英语 选择性必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅳ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
一 核心单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词
1．odd adj. 古怪的；反常的
2．indicate v. 表明；象征；暗示
3．poverty n. 贫穷；贫困
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全国乙卷)The author indicated his record was one sided by mentioning Captain Cook.
2．(中国日报)Government data showed that 23.7 percent of the country's nearly 110 million population lives in poverty．
二 重点短语(1个)
A．写出英语短语
put__forward 提出(计划、建议等)
B．翻译
(朗文当代)The working party has put forward a number of interesting proposals.
工会提出了一些有趣的建议。
1 [教材原句P10]To sum up, his fame and wealth were gained through hard work and his in depth knowledge of his business. 总而言之，他的名声和财富都是通过努力工作和他对生意的渊博知识而获得的。
剖析 to sum up位于句首，是不定式短语作插入语，表示对这句话进行解释或说明，意为“总而言之；概括地说”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
概括地说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
②(中国日报)I didn't expect much more than this, to be honest.
老实说，我没有期望比这更多。
③(牛津高阶)He is intelligent, to be sure, but he's also very lazy.
他固然聪明，但也很懒。
④(朗文当代)The kids helped me to begin with, but they soon got bored.
孩子们一开始帮助我，但他们很快就厌倦了。
【运用】单句语法填空
①To__start (start) with, let's talk about how much money we need.
②To__be (be) sure, not everyone agreed to take part in the activity.
③To tell the truth (true), I'm not so interested in your matter.
【输出】翻译
④总而言之，这是一部适合所有年龄的人看的精彩电影。
To__sum__up,__it__is__an__amazing__film__which__is__suitable__for__all__ages.
⑤说实话，我在她讲话过程中睡着了。
To__tell__the__truth/To__be__honest/To__be__frank,__I__fell__asleep__in__the__middle__of__her__talk.
2 [教材原句P10]Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people. 无论如何，我们绝不应该对别人做可怕的事情。
剖析 under no circumstances意为“绝不；无论如何都不”，置于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
无论如何你都不能借钱给保罗。
②(牛津高阶)Seldom had he seen such beauty.
他以前很少见到过这样的美景。
③(牛津高阶)Hardly had we arrived than the problems started.
我们刚到，问题就来了。
④(柯林斯词典)In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods.
我决不会采用他的任何一个方法。
⑤(牛津高阶)At no time did I give my consent to the plan.
我从未同意过这项计划。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Never has he got so many letters before.
②Under no circumstances are you allowed to disturb the pilots.
【输出】翻译
③他几乎没有时间参加任何音乐会。
Hardly__does__he__have__time__to__attend__any__concert.
④难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。
Rarely__has__a__debate__attracted__so__much__media__attention.
⑤无论何时我们都不应违反校规。
At__no__time__should__we__break__the__school__rules.
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1．He'd always been ________ (古怪的), but not to this extent.
答案：odd
2．Research ________ (表明) that eating habits are changing fast.
答案：indicates
3．We've learned ________ (许多的) lessons from our studying experiences abroad.
答案：numerous
4．In an ideal world there would be no ________ (贫穷) and disease.
答案：poverty
5．The ________ (后果) will be very grave if nothing is done.
答案：consequences
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The clock, ________ my grandfather bought, is still in good order.
答案：which
2．He did not know ________ he ought to behave.
答案：how
3．By visiting schools, the actors hope to inspire children ________ (put) on their own productions.
答案：to put
4．To tell you the ________ (true), I'll be glad to get home.
答案：truth
5．________ (odd) enough, the most expensive tickets sold fastest.
答案：Oddly
Ⅲ.选词填空
so that; draw on; put forward; in particular; in no way
1．We ____________ her experience throughout the project, and obtained a large market.
答案：drew on
2．I went along thinking of nothing ____________ only looking at things around me.
答案：in particular
3．Her parents made sacrifices ____________ she could have a good education.
答案：so that
4．____________ can theory be separated from practice.
答案：In no way
5．The committee ____________ a proposal to reduce vehicle emissions last month.
