Unit 4 Body Language Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课件（共134张）+教案

英语　选择性必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一　阅读单词(4个)
写出英语单词
1．bow vi. 鞠躬；点头　vt. 低(头)　n. 弓；蝴蝶结
2．waist n. 腰；腰部
3．barrier n. 隔阂；障碍
4．fake adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的
二　核心单词(8个)
A．写出英语单词
1．vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变
2．appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
3．approve vi. 赞成；同意　vt. 批准；通过
4．gesture n. 手势；姿势；姿态
5．witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证　n. 目击者；证人
6．identical adj. 相同的
7．differ vi. 相异；不同于
8．favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于　n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高阶)I don't approve of violence in any shape or form.
2．(牛津高阶)Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.
3．(牛津高阶)Her dress is almost identical to mine.
4．(柯林斯词典)Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.
三　拓展单词(6个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．interact v. 交流；相互影响→interaction n. 交流；相互影响
2．demonstrate vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明→demonstration n. 证明；说明；证实
3．employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→employment n. 职业；工作；使用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员；受雇者
4．interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为　vi.& vt. 口译→interpreter n. 口译译员
5．anger n. 愤怒；怒气　vt. 使生气；激怒→angry adj. 发怒的；生气的→angrily adv. 愤怒地；生气地
6．reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→rely v. 依靠；依赖
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(中国日报)As we approach another Children's Day, let's review some memorable moments from Xi's interactions with children.
2．(牛津高阶)He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject.
4．(牛津高阶)The police had to employ force to enter the building.
5．(牛津高阶)How reliable are the local weather forecasts
6．(柯林斯词典)The whole speech might well be__interpreted as a coded message to the Americans.
四　熟词生义(1个)
A．翻译
1．(柯林斯词典)The mirror clouded beside her cheek.
紧贴她脸颊的镜子起了雾。
2．(剑桥高阶)He's always getting into trouble for cheeking his teachers.
他总是因为对老师无礼而惹上麻烦。
B．写出下面单词的熟义/生义
cheek (教材P38)
熟义　n. 面颊；脸颊
生义　vt. 对……无礼
五　重点短语(4个)
A．写出英语短语
1．by__contrast 相比之下
2．by__comparison (与……)相比较
3．make__inferences 推理；推断
4．break__down 消除；分解；打破
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯词典)His early experience enabled him to break__down barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants.
2．(剑桥高阶)Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, by__contrast,__has declined.
3．(牛津高阶)The second half of the game was dull by__comparison with the first.
4．(中国日报)Sometimes, we might not be able to get to the bottom of the question even after very long periods of research, and we can only make__inferences based on available information.
1 vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
班级的数目从25到30不等。
②(中国日报)The level and standard can vary from village to village, with the focus of ensuring basic needs and solving key problems, the official said.
这位官员说，每个村庄的水平和标准都不同，重点是确保基本需求和解决关键问题。
③(剑桥高阶)The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable.
这些样品质量不一致，但大体可以接受。
④(牛津高阶)The menu varies with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
⑤(剑桥高阶)Various people whom we weren't expecting turned up at the meeting.
各种各样我们意想不到的人出现在了会议上。
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
我们提供各种各样的最新的自行车，包括基本的带有脚刹的自行车，带有手刹和排挡的自行车，带有儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车。
【运用】单句语法填空
①When preparing meals, you need to think about variety (vary) and taste as well as nutritional value.
②Tastes and preferences vary from individual to individual.
③There are various (vary) treatments available for this condition.
【输出】翻译
④The flowers that vary in colour and size appeal to a large number of bees.
这些颜色和大小各异的花吸引了大量的蜜蜂。
⑤这些电线的长度在30厘米到45厘米之间。
The__lengths__of__these__wires__vary__between__30__cm__and__45__cm.
2 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(朗文当代)It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.
我现在不适合讨论那件事。
②(朗文当代)It seemed somehow appropriate that we should begin our journey here.
从这里开始我们的旅程似乎很合适。
③(剑桥高阶)She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.
她觉得我们的穿着不适合参加婚礼。
【运用】单句语法填空
①We can respond appropriately (appropriate) by giving them what they want.
②It is appropriate that we(should)__have (have) a special day for you.
【输出】翻译
③I don't think it's appropriate to make adjustments to the plan now.
我认为现在调整计划是不合适的。
3 approve vi. 赞成；同意　vt. 批准；通过(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)I thoroughly approve of what the government is doing.
我完全赞成政府的做法。
②(牛津高阶)He doesn't approve of my leaving school this year.
他不赞成我今年离校。
③(柯林斯词典)The city fathers have just given final approval to a new stadium.
市政府官员们刚才已对新体育场的承建工作做了最终批准。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval (approve)．
②She didn't approve of their choice of reading matter.
【输出】翻译
③总统已经批准了这个计划。
The__president__has__already__given__his__approval__to__the__plan.
4 employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
②(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明了一种简单的已经流传了多年的文学形式至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
③(牛津高阶)She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她正忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
④(柯林斯词典)He regularly drove from his home to his place of employment.
他经常开车从家到工作地点。
【运用】单句语法填空
①She has been employed in preparing for the press conference all morning.
②We employed an architect to__design (design) our summer house.
③The company started out with 20 employees (employ).
【输出】翻译
④It's reported that the employer employed thousands of employees and increased the employment rate of the city.
据报道，该雇主雇用了数千名雇员，提高了该市的就业率。
⑤工厂决定聘请这位退休教授为顾问。
The__factory__determined__to__employ__the__retired__professor__as__an__adviser.
5 differ vi. 相异；不同于(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The twins look alike, but they differ in temperament.
这对双胞胎长得很像，但他们的性情不同。
②(剑桥高阶)The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
他告诉警察的故事和他告诉他母亲的不一样。
③(牛津高阶)I have to differ with you on that.
在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。
④(牛津高阶)Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关。
【运用】单句语法填空
①American English is significantly different (differ) from British English.
②Since his retirement, Crowe has differed with the President on several issues.
③She believed that such an experience would make a big difference to/in her boy's life.
【输出】翻译
④Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
世界上的万物是千差万别的。
⑤他坚持认为这两个词的意思不同。
He__insisted__the__two__words__differed__in__meaning.
6 favo(u)r vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于　n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同(教材P38)
归纳
①(剑桥高阶)In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over tax cuts.
在调查中，大多数人支持更高的税收和更好的公共服务，而不是减税。
②(柯林斯词典)I've come to ask you to do me a favour.
我是来请你帮我一个忙的。
③(中国日报)So they're pretty clear; unless the science can absolutely reassure everybody that it's totally safe to come down to five days, they're not in favour of that.
所以他们很清楚，除非科学能绝对保证每个人把时间缩短到5天是完全安全的，否则他们是不会赞成的。
④(2023·全国甲卷)Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.
把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。
⑤(牛津高阶)The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides.
协议条款对双方都有利。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I feel a bit uneasy about asking her to do me such a big favour.
②My mother was against my idea while my father was in favour of it.
③It was, and still is, my favo(u)rite (favour) movie.
【输出】翻译
④She was willing to bend the rules in Mary's favour.
她愿意放宽规定以有利于玛丽。
⑤对某个孩子有偏爱是不对的。
It__isn't__right__to__favo(u)r__one__child__over__the__other.
1 by contrast 相比之下(教材P38)
归纳
①(中国日报)By contrast, the highest－income families faced a significantly reduced inflation rate of 6.6 percent.
相比之下，收入最高的家庭面临的通货膨胀率明显降低了6.6%。
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
　we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相比，印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。
③(牛津高阶)She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.
她将过去的情况与现在的危机进行了对比。
④(剑桥高阶)The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.
柠檬的涩味与蜂蜜的甜味形成鲜明对比。
【运用】单句语法填空
①In contrast to the previous year the situation is much better now.
②In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land with the sea.
【输出】翻译
③The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.
雪是冰冷的、白色的，与明亮的蓝天形成对比。
④相比之下，她姐姐比她勤奋得多。
By/In__contrast,__her__sister__is__more__diligent__than__her.
2 break down 消除；分解；打破(教材P39)
归纳
①(柯林斯词典)She made numerous efforts to break down colour lines in public places.
她为打破公共场所的种族界限做出过许多努力。
②(牛津高阶)The girl broke into a trot and disappeared around the corner.
那姑娘突然小步跑了起来，拐过街角不见了。
③(牛津高阶)She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一块巧克力给我。
④(朗文当代)He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to break through.
他是个很有才华的年轻演员，正准备有所突破。
⑤(柯林斯词典)I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我挣脱了他，冲进了大厅。
【运用】用break的相关短语填空
①They had escaped to Europe shortly before the war broke__out in 1939.
②They hope to break__through soon in their fight against the disease.
③There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break__into the house.
【输出】翻译
④This would help break down the barriers between the young and the old.
这将有助于消除年轻人与老年人之间的隔阂。
⑤他去年与公司脱离了关系。
He__broke__away__from__the__company__last__year.
