英语 选择性必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
一 阅读单词(8个)
写出英语单词
1．physiology n. 生理学；生理机能
2．artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素
3．malaria n. 疟疾
4．botanical adj. 植物学的
5．wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
6．boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点
7．liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的
8．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
二 核心单词(11个)
A．写出英语单词
1．crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．evaluate vt. 评价；评估
4．property n. 性质；特征；财产
5．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
6．extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
7．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
10．analyse vt. 分析
11．insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯词典)I insisted that we should have a look at every car.
2．(牛津高阶)I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
3．(剑桥高阶)If we can defeat the Italian team, we'll be through to the final.
4．(柯林斯词典)Support from those closest to you is vital/crucial in these trying times.
5．(牛津高阶)Parents play a crucial/vital role in preparing their child for school.
6．(柯林斯词典)He is also acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper.
三 拓展单词(6个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 承诺；保证；托付；奉献
2．academic adj. 学业的；学术的→academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校
3．objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→object n. 物体；宾语；目标
4．apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的
5．scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n. 科学，理科，自然科学→scientist n. 科学家；自然科学家
6．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地→most adj. 最多的
adv. 最
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
2．(柯林斯词典)This college has a good academic reputation.
3．(柯林斯词典)His objective was to play golf and win.
4．(朗文当代)The banks have__committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.
5．(牛津高阶)He paused, apparently lost in thought.
6．(剑桥高阶)The band are mostly teenagers, I think.
四 重点短语(2个)
A．写出英语短语
1．commit__oneself__to__(sth/doing__sth/do__sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist__on 坚决要求
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高阶)They insist__on playing their music late at night.
2．(牛津高阶)Borrowers should think carefully before committing__themselves__to taking out a loan.
1 crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Certainly, the early years are crucial to a child's development.
毫无疑问，幼年对儿童的成长至关重要。
②(朗文当代)It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
立即解决这个问题至关重要。
③(中国日报)2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were an important landmark event China held at a crucial moment.
2022年冬季奥运会和残奥会是中国在关键时刻举行的重要里程碑式事件。
④(剑桥高阶)Crucially, almost 50 per cent of participants felt they were more productive at work.
最关键的是，近50%的参与者感觉他们在工作中更有效率了。
【运用】单句语法填空
①It's crucial to__measure (measure) inpatients' signs of life.
②Talent, hard work and passion are all crucial to/for career success.
③It's crucial that you keep it in your heart.
【输出】翻译
④Chewing properly is crucially important.
正确地咀嚼是至关重要的。
⑤紧要关头他却不在那里。
He__wasn't__there__at__the__crucial__moment.
2 vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的(教材P2)
归纳
①(柯林斯词典)Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)．
如果您想发表作品，提交一份完美、专业的原稿至关重要。
③(牛津高阶)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self－employed.
干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。
【运用】单句语法填空
①These vitamins are vital to/for health.
②Education is vitally (vital) important for the country's future.
③Young people, full of vigour and vitality (vital), are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
④It is vital that human beings (should)__obey (obey) the rules of nature.
【输出】翻译
⑤面对失败，我们要有良好的心态，这很重要。
It__is__vital__that__we__(should)__have__a__good__state__of__mind__in__the__face__of__failure.
3 commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(教材P2)
归纳
①(剑桥高阶)The government must commit itself to improving health care.
政府必须致力于改善医疗保健。
②(柯林斯词典)You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不必通过电话承诺任何事情。
③(柯林斯词典)We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们承诺要继续在一起工作。
④(柯林斯词典)He said the government remained committed to peace.
他说，政府仍然致力于和平。
【运用】单句语法填空
①He is regarded as a committed (commit) supporter of the reform policy.
②Our company has made a commitment (commit) to quality and customer service.
【输出】翻译
③You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这件事。
④各学校致力于提供优质教育。
The__schools__commit__themselves__to__providing/are__committed__to__providing__good__education.
4 extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The tooth was eventually extracted.
这颗牙齿最终被拔掉了。
②(牛津高阶)The following extract is taken from her new novel.
以下节选自她的新小说。
③(剑桥高阶)The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
从橄榄中提取的油用于烹饪。
【运用】单句语法填空
①This article is extracted from his new book.
②These are all extracts (extract) from the long poem.
【输出】翻译
③The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.
牙医可能决定拔掉智齿。
④She enjoys reading literary classics, making extracts as she goes along.
她热衷于读文学名著，边读边做摘记。
5 obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)
归纳
①(中国日报)Governments at all levels should help enterprises to obtain more orders through various online and offline channels.
各级政府要帮助企业通过各种线上线下渠道获取更多订单。
②(朗文当代)Further information can be obtained from head office.
可从总部获得进一步的信息。
③(剑桥高阶)Information on the subject is easily obtainable on the Internet.
有关这一主题的信息很容易在互联网上获得。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained from the sea.
②The dried herb is obtainable (obtain) from health shops.
【输出】翻译
③These conditions no longer obtain.
这些条件不再适用。
④取得可靠的凭据是很困难的。
It__is__difficult__to__obtain__reliable__evidence.
6 acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
这个国家承认了他继承王位的权利。
②(朗文当代)Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.
许多穷苦人承认他是他们的精神领袖。
③(剑桥高阶)She acknowledged having been at fault.
她承认自己有错。
④(中国日报)It has been widely acknowledged that these emerging pollutants are increasingly becoming a hazard.
人们普遍认为，这些新出现的污染物正日益成为一种危险物质。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The director of the factory had to acknowledge releasing (release) chemical waste into the river.
②These flowers are a small acknowledgement (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
【输出】一句多译
③普遍认为，她是世界上最好的网球选手之一。
She__was__widely__acknowledged__to__be/as one of the best players in the world.
＝It__was__widely__acknowledged__that__she__was one of the best players in the world.
7 defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
②(牛津高阶)He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.
他还没有学会怎样豁达大度地面对失败。
③(朗文当代)She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是一个不愿认输的女人。
④(中国日报)Stefanos Tsitsipas was defeated by Danish teenager Holger Rune 7－5, 3－6, 6－3, 6－4 earlier in the French Open.
当天早些时候，斯特凡诺斯·齐齐帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法国网球公开赛上被丹麦少年霍尔格·鲁内击败。
【运用】单句语法填空
①If you are defeated by failures, you are a failure indeed.
②The world champion has only had two defeats (defeat) in 20 fights.
【输出】翻译
③就是论文上的最后一个问题把我难倒了。
It__was__the__last__question__on__the__paper__that__defeated__me.
④他们在这场战役中遭遇了失败。
They__suffered__a__defeat__in__the__battle.
8 insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求(教材P3)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)We insisted on a refund of the full amount.
我们坚决要求全额退款。
②(柯林斯词典)She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她坚持要出席所有的面试。
insist后接 that从句时，应分清两种情况： (1)表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that 可以省略。 (2)表示“坚决要求；一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未发生的事，此时从句通常用虚拟语气，谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。此用法的动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(command, order)，三建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四要求(ask, request, require, demand)。 (朗文当代)He insisted I (should) take a taxi and offered to pay for it. 他坚持要我坐出租车，并主动提出他付钱。
【运用】单句语法填空
①She kept insisting on/upon her innocence.
②Lane insisted that the project (should)__be__carried (carry) out on schedule.
③I suggest you (should)__take (take) the forms away and read them at your leisure.
【输出】翻译
④He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine.
他坚持说他没有病，但医生却坚决要求他服药。
[教材原句P2]Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
剖析 be thought to是被动结构，意为“……被认为……”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
无论如何都不能说这个问题已经解决了。
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
通信技术的持续发展曾经被认为会使印刷版过时。
③(牛津高阶)The house was reported to be in excellent condition.
据报道，这所房子状况良好。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The vase on the bookshelf is__thought (think) to be as old as the tree in front of the church.
②The diary tells the children and parents what is required to__be (be) done on any one evening.
【输出】翻译
③At that time, Tina was widely believed to be the author of those two novels.
当时各界广泛相信蒂娜是这两部小说的作者。
④The president is reported to have been delighted with the progress of the first day's talks.
据报道，总统对第一天会谈的进展很满意。
温馨提示：这里不是单纯地提供查寻便利，也不是简单地答疑解惑，而是坚持尝试将英语译成汉语，再将汉语译回英语，仔细揣摩英汉位置的差异，最终提高英语语言的输出能力。从英语译成汉语，再从汉语译回英语——这就是“回译法”。尝试并坚持，终将受益……
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖
6 October 2015
2015年10月6日
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究发现了青蒿素，一种治疗疟疾的关键性新药物。
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people.
青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，改善了数百万人的健康状况。
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600，000 die from it.