答案：put forward
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．她表示，中国企业正努力创造商机。
She said that Chinese enterprises are working hard ______________________．
答案：to create business opportunities
2．这意味着它们已经在地球上生活了几千年，而且变化不大。
________________ they have been on earth for thousands of years, and have changed little.
答案：It means that
3．他在信中向我们透露出他愿意合作。
In his letter he ________________ he was willing to cooperate.
答案：indicated to us that
4．哲学课使学生们打开了新的视野。
The course in philosophy __________________ for the students.
答案：opened up new horizons
5．即使是最恶劣的天气，他们也被迫出海。
Even in the roughest weather, they ______________________ go out to sea.
答案：were driven to
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin's childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear: he was even nicknamed “Gas” by his classmates.
In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life－changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth's surface. Darwin's analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.
Darwin's work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.
Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin's eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.
Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence－based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum's library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Charles Robert Darwin (查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文)的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。
1．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species
A．Examining plants and animals collected.
B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.
C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.
D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Darwin's analysis of ... over time.”可知，Darwin对他所收集的植物和动物的分析使Darwin重新思考物种的起源和进化。故选A。
2．Which of the following changed Darwin's view on the human species
A．That he had ten children in all.
B．That he lost his eldest daughter.
C．His youngest son's being disabled.
D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His tenth and final child ... the human species.(他的第十个也是最后一个孩子Charles Waring Darwin(查尔斯·沃林·达尔文)于1856年出生。对达尔文来说意义重大的是，这个婴儿是残疾的，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。)”可知，Darwin最小的孩子先天残疾使Darwin改变了对人类物种的看法。故选C。
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Darwin's interest of study never changed.
B．Darwin's happy family gave him much support in his studies.
C．Darwin's discoveries were based on his life and field studies.
D．Darwin's theory of evolution was accepted at the very beginning.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Darwin spent much ... the Earth's surface.(达尔文在旅途中大部分时间都在陆地上收集植物、动物和岩石样本，这有助于他了解塑造地球表面的过程。)”和第四段中的“His tenth and final child ... the human species.”可推知，Darwin的发现基于他的生活和实地研究。故选C。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Darwin's passion for medical science.
B．Charles Darwin's changing interest.
C．Charles Darwin's discoveries and family ties.
D．Charles Darwin's life and work.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述了Charles Robert Darwin的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响，第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活，最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此，文章主要讲述了Darwin的生活和工作。故选D。
B
Stan Lee tried his hand at many different jobs as a teenager but found his real task when he began to work for Timely Comics (连环漫画) in 1939. He rose to be Editor－in－Chief and introduced a range of iconic and extremely popular characters.
When DC Comics brought superheroes back into their comics in the 1950s, Timely Comics had to react. The company changed its name to Marvel, and Stan Lee was given the job of creating a series of new comic book characters that would compete.
Stan already had a few ideas that he was keen to develop, and he introduced Fantastic Four to comic－reading Americans. The new heroes were an immediate hit, and Stan Lee could see that with careful and detailed planning, the new market could be well served by Marvel.
As the new market developed, Stan Lee stuck to his ideas, and came up with a new approach to storytelling through comics. Stan could see that comic－book fans wanted more than just illustrated stories. They wanted larger than life characters, but with a lot of humanity and weaknesses.
These new fans wanted to be part of a community where they felt involved with the whole process of comic book creation. Stan introduced credits for writers, illustrators and letterers. Each step of the process was explained, and fans soon developed loyalty (忠诚) to particular writers or artists.
The energy and commitment that Stan brought to this new world soon resulted in imaginative new characters. In cooperation with others, Stan introduced Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, the X－Men, Doctor Strange, and Daredevil. These superheroes lived in a universe they all shared. This also included Marvel's single most successful comic book character—Spider－Man.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Stan Lee(斯坦·李)，他创作了许多连环画作品，并取得了很大成功。
5．What did Stan Lee do in 1939
A．He changed the name of his company.
B．He started to work for Timely Comics.
C．He lost his work with high income.
D．He tried creating iconic characters.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when he began to work for Timely Comics (连环漫画) in 1939”可知，1939年他开始为Timely Comics工作。故选B。
6．Why did Stan begin to create a series of new comic－book characters
A．Because fans had lost interest in previous characters.