[教材原句P38]In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
剖析 该句是表示部分否定的句型。not always意为“并不总是……”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)We're not always this busy!
我们并不总是这么忙！
②(2023·浙江高考1月)Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，很可能并不是你周围的每个人都能准备好加入。
③(朗文当代)I knocked on the door but nobody answered.
我敲了敲门，但没人应门。
④(柯林斯词典)Food shortages are no longer a problem.
粮食短缺不再是个问题。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Money is not everything, but without money one can go hardly anywhere.
②Not all doctors are skilled in helping their patients make choices.
③None of them could afford ￡50 for a ticket.
【输出】翻译
④Not everyone approves of celebrating the festival.
不是每个人都赞成庆祝这个节日。
⑤生活并不总是一帆风顺，但在路上我们总能得到别人的帮助。
Life__is__not__always__smooth,__but__on__the__way__we__can__always__get__help__from__others.
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
倾听身体如何说话
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.
在与他人交流时，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。
We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察肢体语言，我们能够更多地了解人们的想法。
Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
语言是重要的，但是人们站着、双臂抱胸和挥手的方式也能向我们传达他们的感受。
难句分析
①本句是but连接的并列句。people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，定语从句前省略了关系词that/in__which。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.
例如，眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——在一些国家是一种表示感兴趣的方式。
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.
例如，在许多中东国家，不允许男女在社交场合进行眼神交流。
In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
在日本，当和年长的人说话时，低头则是对长辈表示尊重。
难句分析
②it是形式主语；动词不定式短语to look down是真正的主语；when talking to an older person是时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为：when you are talking to an older person。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。
In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会以为这表示“钱”。
In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
在法国，面对同样的手势，人们可能会将其解读为“零”。
However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
难句分析
③avoid后跟动名词作宾语，as引导原因状语从句。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们说“是”和“不是”的姿势也因地而异。
In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”．
在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。
By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.
相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。
There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
我们如何相互接触，与谈话的人站得有多近，以及我们见面或分手时如何表现，这些方面也存在差异。
In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们在和朋友见面时可能会亲吻对方的脸颊。
Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方，人们见面时喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
难句分析
④本句是There be句型，为倒装结构；其中how we ..., how close we ...和how we ...是三个how引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；we are talking to是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词someone；when引导时间状语从句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。
Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．
双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
饭后表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是把手掌放在肚子上划几圈。
难句分析
⑤placing ... 和resting ... 是两个并列的动名词短语作主语，表示一个完整的动作，所以谓语动词用单数形式means；while closing your eyes是时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为：while you are closing your eyes。
Some body language has many different uses.
有的肢体语言有许多不同的用途。
Perhaps the best example is smiling.
微笑也许就是最好的例子。
A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们熬过困难，在一个满是陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A smile can break down barriers.
微笑可以打破障碍。
We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
我们可以用微笑去道歉，去问候别人，去请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。
Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.
专家建议对着镜子微笑，这样可以让自己更快乐、更坚强。
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么是比看到好朋友的笑脸更治愈的事情了。
难句分析
⑥if引导条件状语从句，主句中nothing better than是“否定词＋比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级含义，表示“没有比……更……的了”。
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．She fastened the belt loosely around her w________．
答案：waist
2．It was terrified, but we knew it was f________．
答案：fake
3．And his c________ were like roses in the snow.
答案：cheeks
4．Lack of confidence is a psychological b________ to success.
答案：barrier
5．They didn't receive any special f________ from the state.
答案：favo(u)rs
6．Police asked passers－by if they had w________ the accident.
答案：witnessed
7．As we all know, an arrow won't do without a b________．
答案：bow
8．Let me d________ to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
答案：demonstrate
9．He made a friendly g________ at the driver of the other car.
答案：gesture
10．I didn't know whether to i________her silence as acceptance or refusal.
答案：interpret
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When I saw the boys throwing stones at the dog, I was filled with ________ (angry)．
答案：anger
2．The more ________ (interact) the robot has with humans, the more it learns.
答案：interaction
3．There is nothing better ________ going to college for the first time and having all of this freedom for yourself.
答案：than
4．The exact information comes from a(n) ________ (rely) source.
答案：reliable
5．Most of the newcomers are employed ________ developing the technology into a product.
答案：in
6．His actions contrast sharply ________ his promises.
答案：with
7．Many people choose to shop on the Internet, as it offers a ________ (vary) of goods.
答案：variety
8．There was great applause when the actors took ________ bow.
答案：a
9．It takes a long time to break ________ prejudices, but we have to keep trying.
答案：down
10．Not both ________ the instruments are precise ones.
答案：of
Ⅲ.选词填空
make inferences; by contrast; appropriate; by comparison; identical
1．Ask your doctor whether these treatments are ____________ for you.
答案：appropriate
2．You look ____________ to your mother when she was your age.
答案：identical
3．We can only tell good from bad ____________.
答案：by comparison
4．It's impossible to ____________ from such a small sample.
答案：make inferences
5．I am not good at expressing myself. ____________， I am better at thinking indeed.
答案：By contrast
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我妈妈不同意我放弃目前的工作。
My mother didn't ________________ my giving up the current job.
答案：approve of
2．在这个问题上，每个人的观点大不一样。
Opinions on this matter ______________________________．
答案：vary greatly from person to person
3．船长很同情他，把他雇用为船上的厨师。
The captain felt sorry for him and ____________________ the ship's cook.
答案：employed him as/to be
4．在那个问题上，他和他父亲的看法有分歧。
He ____________ his father about the question.
答案：differed with
5．我举双手赞成校园内禁止吸烟。
I raise both hands ________________ banning smoking inside the schoolyard.
答案：in favour of
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比0%)　中档题(占比100%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
For as long as human have lived on the earth, they have made use of all kinds of different ways of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of spoken language. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language.
Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink (眨眼) can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head means disagreement.
Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自从在地球上生活以来，人类就开始用各种各样的方式进行交流。
1．Which of the following ways can NOT be used as a form of communication
A．Gestures.
B．Road maps.
C．Smoke signals.
D．Thoughts and feelings.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When there ... and ideas.(当口语出现问题时，交流可以通过手语进行，在手语中，手势代表字母、单词和想法。)”以及最后一段中的“Other forms ... warn people.(其他形式的语言可以在盲文(盲人用指尖阅读凸起点的阅读系统)、信号旗、莫尔斯电码和烟雾信号中找到。道路地图和图片标志也指导和警告人们。)”可知，手势、路线图和烟雾信号都是交流方式。故选D。
2．To show you are joking you may ________．
A．give a “V” gesture with your fingers
B．give a wink
C．shake your head
D．give a nod
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A wink (眨眼) can be a way of showing that the person is only joking.(眨眼可以表示这个人只是在开玩笑。)”可知，如果想表示自己在开玩笑，就眨眨眼。故选B。
3．The reading system “Braille” may be most used by ________．
A．tourists
B．soldiers
C．people unable to see
D．people unable to hear
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind)(盲文(盲人用指尖阅读凸起点的阅读系统))”可知，盲文经常被盲人所使用。故选C。
4．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________．
A．language is being less used today
B．not everyone can read picture signs
C．the forms of communication are developing
D．techniques will take the place of language
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While language ... and feelings.(虽然语言是最常见的交流形式，但其他系统和技巧也能表达人类的思想和情感。)”可推知，人类交流的形式在不断地发展着。故选C。
B
Sign language is the main way deaf people communicate. Since they can't hear, talking to people can be tough. Fortunately, sign language interpreters step in to bridge this gap.
Hao Shuxin, 24, sees sign language as her first language, as her parents are deaf. “I pick up sign language before I could even talk，” she recalled. From a young age, Hao has been helping her parents and other deaf individuals communicate. In 2018, she became a sign language interpreter at a law company in Chongqing, assisting deaf clients in legal matters.
Since sign language has a smaller vocabulary, Hao often encounters complex legal terms that have no direct match. In such cases, she patiently breaks down the meaning for deaf people. There are also grammatical differences between Chinese and sign language. “For example, the phrase ‘put out a fire’ is signed as ‘a fire put out’ in sign language, as deaf people describe what they see first，” Hao explained.
Besides hand gestures, facial expressions and mouth movements are essential components of sign language. They work together to accurately communicate messages and prevent misunderstandings. To ensure clarity in legal interpretations, Hao sometimes repeats a sentence two or three times for deaf individual. “I feel stressed at work because I worry about being misunderstood，” she admitted.
Part of Hao's anxiety comes from the fact that sign language has regional “dialects”. The same word can be expressed with different hand gestures depending on where a deaf person is from. “For example, people in Inner Mongolia and Chongqing use different gestures for the word ‘true’，” Hao explained. She believes that patience and compassion (同情) are essential to her work. “My parents are deaf, so I understand the challenges faced by the deaf community. I want to do everything I can to help them，” Hao said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了郝舒欣的手语翻译经历，她从小掌握手语，现帮助聋哑人沟通并解决法律问题，体现了手语翻译的意义和挑战。
5．What can be learned about Hao Shuxin
A．She wants to learn more sign language dialects.