全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，约60万人死于这种疾病。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的生命。
难句分析
①whose research led to ... new treatment for malaria为非限制性定语从句，解释说明Tu Youyou；whose作定语，修饰research，表示所属关系；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位意志坚定而且有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
难句分析
②with the objective ... malaria作状语；chosen为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers。
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
一开始，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，在那里研究疟疾患者。
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复查中国古代医学文献，寻找传统的植物疗法来治疗这种疾病。
Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查阅了2，000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。
From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医疗方法，这些方法在抗击疟疾方面显现出了希望。
难句分析
③where引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明Hainan，在从句中作地点状语。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。
Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.
屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但发现没有效果。
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
Their project got stuck.
他们的项目陷入了困境。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。
She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
她再次分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
难句分析
④that引导的宾语从句中，boiling the sweet wormwood 为动名词短语作主语。
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她用较低的温度进行提取，发现了一种有效的物质。
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
在失败了190 多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分患者都康复了。
This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
难句分析
⑤Using a lower ... the extract 为现在分词短语作状语，与主语she为主动关系；that worked为定语从句，先行词为a__substance。
⑥most of whom recovered为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是团队的努力。
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。
There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
在我身后有一个团队，还有我国的全体人民。
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
中国的科研和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”
难句分析
⑦Upon hearing that ... Nobel Prize是介词短语，作时间状语；that she ... Nobel Prize是宾语从句。
⑧There be句型属于倒装句型，be动词的数遵循就近一致原则。
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Understanding history is v________ to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
答案：vital
2．I would just add that I was deeply interested in biology and p________．
答案：physiology
3．They accepted their d________ and started thinking what lessons they can learn from it.
答案：defeat
4．Oxygen is one of the basic elements of s________．
答案：substance
5．Our main o________ was the recovery of the child safe and well.
答案：objective
6．The pictures we took at the b________ garden should be ready tomorrow.
答案：botanical
7．A________， she has written to her aunt in Holland asking for advice.
答案：Apparently
8．We should a________ what they said and not just agree with everything.
答案：analyse
9．Solids turn to l________ at certain temperatures.
答案：liquids
10．His voice was quiet but every word was d________．
答案：distinct
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Through it all, she remained in good ________ (academy) standing and graduated with honours.
答案：academic
2．We now have to decide who the owners of these ________ (property) are.
答案：properties
3．Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, ________ is essential during holidays.
答案：which
4．Gary insisted ________ buying the food for the picnic.
答案：on/upon
5．However, technology is also the application of ________ (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
答案：scientific
6．The police force is ________ (commit) to being an equal opportunity employer.
答案：committed
7．We had a long talk about her father, Tony, ________ was a friend of mine.
答案：who
8．There are many factors that are crucial ________ (gain) success in a career.
答案：to gain
9．Full details are ________ (obtain) from any post office.
答案：obtainable
10．Gwen had not seen her dad all that much, because ________ (most) he worked on the ships.
答案：mostly
Ⅲ.选词填空
extract; other than; boil; be thought to; evaluate
1．I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to ____________．
答案：boil
2．He ____________ be one of the richest men in Europe.
答案：is thought to
3．Journalists managed to ____________ all kinds of information about her private life.
答案：extract
4．The market situation is difficult to ____________．
答案：evaluate
5．The truth was known to no one ____________ the police.
答案：other than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．当我去徐州出差的时候，碰巧尝到了这种民间小吃。
When I went to Xuzhou on business, I enjoyed this folk snack ____________．
答案：by chance
2．你应该在得到父母允许之后再出去逛街。
You should ________________ your parents before you would hang out.
答案：obtain permission from
3．他父母没有承诺帮他买房子。
His parents didn't ________________________ him buy a house.
答案：commit themselves to helping
4．她被公认为这门学科的专家。
She ________________________________ an expert on the subject.
答案：is acknowledged as/to be
5．所有的医生都坚称他受伤严重，并坚持主张他立刻进行手术。
All the doctors ____________________________ and that he ____________________________ at once.
答案：insisted that he was badly wounded; (should) be operated on
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
温馨提示：丰富的语料是写作的源泉，与其单独背那些枯燥的热词佳句，不如在阅读语境中轻松记忆语篇题中的黑体(除标题和设题外)语句，日积月累，悄然完成迁移，提升写作。
Ⅰ 阅读
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789－1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461－1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831－1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位杰出女性从医人员的生平事迹。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family ... performed surgery.”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，Jacqueline (杰奎琳)和James (詹姆斯)的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book ... as a physician”可推知，谈允贤与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四部分中的“Four years later ... a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler (丽贝卡·李·克鲁普勒)是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
B
A young woman sits down at the piano. Her long flowing brown hair frames a friendly face. And then she begins to sing. Her unexpectedly mature voice attracted everyone in the room. This is Norah Jones, award winning singer and songwriter.
Norah Jones was born on March 30, 1979, in New York City. She is the daughter of the legendary Rxdyi Shankar, a very famous guitar player; but Norah was brought up entirely by her mother Sue. At 4 years old, she and her mother moved to the Dallas suburb, Texas. Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection. She began singing in church choirs at age five, took piano lessons two years later, and briefly played alto saxophone in junior high.
In the course of serving customers and laying tables in a fast restaurant, Jones soon started a band in which she was a lead singer, of course, and played piano as well. In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.
At a meeting with Blue Note president Bruce in the following year, Jones played her three－song tape, hoping to earn a break. Bruce was so impressed with this young girl's talents that he signed her on the spot. After a year of work, Norah Jones released her debut album, Come Away with Me. Norah Jones has already sold 2.6 million copies of the album, which is 10 times more than any album in Blue Note history. Despite the lack of advertisement, her album was inching its way up the music charts while the debut single Don't Know Why was climbing up the Adult Top 40 Chart.
The singer already enjoyed a success at the Grammy Awards in 2003, where she picked up five trophies in the major categories (Album of the Year, Record of the Year Trophy for Don't Know Why, Best New Artist, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for Don't Know Why, and Best Pop Vocal Album). It's clear that this was only the beginning for Miss Jones.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Norah Jones (诺拉·琼斯)从服务员到歌坛巨星的不凡经历。
4．What motivated Jones' interest in music when young
A．Her childhood experience.
B．Her mother's preference in music.
C．Her participation in church choirs.
D．Her mother's extensive LP collection.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection.”可知，Jones在音乐上受到的早期影响来自她母亲收藏的大量唱片。故选D。
5．What did Jones do before being signed by EMI Blue Note Records
A．Work as a waitress.
B．Study in a high school.
C．Play the piano for customers.
D．Compose songs for a band.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the course ... as well.”可知，Jones在与百代蓝音符唱片公司签约之前是一名服务员。故选A。
6．When did Jones release her debut album
A．In 2000. B．In 2001.
C．In 2002. D．In 2003.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.”以及第四段中的“At a meeting with Blue Note ... Come Away with Me.”可推知，Jones于2002年发行了她的首张专辑。故选C。
7．What can we know about her debut single Don't Know Why
A．It was composed by Jones.
B．It sold well through advertisement.
C．It hit the top in the Adult Top 40 Chart.
D．It won several awards in the Grammy Awards in 2003.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The singer already enjoyed ... Best Pop Vocal Album)．”可知，Norah Jones的首张单曲Don't Know Why赢得了2003年格莱美奖的几个奖项。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
John Myatt is an artist. He may not be the greatest artist in the world, but he is possibly the world's greatest forger (伪造者). He is able to paint pictures in the style of famous artists like Monet and Matisse.
__1__ This unusual skill got Myatt into a lot of trouble in the 1990s. For many years he taught art at a secondary school, but then he got divorced (离婚) and he gave up his job to spend more time with his children. In order to make some money he started painting pictures in the style of famous artists and selling them.
__2__ He was honest about his work—he wrote his name on the back, and he sold them for ￡150 each. However, one of his customers, John Drewe, started to resell Myatt's paintings as genuine, original works. Drewe had sold one of Myatt's paintings for￡25，000. He contacted Myatt and suggested that they go into business together. Myatt agreed. He continued to paint and Drewe sold his paintings to art collectors around the world. __3__
The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint. __4__ But it soon came to an end. Drewe was divorced too, and his ex wife found out about the forgeries. She went to the police and they arrested Drewe and Myatt. At their trial Drewe was sent to prison for six years and Myatt for less than one year.
__5__ When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again. But he put his name on the back, as he'd done before he met Drewe. Myatt is now famous and instead of charging ￡150 for a painting, he can charge ￡40－50，000.
A．It wasn't illegal.
B．Then he decided to stop copying famous paintings.
C．It was the same paint that people use to paint houses!
D．Myatt only spent four months in prison for good behavior.
E．That's more than Drewe gave him for his “genuine” paintings!
F．His pictures are so good that experts can't tell that they are not originals.