B．Because superheroes became teenagers' focus.
C．Because Marvel needed them to win the competition with DC Comics.
D．Because works with comic book characters had proven to be successful.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，20世纪50年代，当DC漫画公司将超级英雄带回他们的漫画中时，Timely Comics必须做出反应。该公司改名为漫威，Stan Lee被要求创造一系列新的漫画角色来进行竞争。由此可推知，Stan创作一系列新的连环画人物是因为漫威公司需要它们来赢得与DC Comics的竞争。故选C。
7．What's the problem of Stan Lee's way to tell stories through comics
A．Only Fantastic Four achieved success.
B．Stories with only illustration didn't satisfy fans.
C．Characters in his works had too many weaknesses.
D．Fans of his works usually felt no sense of safety.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Stan could see that comic book fans wanted more than just illustrated stories. (斯坦明白漫画迷们想要的不仅仅是插图故事。)”可知，Stan Lee创作的仅有插图的连环画不能令粉丝满意。故选B。
8．Which of the following can best describe Stan according to the text
A．Loyal and confident.
B．Friendly and honest.
C．Brave and determined.
D．Creative and cooperative.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。第三段中的“Stan already had ... an immediate hit”提到Stan创作的漫画大获成功；最后一段中的“In cooperation ... Spider Man.”提到与他人合作，Stan引进了绿巨人、托尔、钢铁侠、X战警、奇异医生和超胆侠。由此可知，Stan成功地创造了许多漫画角色并与他人合作，引进了许多新的人物到他的作品中去，由此可推知，他有创新和合作精神。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
There were times when I thought success was about creating great work; times when I believed success was about making more money; and times when I thought success was about living in the present. __1__， but almost every single one of them is incomplete. Now, I usually describe success as combination of achievements and happiness. For me, success is about having fun and joy along the journey of creating the results you desire. Many habits help one achieve success. __2__．
Practicing self－awareness
Practicing self－awareness uses your ability to make the right choices for yourself. The best way to learn about yourself is to keep asking yourself difficult questions and answering them. __3__. Do this every day, write them down, and think carefully about them regularly.
Choosing the child－like attitude
__4__， and that's very true. First, kids don't over－think and always see the world as it is. We can act faster and live happier if we stop over－thinking. Second, kids don't stop playing. What do kids do when they fall down They get back up quickly and start playing again. And that's exactly what many of us need to achieve in order to get what we want in life.
Finding joy in hard work, challenges and setbacks
Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to. __5__. If you're a businessman, don't wait for customers to come knocking at your door. Go out, share your product, and get customers for your business.
Accept that success is not easy. Then, be the other group—the group who finds joy in challenges and setbacks (挫折), the group who loves the things they do, and the group who puts in the hard work and gets devoted to the process.
A．The questions require you to think deeply
B．None of the above sayings of success are wrong
C．Don't wish for more challenges, wish for more joy
D．These are what help us hold on and bring us pure joy
E．Hoping life gets easier, you will find it easy to be successful
F．Instead of hoping that life gets easier, hope that you will get better
G．There is a saying that kids are here to remind adults about how to live