B．She hopes to be a successful lawyer in Chongqing.
C．She learned sign language when she was very small.
D．She communicates with others mainly by sign language.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I pick up sign language before I could even talk”可知，郝舒欣在很小的时候就学会了手语。故选C。
6．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The vocabulary of sign language is very large.
B．Sign language and Chinese have many similarities.
C．It is not easy to express legal terms in sign language.
D．It is hard for deaf people to understand the sign language.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since sign language ... have no direct match.(由于手语的词汇量较小，郝舒欣经常遇到没有直接匹配的复杂法律术语。)”可推知，用手语表达法律术语并不容易。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “clarity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Clearness. B．Awareness.
C．Kindness. D．Gentleness.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Hao sometimes repeats ... she admitted”可知，郝舒欣有时会为聋哑人重复一句话两到三次，她担心被误解，这样做是想确保法律解释的清晰性。由此可知，画线词clarity意为“清晰性”。故选A。
8．What is the best title of the text
A．Sign language is the first language of the deaf
B．A sign language interpreter guards the silent world
C．Sign language plays an important role in the legal field
D．A sign language interpreter significantly changes other people's life
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章从郝舒欣的视角描述了手语翻译的工作内容、挑战和意义，突出了她帮助聋哑人融入社会的努力，展现了她对无声世界的守护。B项(手语翻译守护无声的世界)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ　七选五
Using body language will make people more likely to be influenced by you. But they will only be persuaded (说服) if they also trust you. So it's equally important to use your body language in a way that makes people feel connected. __1__
Start with a smile
It sounds so simple, but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people. Big smiles make people think you are warm and confident. People are always more willing to listen to your point of view if they like you. __2__
Nod your head
If you want people to say “yes” to you, get them nodding in agreement even before you ask a question. If you nod at people, they will feel the urge (强烈的欲望) to do it back. Start by nodding when they talk, as if you're agreeing with their statements (说法). __3__ When they are already nodding, they are much more likely to start agreeing with you.
Stand up
If you are standing up while other people you are talking to are sitting, you will gain the upper hand at once. __4__ It is important not to stand over them, or to lean in so much that they feel uncomfortable.
Lean in
__5__ If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control. If you want to be someone who has influence and persuasion, you need people to like you, not to be scared of you.
A．Make sure you don't stay too close to them.
B．Remember you must take control of others.
C．The gesture of leaning in is necessary in talks.
D．Here's how to use your body language effectively.
E．A smile is the first step in building a good relationship.
F．Standing above them makes them feel that you are more powerful.
G．Then, when you're making your own statements, watch their reactions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效使用肢体语言的方法。
1．答案：D
解析：上文提到以合适的方式使用肢体语言是重要的，且下文从四个方面介绍了使用肢体语言时的注意事项。D项(以下是如何有效地使用肢体语言的方法。)承上启下。故选D。
2．答案：E
解析：上文“It sounds so simple, but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people.”提到微笑有助于与其他人交流，E项(微笑是建立良好关系的第一步。)总结上文。故选E。
3．答案：G
解析：上文提到当别人说话时，点头意味着你同意他们的说法，G项(然后，当你发表自己的言论时，观察他们的反应。)承接上文。故选G。
4．答案：F
解析：上文“If you are standing up ... gain the upper hand at once.”提到交谈时站着的好处，F项(站着比他们高会让他们觉得你更强大。)继续说明站着的益处。故选F。
5．答案：A
解析：下文“If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control.”提到他们倾斜或者后退表明你在控制局面，A项(确保不要离他们太近。)引出下文。故选A。
　精深阅读
Why should we learn body language
In English classes, we spend a large amount of time studying grammar and learning new words. We work hard to improve our reading and listening skills. Few of us, however, pay enough attention to body language. So body language is not important, is it
The answer is “No！” Sometimes, we can communicate with others even without a single word. For example, shrugging our shoulders (耸肩), and without a word, we've just said, “I don't know.”
Body language can help us stress what we are saying. It can help us express our true, inner feelings. Moreover, body language can help us find out if someone is lying. Often, people who are lying do not make eye contact. They may raise their shoulders because they are uncomfortable with the conversation.
In job interviews, the interviewers can sometimes judge the interviewee before he or she speaks. Body language is important in our personal life, too. It can show if you really care about your friends. Leaning (前倾) forward in the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said. Listening without making eye contact means you are not paying attention but are waiting for your turn to speak.
Scientists have been studying body language for a long time. They say more than 70 percent of our messages are given through body language. Sometimes, body language is more accurate (精准的) than the words we use.
So it is very important for us to learn body language. By understanding body language, we are less likely to be misunderstood. We will find it easier to get a job. We will also have lasting friendships.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习和理解肢体语言的重要性。
1．According to the first paragraph, in English classes, which of the following things is not mentioned
A．Studying grammar.
B．Learning new words.
C．Improving reading skills.
D．Practising using body language.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In English classes ... to body language.”可知，在英语课上，我们学习语法、新单词以及努力提高阅读技能，并未提及练习使用肢体语言。故选D。
2．According to the passage, what may people who are lying do
A．Lean forward.
B．Make eye contact.
C．Raise their shoulders.
D．Shrug their shoulders.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Often, people who ... with the conversation.”可知，撒谎的人可能会抬起肩膀，因为他们对谈话感到不舒服。故选C。
3．By writing this passage, what does the writer mainly want to do
A．To teach readers to understand body language.
B．To tell readers the importance of learning body language.
C．To show readers how to find out if someone is lying.
D．To help readers improve their English reading and listening skills.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段(因此，学习肢体语言对我们来说非常重要。通过理解肢体语言，我们不太可能被误解。我们会发现找工作更容易。我们也将拥有持久的友谊。)可推知，作者主要是想告诉读者学习肢体语言的重要性。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．a large amount of(第一段)
2．find out(第三段)
3．interview(第四段)
interview n. 面试，面谈；访谈　v. 对(某人)进行面试(或面谈)；接受面试→interviewer n. 面试官，采访者，接见者→interviewee n. 参加面试者；接受采访者
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
Leaning (前倾) forward in the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said.
例如，在交谈中身体前倾意味着你对正在说的内容感兴趣。
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比0%)　中档题(占比100%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　完形填空
You never know how far a kind act can go. You don't know who it can __1__， either. When Gloria Porter and Jeff Reick began __2__， they had no idea how much it would __3__ others to shower (大量给予) people with kindness.
89－year－old Gloria Porter was lying in hospital. She couldn't leave her ward. So to __4__ boredom, she would often stare outside her window to watch construction workers building the new front entrance to the hospital. She wasn't expecting one of the __5__ to wave to her. She couldn't help but wave back at the kind __6__. This was only the start of a special __7__ between the two.
When Porter saw construction workers working high above the ground one cold, windy day, she grew __8__. She wrote “Stay safe” on a piece of paper, which she then __9__ on the window for the workers to see. “When I saw ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper, I __10__ and said to my coworkers, ‘Did you see that？’” Reick said.
The hospital staff took photos of that and __11__ them on social media. The simple acts of kindness __12__ and many people were employed in similar acts, including one woman who delivered __13__ pizza to the construction workers.