G．Between 1986 and 1994 they sold about 200 paintings and made over a million pounds.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位擅长模仿著名艺术家的风格作画的艺术家John Myatt (约翰·迈亚特)的经历。
1．答案：F
解析：根据上文“John Myatt is an artist ... like Monet and Matisse.”可知，此处说明了他模仿得非常逼真，所以F项(他的画太好了，专家都看不出它们不是真迹。)承接上文，并且呼应下文的“This unusual skill”。故选F。
2．答案：A
解析：根据下文“He was honest ... ￡150 each.”可知，他这样做并不是抄袭，是不违法的，A项(这并不违法。)符合语境。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Drewe had sold ... around the world.”可知，本段主要讲述Myatt和Drewe (德鲁)合作将Myatt的画作作为原创作品转售，G项(从1986年到1994年，他们卖出了大约200幅画，赚了100多万英镑。)承接上文，说明他们卖画赚了很多钱，符合语境。故选G。
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint.”可知，Myatt用装饰漆来绘画，C项(这和人们用来粉刷房子的颜料是一样的！)承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：D
解析：根据下文“When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again.(当他出来后，他又开始以著名艺术家的风格作画。)”可推知，上文应该和在监狱的生活有关，D项(迈丽特因为表现良好只在监狱里待了四个月。)符合语境。故选D。
精深阅读
Wang Fang, a Suzhou native, has given her heart and soul to Kunqu Opera. Wang, who has twice won the Plum Performance Award—China's top award for theater and opera performances—started to learn the traditional art form in 1977.
Born with a melodic voice, Wang loved to sing and dance when she was little. She performed frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe (剧团) when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, insisting that she should concentrate on her studies and not drop out of school. After members of the troupe visited the parents repeatedly and showed great sincerity, Wang's parents finally agreed.
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce words, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artists roles at first, she had to spend extra time practicing kung fu movements. Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She was soaked in sweat when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains (冻疮) on her hands when training in shabby classrooms with broken windows. “But I was young and determined at the time. No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice，” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did not love Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s, when she watched the show Peony Pavilion performed by Zhang Jiqing, a master of the art form, it clicked. “I was shocked，” Wang says. “Her every movement was full of elegance and delicacy. Each of her lines and songs was perfect. I was overwhelmed by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time in my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Now, Wang has herself become a master of Kunqu. Her performances have impressed generations and helped to promote the art form among young people.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了昆曲艺术家王芳学习昆曲的艰难之路。
1．Why did Wang's parents turn down the troupe's invitation at first
A．They didn't think Wang had artistic talent.
B．They saw no future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C．They didn't want Wang to ignore her studies.
D．They regarded members of the troupe as insincere.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, her parents ... out of school.”可知，王芳的父母不想让王忽略她的学业，才会拒绝剧团的邀请。故选C。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Wang has made great efforts to learn Kunqu well.
B．Artists should be given more attention and care.
C．Traditional culture needs to be further promoted.
D．Wang has played a key role in the development of Kunqu.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Learning the traditional art form was never easy.(学习传统艺术从来都不容易。)”及下文对王芳日常练习的描述可知，本段主要介绍了王芳学习昆曲的过程是非常辛苦的，她为了学好昆曲付出了巨大的努力。故选A。
3．What changed Wang's attitude towards Kunqu Opera
A．Winning the Plum Performance Award.
B．Joining the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe.
C．Watching Zhang's masterly performance.
D．Being greatly admired by the audience.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Wang says ... form, it clicked.”可知，张继青出神入化的表演让王芳对昆曲从不爱转变为喜爱。故选C。
4．What does Wang's story show us
A．It is never too late to learn.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．Doing is better than saying.
D．Don't judge a book by its cover.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述王芳学习昆曲的艰苦历程。由此可推知，本文通过昆曲艺术家王芳的事例告诉我们：要想成功，就必须要坚持努力。正所谓，罗马不是一日建成的。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．concentrate(第二段)
2．sincerity(第二段)
sincerity n. 真诚，真挚→sincere adj. 衷心的，诚挚的；(人)真诚的，诚恳的→sincerely adv. 由衷地，真诚地
3．overwhelm(第四段)
熟义 v. 压倒；击败；征服 The enemies were overwhelmed by the troops. 敌军被部队击溃。
v. (感情上)使受不了 He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past. 他陷入了一种对过去的渴望而不能自拔。
生义 v. 使应接不暇 We were overwhelmed by requests for information. 问讯使我们应接不暇。
v. 淹没，漫过 If water overwhelms a place, it covers it suddenly and completely. 如果水淹没了一个地方，它会突然完全覆盖它。
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu.
多年后，王芳用“难以想象”这个词来形容她第一次学习昆曲时的艰辛。
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50 year old, who is called the “mother of wheat”， is a __2__ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and __3__ experiments. “The first __4__ is to find suitable parental types (亲本类型) for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained. “After several generations of __5__ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we __6__ a two year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) __7__ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new __8__ should produce high yields, have stable production, and __9__ good resistance to bad conditions，” she added. “__10__， it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team __11__ 70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __12__ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __14__. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __15__ on the land，” she said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“麦子妈妈”张道荣和她的团队努力培育小麦新品种的事迹。
1．A.advertising B．cultivating
C．discussing D．observing
答案：B
解析：advertise 做广告；cultivate 培育；discuss 讨论；observe 观察。根据下文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此处指培育小麦新品种。故选B。
2．A.journalist B．researcher
C．teacher D．manager
答案：B
解析：journalist 记者；researcher 研究者；teacher 教师；manager 经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
3．A.precise B．efficient
C．simple D．expensive
答案：A
解析：句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。precise 精确的；efficient 高效的；simple 简单的；expensive 昂贵的。此处呼应“strict standards”，指精确的实验。故选A。
4．A.step B．attempt
C．method D．question
答案：A
解析：step 步骤；attempt 企图；method 方法；question 问题。根据下文“to find suitable parental types (亲本类型) for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的亲本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
5．A.encouragement B．support
C．management D．trial
答案：D
解析：encouragement 鼓励；support 支持；management 管理；trial 试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优品种。故选D。
6．A.choose B．continue
C．begin D．repeat
答案：C
解析：choose 选择；continue 继续；begin 开始；repeat 重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和下文“a two year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知，接下来应开始产量测试和疾病识别。故选C。
7．A.practice B．application
C．appliance D．invitation
答案：B
解析：practice 练习；application 申请；appliance 家用电器；invitation 邀请。根据上文“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
8．A.environment B．machine
C．farmland D．variety
答案：D
解析：environment 环境；machine 机器；farmland 农田；variety 品种。根据上文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此处是指一个新的品种。故选D。
9．A.produce B．enhance
C．show D．develop
答案：C
解析：produce 生产，产生；enhance 加强；show 表明，表现；develop 发展。根据下文“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种应表现出良好的抵抗恶劣环境的能力。故选C。
10．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
答案：A
解析：句意：此外，它也应该被市场所接受。besides 此外；however 然而；therefore 因此；otherwise 否则。结合句意可知，此处是对上文的补充说明。故选A。
11．A.watered B．bought
C．protected D．planted
答案：D
解析：water 浇水；buy 购买；protect 保护；plant 种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及下文“70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
12．A.reporting B．designing
C．conducting D．studying
答案：C
解析：report 报道；design 设计；conduct 进行；study 学习，研究。根据下文“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指对新苗进行实验，并进行记录和分析。故选C。
13．A.tough B．normal
C．varied D．specific
答案：A
解析：tough 棘手的，艰难的；normal 正常的；varied 变化的；specific 具体的。根据下文中的“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰难且复杂的。故选A。
14．A.end up B．let down
C．break up D．pay off
答案：D
解析：end up 结束；let down 使失望；break up 破裂；pay off 获得回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
15．A.answers B．comfort
C．dreams D．courage
答案：A
解析：answer 答案；comfort 安慰；dream 梦，梦想；courage 勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报，再结合上文“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考，多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种的答案。故选A。
Ⅱ 阅读
David Warren, born in 1925, had great interest in science and engineering from childhood, and was studying for his amateur radio (业余无线电) license when a World War Ⅱ ban on hobby radio forced him to redirect his efforts to chemistry sets. He went on to earn a B．S. from the University of Sydney and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College London. He then spent three years as a science officer at the Woomera Rocket Range, before joining the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL).
In 1953, the ARL assigned him to a panel investigating two crashes of airplanes. Warren found his mind wandering to a device he had seen at a trade fair: the Minifon, a German device that was marketed as the first pocket recorder. The device was intended for businessmen, but Warren began thinking how useful it would be for airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea to his boss, he showed no enthusiasm. In 1955, he got a new boss named Tom Keeble, to whom he promoted the idea again. Keeble told Warren to outline specifications for a prototype (样机). The ARL contracted with Theon “Tych” Mirfield, a Melbourne based instrument maker, to build the first working prototype, which was completed in 1958.
