Unit 5 Working the Land Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking课件（共142张）+教案

英语　选择性必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一　阅读单词(10个)
写出英语单词
1．hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉
3．domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
4．strain n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
5．soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
6．celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
7．envision vt. 展望；想象
8．sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米
9．broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
10．grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
二　核心单词(13个)
A．写出英语单词
1．tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．crisis n. (pl. crises) 危机；危急关头
3．boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺　n. 增长；提高；激励
4．yield n. 产量；产出　vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)　vi. 屈服；让步
5．attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
6．intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
7．overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜
8．expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
9．output n. 产量；输出；输出量　vt. 输出
10．estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算
11．comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
12．leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
13．salty adj. 含盐的；咸的
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed.
2．(朗文当代)The computer industry has expanded greatly over the last decade.
3．(牛津高阶)The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.
4．(牛津高阶)Spend the afternoon at leisure in the town centre.
5．(柯林斯词典)We need a big win to boost our confidence.
6．(朗文当代)The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
三　拓展单词(9个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的→devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱
2．shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺→short adj. 不足的；短缺的→shorten v. (使)变短，缩短
3．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convinced adj. 确信的→convincing adj. 有说服力的
4．characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的→characteristically adv. 特性地；典型地→characterize vt. 描述；是……的特征；以……为典型→character n. 性格；特点；角色；文字；符号
5．conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的→convention n. 习俗；常规；惯例
6．assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v. 假定；假设→assuming conj. 假定……为真；假如
7．consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt. 消费；吃；喝；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)
8．generate vt. 产生；引起→generation n. 一代；(统称)一代人；一届；产生
9．reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实→real adj. 真实的；真正的；真的→really adv. 真正地；真实地；非常
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)It's useless trying to convince her that she doesn't need to lose any weight.
2．(朗文当代)You have to bake the cake for 30 minutes in a conventional oven.
3．(牛津高阶)We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
4．(剑桥高阶)We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road.
5．(牛津高阶)The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
7．He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
四　熟词生义(1个)
A．翻译
1．(朗文当代)She suffered temporary loss of vision after being struck on the head.
她头部被击中后暂时失明。
2．(牛津高阶)The couple moved outside her field of vision.
这对夫妇离开了她的视野。
3．(牛津高阶)Maybe you had visions of being surrounded by happy, smiling children.
也许你想象过身边围绕着快乐微笑的孩子。
4．(牛津高阶)We get good vision but poor sound on this set.
这台电视机图像清晰，但声音不好。
B．写出下面单词的熟义/生义
vision (教材P51)
熟义　n. 视力；视野
生义　n. 想象；影像
五　重点短语(3个)
A．写出英语短语
1．devote__...__to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．be__comprised__of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep__down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)The class is__comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
2．(柯林斯词典)He devoted his energies to the reformation of science.
3．(柯林斯词典)She can seem stern, but deep__down she's a very kind person.
1 devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)The original intention was to devote three months to the project.
最初的计划是在这个项目上投入三个月的时间。
②(柯林斯词典)She gladly gave up her part－time job to devote herself entirely to her art.
她欣然放弃了兼职工作，全身心地投入到艺术中去。
③(牛津高阶)She is devoted to her children.
她深爱她的孩子。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Her devotion (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
②I have personally been devoted to this cause for many years.
③The scientific team devote themselves to seeking (seek) for traces of wild foxes.
【输出】翻译
④他晚年主要从事慈善工作。
His__later__years__were__devoted__largely__to__charitable__work.
2 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服(教材P50)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
②(剑桥高阶)I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
我希望这能说服你改变主意。
③(中国日报)A good leader should convince his/her followers that his/her policies serve their interests.
一个好的领导者应该让他/她的追随者相信他/她的政策符合他们的利益。
④(剑桥高阶)I didn't find the ending of the film very convincing.
我觉得这部电影的结局不是很有说服力。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I'm still not totally convinced that he knows what he's doing.
②I've been trying to convince him to__see (see) a doctor.
③Thomas, in her opinion, could convince anyone of anything.
【输出】翻译
④He became convinced of the need for cheap editions of good quality writing.
他确信需要高质量作品的简装本。
3 characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The creamy richness is characteristic of the cheese from this region.