“I just try to lead by example and never expect so much __14__，” Reick said, “if everybody __15__ does things like that, the world will be a better place.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位老人和建筑工人之间通过手势和简单的文字互相关怀的温暖故事。最终两人互相关爱的故事也感染了很多人。
1．A.disturb B．employ
C．affect D．describe
答案：C
解析：disturb 打扰；employ 雇用；affect 影响；describe 描述。根据下文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，很多人也做相似的善举，所以此处指善意的行为影响其他人。故选C。
2．A.communicating B．singing
C．arguing D．explaining
答案：A
解析：communicate 交流；sing 唱歌；argue 争吵；explain 解释。根据下文“wave to her (向她挥手)”以及“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，两个人通过肢体语言和文字进行交流。故选A。
3．A.require B．warn
C．force D．encourage
答案：D
解析：require 需要；warn 警告；force 强迫；encourage 鼓励。根据下文可知，他们两个人的行为影响了其他人，鼓励了他们给予其他人善意。故选D。
4．A.make for B．put off
C．figure out D．escape from
答案：D
解析：make for 走向；put off 推迟；figure out 弄清楚；escape from 从……逃跑。根据上文“She couldn't leave her ward.”可知，她不能离开她的病房，她盯着窗外，看建筑工人修建医院的前门是为了打发无聊的时间，即逃避无聊。故选D。
5．A.workers B．nurses
C．doctors D．patients
答案：A
解析：根据上文“construction workers”可知，此处指其中一个建筑工人向她招手。故选A。
6．A.job B．inspiration
C．gesture D．favor
答案：C
解析：根据上文“wave to her”可知，这是一种手势。故选C。
7．A.business B．connection
C．difference D．trouble
答案：B
解析：上文提到他们互相挥手致意，根据下文“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，他们又通过文字进行联系，此处指一种特殊的联系方式。故选B。
8．A.puzzled B．worried
C．thrilled D．annoyed
答案：B
解析：puzzled 困惑的；worried 担心的；thrilled 极为激动的；annoyed 恼怒的，生气的。根据下文“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，她担心建筑工人的安全。故选B。
9．A.knocked B．installed
C．placed D．drew
答案：C
解析：knock 敲；install 安装；place 放置；draw 画。根据语境和常识可知，她把字条放在窗户上。故选C。
10．A.came down B．broke down
C．showed up D．turned around
答案：D
解析：come down 下降；落下；break down 分解；发生故障；show up 出现；turn around 转身。根据下文“said to my coworkers”可知，他们都在高空作业，Reick是转身对工友说。故选D。
11．A.shared B．found
C．mentioned D．deleted
答案：A
解析：share 分享；find 发现，找到；mention 提到；delete 删除。根据下文“on social media”可知，照片被分享到社交媒体上。故选A。
12．A.happened B．succeeded
C．spread D．formed
答案：C
解析：happen 发生；succeed 成功；spread 传播；form 形成。根据下文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，这个举动在社交媒体上传播开来，许多人效仿。故选C。
13．A.expensive B．free
C．ordinary D．cheap
答案：B
解析：根据上文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，许多人也开始做善意的举动，此处是指送免费的比萨饼。故选B。
14．A.participation B．satisfaction
C．solution D．introduction
答案：A
解析：participation 参加，参与；satisfaction 满意；solution 解决方法；introduction 介绍。根据上文可知，很多人也做相似的善举，Reick没想到有这么多人参与。故选A。
15．A.merely B．apparently
C．especially D．willingly
答案：D
解析：merely 仅仅；apparently 显然；especially 尤其；willingly 愿意地；乐意地。根据下文“the world will be a better place”可知，如果人们都心甘情愿地参与到给予他人善意的行动中来，世界就会变得更加美好。故选D。
Ⅱ　阅读
I met a beautiful soul yesterday. I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there. It was raining a bit this time and also I was among people. Sometimes when you work from home all day this is in itself a treat. And the magic of connection sometimes happens—a smile, someone offering you the newspaper, a short
conversation with the staff, a peace dove flying past and lots of possibilities for love and kindness.
Well, magic did happen. I heard a man who was speaking with difficulty and very loud. I noticed he could not speak so clearly and he had some kind of impairment (缺陷). As often happened, people looked at him—or avoided doing so—and then—as if embarrassed or afraid—looked down. In these cases I try to do the opposite. I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included.
So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile. It was an instant! He looked at me, smiled and immediately said hello. With a combination of spoken and body language he asked if he could approach me. I agreed. He introduced me to his friend who taught sign language online and explained that they were both deaf, after which he even told me about his wife and how he loved teaching. I apologized for not knowing sign language and hoped I'd learnt. We still managed to have a beautiful conversation which made us all very happy. I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being and being with others.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是在咖啡馆里，作者的体贴和善解人意产生了神奇的效果，让作者与一位有听力障碍的人有了一次美好的交流。
1．Why did the author go to the cafe yesterday
A．To find someone beautiful.
B．To work and eat something.
C．To ask for a latest newspaper.
D．To have a short talk with others.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there.(我带着电脑去当地的一家咖啡馆工作，这样我就可以在那里吃晚饭了。)”可知，作者去咖啡馆是为了工作和吃饭。故选B。
2．How did the author react to the man with speaking difficulty
A．He pretended not to see him.
B．He had a joke with him.
C．He looked and smiled at him.
D．He laughed at him like others.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile.(所以我决定故意看着他并微笑。)”可知，作者对这位有语言障碍的男士作出的反应是看着他并给他一个微笑。故选C。
3．What's the most important to a disabled person
A．Being treated in a normal way.
B．Accepting help from people around.
C．Avoiding the embarrassments in life.
D．Having a friend in the same situation.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In these cases I try to do the opposite ... want to feel included.(在这些情况下，我试图做相反的事情。我想在这种情况下，一个人会想要被包容。)”可推知，作者认为对于有某种缺陷的人来说，让他们像正常人一样融入生活才是最重要的。故选A。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Special Cafe
B．A Broken Heart
C．Power of Sign Language
D．Magic at the Cafe
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“And the magic of connection ... for love and kindness.”以及最后一段中的“I'm sure we'll ... magic of being and being with others.”可知，本文讲述的是作者的一个微笑善举如同魔力一般，让作者与一位有听力障碍的人有了一次美好的交流，因此，D项(咖啡馆里的魔力)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Ⅲ　语法填空
According to a study published in the UK recently, those __1__ like jogging and do this kind of exercise __2__ (regular) for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life. The study's Danish researchers __3__ (convince) that choosing this kind of physical activity can bring us a priceless reward, which is 5 to 6 more years of life! Moreover, __4__ (achieve) better results, the researchers suggest __5__ (limit) yourself to gentle jogging rather than fast－pace and tiring distance running. The scientists found that jogging __6__ (benefit) are maximized when done at an average or even slow－pace exercising, and just one or two hours of jogging a week can be enough for you to achieve success, regardless of your age or health condition.
The scientists analyzed __7__ data on about 20，000 people __8__ (age) between 20 and 93, collected for over 35 years by the Copenhagen City Heart Study. According to Dr Peter Schnohr, the leader researcher, it was found that jogging is related __9__ as much as a 44 percent __10__ (low) risk of death. The life expectancy increase in men is as much as 6.2 years, and for women it is as much as 5.6 years.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于慢跑的研究结果，强调定期慢跑对延长生命的积极影响。
1．答案：who
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词those为指人的不定代词，应用who引导。故填who。
2．答案：regularly
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词do。故填regularly。
3．答案：are convinced
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时；convince与主语researchers之间是被动关系，且主语是复数。故填are convinced。
4．答案：to achieve
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
5．答案：limiting
解析：考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth “建议做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填limiting。
6．答案：benefits
解析：考查名词。此处应用名词作主语，根据谓语动词are maximized可知，此处应用名词复数。故填benefits。
7．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据下文“on about 20，000 people __8__ (age) between 20 and 93”可知，此处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
8．答案：aged
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词，修饰名词people，作后置定语，aged意为“……岁的”。故填aged。
9．答案：to
解析：考查介词。be related to “与……有关”，为固定搭配。故填to。
10．答案：lower
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句中隐含比较含义，即与没有慢跑的情况相比较，慢跑可以降低44%的死亡风险，应用形容词的比较级。故填lower。
　精深阅读　
Your__action__can__speak__louder__than__your__words. It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”， while in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”．
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad manners to do so. Also putting your clasped hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些手势在不同国家所代表的不同含义。
1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A．What you do is better than what you say.
B．You try your best to be polite.
C．You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D．What you say is better than what you do.
答案：C
解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的“It is important ... by using gestures.(当你在另一个国家时，掌握另一种语言以及如何不用语言交流是很重要的。在说话之前，人们用手势进行交流。)”可推知，画线句意为：手势比语言更能让人理解你。故选C。
2．You'd better not put the thumb up in ________．
A．Greece B．the USA
C．England D．China
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Today in the USA ... do so.(现在在美国，当某人竖起大拇指时，意思是‘一切都很好。’然而，在希腊，这样做是不礼貌的。)”可知，你最好不要在希腊竖大拇指。故选A。
3．Which of the following is mentioned
A．Putting your clasped hands up above the head means friendship in Greece.
B．You can express “You are worth nothing” by putting your thumb up in France.
C．Making eye communication is not important in a talk.
D．Weather, sports, food and work are the topics that can be talked.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“You can ... news of the day.”可知，你可以谈论天气、工作、运动、食物、住所和当天的新闻。故选D。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．meaning(第一段)
meaning n. 意思；含义→mean v. 意思是→meaningful adj. 有意义的
2．hold up(第四段)
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
然而，在世界的不同地方，许多手势有不同的含义，或者根本没有含义。
35(共134张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅰ 　Reading and Thinking
课前预习　效果检测
合作探究　精研重点
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
学习效果　当堂巩固
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
５
课前预习　效果检测
一　阅读单词(4个)
写出英语单词
1．________ vi. 鞠躬；点头　vt. 低(头)　n. 弓；蝴蝶结
2．________ n. 腰；腰部
3．________ n. 隔阂；障碍
4．________ adj. 假装的；假的；冒充的
bow
waist
barrier
fake
二　核心单词(8个)
A．写出英语单词
1．________ vi. (根据情况)变化；改变
2．____________ adj. 合适的；恰当的
3．________ vi. 赞成；同意　vt. 批准；通过
4．________ n. 手势；姿势；姿态
5．________ vt. 当场看到；目击；见证　n. 目击者；证人
6．__________ adj. 相同的
7．________ vi. 相异；不同于
8．________ vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于　n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
vary
appropriate
approve
gesture
witness
identical
differ
favour
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高阶)I don't __________ of violence in any shape or form.