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有助于成功的几个好习惯。
1．答案：B
解析：上文“There were ... the present.”提到了成功的几种说法，B项(以上关于成功的说法没有一句是错的)承接上文。故选B。
2．答案：D
解析：上文“Many habits help one achieve success.(许多习惯有助于一个人取得成功。)”提到了许多好习惯的作用，D项(这些都能帮助我们坚持下去，给我们带来纯粹的快乐)承接上文，继续说明这些习惯的作用，其中的These指代上文提到的Many habits。故选D。
3．答案：A
解析：上文“The best way to ... and answering them.”提到了了解自己最好的方式是要不断问自己一些困难的问题并且回答它们，A项(这些问题需要你深入思考)承接上文。故选A。
4．答案：G
解析：根据本段小标题可知，我们要选择孩子般的态度，G项(有一种说法是，孩子们在这里是为了提醒成年人如何生活)符合本段主旨。故选G。
5．答案：F
解析：上文“Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to.”提到了生活的不容易，F项(与其希望生活变得轻松，不如希望自己变得更好)承接上文。故选F。
单元写作
单元写作——人物介绍
1．写作思路构架好
本单元的写作任务是人物介绍。人物介绍一般包括人物的基本信息，如：(1)生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景和性格特点等；(2)人物的重要事迹、人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；(3)作者对人物的整体评价。
2．三种方式巧开头
(1)直接开头法：从人物出生开始，按照时间先后顺序描述人物的典型事迹。
(2)倒序开头法：选取最近发生在人物身上的一个典型事件，然后倒叙和该人物相关的其他事件。
(3)重要事件开头法：点出人物生平最重要的事迹，或者其身上最显著的特点。接着展开介绍，可以继续按照从重要到次要或者按照时间顺序继续展开介绍人物的其他事迹。
3．写作技巧不能少
(1)介绍概况：多运用同位语结构、分词结构、动词不定式结构等，使文章简洁，内容丰富。
(2)生平事迹：尽量用复合句、非谓语动词短语和倒装句等高级句式来描述人物事件。
(3)评价：多用分词短语和被动句式以表示所描写人物是一个被公众普遍认可的楷模、榜样或某方面的代表。
________ (人物) Born on/in ________ (时间), ________ (人物) was from ________ (出生地). Having graduated from ________ (毕业学校), he/she was sent to work as ________ (工作). He/She began his/her research in ________ (研究地点) and got ________ Prize (所得奖项) for ________ (所在领域) on/in ________ (时间). He/She is honored as ________ (成就). Famous as he/she is, he/she cares little ________ (品格及评价).
※开头常用句式
1．He/She is considered to be one of the greatest ... in China/the world.
他/她被认为是全国/全世界最……的人之一。
2．Born in a(n) ... family, he/she was brought up to ...
出生于一个……的家庭，他/她成长为……
3．Known as ..., he/she was born into a poor/rich family and lived a hard/happy life.
被称为……，他/她出生在一个贫穷/富裕的家庭，过着艰难/幸福的生活。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became ...
打破世界纪录并获得金牌后，他变得……
2．When he/she was young, he/she showed great interest in ... and wanted to become ...
他/她年轻时，表现出对……的浓厚兴趣，想成为……
3．His main goal that ... hasn't changed.
他的主要目标并未改变，那就是……
4．She began to learn to ... and show her great talent in ...
她开始学习……，并在……方面表现出了极大的天赋。
5．He/She was dedicated to ... in the hope of advancing the development of ...
他/她致力于……，希望推动……的发展。
6．He/She helps develop ... and makes extraordinary contributions.
他/她帮助发展了……并取得了非凡的成就。
※结尾常用句式
1．Thanks to his/her research, we're now able to ...
得益于他/她的研究，我们现在能够……
2．She was praised/honored for ... so all people show great respect to her.
她被授予……，因此所有人都很尊敬她。
3．He made great contributions to ... and set a good example to us.
他在……方面做出了卓越贡献，给我们树立了一个良好的榜样。
假如你是李华，你的外国笔友Lucy对中国诗人李白很感兴趣，写信向你询问该诗人的相关信息。现请你根据下面的中文材料，写一封回信，向她介绍李白。
姓名 李白
朝代 唐朝
称号 诗仙
代表作 《静夜思》等
特点 作品浪漫，追求自由，喜爱饮酒
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：诗仙Poetic Genius; 《静夜思》 A Tranquil Night
[精彩范文]
Dear Lucy，
I'm so glad that you're interested in the Chinese poet Li Bai, and I'd love to tell you what I know about him.
Li Bai was one of the most famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are so great that he's known as the “Poetic Genius”. In addition, his poems are full of romance and imagination, such as his most famous one, A Tranquil Night. Li Bai loved freedom very much, which was reflected in his poems. What's more, he also loved to drink while he was creating poems, and it seemed that drinking was able to inspire him.