The response to the prototype was depressing. According to a 1998 account by Warren, civil authorities said that “Dr Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes.” That critical reception might have affected the flight recorder. But Robert Hardingham, Secretary of the UK Air Registration Board, happened to see the prototype on an informal visit to the ARL, and he was so impressed that he arranged for Warren to fly to England to demonstrate it.
Back in Australia, the ARL assigned Warren a team to update the prototype. The ARL system itself was never patented and never went into production, but the British firm of S. Davall & Sons approached the ARL for the production rights. The Davall “red egg” accident recorder eventually won a large share of the flight data recording market.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David Warren (戴维·沃伦)的学习经历和工作经历，还介绍了他发明飞行记录仪的过程。
1．What did Warren do according to Paragraph 1
A．He gained a PhD from the University of Sydney.
B．He showed interest in chemistry during childhood.
C．He gave up his hobby due to a wartime ban.
D．He worked as a science officer at the ARL.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“David Warren, born in 1925 ... his efforts to chemistry sets.(戴维·沃伦出生于1925年，从小就对科学和工程学感兴趣，在攻读业余无线电执照时，第二次世界大战对业余无线电的禁令迫使他将精力转向化学设备。)”可知，由于二战时期的禁令，Warren被迫放弃爱好并转而学习化学设备。故选C。
2．What inspired Warren to develop his flight recorder
A．A German designed machine for businessmen.
B．A battery powered device for airplanes.
C．The two crashes of airplanes.
D．The science fair of the ARL.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Warren found his mind ... it would be for airplanes.”可知，这台德国制造的给商人用的机器为他研发飞行记录仪提供了灵感。故选A。
3．What was civil authorities' attitude toward Warren's flight recorder
A．Positive. B．Unfavorable.
C．Contradictory. D．Unclear.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to a 1998 account ... direct use in airplanes.”可知，民政部门认为Warren的仪器在飞机上几乎没有直接用途，由此可推知，他们不支持Warren的飞行记录仪。故选B。
4．What do we know about Warren's prototype
A．It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B．It was designed by Theon “Tych” Mirfield.
C．It was updated by Robert Hardingham.
D．It was mass produced by a British company.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ARL system itself ... the flight data recording market.”可知，英国公司S. Davall & Sons取得了Warren飞行记录仪原型机的生产权，并且赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额，由此可推知，是英国公司将原型机投入大批量生产的。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or Dahan in Chinese, is the 24th solar term. In 2024, it began on Jan.20 and ended on Feb.4. In this period, snow, rain __1__ icy cold weather have a big influence on people's lives.
Here __2__ (be) several interesting facts you might want to know about Major Cold.
During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is very cold. Although modern meteorological (气象学的) observation shows that in some __3__ (region) of China, the weather during Major Cold is not colder than Minor Cold, the __4__ (low) temperatures of the whole year still occur in the Major Cold period.
Predatory birds, such as hawks and falcons, are busy __5__ (search) for food to gather energy to fight against the cold during this period of time.
In North China, as the weather is cold to the extreme and the ground __6__ (cover) with ice and snow, farmers usually take __7__ break and prepare for spring work. But people in the south continue farming as the field is not yet frozen.
__8__ (celebrate) Major Cold, people in Beijing eat “dispelling cold cake”， a kind of rice cake. In Chinese, “rice cake”， __9__ represents good luck and continuous promotion, has the same __10__ (pronounce) as the phrase “higher in a new year”．
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气里的大寒。
1．答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：在这个时期，雪、雨和冰冷的天气对人们的生活有很大的影响。下文icy cold weather与上文snow、rain是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
2．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；主语several interesting facts为复数。故填are。
3．答案：regions
解析：考查名词。此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，根据some可知，应用复数。故填regions。
4．答案：lowest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据the和of the whole year可知，此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰temperatures。故填lowest。
5．答案：searching
解析：考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”，为固定搭配。故填searching。
6．答案：is covered
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；动词cover与主语the ground之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语the ground为单数。故填is covered。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。短语take a break意为“休息一下”。故填a。
8．答案：To celebrate
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填To celebrate。
9．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rice cake，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
10．答案：pronunciation
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在汉语中，“年糕”代表着好运和不断的晋升，与“年高”的发音相同。根据设空前the same可知，设空处应用单数名词，作动词has的宾语。故填pronunciation。
精深阅读
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918 and he is the first Black president of South Africa. Mandela was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993.
In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became a leader of its Youth League. That same year he married Evelyn Ntoko Mase. In 1952, Mandela established South Africa's first Black law practice. From 1964 to 1982 Mandela was kept at Robben Island Prison. He was then kept at the Pollsmoor Prison until 1990, when, after being treated for bad health, he was moved to the Victor Verster Prison. Throughout his incarceration between 1964 and 1990, Mandela gained wide support among South Africa's Black people.
On February 11, 1990, the South African government set Mandela free from prison. Shortly after gaining freedom, Mandela was chosen deputy president (副总统) of the ANC and he became president of the party in July 1991.
In April, 1994, the Mandela－led ANC won South Africa's first election and on May 10, Mandela became president of the country. Mandela gave up his post with the ANC in December 1997. After leaving office, Mandela retired from active politics but maintained a strong international presence as an advocate of peace and social justice.
Mandela Day was created to honour his contributions to promoting peace and justice around the world. It was first observed on July 18, 2009. Later that year the United Nations declared that the day would be observed every year as Nelson Mandela International Day. Mandela's writings were collected in I Am Prepared to Die (1964), No Easy Walk to Freedom (1965), The Struggle Is My Life (1978), and In His Own Words (2003). The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了南非总统Nelson Mandela (纳尔逊·曼德拉)的生平。
1．What does the underlined word “incarceration” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Being free. B．Being on duty.
C．Being independent. D．Being behind bars.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“From 1964 to 1982 Mandela ... Victor Verster Prison.”可知，从1964年到1990年，Mandela一直被关在监狱里。由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“在1964年至1990年的监禁期间，Mandela获得了南非黑人的广泛支持”，因此incarceration意为“监禁”。故选D。
2．Which is the right order of the following events about Nelson Mandela
①He became president of South Africa.
②He joined the African National Congress.
③He was kept at Robben Island Prison.
④He was moved to the Victor Verster Prison.
⑤He established the first Black law practice.
A．⑤②③④① B．②⑤③④①
C．③⑤②④① D．④②⑤③①
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Mandela于1944年加入非洲国民大会，于1952年建立了第一个黑人法律机构，1964年到1982年被关在罗本岛监狱，1990年被转移到Victor Verster监狱；根据倒数第二段第一句可知，1994年5月Mandela成为南非总统。故选B。
3．What do we know about Mandela Day
A．It was first celebrated in 2009.
B．It was only observed in communities.
C．It was created by Nelson Mandela.
D．It was prohibited by the United Nations.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Mandela Day ... International Day.”可知，首次庆祝曼德拉日是在2009年。故选A。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To celebrate Mandela Day.
B．To introduce Nelson Mandela.
C．To advertise Nelson Mandela's writings.
D．To explain social problems in South Africa.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可推知，本文的主要目的是介绍Nelson Mandela。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．award(第一段)
2．contribution(第五段)
contribution n. 贡献，促成作用；捐款→contribute v. 捐赠；(为……)做贡献；促成→contributor n. 捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素
3．observe(第五段)
熟义 v. 看到；观察到；注意到 They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together. 他们观看了机器零件的组装过程。
生义 vt. 庆祝(节日) Do they observe the Spring Festival in that country？ 那个国家的人庆祝春节吗？
vt. 遵守(规则、法律等) You are supposed to observe the laws of the land while staying there. 在那个国家期间，你要遵守当地的法律。
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
1994年出版的《漫漫自由路》记录了他的早年生活和狱中岁月。
35(共134张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前预习 效果检测
合作探究 精研重点
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
学习效果 当堂巩固
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
５
课前预习 效果检测
一 阅读单词(8个)
写出英语单词
1．____________ n. 生理学；生理机能
2．__________ n. [药]青蒿素
3．________ n. 疟疾
4．________ adj. 植物学的
5．___________ n. 蒿；洋艾
6．________ vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点
7．________ n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的
8．__________ n. 物质；物品；事实根据
physiology
artemisinin
malaria
botanical
wormwood
boil
liquid
substance
二 核心单词(11个)
A．写出英语单词
1．________ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
2．________ adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．________ vt. 评价；评估
4．________ n. 性质；特征；财产
5．________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
crucial
vital
evaluate
property
distinct
6．________ n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
7．________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．____________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．________ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
10．________ vt. 分析
11．________ vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求
extract
obtain
acknowledge
defeat
analyse
insist
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯词典)I ________ that we should have a look at every car.
