
听到这个坏消息，他急忙回家了，书还摊开在桌面上。
7．______________________, but it brings out the best in every participant.
竞争是激烈的，但它激发出每个参与者的最佳状态。
leaving the book lying
open on the table
The competition is fierce
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A 14-year-old teenager was named “America's Top Young Scientist” after winning this year's 3M Young Scientist Challenge, a national science competition. He was given the title for creating a bar of soap (肥皂) that fights low-grade skin cancer and also awarded $25,000 for his research.
Heman Bekele, who is a freshman at WT Woodson High School, moved to Virginia from Ethiopia, where he observed people constantly exposed to the sun and suffering from skin cancer. While he didn't initially give it much thought, as the competition drew near, he remembered his experiences in Ethiopia and decided to focus his research on skin cancer.
Heman started doing experiments at home and doing testing on digital models. He learned much about dendritic cells (named for their tree-like branches), which boost human immune (免疫的) responses. In his submission video to 3M, Heman explains, “When skin cancer cells develop, they weaken dendritic cells in the body, allowing the cancer to take over.” He said the soap contains agents that could potentially reactivate dendritic cells that help eliminate the cancer cells.
The soap can be applied to the skin every couple of days and then the person with skin cancer will start to see progress. “The average price of skin cancer treatment in the US alone is almost $40,000, but my bar of soap only costs $8.50 to create, and it can have the same effects as something that people would pay thousands and thousands of dollars to try to get，” Heman said.
For now, Heman said he has a five-year plan. At the end of it, he hopes to have created a nonprofit organization where he can provide accessible skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible. But to achieve his goal, he would have to get his treatment through clinical trials and have it certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heman Bekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的廉价肥皂，并说明了其灵感来源以及这种肥皂的工作原理。
1．What does the author intend to tell us about Heman in paragraph 2
A．The memory of his childhood.
B．The inspiration for his invention.
C．The spread of skin cancer in Africa.
D．The reason for his moving to Virginia.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Heman看到人们暴露在阳光下，容易患上皮肤癌，想起了自己的一段经历，决定研究皮肤癌的预防。因此推断作者在第二段讲述赫曼的经历是为了阐述他的发明灵感。
2．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Avoid. B．Remove. C．Awake. D．Balance.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前文“He said the soap contains agents that could potentially reactivate dendritic cells”可推断，Heman制作的肥皂可以激活树突细胞，消除癌细胞。因此画线词与remove意思相近。
√
3．What advantage does Heman's soap have over common treatments for skin cancer
A．It is more affordable. B．It takes effect at once.
C．It has fewer side effects. D．It is suitable for all skin cancers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段Heman说的话可知，Heman的产品比起皮肤癌的常见治疗方法更实惠。
√
4．What does Heman think his top priority is
A．Starting a nonprofit enterprise.
B．Distributing his soap to patients.
C．Obtaining a drug production license.
D．Applying to perform human trials.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But to achieve his goal, he would have to get his treatment through clinical trials and have it certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), he said.”可知，Heman想要实现目标的话，当务之急是要申请人体临床试验。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Liu Yongtan, 1 (know) as a pioneer in China's high-speed rail industry, graduated 2 Southwest Jiaotong University in 1955. Then he worked 3 a technician on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, 4 he gained valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan joined in China's first high-speed rail project, the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. At the time, many engineers believed that it was 5 (possible) to build such a railway in China. Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team devoted all their life to 6 (develop) one of the most advanced high-speed rail systems 7 (global)．
Thanks to Liu Yongtan's leadership, China's high-speed rail network 8 (grow) rapidly over the years. One of Liu Yongtan's most significant 9 (contribute) was the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high-speed rail lines. His achievements have not only benefited China 10 have inspired engineers around the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了刘永坦和他的团队在建设中国高铁网络方面所做出的贡献。
1．known 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词graduated，空处应填非谓语动词。主语Liu Yongtan和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。be known as意为“被称为”。故填known。
2．from 考查介词。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
3．as 考查介词。work as为固定搭配，意为“担任”。故填as。
4．where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Chengdu-Kunming Railway”，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
5．impossible 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作表语，且结合句意可知，此处意为“不可能的”，故填impossible。
6．developing 考查非谓语动词。devote sth. to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。故填developing。
7．globally 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，应用副词形式，故填globally。
8．has grown 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；结合所给时间状语“over the years”可知，本句应用现在完成时，且句子主语“China's high-speed rail network”是第三人称单数，故填has grown。
9．contributions 考查名词复数。“one of＋名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”，因此空处应填名词的复数形式，故填contributions。
10．but 考查连词。not only ... but (also) ...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。
本课结束
更多精彩内容请登录：www.UNIT 12 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：Adjectives
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ____________ (health)．
2．The US Foreign Service Institute points out that it will take a native English speaker 2,200 hours to reach ____________ (profession) fluency in Chinese.
3．Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple ____________ (violence) action.
4．During the interview, you should present your views very clearly, wearing a sincere and ____________ (confidence) smile.
5．For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ____________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
6．They think that celebrating Chinese festivals is a ____________ (fashion) activity.
7．Arthur became ____________ (frighten) and without another thought, he started to run.
8．Some people have ____________ (ambition) dreams and keep pursuing them, but other people always focus on realistic goals and try to achieve them.
9．It was a ____________ (mist) morning, but it soon became clear when the sun began to shine.
10．We are now engaged in a great and most ____________ (glory) cause, never undertaken by our forefathers.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Medicine should not be kept ____________________________________.
药品不应放在儿童容易拿得到的地方。
2．The coach said that they needed ______________________________ on their basketball team.