奶油浓郁是这一地区奶酪的特点。
②(牛津高阶)Characteristically she took the joke very well.
从她的性格来说，她经得起那个玩笑。
③(剑桥高阶)Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings.
明亮的色彩和大胆的笔触是他早期绘画的特点。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Chinese city culture is characteristically (characteristic) regional.
②How would you characterize (character) the Chinese way of doing business
③A characteristic of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
【输出】翻译
④He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
他以特有的热情说话。
4 assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(朗文当代)People make a lot of assumptions about me.
人们对我有很多假设。
②(剑桥高阶)We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.
我们不能仅仅因为嫌疑人决定保持沉默就认定他们有罪。
③(牛津高阶)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
④(牛津高阶)We can all leave together assuming (that) the others aren't late.
我们大家可以一起走——假定其他人不耽搁的话。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I had assumed him to__be (be) an American.
②It is assumed that you are interested in achieving greater self－awareness.
③It was impossible to make assumptions (assume) about people's reactions.
【输出】翻译
④假定他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？
Assuming__(that)__he's__still__alive,__how__old__would__he__be__now __
5 expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务)(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Why not try to expand your story into a novel
你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？
②(中国日报)It is sometimes difficult for companies to expand their advantages to other areas and regions.
有时，公司很难将其优势扩展到其他领域和地区。
③(柯林斯词典)The president used today's speech to expand on remarks he made last month.
总统利用今天的演讲更充分地阐述了他上个月所讲的话。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The company has abandoned plans for further expansion (expand)．
②The several villages expanded into one large town, which attracted more businesses.
【输出】翻译
③请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？
Could__you__expand__on/upon__that__point,__please
6 estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)We estimated his income at/to be about ￡8，000 a year.
我们估计他一年的收入大约是8，000英镑。
②(牛津高阶)It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
③(剑桥高阶)We'll accept the lowest of three estimates for the building work.
我们将接受建筑工程三个估价中最低的一个。
【运用】单句语法填空
①We asked our builder to estimate for the repair of the ceiling.
②Organizers estimated the crowd at 50，000.
【输出】翻译
③预计大楼十个月可以完工。
It__is__estimated__that__the__building__will__be__completed__in__ten__months.
7 reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实(教材P51)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)She tried to turn her dream of running her own business into reality.
她努力实现经营自己企业的梦想。
②(剑桥高阶)He seemed very young, but he was in reality older than all of us.
他看起来很年轻，但实际上他比我们所有人都要大。
③(剑桥高阶)I thought it was just a fire practice but apparently it was for real.
我以为这只是一次消防演习，但很明显它是真的。
④(2023·全国乙卷)I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.
我发现在冬天的那几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能改善你的心情。
【运用】单句语法填空
①In my experience, very few people really (real) understand the problem.
②His theories are somewhat remote from reality (real).
【输出】翻译
③Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.
表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。
be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)(教材P50～51)
归纳
①(中国日报)At the Breeze－Ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden, we met tour groups mainly comprised of the elderly.
在屈原园的曲院风荷，我们遇到了以老人为主的旅游团。
②(2024·北京高考)The 18th－century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things－in－themselves that are unknowable.
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。
③(牛津高阶)The course is made up of 12 two－hour sessions.
这门课总共上12次，每次两小时。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The fountain was comprised of three stone basins.
②The entire universe is made up of different kinds of matter.
③Output consists (consist) of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
【输出】翻译
④So, is happiness honestly just comprised of “things”？
所以，幸福真的是由“物质”组成的吗？
⑤早餐有无黄油的面包和一杯茶。
Breakfast__consisted__of__dry__bread__and__a__cup__of__tea.
1 [教材原句P50]Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
剖析 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词whom在从句中作介词to的宾语。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Her mother, in whom she confided, said she would support her unconditionally.
她向母亲坦露心扉，母亲说将无条件地支持她。
②(2024·T8联考)Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only about 10% has ever been recycled.
自20世纪50年代以来，全球共生产了约92亿吨塑料，其中只有约10%被回收利用。
③(柯林斯词典)Their business came from a few big publishers, all of whose books they bound.
他们的生意来自几家大出版社，这些出版社所有的书都由其装订。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Mandela was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
②Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet.