2．(牛津高阶)I finally managed to ________ a copy of the report.
3．(剑桥高阶)If we can ________ the Italian team, we'll be through to the final.
4．(柯林斯词典)Support from those closest to you is ____________ in these trying times.
5．(牛津高阶)Parents play a ___________ role in preparing their child for school.
6．(柯林斯词典)He is also ______________ as an excellent goalkeeper.
insisted
obtain
defeat
vital/crucial
crucial/vital
acknowledged
三 拓展单词(6个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→____________ n. 承诺；保证；托付；奉献
2．________ adj. 学业的；学术的→__________ n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校
commit
committed
commitment
academic
academy
3．________ n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的→________ n. 物体；宾语；目标
4．____________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→__________ adj. 显而易见的；显然的
5．________ adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→________ n. 科学，理科，自然科学→________ n. 科学家；自然科学家
6．________ adv. 主要地；一般地→________ adj. 最多的 adv. 最
objective
object
apparently
apparent
scientific
science
scientist
mostly
most
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全国乙卷)From the English side, we have __________ reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
2．(柯林斯词典)This college has a good __________ reputation.
3．(柯林斯词典)His ________ was to play golf and win.
4．(朗文当代)The banks _____________ themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.
5．(牛津高阶)He paused, ___________ lost in thought.
6．(剑桥高阶)The band are ________ teenagers, I think.
scientific
academic
objective
have committed
apparently
mostly
四 重点短语(2个)
A．写出英语短语
1．__________________________________ 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．____________ 坚决要求
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高阶)They ____________ playing their music late at night.
2．(牛津高阶)Borrowers should think carefully before _______________________ taking out a loan.
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
insist on
insist on
committing themselves to
合作探究 精研重点
1 crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Certainly, the early years are crucial to a child's development.
毫无疑问，幼年对儿童的成长至关重要。
②(朗文当代)It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
立即解决这个问题至关重要。
③(中国日报)2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were an important landmark event China held at a crucial moment.
2022年冬季奥运会和残奥会是中国在关键时刻举行的重要里程碑式事件。
④(剑桥高阶)Crucially, almost 50 per cent of participants felt they were more productive at work.
最关键的是，近50%的参与者感觉他们在工作中更有效率了。
【运用】单句语法填空
①It's crucial ____________ (measure) inpatients' signs of life.
②Talent, hard work and passion are all crucial ________ career success.
③It's crucial ________ you keep it in your heart.
【输出】翻译
④Chewing properly is crucially important.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤紧要关头他却不在那里。
__________________________________________________________________
to measure
to/for
that
正确地咀嚼是至关重要的。
He wasn’t there at the crucial moment.
2 vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的(教材P2)
归纳
①(柯林斯词典)Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)．
如果您想发表作品，提交一份完美、专业的原稿至关重要。
③(牛津高阶)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self－employed.
干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。
【运用】单句语法填空
①These vitamins are vital ________ health.
②Education is ________ (vital) important for the country's future.
③Young people, full of vigour and ________ (vital), are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
④It is vital that human beings ______________ (obey) the rules of nature.
【输出】翻译
⑤面对失败，我们要有良好的心态，这很重要。
__________________________________________________________________
to/for
vitally
vitality
(should) obey
It is vital that we (should) have a good state of mind in the face of failure.
3 commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(教材P2)
归纳
①(剑桥高阶)The government must commit itself to improving health care.
政府必须致力于改善医疗保健。
②(柯林斯词典)You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不必通过电话承诺任何事情。
③(柯林斯词典)We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们承诺要继续在一起工作。
④(柯林斯词典)He said the government remained committed to peace.
他说，政府仍然致力于和平。
【运用】单句语法填空
①He is regarded as a _____________ (commit) supporter of the reform policy.
②Our company has made a __________ (commit) to quality and customer service.
【输出】翻译
③You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
__________________________________________________________________
④各学校致力于提供优质教育。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
committed
commitment
你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这件事。
The schools commit themselves to providing/are committed to providing good education.
4 extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The tooth was eventually extracted.
这颗牙齿最终被拔掉了。
②(牛津高阶)The following extract is taken from her new novel.
以下节选自她的新小说。
③(剑桥高阶)The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
从橄榄中提取的油用于烹饪。
【运用】单句语法填空
①This article is extracted ________ his new book.
②These are all ________ (extract) from the long poem.
【输出】翻译
③The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.
____________________________________________________________________
④She enjoys reading literary classics, making extracts as she goes along.
____________________________________________________________________
from
extracts
牙医可能决定拔掉智齿。
她热衷于读文学名著，边读边做摘记。
5 obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)
归纳
①(中国日报)Governments at all levels should help enterprises to obtain more orders through various online and offline channels.
各级政府要帮助企业通过各种线上线下渠道获取更多订单。
②(朗文当代)Further information can be obtained from head office.
可从总部获得进一步的信息。
③(剑桥高阶)Information on the subject is easily obtainable on the Internet.
有关这一主题的信息很容易在互联网上获得。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②The dried herb is ___________ (obtain) from health shops.
【输出】翻译
③These conditions no longer obtain.
__________________________________________________________________
④取得可靠的凭据是很困难的。
__________________________________________________________________
from
obtainable
这些条件不再适用。
It is difficult to obtain reliable evidence.
6 acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
这个国家承认了他继承王位的权利。
②(朗文当代)Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.
许多穷苦人承认他是他们的精神领袖。
③(剑桥高阶)She acknowledged having been at fault.
她承认自己有错。
④(中国日报)It has been widely acknowledged that these emerging pollutants are increasingly becoming a hazard.
人们普遍认为，这些新出现的污染物正日益成为一种危险物质。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The director of the factory had to acknowledge ________ (release) chemical waste into the river.
②These flowers are a small _________________ (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
【输出】一句多译
③普遍认为，她是世界上最好的网球选手之一。
_________________________________ one of the best players in the world.
＝__________________________________ one of the best players in the world.
releasing
acknowledgement
She was widely acknowledged to be/as
It was widely acknowledged that she was
7 defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜(教材P2)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
②(牛津高阶)He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.
他还没有学会怎样豁达大度地面对失败。
③(朗文当代)She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是一个不愿认输的女人。
④(中国日报)Stefanos Tsitsipas was defeated by Danish teenager Holger Rune 7－5, 3－6, 6－3, 6－4 earlier in the French Open.
当天早些时候，斯特凡诺斯·齐齐帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法国网球公开赛上被丹麦少年霍尔格·鲁内击败。
【运用】单句语法填空
①If you are defeated ________ failures, you are a failure indeed.
②The world champion has only had two ________ (defeat) in 20 fights.
【输出】翻译
③就是论文上的最后一个问题把我难倒了。
____________________________________________________________________
④他们在这场战役中遭遇了失败。
____________________________________________________________________
by
defeats
It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.
They suffered a defeat in the battle.
8 insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求(教材P3)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)We insisted on a refund of the full amount.
我们坚决要求全额退款。
②(柯林斯词典)She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她坚持要出席所有的面试。
insist后接 that从句时，应分清两种情况：
(1)表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that 可以省略。
(2)表示“坚决要求；一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未发生的事，此时从句通常用虚拟语气，谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。此用法的动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(command, order)，三建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四要求(ask, request, require, demand)。
(朗文当代)He insisted I (should) take a taxi and offered to pay for it.
他坚持要我坐出租车，并主动提出他付钱。
【运用】单句语法填空
①She kept insisting __________ her innocence.
②Lane insisted that the project ________________ (carry) out on schedule.
③I suggest you ____________ (take) the forms away and read them at your leisure.
【输出】翻译
④He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine.
____________________________________________________________________
on/upon
(should) be carried
(should) take
他坚持说他没有病，但医生却坚决要求他服药。
[教材原句P2]Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
剖析 be thought to是被动结构，意为“……被认为……”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
无论如何都不能说这个问题已经解决了。
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
通信技术的持续发展曾经被认为会使印刷版过时。
③(牛津高阶)The house was reported to be in excellent condition.
据报道，这所房子状况良好。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The vase on the bookshelf ___________ (think) to be as old as the tree in front of the church.
②The diary tells the children and parents what is required ________ (be) done on any one evening.
【输出】翻译
③At that time, Tina was widely believed to be the author of those two novels.
____________________________________________________________________
④The president is reported to have been delighted with the progress of the first day's talks.
____________________________________________________________________
is thought
to be
当时各界广泛相信蒂娜是这两部小说的作者。
据报道，总统对第一天会谈的进展很满意。
温馨提示：这里不是单纯地提供查寻便利，也不是简单地答疑解惑，而是坚持尝试将英语译成汉语，再将汉语译回英语，仔细揣摩英汉位置的差异，最终提高英语语言的输出能力。从英语译成汉语，再从汉语译回英语——这就是“回译法”。尝试并坚持，终将受益……
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖
6 October 2015
2015年10月6日
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究发现了青蒿素，一种治疗疟疾的关键性新药物。
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people.