That's what I know about Li Bai. Now do you know much more about him
Yours，
Li Hua
13(共53张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Section Ⅳ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课前预习 效果检测
合作探究 精研重点
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
学习效果 当堂巩固
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习 效果检测
一 阅读单词(3个)
A．写出英语单词
1．________ adj. 古怪的；反常的
2．________ v. 表明；象征；暗示
3．________ n. 贫穷；贫困
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全国乙卷)The author _________ his record was one sided by mentioning Captain Cook.
2．(中国日报)Government data showed that 23.7 percent of the country's nearly 110 million population lives in ________．
odd
indicate
poverty
indicated
poverty
二 重点短语(1个)
A．写出英语短语
____________ 提出(计划、建议等)
B．翻译
(朗文当代)The working party has put forward a number of interesting proposals.
____________________________________________________________________
put forward
工会提出了一些有趣的建议。
合作探究 精研重点
1 [教材原句P10]To sum up, his fame and wealth were gained through hard work and his in depth knowledge of his business.
总而言之，他的名声和财富都是通过努力工作和他对生意的渊博知识而获得的。
剖析 to sum up位于句首，是不定式短语作插入语，表示对这句话进行解释或说明，意为“总而言之；概括地说”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
概括地说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
②(中国日报)I didn't expect much more than this, to be honest.
老实说，我没有期望比这更多。
③(牛津高阶)He is intelligent, to be sure, but he's also very lazy.
他固然聪明，但也很懒。
④(朗文当代)The kids helped me to begin with, but they soon got bored.
孩子们一开始帮助我，但他们很快就厌倦了。
【运用】单句语法填空
①________ (start) with, let's talk about how much money we need.
②________ (be) sure, not everyone agreed to take part in the activity.
③To tell the ________ (true), I'm not so interested in your matter.
【输出】翻译
④总而言之，这是一部适合所有年龄的人看的精彩电影。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤说实话，我在她讲话过程中睡着了。
____________________________________________________________________
To start
To be
truth
To sum up, it is an amazing film which is suitable for all ages.
To tell the truth/To be honest/To be frank, I fell asleep in the middle of her talk.
2 [教材原句P10]Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
无论如何，我们绝不应该对别人做可怕的事情。
剖析 under no circumstances意为“绝不；无论如何都不”，置于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
无论如何你都不能借钱给保罗。
②(牛津高阶)Seldom had he seen such beauty.
他以前很少见到过这样的美景。
③(牛津高阶)Hardly had we arrived than the problems started.
我们刚到，问题就来了。
④(柯林斯词典)In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods.
我决不会采用他的任何一个方法。
⑤(牛津高阶)At no time did I give my consent to the plan.
我从未同意过这项计划。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Never ________ he got so many letters before.
②Under no circumstances ________ you allowed to disturb the pilots.
【输出】翻译
③他几乎没有时间参加任何音乐会。
____________________________________________________________________
④难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤无论何时我们都不应违反校规。
____________________________________________________________________
has
are
Hardly does he have time to attend any concert.
Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.
At no time should we break the school rules.
学习效果 当堂巩固
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子
1．He'd always been ________ (古怪的), but not to this extent.
2．Research ________ (表明) that eating habits are changing fast.
3．We've learned ________ (许多的) lessons from our studying experiences abroad.
4．In an ideal world there would be no ________ (贫穷) and disease.
5．The ______________ (后果) will be very grave if nothing is done.
odd
indicates
numerous
poverty
consequences
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The clock, ________ my grandfather bought, is still in good order.
2．He did not know ________ he ought to behave.
3．By visiting schools, the actors hope to inspire children ________ (put) on their own productions.
4．To tell you the ________ (true), I'll be glad to get home.
5．________ (odd) enough, the most expensive tickets sold fastest.
which
how
to put
truth
Oddly
so that; draw on; put forward; in particular; in no way
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We ____________ her experience throughout the project, and obtained a large market.
2．I went along thinking of nothing ___________ only looking at things around me.
3．Her parents made sacrifices _________ she could have a good education.
4．____________ can theory be separated from practice.
5．The committee ____________ a proposal to reduce vehicle emissions last month.
drew on
in particular
so that
In no way
put forward
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．她表示，中国企业正努力创造商机。
She said that Chinese enterprises are working hard _________________________．
2．这意味着它们已经在地球上生活了几千年，而且变化不大。
________________ they have been on earth for thousands of years, and have changed little.
to create business opportunities
It means that
3．他在信中向我们透露出他愿意合作。
In his letter he ________________ he was willing to cooperate.