2．(牛津高阶)Ideas on childcare may ________ considerably between the parents.
3．(牛津高阶)Her dress is almost __________ to mine.
4．(柯林斯词典)Prices ________ according to the quantity ordered.
approve
differ
identical
vary
三　拓展单词(6个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ v. 交流；相互影响→____________ n. 交流；相互影响
2．________ vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明→___________ n. 证明；说明；证实
3．________ vt. 使用；应用；雇用→_____________ n. 职业；工作；使用→__________ n. 雇主→__________ n. 雇员；受雇者
4．________ vt. 把……理解(解释)为　vi.& vt. 口译→__________ n. 口译译员
5．________ n. 愤怒；怒气　vt. 使生气；激怒→________ adj. 发怒的；生气的→________ adv. 愤怒地；生气地
6．________ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的→________ v. 依靠；依赖
interact
interaction
demonstrate
demonstration
employ
employment
employer
employee
interpret
interpreter
anger
angry
angrily
reliable
rely
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(中国日报)As we approach another Children's Day, let's review some memorable moments from Xi's ___________ with children.
2．(牛津高阶)He was filled with ________ at the way he had been treated.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to ____________ the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject.
4．(牛津高阶)The police had to ________ force to enter the building.
5．(牛津高阶)How ________ are the local weather forecasts
6．(柯林斯词典)The whole speech might well _____________ as a coded message to the Americans.
interactions
anger
demonstrate
employ
reliable
be interpreted
四　熟词生义(1个)
A．翻译
1．(柯林斯词典)The mirror clouded beside her cheek.
____________________________________________________________________
2．(剑桥高阶)He's always getting into trouble for cheeking his teachers.
____________________________________________________________________
B．写出下面单词的熟义/生义
cheek (教材P38)
熟义　n. ________________
生义　vt. ________________
紧贴她脸颊的镜子起了雾。
他总是因为对老师无礼而惹上麻烦。
面颊；脸颊
对……无礼
五　重点短语(4个)
A．写出英语短语
1．____________ 相比之下
2．____________ (与……)相比较
3．_________________ 推理；推断
4．____________ 消除；分解；打破
by contrast
by comparison
make inferences
break down
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯词典)His early experience enabled him to ____________ barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants.
2．(剑桥高阶)Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, __________， has declined.
3．(牛津高阶)The second half of the game was dull ____________ with the first.
4．(中国日报)Sometimes, we might not be able to get to the bottom of the question even after very long periods of research, and we can only _________________ based on available information.
break down
by contrast
by comparison
make inferences
合作探究　精研重点
1 vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
班级的数目从25到30不等。
②(中国日报)The level and standard can vary from village to village, with the focus of ensuring basic needs and solving key problems, the official said.
这位官员说，每个村庄的水平和标准都不同，重点是确保基本需求和解决关键问题。
③(剑桥高阶)The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable.
这些样品质量不一致，但大体可以接受。
④(牛津高阶)The menu varies with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
⑤(剑桥高阶)Various people whom we weren't expecting turned up at the meeting.
各种各样我们意想不到的人出现在了会议上。
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
我们提供各种各样的最新的自行车，包括基本的带有脚刹的自行车，带有手刹和排挡的自行车，带有儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车。
【运用】单句语法填空
①When preparing meals, you need to think about ________ (vary) and taste as well as nutritional value.
②Tastes and preferences vary ________ individual to individual.
③There are ________ (vary) treatments available for this condition.
【输出】翻译
④The flowers that vary in colour and size appeal to a large number of bees.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤这些电线的长度在30厘米到45厘米之间。
__________________________________________________________________
variety
from
various
这些颜色和大小各异的花吸引了大量的蜜蜂。
The lengths of these wires vary between 30 cm and 45 cm.
2 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(朗文当代)It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.
我现在不适合讨论那件事。
②(朗文当代)It seemed somehow appropriate that we should begin our journey here.
从这里开始我们的旅程似乎很合适。
③(剑桥高阶)She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.
她觉得我们的穿着不适合参加婚礼。
【运用】单句语法填空
①We can respond _____________ (appropriate) by giving them what they want.
②It is appropriate that we____________ (have) a special day for you.
【输出】翻译
③I don't think it's appropriate to make adjustments to the plan now.
__________________________________________________________________
appropriately
(should) have
我认为现在调整计划是不合适的。
3 approve vi. 赞成；同意　vt. 批准；通过(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)I thoroughly approve of what the government is doing.
我完全赞成政府的做法。
②(牛津高阶)He doesn't approve of my leaving school this year.
他不赞成我今年离校。
③(柯林斯词典)The city fathers have just given final approval to a new stadium.
市政府官员们刚才已对新体育场的承建工作做了最终批准。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Sam always tried hard to win his father's __________ (approve)．
②She didn't approve ________ their choice of reading matter.
【输出】翻译
③总统已经批准了这个计划。
__________________________________________________________________
approval
of
The president has already given his approval to the plan.
4 employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
②(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明了一种简单的已经流传了多年的文学形式至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
③(牛津高阶)She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她正忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
④(柯林斯词典)He regularly drove from his home to his place of employment.
他经常开车从家到工作地点。
【运用】单句语法填空
①She has been employed _______ preparing for the press conference all morning.
②We employed an architect ________ (design) our summer house.
③The company started out with 20 ___________ (employ).
【输出】翻译
④It's reported that the employer employed thousands of employees and increased the employment rate of the city.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤工厂决定聘请这位退休教授为顾问。
__________________________________________________________________
in
to design
employees
据报道，该雇主雇用了数千名雇员，提高了该市的就业率。
The factory determined to employ the retired professor as an adviser.
5 differ vi. 相异；不同于(教材P38)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The twins look alike, but they differ in temperament.
这对双胞胎长得很像，但他们的性情不同。
②(剑桥高阶)The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother.
他告诉警察的故事和他告诉他母亲的不一样。
③(牛津高阶)I have to differ with you on that.
在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。
④(牛津高阶)Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关。
【运用】单句语法填空
①American English is significantly ________ (differ) from British English.
②Since his retirement, Crowe has differed ______ the President on several issues.
③She believed that such an experience would make a big difference ________ her boy's life.
【输出】翻译
④Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤他坚持认为这两个词的意思不同。
__________________________________________________________________
different
with
to/in
世界上的万物是千差万别的。
He insisted the two words differed in meaning.
6 favo(u)r vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于　n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同(教材P38)
归纳
①(剑桥高阶)In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over tax cuts.
在调查中，大多数人支持更高的税收和更好的公共服务，而不是减税。
②(柯林斯词典)I've come to ask you to do me a favour.
我是来请你帮我一个忙的。
③(中国日报)So they're pretty clear; unless the science can absolutely reassure everybody that it's totally safe to come down to five days, they're not in favour of that.
所以他们很清楚，除非科学能绝对保证每个人把时间缩短到5天是完全安全的，否则他们是不会赞成的。
④(2023·全国甲卷)Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.
把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。
⑤(牛津高阶)The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides.
协议条款对双方都有利。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I feel a bit uneasy about asking her to do me such ________ big favour.
②My mother was against my idea while my father was ________ favour of it.
③It was, and still is, my _____________ (favour) movie.
【输出】翻译
④She was willing to bend the rules in Mary's favour.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤对某个孩子有偏爱是不对的。
__________________________________________________________________
a
in
favo(u)rite
她愿意放宽规定以有利于玛丽。
It isn't right to favo(u)r one child over the other.
1 by contrast 相比之下(教材P38)
归纳
①(中国日报)By contrast, the highest－income families faced a significantly reduced inflation rate of 6.6 percent.
相比之下，收入最高的家庭面临的通货膨胀率明显降低了6.6%。
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
　we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相比，印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。
③(牛津高阶)She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.
她将过去的情况与现在的危机进行了对比。
④(剑桥高阶)The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.
柠檬的涩味与蜂蜜的甜味形成鲜明对比。
【运用】单句语法填空
①________ contrast to the previous year the situation is much better now.
②In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land ________ the sea.
【输出】翻译
③The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.
____________________________________________________________________
④相比之下，她姐姐比她勤奋得多。
____________________________________________________________________
In
with
雪是冰冷的、白色的，与明亮的蓝天形成对比。
By/In contrast, her sister is more diligent than her.
2 break down 消除；分解；打破(教材P39)
归纳
①(柯林斯词典)She made numerous efforts to break down colour lines in public places.
她为打破公共场所的种族界限做出过许多努力。
②(牛津高阶)The girl broke into a trot and disappeared around the corner.
那姑娘突然小步跑了起来，拐过街角不见了。
③(牛津高阶)She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一块巧克力给我。
④(朗文当代)He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to break through.
他是个很有才华的年轻演员，正准备有所突破。
⑤(柯林斯词典)I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我挣脱了他，冲进了大厅。
【运用】用break的相关短语填空
①They had escaped to Europe shortly before the war ____________ in 1939.
②They hope to ____________ soon in their fight against the disease.
③There was no one nearby who might see him trying to ____________ the house.