青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，改善了数百万人的健康状况。
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600，000 die from it.
全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，约60万人死于这种疾病。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的生命。
难句分析
①whose research led to ... new treatment for malaria为______________从句，解释说明Tu Youyou；whose作_________，修饰research，表示所属关系；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的_________。
非限制性定语
定语
同位语
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位意志坚定而且有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
难句分析
②with the objective ... malaria作_______；chosen为过去分词作___________，修饰the first researchers。
状语
后置定语
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
一开始，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较普遍的海南，在那里研究疟疾患者。
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复查中国古代医学文献，寻找传统的植物疗法来治疗这种疾病。
Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查阅了2，000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。
From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医疗方法，这些方法在抗击疟疾方面显现出了希望。
难句分析
③where引导______________从句，解释说明Hainan，在从句中作_________。
非限制性定语
地点状语
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。
Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.
屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但发现没有效果。
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。
Their project got stuck.
他们的项目陷入了困境。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。
She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
她再次分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
难句分析
④that引导的________从句中，boiling the sweet wormwood 为动名词短语作______。
宾语
主语
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她用较低的温度进行提取，发现了一种有效的物质。
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
在失败了190 多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分患者都康复了。
This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
难句分析
⑤Using a lower ... the extract 为现在分词短语作________，与主语she为_______关系；that worked为________从句，先行词为________________ 。
⑥most of whom recovered为“_____＋___________”引导的非限制性定语从句。
状语
主动
定语
a substance
介词
关系代词
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是团队的努力。
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。
There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
在我身后有一个团队，还有我国的全体人民。
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
中国的科研和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”
难句分析
⑦Upon hearing that ... Nobel Prize是介词短语，作__________；that she ... Nobel Prize是______从句。
⑧There be句型属于________句型，be动词的数遵循__________原则。
时间状语
宾语
倒装
就近一致
学习效果 当堂巩固
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Understanding history is v________ to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
2．I would just add that I was deeply interested in biology and p__________．
3．They accepted their d________ and started thinking what lessons they can learn from it.
4．Oxygen is one of the basic elements of s________．
5．Our main o________ was the recovery of the child safe and well.
ital
hysiology
efeat
ubstance
bjective
6．The pictures we took at the b________ garden should be ready tomorrow.
7．A________， she has written to her aunt in Holland asking for advice.
8．We should a________ what they said and not just agree with everything.
9．Solids turn to l________ at certain temperatures.
10．His voice was quiet but every word was d________．
otanical
pparently
nalyse
iquids
istinct
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Through it all, she remained in good ________ (academy) standing and graduated with honours.
2．We now have to decide who the owners of these __________ (property) are.
3．Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, ________ is essential during holidays.
4．Gary insisted ________ buying the food for the picnic.
5．However, technology is also the application of __________ (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
academic
properties
which
on/upon
scientific
6．The police force is _________ (commit) to being an equal opportunity employer.
7．We had a long talk about her father, Tony, ________ was a friend of mine.
8．There are many factors that are crucial ________ (gain) success in a career.
9．Full details are ____________ (obtain) from any post office.
10．Gwen had not seen her dad all that much, because ________ (most) he worked on the ships.
committed
who
to gain
obtainable
mostly
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to ____________．
2．He ____________ be one of the richest men in Europe.
3．Journalists managed to _________ all kinds of information about her private life.
4．The market situation is difficult to ____________．
5．The truth was known to no one ____________ the police.
boil
extract; other than; boil; be thought to; evaluate
is thought to
extract
evaluate
other than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．当我去徐州出差的时候，碰巧尝到了这种民间小吃。
When I went to Xuzhou on business, I enjoyed this folk snack ____________．
2．你应该在得到父母允许之后再出去逛街。
You should _____________________ your parents before you would hang out.
3．他父母没有承诺帮他买房子。
His parents didn't ____________________________ him buy a house.
by chance
obtain permission from
commit themselves to helping
4．她被公认为这门学科的专家。
She ________________________ an expert on the subject.
5．所有的医生都坚称他受伤严重，并坚持主张他立刻进行手术。
All the doctors ____________________________ and that he __________________ at once.
is acknowledged as/to be
insisted that he was badly wounded
(should) be operated on
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
温馨提示：丰富的语料是写作的源泉，与其单独背那些枯燥的热词佳句，不如在阅读语境中轻松记忆语篇题中的黑体(除标题和设题外)语句，日积月累，悄然完成迁移，提升写作。
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789－1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461－1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831－1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了历史上四位杰出女性从医人员的生平事迹。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family ... performed surgery.”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，Jacqueline (杰奎琳)和James (詹姆斯)的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book ... as a physician”可推知，谈允贤与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四部分中的“Four years later ... a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler (丽贝卡·李·克鲁普勒)是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
B
A young woman sits down at the piano. Her long flowing brown hair frames a friendly face. And then she begins to sing. Her unexpectedly mature voice attracted everyone in the room. This is Norah Jones, award winning singer and songwriter.
Norah Jones was born on March 30, 1979, in New York City. She is the daughter of the legendary Rxdyi Shankar, a very famous guitar player; but Norah was brought up entirely by her mother Sue. At 4 years old, she and her mother moved to the Dallas suburb, Texas. Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection. She began singing in church choirs at age five, took piano lessons two years later, and briefly played alto saxophone in junior high.
In the course of serving customers and laying tables in a fast restaurant, Jones soon started a band in which she was a lead singer, of course, and played piano as well. In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.
At a meeting with Blue Note president Bruce in the following year, Jones played her three－song tape, hoping to earn a break. Bruce was so impressed with this young girl's talents that he signed her on the spot. After a year of work, Norah Jones released her debut album, Come Away with Me. Norah Jones has already sold 2.6 million copies of the album, which is 10 times more than any album in Blue Note history. Despite the lack of advertisement, her album was inching its way up the music charts while the debut single Don't Know Why was climbing up the Adult Top 40 Chart.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Norah Jones (诺拉·琼斯)从服务员到歌坛巨星的不凡经历。
The singer already enjoyed a success at the Grammy Awards in 2003, where she picked up five trophies in the major categories (Album of the Year, Record of the Year Trophy for Don't Know Why, Best New Artist, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for Don't Know Why, and Best Pop Vocal Album). It's clear that this was only the beginning for Miss Jones.
4．What motivated Jones' interest in music when young
A．Her childhood experience.
B．Her mother's preference in music.
C．Her participation in church choirs.
D．Her mother's extensive LP collection.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection.”可知，Jones在音乐上受到的早期影响来自她母亲收藏的大量唱片。故选D。
5．What did Jones do before being signed by EMI Blue Note Records
A．Work as a waitress.
B．Study in a high school.
C．Play the piano for customers.
D．Compose songs for a band.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the course ... as well.”可知，Jones在与百代蓝音符唱片公司签约之前是一名服务员。故选A。
6．When did Jones release her debut album
A．In 2000. B．In 2001.
C．In 2002. D．In 2003.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.”以及第四段中的“At a meeting with Blue Note ... Come Away with Me.”可推知，Jones于2002年发行了她的首张专辑。故选C。
7．What can we know about her debut single Don't Know Why
A．It was composed by Jones.
B．It sold well through advertisement.
C．It hit the top in the Adult Top 40 Chart.
D．It won several awards in the Grammy Awards in 2003.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The singer already enjoyed ... Best Pop Vocal Album)．”可知，Norah Jones的首张单曲Don't Know Why赢得了2003年格莱美奖的几个奖项。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
John Myatt is an artist. He may not be the greatest artist in the world, but he is possibly the world's greatest forger (伪造者). He is able to paint pictures in the style of famous artists like Monet and Matisse.
__1__ This unusual skill got Myatt into a lot of trouble in the 1990s. For many years he taught art at a secondary school, but then he got divorced (离婚) and he gave up his job to spend more time with his children. In order to make some money he started painting pictures in the style of famous artists and selling them.
__2__ He was honest about his work—he wrote his name on the back, and he sold them for ￡150 each. However, one of his customers, John Drewe, started to resell Myatt's paintings as genuine, original works. Drewe had sold one of Myatt's paintings for￡25，000. He contacted Myatt and suggested that they go into business together. Myatt agreed. He continued to paint and Drewe sold his paintings to art collectors around the world. __3__
The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint. __4__ But it soon came to an end. Drewe was divorced too, and his ex wife found out about the forgeries. She went to the police and they arrested Drewe and Myatt. At their trial Drewe was sent to prison for six years and Myatt for less than one year.
__5__ When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again. But he put his name on the back, as he'd done before he met Drewe. Myatt is now famous and instead of charging ￡150 for a painting, he can charge ￡40－50，000.