4．哲学课使学生们打开了新的视野。
The course in philosophy _______________________ for the students.
5．即使是最恶劣的天气，他们也被迫出海。
Even in the roughest weather, they ________________ go out to sea.
indicated to us that
opened up new horizons
were driven to
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin's childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear: he was even nicknamed “Gas” by his classmates.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life－changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth's surface. Darwin's analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.
Darwin's work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit (经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.
Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin's eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Charles Robert Darwin (查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文)的生平、科学兴趣、重要理论以及他的个人生活。
Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence－based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum's library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.
1．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species
A．Examining plants and animals collected.
B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.
C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.
D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Darwin's analysis of ... over time.”可知，Darwin对他所收集的植物和动物的分析使Darwin重新思考物种的起源和进化。故选A。
2．Which of the following changed Darwin's view on the human species
A．That he had ten children in all.
B．That he lost his eldest daughter.
C．His youngest son's being disabled.
D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His tenth and final child ... the human species.(他的第十个也是最后一个孩子Charles Waring Darwin(查尔斯·沃林·达尔文)于1856年出生。对达尔文来说意义重大的是，这个婴儿是残疾的，这改变了达尔文对人类物种的看法。)”可知，Darwin最小的孩子先天残疾使Darwin改变了对人类物种的看法。故选C。
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Darwin's interest of study never changed.
B．Darwin's happy family gave him much support in his studies.
C．Darwin's discoveries were based on his life and field studies.
D．Darwin's theory of evolution was accepted at the very beginning.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Darwin spent much ... the Earth's surface.(达尔文在旅途中大部分时间都在陆地上收集植物、动物和岩石样本，这有助于他了解塑造地球表面的过程。)”和第四段中的“His tenth and final child ... the human species.”可推知，Darwin的发现基于他的生活和实地研究。故选C。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Darwin's passion for medical science.
B．Charles Darwin's changing interest.
C．Charles Darwin's discoveries and family ties.
D．Charles Darwin's life and work.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段主要讲述了Charles Robert Darwin的生平、学业经历、科学兴趣对其理论形成和发展的影响，第四段讲述了他的家庭和个人生活，最后一段讲述了达尔文理论的地位和影响。因此，文章主要讲述了Darwin的生活和工作。故选D。
B
Stan Lee tried his hand at many different jobs as a teenager but found his real task when he began to work for Timely Comics (连环漫画) in 1939. He rose to be Editor－in－Chief and introduced a range of iconic and extremely popular characters.
When DC Comics brought superheroes back into their comics in the 1950s, Timely Comics had to react. The company changed its name to Marvel, and Stan Lee was given the job of creating a series of new comic book characters that would compete.
Stan already had a few ideas that he was keen to develop, and he introduced Fantastic Four to comic－reading Americans. The new heroes were an immediate hit, and Stan Lee could see that with careful and detailed planning, the new market could be well served by Marvel.
As the new market developed, Stan Lee stuck to his ideas, and came up with a new approach to storytelling through comics. Stan could see that comic－book fans wanted more than just illustrated stories. They wanted larger than life characters, but with a lot of humanity and weaknesses.
These new fans wanted to be part of a community where they felt involved with the whole process of comic book creation. Stan introduced credits for writers, illustrators and letterers. Each step of the process was explained, and fans soon developed loyalty (忠诚) to particular writers or artists.
The energy and commitment that Stan brought to this new world soon resulted in imaginative new characters. In cooperation with others, Stan introduced Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, the X－Men, Doctor Strange, and Daredevil. These superheroes lived in a universe they all shared. This also included Marvel's single most successful comic book character—Spider－Man.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Stan Lee(斯坦·李)，他创作了许多连环画作品，并取得了很大成功。
5．What did Stan Lee do in 1939
A．He changed the name of his company.
B．He started to work for Timely Comics.
C．He lost his work with high income.