【输出】翻译
④This would help break down the barriers between the young and the old.
____________________________________________________________________
⑤他去年与公司脱离了关系。
____________________________________________________________________
broke out
break through
break into
这将有助于消除年轻人与老年人之间的隔阂。
He broke away from the company last year.
[教材原句P38]In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
剖析 该句是表示部分否定的句型。not always意为“并不总是……”。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)We're not always this busy!
我们并不总是这么忙！
②(2023·浙江高考1月)Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，很可能并不是你周围的每个人都能准备好加入。
③(朗文当代)I knocked on the door but nobody answered.
我敲了敲门，但没人应门。
④(柯林斯词典)Food shortages are no longer a problem.
粮食短缺不再是个问题。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Money is ________ everything, but without money one can go hardly anywhere.
②________ all doctors are skilled in helping their patients make choices.
③None ________ them could afford ￡50 for a ticket.
【输出】翻译
④Not everyone approves of celebrating the festival.
____________________________________________________________________
⑤生活并不总是一帆风顺，但在路上我们总能得到别人的帮助。
____________________________________________________________________
not
Not
of
不是每个人都赞成庆祝这个节日。
Life is not always smooth, but on the way we can always get help from others.
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
倾听身体如何说话
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.
在与他人交流时，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。
We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察肢体语言，我们能够更多地了解人们的想法。
Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
语言是重要的，但是人们站着、双臂抱胸和挥手的方式也能向我们传达他们的感受。
难句分析
①本句是but连接的_________。people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，定语从句前省略了关系词______________。
并列句
that/in which
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.
例如，眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——在一些国家是一种表示感兴趣的方式。
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.
例如，在许多中东国家，不允许男女在社交场合进行眼神交流。
In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
在日本，当和年长的人说话时，低头则是对长辈表示尊重。
难句分析
②it是__________；动词不定式短语to look down是____________；when talking to an older person是___________从句的省略，补充完整为：when you are talking to an older person。
形式主语
真正的主语
时间状语
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。
In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.
在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会以为这表示“钱”。
In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
在法国，面对同样的手势，人们可能会将其解读为“零”。
However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
难句分析
③avoid后跟动名词作________，as引导___________从句。
宾语
原因状语
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们说“是”和“不是”的姿势也因地而异。
In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”．
在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。
By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning.
相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。
There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.
我们如何相互接触，与谈话的人站得有多近，以及我们见面或分手时如何表现，这些方面也存在差异。
In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.
在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们在和朋友见面时可能会亲吻对方的脸颊。
Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方，人们见面时喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
难句分析
④本句是There be句型，为______结构；其中how we ..., how close we ...和how we ...是三个how引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；we are talking to是省略了关系词that的________从句，修饰先行词someone；when引导___________从句。
倒装
定语
时间状语
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。
Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．
双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
饭后表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是把手掌放在肚子上划几圈。
难句分析
⑤placing ... 和resting ... 是两个并列的动名词短语作______，表示一个完整的动作，所以谓语动词用单数形式means；while closing your eyes是__________从句的省略，补充完整为：while you are closing your eyes。
主语
时间状语
Some body language has many different uses.
有的肢体语言有许多不同的用途。
Perhaps the best example is smiling.
微笑也许就是最好的例子。
A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们熬过困难，在一个满是陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A smile can break down barriers.
微笑可以打破障碍。
We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
我们可以用微笑去道歉，去问候别人，去请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。
Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.
专家建议对着镜子微笑，这样可以让自己更快乐、更坚强。
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么是比看到好朋友的笑脸更治愈的事情了。
难句分析
⑥if引导___________从句，主句中nothing better than是“否定词＋比较级＋than”结构，表示_________含义，表示“没有比……更……的了”。
条件状语
最高级
学习效果　当堂巩固
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．She fastened the belt loosely around her w________．
2．It was terrified, but we knew it was f________．
3．And his c________ were like roses in the snow.
4．Lack of confidence is a psychological b________ to success.
5．They didn't receive any special f________ from the state.
aist
ake
heeks
arrier
avo(u)rs
6．Police asked passers－by if they had w________ the accident.
7．As we all know, an arrow won't do without a b________．
8．Let me d____________ to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
9．He made a friendly g________ at the driver of the other car.
10．I didn't know whether to i________her silence as acceptance or refusal.
itnessed
ow
emonstrate
esture
nterpret
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When I saw the boys throwing stones at the dog, I was filled with ________ (angry)．
2．The more __________ (interact) the robot has with humans, the more it learns.
3．There is nothing better ________ going to college for the first time and having all of this freedom for yourself.
4．The exact information comes from a(n) ________ (rely) source.
5．Most of the newcomers are employed ________ developing the technology into a product.
anger
interaction
than
reliable
in
6．His actions contrast sharply ________ his promises.
7．Many people choose to shop on the Internet, as it offers a ________ (vary) of goods.
8．There was great applause when the actors took ________ bow.
9．It takes a long time to break ________ prejudices, but we have to keep trying.
10．Not both ________ the instruments are precise ones.
with
variety
a
down
of
make inferences; by contrast; appropriate; by comparison; identical
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Ask your doctor whether these treatments are ____________ for you.
2．You look ____________ to your mother when she was your age.
3．We can only tell good from bad ________________.
4．It's impossible to _______________ from such a small sample.
5．I am not good at expressing myself. ____________， I am better at thinking indeed.
appropriate
identical
by comparison
make inferences
By contrast
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我妈妈不同意我放弃目前的工作。
My mother didn’t ________________ my giving up the current job.
2．在这个问题上，每个人的观点大不一样。
Opinions on this matter ______________________________．
approve of
vary greatly from person to person
3．船长很同情他，把他雇用为船上的厨师。
The captain felt sorry for him and ____________________ the ship's cook.
4．在那个问题上，他和他父亲的看法有分歧。
He ____________ his father about the question.
5．我举双手赞成校园内禁止吸烟。
I raise both hands ________________ banning smoking inside the schoolyard.
employed him as/to be
differed with
in favour of
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比0%)　中档题(占比100%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
For as long as human have lived on the earth, they have made use of all kinds of different ways of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of spoken language. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language.
Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink (眨眼) can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head means disagreement.
Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自从在地球上生活以来，人类就开始用各种各样的方式进行交流。
1．Which of the following ways can NOT be used as a form of communication
A．Gestures.
B．Road maps.
C．Smoke signals.
D．Thoughts and feelings.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When there ... and ideas.(当口语出现问题时，交流可以通过手语进行，在手语中，手势代表字母、单词和想法。)”以及最后一段中的“Other forms ... warn people.(其他形式的语言可以在盲文(盲人用指尖阅读凸起点的阅读系统)、信号旗、莫尔斯电码和烟雾信号中找到。道路地图和图片标志也指导和警告人们。)”可知，手势、路线图和烟雾信号都是交流方式。故选D。
2．To show you are joking you may ________．
A．give a “V” gesture with your fingers
B．give a wink
C．shake your head
D．give a nod
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A wink (眨眼) can be a way of showing that the person is only joking.(眨眼可以表示这个人只是在开玩笑。)”可知，如果想表示自己在开玩笑，就眨眨眼。故选B。
3．The reading system “Braille” may be most used by ________．
A．tourists
B．soldiers
C．people unable to see
D．people unable to hear
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind)(盲文(盲人用指尖阅读凸起点的阅读系统))”可知，盲文经常被盲人所使用。故选C。
4．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________．
A．language is being less used today
B．not everyone can read picture signs
C．the forms of communication are developing
D．techniques will take the place of language
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While language ... and feelings.(虽然语言是最常见的交流形式，但其他系统和技巧也能表达人类的思想和情感。)”可推知，人类交流的形式在不断地发展着。故选C。
B
Sign language is the main way deaf people communicate. Since they can't hear, talking to people can be tough. Fortunately, sign language interpreters step in to bridge this gap.
Hao Shuxin, 24, sees sign language as her first language, as her parents are deaf. “I pick up sign language before I could even talk，” she recalled. From a young age, Hao has been helping her parents and other deaf individuals communicate. In 2018, she became a sign language interpreter at a law company in Chongqing, assisting deaf clients in legal matters.
Since sign language has a smaller vocabulary, Hao often encounters complex legal terms that have no direct match. In such cases, she patiently breaks down the meaning for deaf people. There are also grammatical differences between Chinese and sign language. “For example, the phrase ‘put out a fire’ is signed as ‘a fire put out’ in sign language, as deaf people describe what they see first，” Hao explained.
Besides hand gestures, facial expressions and mouth movements are essential components of sign language. They work together to accurately communicate messages and prevent misunderstandings. To ensure clarity in legal interpretations, Hao sometimes repeats a sentence two or three times for deaf individual. “I feel stressed at work because I worry about being misunderstood，” she admitted.