A．It wasn't illegal.
B．Then he decided to stop copying famous paintings.
C．It was the same paint that people use to paint houses!
D．Myatt only spent four months in prison for good behavior.
E．That's more than Drewe gave him for his “genuine” paintings!
F．His pictures are so good that experts can't tell that they are not originals.
G．Between 1986 and 1994 they sold about 200 paintings and made over a million pounds.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位擅长模仿著名艺术家的风格作画的艺术家John Myatt (约翰·迈亚特)的经历。
1．答案：F
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“John Myatt is an artist ... like Monet and Matisse.”可知，此处说明了他模仿得非常逼真，所以F项(他的画太好了，专家都看不出它们不是真迹。)承接上文，并且呼应下文的“This unusual skill”。故选F。
解析：根据下文“He was honest ... ￡150 each.”可知，他这样做并不是抄袭，是不违法的，A项(这并不违法。)符合语境。故选A。
3．答案：G
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Drewe had sold ... around the world.”可知，本段主要讲述Myatt和Drewe (德鲁)合作将Myatt的画作作为原创作品转售，G项(从1986年到1994年，他们卖出了大约200幅画，赚了100多万英镑。)承接上文，说明他们卖画赚了很多钱，符合语境。故选G。
解析：根据上文“The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint.”可知，Myatt用装饰漆来绘画，C项(这和人们用来粉刷房子的颜料是一样的！)承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
解析：根据下文“When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again.(当他出来后，他又开始以著名艺术家的风格作画。)”可推知，上文应该和在监狱的生活有关，D项(迈丽特因为表现良好只在监狱里待了四个月。)符合语境。故选D。
5．答案：D
Wang Fang, a Suzhou native, has given her heart and soul to Kunqu Opera. Wang, who has twice won the Plum Performance Award—China's top award for theater and opera performances—started to learn the traditional art form in 1977.
Born with a melodic voice, Wang loved to sing and dance when she was little. She performed frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe (剧团) when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, insisting that she should concentrate on her studies and not drop out of school. After members of the troupe visited the parents repeatedly and showed great sincerity, Wang's parents finally agreed.
精深阅读
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce words, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artists roles at first, she had to spend extra time practicing kung fu movements. Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She was soaked in sweat when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains (冻疮) on her hands when training in shabby classrooms with broken windows. “But I was young and determined at the time. No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice，” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did not love Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s, when she watched the show Peony Pavilion performed by Zhang Jiqing, a master of the art form, it clicked. “I was shocked，” Wang says. “Her every movement was full of elegance and delicacy. Each of her lines and songs was perfect. I was overwhelmed by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time in my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Now, Wang has herself become a master of Kunqu. Her performances have impressed generations and helped to promote the art form among young people.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了昆曲艺术家王芳学习昆曲的艰难之路。
1．Why did Wang's parents turn down the troupe's invitation at first
A．They didn't think Wang had artistic talent.
B．They saw no future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C．They didn't want Wang to ignore her studies.
D．They regarded members of the troupe as insincere.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, her parents ... out of school.”可知，王芳的父母不想让王忽略她的学业，才会拒绝剧团的邀请。故选C。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Wang has made great efforts to learn Kunqu well.
B．Artists should be given more attention and care.
C．Traditional culture needs to be further promoted.
D．Wang has played a key role in the development of Kunqu.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Learning the traditional art form was never easy.(学习传统艺术从来都不容易。)”及下文对王芳日常练习的描述可知，本段主要介绍了王芳学习昆曲的过程是非常辛苦的，她为了学好昆曲付出了巨大的努力。故选A。
3．What changed Wang's attitude towards Kunqu Opera
A．Winning the Plum Performance Award.
B．Joining the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe.
C．Watching Zhang's masterly performance.
D．Being greatly admired by the audience.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Wang says ... form, it clicked.”可知，张继青出神入化的表演让王芳对昆曲从不爱转变为喜爱。故选C。
4．What does Wang's story show us
A．It is never too late to learn.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．Doing is better than saying.
D．Don't judge a book by its cover.
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述王芳学习昆曲的艰苦历程。由此可推知，本文通过昆曲艺术家王芳的事例告诉我们：要想成功，就必须要坚持努力。正所谓，罗马不是一日建成的。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．award(第一段)
专注，
专心；集中注意力
全神贯注于；专心于
集中的；全神贯注的；浓缩的
集中；专心；浓度；含量
2．sincerity(第二段)
sincerity n. ____________→sincere adj. _________________________________ →sincerely adv. ________________
真诚，真挚
衷心的，诚挚的；(人)真诚的，诚恳的
由衷地，真诚地
熟义 v. _______________ The enemies were overwhelmed by the troops.
敌军被部队______。
v. _______________ He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past.
他陷入了一种对过去的渴望____________。
生义 v. ___________ We were overwhelmed by requests for information.
问讯使我们____________。
v. ____________ If water overwhelms a place, it covers it suddenly and completely.
如果水______了一个地方，它会突然完全覆盖它。
3．observe(第五段)
压倒；击败；征服
击溃
(感情上)使受不了
而不能自拔
使应接不暇
应接不暇
淹没，漫过
淹没
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
has twice won
studies
practice
young people
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu.
____________________________________________________________________
多年后，王芳用“难以想象”这个词来形容她第一次学习昆曲时的艰辛。
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 完形填空
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50 year old, who is called the “mother of wheat”， is a __2__ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and __3__ experiments. “The first __4__ is to find suitable parental types (亲本类型) for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained. “After several generations of __5__ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we __6__ a two year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) __7__ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new __8__ should produce high yields, have stable production, and __9__ good resistance to bad conditions，” she added. “__10__， it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team __11__ 70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __12__ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __14__. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __15__ on the land，” she said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“麦子妈妈”张道荣和她的团队努力培育小麦新品种的事迹。
1．A.advertising B．cultivating
C．discussing D．observing
2．A.journalist B．researcher
C．teacher D．manager
解析：advertise 做广告；cultivate 培育；discuss 讨论；observe 观察。根据下文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此处指培育小麦新品种。故选B。
解析：journalist 记者；researcher 研究者；teacher 教师；manager 经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
3．A.precise B．efficient
C．simple D．expensive
4．A.step B．attempt
C．method D．question
解析：句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。precise 精确的；efficient 高效的；simple 简单的；expensive 昂贵的。此处呼应“strict standards”，指精确的实验。故选A。
解析： step 步骤；attempt 企图；method 方法；question 问题。根据下文“to find suitable parental types (亲本类型) for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的亲本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
5．A.encouragement B．support
C．management D．trial
6．A.choose B．continue
C．begin D．repeat
解析： encouragement 鼓励；support 支持；management 管理；trial 试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优品种。故选D。
解析： choose 选择；continue 继续；begin 开始；repeat 重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和下文“a two year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知，接下来应开始产量测试和疾病识别。故选C。
7．A.practice B．application
C．appliance D．invitation
8．A.environment B．machine
C．farmland D．variety
解析： practice 练习；application 申请；appliance 家用电器；invitation 邀请。根据上文“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
解析： environment 环境；machine 机器；farmland 农田；variety 品种。根据上文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此处是指一个新的品种。故选D。
9．A.produce B．enhance
C．show D．develop
10．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析： produce 生产，产生；enhance 加强；show 表明，表现；develop 发展。根据下文“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种应表现出良好的抵抗恶劣环境的能力。故选C。
解析：句意：此外，它也应该被市场所接受。besides 此外；however 然而；therefore 因此；otherwise 否则。结合句意可知，此处是对上文的补充说明。故选A。
11．A.watered B．bought
C．protected D．planted
12．A.reporting B．designing
C．conducting D．studying
解析：water 浇水；buy 购买；protect 保护；plant 种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及下文“70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
解析： report 报道；design 设计；conduct 进行；study 学习，研究。根据下文“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指对新苗进行实验，并进行记录和分析。故选C。
13．A.tough B．normal
C．varied D．specific
14．A.end up B．let down
C．break up D．pay off
解析： tough 棘手的，艰难的；normal 正常的；varied 变化的；specific 具体的。根据下文中的“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰难且复杂的。故选A。
解析：end up 结束；let down 使失望；break up 破裂；pay off 获得回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
15．A.answers
B．comfort
C．dreams
D．courage
解析：answer 答案；comfort 安慰；dream 梦，梦想；courage 勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报，再结合上文“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考，多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种的答案。故选A。
Ⅱ 阅读
David Warren, born in 1925, had great interest in science and engineering from childhood, and was studying for his amateur radio (业余无线电) license when a World War Ⅱ ban on hobby radio forced him to redirect his efforts to chemistry sets. He went on to earn a B．S. from the University of Sydney and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College London. He then spent three years as a science officer at the Woomera Rocket Range, before joining the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL).