教练说他们的篮球队需要更有活力的运动员。
3．________________ to share your feelings with someone you trust.
与你信任的人分享你的感受是有益的。
4．________________， he fell fast asleep on touching the pillow.
他累极了，一碰枕头就睡着了。
5．You have done everything to ________________， for which I appreciate a lot.
我非常感激你为使我的生活舒适所做的一切。
6．Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, ____________________________________.
听到这个坏消息，他急忙回家了，书还摊开在桌面上。
7．________________________， but it brings out the best in every participant.
竞争是激烈的，但它激发出每个参与者的最佳状态。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A 14 year old teenager was named “America's Top Young Scientist” after winning this year's 3M Young Scientist Challenge, a national science competition. He was given the title for creating a bar of soap (肥皂) that fights low grade skin cancer and also awarded $25,000 for his research.
Heman Bekele, who is a freshman at WT Woodson High School, moved to Virginia from Ethiopia, where he observed people constantly exposed to the sun and suffering from skin cancer. While he didn't initially give it much thought, as the competition drew near, he remembered his experiences in Ethiopia and decided to focus his research on skin cancer.
Heman started doing experiments at home and doing testing on digital models. He learned much about dendritic cells (named for their tree like branches), which boost human immune (免疫的) responses. In his submission video to 3M, Heman explains, “When skin cancer cells develop, they weaken dendritic cells in the body, allowing the cancer to take over.” He said the soap contains agents that could potentially reactivate dendritic cells that help eliminate the cancer cells.
The soap can be applied to the skin every couple of days and then the person with skin cancer will start to see progress. “The average price of skin cancer treatment in the US alone is almost D|S40,000, but my bar of soap only costs D|S8.50 to create, and it can have the same effects as something that people would pay thousands and thousands of dollars to try to get，” Heman said.
For now, Heman said he has a five year plan. At the end of it, he hopes to have created a nonprofit organization where he can provide accessible skin cancer treatment to as many people as possible. But to achieve his goal, he would have to get his treatment through clinical trials and have it certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), he said.
1．What does the author intend to tell us about Heman in paragraph 2
A．The memory of his childhood.
B．The inspiration for his invention.
C．The spread of skin cancer in Africa.
D．The reason for his moving to Virginia.
2．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Avoid. B．Remove.
C．Awake. D．Balance.
3．What advantage does Heman's soap have over common treatments for skin cancer
A．It is more affordable.
B．It takes effect at once.
C．It has fewer side effects.
D．It is suitable for all skin cancers.
4．What does Heman think his top priority is
A．Starting a nonprofit enterprise.
B．Distributing his soap to patients.
C．Obtaining a drug production license.
D．Applying to perform human trials.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Liu Yongtan, __1__ (know) as a pioneer in China's high speed rail industry, graduated __2__ Southwest Jiaotong University in 1955. Then he worked __3__ a technician on the Chengdu Kunming Railway, __4__ he gained valuable experience in railway engineering.
In 1984, Liu Yongtan joined in China's first high speed rail project, the Beijing Shanghai Railway. At the time, many engineers believed that it was __5__ (possible) to build such a railway in China. Despite these challenges, Liu Yongtan and his team devoted all their life to __6__ (develop) one of the most advanced high speed rail systems __7__(global)．
Thanks to Liu Yongtan's leadership, China's high speed rail network __8__ (grow) rapidly over the years. One of Liu Yongtan's most significant __9__ (contribute) was the “reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge” technology used in the construction of high speed rail lines. His achievements have not only benefited China __10__ have inspired engineers around the world.
UNIT 12 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.healthy 2.professional 3.violent 4.confident 5．pleased 6.fashionable 7.frightened 8.ambitious 9.misty 10．glorious
Ⅱ.1.where it is accessible to children 2.more energetic players
3．It is beneficial 4.Tired out 5.make my life comfortable
6．leaving the book lying open on the table
7．The competition is fierce
Ⅲ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heman Bekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的廉价肥皂，并说明了其灵感来源以及这种肥皂的工作原理。
1．选B 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Heman看到人们暴露在阳光下，容易患上皮肤癌，想起了自己的一段经历，决定研究皮肤癌的预防。因此推断作者在第二段讲述赫曼的经历是为了阐述他的发明灵感。
2．选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前文“He said the soap contains agents that could potentially reactivate dendritic cells”可推断，Heman制作的肥皂可以激活树突细胞，消除癌细胞。因此画线词与remove意思相近。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据第四段Heman说的话可知，Heman的产品比起皮肤癌的常见治疗方法更实惠。
4．选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But to achieve his goal, he would have to get his treatment through clinical trials and have it certified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), he said.”可知，Heman想要实现目标的话，当务之急是要申请人体临床试验。
Ⅳ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了刘永坦和他的团队在建设中国高铁网络方面所做出的贡献。
1．known 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词graduated，空处应填非谓语动词。主语Liu Yongtan和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。be known as意为“被称为”。故填known。
2．from 考查介词。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
3．as 考查介词。work as为固定搭配，意为“担任”。故填as。
4．where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Chengdu Kunming Railway”，空处在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
5．impossible 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在从句中作表语，且结合句意可知，此处意为“不可能的”，故填impossible。
6．developing 考查非谓语动词。devote sth. to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。故填developing。
7．globally 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，应用副词形式，故填globally。
8．has grown 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语；结合所给时间状语“over the years”可知，本句应用现在完成时，且句子主语“China's high speed rail network”是第三人称单数，故填has grown。
9．contributions 考查名词复数。“one of＋名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”，因此空处应填名词的复数形式，故填contributions。
10．but 考查连词。not only ... but (also) ...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。
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