Part of Hao's anxiety comes from the fact that sign language has regional “dialects”. The same word can be expressed with different hand gestures depending on where a deaf person is from. “For example, people in Inner Mongolia and Chongqing use different gestures for the word ‘true’，” Hao explained. She believes that patience and compassion (同情) are essential to her work. “My parents are deaf, so I understand the challenges faced by the deaf community. I want to do everything I can to help them，” Hao said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了郝舒欣的手语翻译经历，她从小掌握手语，现帮助聋哑人沟通并解决法律问题，体现了手语翻译的意义和挑战。
5．What can be learned about Hao Shuxin
A．She wants to learn more sign language dialects.
B．She hopes to be a successful lawyer in Chongqing.
C．She learned sign language when she was very small.
D．She communicates with others mainly by sign language.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I pick up sign language before I could even talk”可知，郝舒欣在很小的时候就学会了手语。故选C。
6．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The vocabulary of sign language is very large.
B．Sign language and Chinese have many similarities.
C．It is not easy to express legal terms in sign language.
D．It is hard for deaf people to understand the sign language.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since sign language ... have no direct match.(由于手语的词汇量较小，郝舒欣经常遇到没有直接匹配的复杂法律术语。)”可推知，用手语表达法律术语并不容易。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “clarity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Clearness.
B．Awareness.
C．Kindness.
D．Gentleness.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Hao sometimes repeats ... she admitted”可知，郝舒欣有时会为聋哑人重复一句话两到三次，她担心被误解，这样做是想确保法律解释的清晰性。由此可知，画线词clarity意为“清晰性”。故选A。
8．What is the best title of the text
A．Sign language is the first language of the deaf
B．A sign language interpreter guards the silent world
C．Sign language plays an important role in the legal field
D．A sign language interpreter significantly changes other people's life
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章从郝舒欣的视角描述了手语翻译的工作内容、挑战和意义，突出了她帮助聋哑人融入社会的努力，展现了她对无声世界的守护。B项(手语翻译守护无声的世界)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ　七选五
Using body language will make people more likely to be influenced by you. But they will only be persuaded (说服) if they also trust you. So it's equally important to use your body language in a way that makes people feel connected. __1__
Start with a smile
It sounds so simple, but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people. Big smiles make people think you are warm and confident. People are always more willing to listen to your point of view if they like you. __2__
Nod your head
If you want people to say “yes” to you, get them nodding in agreement even before you ask a question. If you nod at people, they will feel the urge (强烈的欲望) to do it back. Start by nodding when they talk, as if you're agreeing with their statements (说法). __3__ When they are already nodding, they are much more likely to start agreeing with you.
Stand up
If you are standing up while other people you are talking to are sitting, you will gain the upper hand at once. __4__ It is important not to stand over them, or to lean in so much that they feel uncomfortable.
Lean in
__5__ If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control. If you want to be someone who has influence and persuasion, you need people to like you, not to be scared of you.
A．Make sure you don't stay too close to them.
B．Remember you must take control of others.
C．The gesture of leaning in is necessary in talks.
D．Here's how to use your body language effectively.
E．A smile is the first step in building a good relationship.
F．Standing above them makes them feel that you are more powerful.
G．Then, when you're making your own statements, watch their reactions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效使用肢体语言的方法。
1．答案：D
2．答案：E
解析：上文提到以合适的方式使用肢体语言是重要的，且下文从四个方面介绍了使用肢体语言时的注意事项。D项(以下是如何有效地使用肢体语言的方法。)承上启下。故选D。
解析：上文“It sounds so simple, but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people.”提到微笑有助于与其他人交流，E项(微笑是建立良好关系的第一步。)总结上文。故选E。
3．答案：G
4．答案：F
解析：上文提到当别人说话时，点头意味着你同意他们的说法，G项(然后，当你发表自己的言论时，观察他们的反应。)承接上文。故选G。
解析：上文“If you are standing up ... gain the upper hand at once.”提到交谈时站着的好处，F项(站着比他们高会让他们觉得你更强大。)继续说明站着的益处。故选F。
解析：下文“If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control.”提到他们倾斜或者后退表明你在控制局面，A项(确保不要离他们太近。)引出下文。故选A。
5．答案：A
Why should we learn body language
In English classes, we spend a large amount of time studying grammar and learning new words. We work hard to improve our reading and listening skills. Few of us, however, pay enough attention to body language. So body language is not important, is it
The answer is “No！” Sometimes, we can communicate with others even without a single word. For example, shrugging our shoulders (耸肩), and without a word, we've just said, “I don't know.”
精深阅读
Body language can help us stress what we are saying. It can help us express our true, inner feelings. Moreover, body language can help us find out if someone is lying. Often, people who are lying do not make eye contact. They may raise their shoulders because they are uncomfortable with the conversation.
In job interviews, the interviewers can sometimes judge the interviewee before he or she speaks. Body language is important in our personal life, too. It can show if you really care about your friends. Leaning (前倾) forward in the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said. Listening without making eye contact means you are not paying attention but are waiting for your turn to speak.
Scientists have been studying body language for a long time. They say more than 70 percent of our messages are given through body language. Sometimes, body language is more accurate (精准的) than the words we use.
So it is very important for us to learn body language. By understanding body language, we are less likely to be misunderstood. We will find it easier to get a job. We will also have lasting friendships.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习和理解肢体语言的重要性。
1．According to the first paragraph, in English classes, which of the following things is not mentioned
A．Studying grammar.
B．Learning new words.
C．Improving reading skills.
D．Practising using body language.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In English classes ... to body language.”可知，在英语课上，我们学习语法、新单词以及努力提高阅读技能，并未提及练习使用肢体语言。故选D。
2．According to the passage, what may people who are lying do
A．Lean forward.
B．Make eye contact.
C．Raise their shoulders.
D．Shrug their shoulders.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Often, people who ... with the conversation.”可知，撒谎的人可能会抬起肩膀，因为他们对谈话感到不舒服。故选C。
3．By writing this passage, what does the writer mainly want to do
A．To teach readers to understand body language.
B．To tell readers the importance of learning body language.
C．To show readers how to find out if someone is lying.
D．To help readers improve their English reading and listening skills.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段(因此，学习肢体语言对我们来说非常重要。通过理解肢体语言，我们不太可能被误解。我们会发现找工作更容易。我们也将拥有持久的友谊。)可推知，作者主要是想告诉读者学习肢体语言的重要性。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．a large amount of(第一段)
名词的数
quantity的形式
a large number of
a great deal of
2．find out(第三段)
查明，发现；了解
解决；计算出；锻炼
想出；计算出；理解
试验，试用
遗漏；省略
挑选出，辨别出
辨认出；理解
3．interview(第四段)
interview n. ___________________　v. ___________________________________ →interviewer n. _______________________→interviewee n. _____________________
面试，面谈；访谈
对(某人)进行面试(或面谈)；接受面试
面试官，采访者，接见者
参加面试者；接受采访者
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
shrugging shoulders
stress
judge
more than 70 percent of
lasting friendships
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
Leaning (前倾) forward in the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said.
____________________________________________________________________
例如，在交谈中身体前倾意味着你对正在说的内容感兴趣。
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比0%)　中档题(占比100%)　拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ　完形填空
You never know how far a kind act can go. You don't know who it can __1__， either. When Gloria Porter and Jeff Reick began __2__， they had no idea how much it would __3__ others to shower (大量给予) people with kindness.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★★
89－year－old Gloria Porter was lying in hospital. She couldn't leave her ward. So to __4__ boredom, she would often stare outside her window to watch construction workers building the new front entrance to the hospital. She wasn't expecting one of the __5__ to wave to her. She couldn't help but wave back at the kind __6__. This was only the start of a special __7__ between the two.
When Porter saw construction workers working high above the ground one cold, windy day, she grew __8__. She wrote “Stay safe” on a piece of paper, which she then __9__ on the window for the workers to see. “When I saw ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper, I __10__ and said to my coworkers, ‘Did you see that？’” Reick said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位老人和建筑工人之间通过手势和简单的文字互相关怀的温暖故事。最终两人互相关爱的故事也感染了很多人。
The hospital staff took photos of that and __11__ them on social media. The simple acts of kindness __12__ and many people were employed in similar acts, including one woman who delivered __13__ pizza to the construction workers.
“I just try to lead by example and never expect so much __14__，” Reick said, “if everybody __15__ does things like that, the world will be a better place.”