D．He tried creating iconic characters.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when he began to work for Timely Comics (连环漫画) in 1939”可知，1939年他开始为Timely Comics工作。故选B。
6．Why did Stan begin to create a series of new comic－book characters
A．Because fans had lost interest in previous characters.
B．Because superheroes became teenagers' focus.
C．Because Marvel needed them to win the competition with DC Comics.
D．Because works with comic book characters had proven to be successful.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，20世纪50年代，当DC漫画公司将超级英雄带回他们的漫画中时，Timely Comics必须做出反应。该公司改名为漫威，Stan Lee被要求创造一系列新的漫画角色来进行竞争。由此可推知，Stan创作一系列新的连环画人物是因为漫威公司需要它们来赢得与DC Comics的竞争。故选C。
7．What's the problem of Stan Lee's way to tell stories through comics
A．Only Fantastic Four achieved success.
B．Stories with only illustration didn't satisfy fans.
C．Characters in his works had too many weaknesses.
D．Fans of his works usually felt no sense of safety.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Stan could see that comic book fans wanted more than just illustrated stories. (斯坦明白漫画迷们想要的不仅仅是插图故事。)”可知，Stan Lee创作的仅有插图的连环画不能令粉丝满意。故选B。
8．Which of the following can best describe Stan according to the text
A．Loyal and confident.
B．Friendly and honest.
C．Brave and determined.
D．Creative and cooperative.
解析：推理判断题。第三段中的“Stan already had ... an immediate hit”提到Stan创作的漫画大获成功；最后一段中的“In cooperation ... Spider Man.”提到与他人合作，Stan引进了绿巨人、托尔、钢铁侠、X战警、奇异医生和超胆侠。由此可知，Stan成功地创造了许多漫画角色并与他人合作，引进了许多新的人物到他的作品中去，由此可推知，他有创新和合作精神。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
There were times when I thought success was about creating great work; times when I believed success was about making more money; and times when I thought success was about living in the present. __1__， but almost every single one of them is incomplete. Now, I usually describe success as combination of achievements and happiness. For me, success is about having fun and joy along the journey of creating the results you desire. Many habits help one achieve success. __2__．
Practicing self－awareness
Practicing self－awareness uses your ability to make the right choices for yourself. The best way to learn about yourself is to keep asking yourself difficult questions and answering them. __3__. Do this every day, write them down, and think carefully about them regularly.
Choosing the child－like attitude
__4__， and that's very true. First, kids don't over－think and always see the world as it is. We can act faster and live happier if we stop over－thinking. Second, kids don't stop playing. What do kids do when they fall down They get back up quickly and start playing again. And that's exactly what many of us need to achieve in order to get what we want in life.
Finding joy in hard work, challenges and setbacks
Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to. __5__. If you're a businessman, don't wait for customers to come knocking at your door. Go out, share your product, and get customers for your business.
Accept that success is not easy. Then, be the other group—the group who finds joy in challenges and setbacks (挫折), the group who loves the things they do, and the group who puts in the hard work and gets devoted to the process.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有助于成功的几个好习惯。
A．The questions require you to think deeply
B．None of the above sayings of success are wrong
C．Don't wish for more challenges, wish for more joy
D．These are what help us hold on and bring us pure joy
E．Hoping life gets easier, you will find it easy to be successful