In 1953, the ARL assigned him to a panel investigating two crashes of airplanes. Warren found his mind wandering to a device he had seen at a trade fair: the Minifon, a German device that was marketed as the first pocket recorder. The device was intended for businessmen, but Warren began thinking how useful it would be for airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea to his boss, he showed no enthusiasm. In 1955, he got a new boss named Tom Keeble, to whom he promoted the idea again. Keeble told Warren to outline specifications for a prototype (样机). The ARL contracted with Theon “Tych” Mirfield, a Melbourne based instrument maker, to build the first working prototype, which was completed in 1958.
The response to the prototype was depressing. According to a 1998 account by Warren, civil authorities said that “Dr Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes.” That critical reception might have affected the flight recorder. But Robert Hardingham, Secretary of the UK Air Registration Board, happened to see the prototype on an informal visit to the ARL, and he was so impressed that he arranged for Warren to fly to England to demonstrate it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David Warren (戴维·沃伦)的学习经历和工作经历，还介绍了他发明飞行记录仪的过程。
Back in Australia, the ARL assigned Warren a team to update the prototype. The ARL system itself was never patented and never went into production, but the British firm of S. Davall & Sons approached the ARL for the production rights. The Davall “red egg” accident recorder eventually won a large share of the flight data recording market.
1．What did Warren do according to Paragraph 1
A．He gained a PhD from the University of Sydney.
B．He showed interest in chemistry during childhood.
C．He gave up his hobby due to a wartime ban.
D．He worked as a science officer at the ARL.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“David Warren, born in 1925 ... his efforts to chemistry sets.(戴维·沃伦出生于1925年，从小就对科学和工程学感兴趣，在攻读业余无线电执照时，第二次世界大战对业余无线电的禁令迫使他将精力转向化学设备。)”可知，由于二战时期的禁令，Warren被迫放弃爱好并转而学习化学设备。故选C。
2．What inspired Warren to develop his flight recorder
A．A German designed machine for businessmen.
B．A battery powered device for airplanes.
C．The two crashes of airplanes.
D．The science fair of the ARL.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Warren found his mind ... it would be for airplanes.”可知，这台德国制造的给商人用的机器为他研发飞行记录仪提供了灵感。故选A。
3．What was civil authorities' attitude toward Warren's flight recorder
A．Positive.
B．Unfavorable.
C．Contradictory.
D．Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to a 1998 account ... direct use in airplanes.”可知，民政部门认为Warren的仪器在飞机上几乎没有直接用途，由此可推知，他们不支持Warren的飞行记录仪。故选B。
4．What do we know about Warren's prototype
A．It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B．It was designed by Theon “Tych” Mirfield.
C．It was updated by Robert Hardingham.
D．It was mass produced by a British company.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ARL system itself ... the flight data recording market.”可知，英国公司S. Davall & Sons取得了Warren飞行记录仪原型机的生产权，并且赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额，由此可推知，是英国公司将原型机投入大批量生产的。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or Dahan in Chinese, is the 24th solar term. In 2024, it began on Jan.20 and ended on Feb.4. In this period, snow, rain __1__ icy cold weather have a big influence on people's lives.
Here __2__ (be) several interesting facts you might want to know about Major Cold.
During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is very cold. Although modern meteorological (气象学的) observation shows that in some __3__ (region) of China, the weather during Major Cold is not colder than Minor Cold, the __4__ (low) temperatures of the whole year still occur in the Major Cold period.
Predatory birds, such as hawks and falcons, are busy __5__ (search) for food to gather energy to fight against the cold during this period of time.
In North China, as the weather is cold to the extreme and the ground __6__ (cover) with ice and snow, farmers usually take __7__ break and prepare for spring work. But people in the south continue farming as the field is not yet frozen.
__8__ (celebrate) Major Cold, people in Beijing eat “dispelling cold cake”， a kind of rice cake. In Chinese, “rice cake”， __9__ represents good luck and continuous promotion, has the same __10__ (pronounce) as the phrase “higher in a new year”．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气里的大寒。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：and
2．答案：are
解析：考查连词。句意：在这个时期，雪、雨和冰冷的天气对人们的生活有很大的影响。下文icy cold weather与上文snow、rain是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；主语several interesting facts为复数。故填are。
3．答案：regions
4．答案：lowest
解析：考查名词。此处应用名词作介词in的宾语，根据some可知，应用复数。故填regions。
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据the和of the whole year可知，此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰temperatures。故填lowest。
5．答案：searching
6．答案：is covered
解析：考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”，为固定搭配。故填searching。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；动词cover与主语the ground之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语the ground为单数。故填is covered。
7．答案：a
8．答案：To celebrate
解析：考查冠词。短语take a break意为“休息一下”。故填a。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填To celebrate。
9．答案：which
10．答案：pronunciation
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rice cake，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在汉语中，“年糕”代表着好运和不断的晋升，与“年高”的发音相同。根据设空前the same可知，设空处应用单数名词，作动词has的宾语。故填pronunciation。
精深阅读
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918 and he is the first Black president of South Africa. Mandela was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993.
In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became a leader of its Youth League. That same year he married Evelyn Ntoko Mase. In 1952, Mandela established South Africa's first Black law practice. From 1964 to 1982 Mandela was kept at Robben Island Prison. He was then kept at the Pollsmoor Prison until 1990, when, after being treated for bad health, he was moved to the Victor Verster Prison. Throughout his incarceration between 1964 and 1990, Mandela gained wide support among South Africa's Black people.
On February 11, 1990, the South African government set Mandela free from prison. Shortly after gaining freedom, Mandela was chosen deputy president (副总统) of the ANC and he became president of the party in July 1991.
In April, 1994, the Mandela－led ANC won South Africa's first election and on May 10, Mandela became president of the country. Mandela gave up his post with the ANC in December 1997. After leaving office, Mandela retired from active politics but maintained a strong international presence as an advocate of peace and social justice.
Mandela Day was created to honour his contributions to promoting peace and justice around the world. It was first observed on July 18, 2009. Later that year the United Nations declared that the day would be observed every year as Nelson Mandela International Day. Mandela's writings were collected in I Am Prepared to Die (1964), No Easy Walk to Freedom (1965), The Struggle Is My Life (1978), and In His Own Words (2003). The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了南非总统Nelson Mandela (纳尔逊·曼德拉)的生平。
1．What does the underlined word “incarceration” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Being free.
B．Being on duty.
C．Being independent.
D．Being behind bars.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“From 1964 to 1982 Mandela ... Victor Verster Prison.”可知，从1964年到1990年，Mandela一直被关在监狱里。由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“在1964年至1990年的监禁期间，Mandela获得了南非黑人的广泛支持”，因此incarceration意为“监禁”。故选D。
2．Which is the right order of the following events about Nelson Mandela
①He became president of South Africa.
②He joined the African National Congress.
③He was kept at Robben Island Prison.
④He was moved to the Victor Verster Prison.
⑤He established the first Black law practice.
A．⑤②③④① B．②⑤③④①
C．③⑤②④① D．④②⑤③①
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Mandela于1944年加入非洲国民大会，于1952年建立了第一个黑人法律机构，1964年到1982年被关在罗本岛监狱，1990年被转移到Victor Verster监狱；根据倒数第二段第一句可知，1994年5月Mandela成为南非总统。故选B。
3．What do we know about Mandela Day
A．It was first celebrated in 2009.
B．It was only observed in communities.
C．It was created by Nelson Mandela.
D．It was prohibited by the United Nations.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Mandela Day ... International Day.”可知，首次庆祝曼德拉日是在2009年。故选A。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To celebrate Mandela Day.
B．To introduce Nelson Mandela.
C．To advertise Nelson Mandela's writings.
D．To explain social problems in South Africa.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可推知，本文的主要目的是介绍Nelson Mandela。故选B。
授予
(一)学习重点词汇
1．award(第一段)
把某物授予某人
奖品
因……而赢得/得到/获得奖品
给某人颁奖
2．contribution(第五段)
contribution n. __________________________________________→contribute v. ____________________________→contributor n. _______________________________
3．observe(第五段)
熟义 v. ___________________ They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together.
他们_______了机器零件的组装过程。
生义 vt. ______________ Do they observe the Spring Festival in that country？
那个国家的人_______春节吗？
vt. __________________ You are supposed to observe the laws of the land while staying there.
在那个国家期间，你要_______当地的法律。
贡献，促成作用；捐款
捐赠；(为……)做贡献；促成
捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素
看到；观察到；注意到
观看
庆祝(节日)
庆祝
遵守(规则、法律等)
遵守
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
first
prison
1994
Nelson Mandela
International Day
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
__________________________________________________________________
1994年出版的《漫漫自由路》记录了他的早年生活和狱中岁月。