1．A.disturb B．employ
C．affect D．describe
2．A.communicating B．singing
C．arguing D．explaining
解析：disturb 打扰；employ 雇用；affect 影响；describe 描述。根据下文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，很多人也做相似的善举，所以此处指善意的行为影响其他人。故选C。
解析： communicate 交流；sing 唱歌；argue 争吵；explain 解释。根据下文“wave to her (向她挥手)”以及“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，两个人通过肢体语言和文字进行交流。故选A。
3．A.require B．warn
C．force D．encourage
4．A.make for B．put off
C．figure out D．escape from
解析： require 需要；warn 警告；force 强迫；encourage 鼓励。根据下文可知，他们两个人的行为影响了其他人，鼓励了他们给予其他人善意。故选D。
解析： make for 走向；put off 推迟；figure out 弄清楚；escape from 从……逃跑。根据上文“She couldn't leave her ward.”可知，她不能离开她的病房，她盯着窗外，看建筑工人修建医院的前门是为了打发无聊的时间，即逃避无聊。故选D。
5．A.workers B．nurses
C．doctors D．patients
6．A.job B．inspiration
C．gesture D．favor
解析：根据上文“construction workers”可知，此处指其中一个建筑工人向她招手。故选A。
解析：根据上文“wave to her”可知，这是一种手势。故选C。
7．A.business B．connection
C．difference D．trouble
8．A.puzzled B．worried
C．thrilled D．annoyed
解析：上文提到他们互相挥手致意，根据下文“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，他们又通过文字进行联系，此处指一种特殊的联系方式。故选B。
解析： puzzled 困惑的；worried 担心的；thrilled 极为激动的；annoyed 恼怒的，生气的。根据下文“She wrote ‘Stay safe’ on a piece of paper”可知，她担心建筑工人的安全。故选B。
9．A.knocked B．installed
C．placed D．drew
10．A.came down B．broke down
C．showed up D．turned around
解析： knock 敲；install 安装；place 放置；draw 画。根据语境和常识可知，她把字条放在窗户上。故选C。
解析： come down 下降；落下；break down 分解；发生故障；show up 出现；turn around 转身。根据下文“said to my coworkers”可知，他们都在高空作业，Reick是转身对工友说。故选D。
11．A.shared B．found
C．mentioned D．deleted
12．A.happened B．succeeded
C．spread D．formed
解析： share 分享；find 发现，找到；mention 提到；delete 删除。根据下文“on social media”可知，照片被分享到社交媒体上。故选A。
解析： happen 发生；succeed 成功；spread 传播；form 形成。根据下文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，这个举动在社交媒体上传播开来，许多人效仿。故选C。
13．A.expensive B．free
C．ordinary D．cheap
14．A.participation B．satisfaction
C．solution D．introduction
解析：根据上文“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，许多人也开始做善意的举动，此处是指送免费的比萨饼。故选B。
解析：participation 参加，参与；satisfaction 满意；solution 解决方法；introduction 介绍。根据上文可知，很多人也做相似的善举，Reick没想到有这么多人参与。故选A。
15．A.merely
B．apparently
C．especially
D．willingly
解析：merely 仅仅；apparently 显然；especially 尤其；willingly 愿意地；乐意地。根据下文“the world will be a better place”可知，如果人们都心甘情愿地参与到给予他人善意的行动中来，世界就会变得更加美好。故选D。
Ⅱ　阅读
I met a beautiful soul yesterday. I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there. It was raining a bit this time and also I was among people. Sometimes when you work from home all day this is in itself a treat. And the magic of connection sometimes happens—a smile, someone offering you the newspaper, a short conversation with the staff, a peace dove flying past and lots of possibilities for love and kindness.
Well, magic did happen. I heard a man who was speaking with difficulty and very loud. I noticed he could not speak so clearly and he had some kind of impairment (缺陷). As often happened, people looked at him—or avoided doing so—and then—as if embarrassed or afraid—looked down. In these cases I try to do the opposite. I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included.
So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile. It was an instant! He looked at me, smiled and immediately said hello. With a combination of spoken and body language he asked if he could approach me. I agreed. He introduced me to his friend who taught sign language online and explained that they were both deaf, after which he even told me about his wife and how he loved teaching. I apologized for not knowing sign language and hoped I'd learnt. We still managed to have a beautiful conversation which made us all very happy. I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being and being with others.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是在咖啡馆里，作者的体贴和善解人意产生了神奇的效果，让作者与一位有听力障碍的人有了一次美好的交流。
1．Why did the author go to the cafe yesterday
A．To find someone beautiful.
B．To work and eat something.
C．To ask for a latest newspaper.
D．To have a short talk with others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there.(我带着电脑去当地的一家咖啡馆工作，这样我就可以在那里吃晚饭了。)”可知，作者去咖啡馆是为了工作和吃饭。故选B。
2．How did the author react to the man with speaking difficulty
A．He pretended not to see him.
B．He had a joke with him.
C．He looked and smiled at him.
D．He laughed at him like others.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile.(所以我决定故意看着他并微笑。)”可知，作者对这位有语言障碍的男士作出的反应是看着他并给他一个微笑。故选C。
3．What's the most important to a disabled person
A．Being treated in a normal way.
B．Accepting help from people around.
C．Avoiding the embarrassments in life.
D．Having a friend in the same situation.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In these cases I try to do the opposite ... want to feel included.(在这些情况下，我试图做相反的事情。我想在这种情况下，一个人会想要被包容。)”可推知，作者认为对于有某种缺陷的人来说，让他们像正常人一样融入生活才是最重要的。故选A。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Special Cafe
B．A Broken Heart
C．Power of Sign Language
D．Magic at the Cafe
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“And the magic of connection ... for love and kindness.”以及最后一段中的“I'm sure we'll ... magic of being and being with others.”可知，本文讲述的是作者的一个微笑善举如同魔力一般，让作者与一位有听力障碍的人有了一次美好的交流，因此，D项(咖啡馆里的魔力)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Ⅲ　语法填空
According to a study published in the UK recently, those __1__ like jogging and do this kind of exercise __2__ (regular) for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life. The study's Danish researchers __3__ (convince) that choosing this kind of physical activity can bring us a priceless reward, which is 5 to 6 more years of life! Moreover, __4__ (achieve) better results, the researchers suggest __5__ (limit) yourself to gentle jogging rather than fast－pace and tiring distance running. The scientists found that jogging __6__ (benefit) are maximized when done at an average or even slow－pace exercising, and just one or two hours of jogging a week can be enough for you to achieve success, regardless of your age or health condition.
The scientists analyzed __7__ data on about 20，000 people __8__ (age) between 20 and 93, collected for over 35 years by the Copenhagen City Heart Study. According to Dr Peter Schnohr, the leader researcher, it was found that jogging is related __9__ as much as a 44 percent __10__ (low) risk of death. The life expectancy increase in men is as much as 6.2 years, and for women it is as much as 5.6 years.
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于慢跑的研究结果，强调定期慢跑对延长生命的积极影响。
1．答案：who
2．答案：regularly
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词those为指人的不定代词，应用who引导。故填who。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词do。故填regularly。
3．答案：are convinced
4．答案：to achieve
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时；convince与主语researchers之间是被动关系，且主语是复数。故填are convinced。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
5．答案：limiting
6．答案：benefits
解析：考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth “建议做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填limiting。
解析：考查名词。此处应用名词作主语，根据谓语动词are maximized可知，此处应用名词复数。故填benefits。
7．答案：the
8．答案：aged
解析：考查冠词。根据下文“on about 20，000 people __8__ (age) between 20 and 93”可知，此处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词，修饰名词people，作后置定语，aged意为“……岁的”。故填aged。
9．答案：to
10．答案：lower
解析：考查介词。be related to “与……有关”，为固定搭配。故填to。
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句中隐含比较含义，即与没有慢跑的情况相比较，慢跑可以降低44%的死亡风险，应用形容词的比较级。故填lower。
精深阅读
Your__action__can__speak__louder__than__your__words. It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”， while in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”．
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad manners to do so. Also putting your clasped hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些手势在不同国家所代表的不同含义。
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A．What you do is better than what you say.
B．You try your best to be polite.
C．You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D．What you say is better than what you do.
解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的“It is important ... by using gestures.(当你在另一个国家时，掌握另一种语言以及如何不用语言交流是很重要的。在说话之前，人们用手势进行交流。)”可推知，画线句意为：手势比语言更能让人理解你。故选C。
2．You'd better not put the thumb up in ________．
A．Greece
B．the USA
C．England
D．China
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Today in the USA ... do so.(现在在美国，当某人竖起大拇指时，意思是‘一切都很好。’然而，在希腊，这样做是不礼貌的。)”可知，你最好不要在希腊竖大拇指。故选A。
3．Which of the following is mentioned
A．Putting your clasped hands up above the head means friendship in Greece.
B．You can express “You are worth nothing” by putting your thumb up in France.
C．Making eye communication is not important in a talk.
D．Weather, sports, food and work are the topics that can be talked.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“You can ... news of the day.”可知，你可以谈论天气、工作、运动、食物、住所和当天的新闻。故选D。
意思；含义
(一)学习重点词汇
1．meaning(第一段)
meaning n. ____________→mean v. ________→meaningful adj. __________
意思是
有意义的
举起；阻挡；耽搁
2．hold up(第四段)
拖延；耽搁
忍耐；抑制
踌躇；阻挡；控制住
等一等；不要挂电话
伸出；坚持
屏息
yes
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
no
I heard you
thumb
Everything is all right
bad
head
player
friendship
circle
Everything is OK
You are worth nothing
hide
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
__________________________________________________________________
然而，在世界的不同地方，许多手势有不同的含义，或者根本没有含义。