F．Instead of hoping that life gets easier, hope that you will get better
G．There is a saying that kids are here to remind adults about how to live
1．答案：B
2．答案：D
解析：上文“There were ... the present.”提到了成功的几种说法，B项(以上关于成功的说法没有一句是错的)承接上文。故选B。
解析：上文“Many habits help one achieve success.(许多习惯有助于一个人取得成功。)”提到了许多好习惯的作用，D项(这些都能帮助我们坚持下去，给我们带来纯粹的快乐)承接上文，继续说明这些习惯的作用，其中的These指代上文提到的Many habits。故选D。
3．答案：A
4．答案：G
解析：上文“The best way to ... and answering them.”提到了了解自己最好的方式是要不断问自己一些困难的问题并且回答它们，A项(这些问题需要你深入思考)承接上文。故选A。
解析：根据本段小标题可知，我们要选择孩子般的态度，G项(有一种说法是，孩子们在这里是为了提醒成年人如何生活)符合本段主旨。故选G。
解析：上文“Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to.”提到了生活的不容易，F项(与其希望生活变得轻松，不如希望自己变得更好)承接上文。故选F。
5．答案：F
1．写作思路构架好
本单元的写作任务是人物介绍。人物介绍一般包括人物的基本信息，如：(1)生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景和性格特点等；(2)人物的重要事迹、人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；(3)作者对人物的整体评价。
单元写作
单元写作——人物介绍
2．三种方式巧开头
(1)直接开头法：从人物出生开始，按照时间先后顺序描述人物的典型事迹。
(2)倒序开头法：选取最近发生在人物身上的一个典型事件，然后倒叙和该人物相关的其他事件。
(3)重要事件开头法：点出人物生平最重要的事迹，或者其身上最显著的特点。接着展开介绍，可以继续按照从重要到次要或者按照时间顺序继续展开介绍人物的其他事迹。
3．写作技巧不能少
(1)介绍概况：多运用同位语结构、分词结构、动词不定式结构等，使文章简洁，内容丰富。
(2)生平事迹：尽量用复合句、非谓语动词短语和倒装句等高级句式来描述人物事件。
(3)评价：多用分词短语和被动句式以表示所描写人物是一个被公众普遍认可的楷模、榜样或某方面的代表。
________ (人物)
Born on/in ________ (时间), ________ (人物) was from ________ (出生地).
Having graduated from ________ (毕业学校), he/she was sent to work as ________ (工作). He/She began his/her research in ________ (研究地点) and got ________ Prize (所得奖项) for ________ (所在领域) on/in ________ (时间). He/She is honored as ________ (成就).
Famous as he/she is, he/she cares little ________ (品格及评价).
※开头常用句式
1．He/She is considered to be one of the greatest ... in China/the world.
他/她被认为是全国/全世界最……的人之一。
2．Born in a(n) ... family, he/she was brought up to ...
出生于一个……的家庭，他/她成长为……
3．Known as ..., he/she was born into a poor/rich family and lived a hard/happy life.
被称为……，他/她出生在一个贫穷/富裕的家庭，过着艰难/幸福的生活。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became ...
打破世界纪录并获得金牌后，他变得……
2．When he/she was young, he/she showed great interest in ... and wanted to become ...
他/她年轻时，表现出对……的浓厚兴趣，想成为……
3．His main goal that ... hasn't changed.
他的主要目标并未改变，那就是……
4．She began to learn to ... and show her great talent in ...
她开始学习……，并在……方面表现出了极大的天赋。
5．He/She was dedicated to ... in the hope of advancing the development of ...
他/她致力于……，希望推动……的发展。
6．He/She helps develop ... and makes extraordinary contributions.
他/她帮助发展了……并取得了非凡的成就。
※结尾常用句式
1．Thanks to his/her research, we're now able to ...
得益于他/她的研究，我们现在能够……
2．She was praised/honored for ... so all people show great respect to her.
她被授予……，因此所有人都很尊敬她。
3．He made great contributions to ... and set a good example to us.
他在……方面做出了卓越贡献，给我们树立了一个良好的榜样。
假如你是李华，你的外国笔友Lucy对中国诗人李白很感兴趣，写信向你询问该诗人的相关信息。现请你根据下面的中文材料，写一封回信，向她介绍李白。
姓名 李白
朝代 唐朝
称号 诗仙
代表作 《静夜思》等
特点 作品浪漫，追求自由，喜爱饮酒
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：诗仙Poetic Genius; 《静夜思》 A Tranquil Night
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Lucy，
I'm so glad that you're interested in the Chinese poet Li Bai, and I'd love to tell you what I know about him.
Li Bai was one of the most famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are so great that he's known as the “Poetic Genius”. In addition, his poems are full of romance and imagination, such as his most famous one, A Tranquil Night. Li Bai loved freedom very much, which was reflected in his poems. What's more, he also loved to drink while he was creating poems, and it seemed that drinking was able to inspire him.
That's what I know about Li Bai. Now do you know much more about him
Yours，
Li Hua