【输出】翻译
③我在做不同类型的运动，所有这些运动都对我的健康很有帮助。
I__am__doing__different__types__of__exercises,__all__of__which__are__quite__helpful__to__my__health.
2 [教材原句P51]Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
剖析 given that为连词，此处意为“考虑到……”，引导原因状语从句。
归纳
①(中国日报)But given that the movement is so strong and it's so clear that it is so strong, I think something will happen.(原因状语从句)
但考虑到这场运动如此强大，而且很明显它很强大，我认为会发生一些事情。
②Given the chance, I'd do it again.(条件状语)
如果还有机会，我会再干一次的。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Given (give) her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
②Given that the boys are really smart, I don't believe they have fallen behind.
【输出】翻译
③考虑到这样的情况，你已经做得很好了。
Given__the__circumstances,__you've__done__really__well.
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
所有人的先驱
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， was one of China's most famous scientists.
袁隆平，被称为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。
Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research.
然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为在他的研究中，他持续在土地上作业。
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
难句分析
①过去分词短语known as ... 作定语，对句子的主语Yuan Longping进行补充说明。
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。
His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.
他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常收成不好，并且有时甚至会严重缺乏吃的食物。
To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
为了解决这一危机，他选择研究农业，并在位于重庆的西南农学院接受了教育。
难句分析
②what concerned him most是主语从句； that farmers ... to eat是表语从句； had poor ... 与 had a ... 是并列关系。
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.
1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。
Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.
袁隆平意识到更多的耕地不是解决办法。
Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.
相反，农民需要提高他们所拥有的土地的产量。
How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
在当时，如何做到这一点是一个具有挑战性的难题。
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信，答案会在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.
杂交就是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的结合。
难句分析
③they had是定语从句，修饰先行词the__fields，从句省略了引导词that/which，引导词在从句中作宾语。
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
杂交作物的一个特点是它们通常可获得比传统作物更高的产量。
However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂交植物，如水稻，是一件有很大争议的事情。
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍的假设是这无法做到。
Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。
难句分析
④Through intense effort是方式状语；that could be used for farming in 1974是定语从句，修饰先行词hybrid rice。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估计，目前中国国内约60%的水稻消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种生产的作物构成的，而且他的水稻品种使中国农民每年生产出约两亿吨大米。
Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.
袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。
Because of his invaluable contributions，Yuan Longping received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
由于他的宝贵贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。
难句分析
⑤it是形式主语。that about ... rice per year是主语从句，作真正的主语；generated from Yuan's hybrid strains是过去分词短语作crops 的后置定语；to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year是不定式短语作宾语补足语。
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
However, this is far from the case.
然而，事实远非如此。
Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.
实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。
As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money.
作为跟土地打交道的人，他不太在乎名声或金钱。
Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research.
相反，他捐出巨资以支持农业研究。
难句分析
⑥he would have retired to a life of leisure为宾语从句，省略连接词that。
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.
很久以前，他设想过水稻像高粱一样高，每穗水稻像扫帚一样大，每粒大米像花生一样大。
He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.
他成功地生产出一种能养活国内外更多人的水稻。
His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
他后来对“海水稻”的设想也成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next.
甚至在他晚年，袁隆平内心依然年轻，充满憧憬，并且大家一直在兴奋地等待见证他下一步的梦想。
难句分析
⑦What impressed ... Yuan Longping是主语从句； to fulfil his dreams是不定式短语作ability的后置定语。
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．A mule is a h________ of a male donkey and a female horse.
答案：hybrid
2．Getting that job did a lot to b________ his confidence.
答案：boost
3．It was a period of i________ activity.
答案：intense
4．The two groups of children have quite different c________.
答案：characteristics
5．The trees on the mountains within my range of v________ had all been cut down.
答案：vision
6．I like to go to the cinema when I have l________ time.
答案：leisure
7．To succeed, you must learn to o________ obstacles.
答案：overcome
8．Many people know how to a________ success, but few know how to make the best use of it.
答案：attain
9．She drew a sharp distinction between d________ and international politics.
答案：domestic
10．Being an online c________ doesn't mean what she thinks is of correct value.
答案：celebrity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many companies are suffering from a ________ (short) of skilled staff.
答案：shortage
2．It's not a hotel, in the ________ (convention) sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
答案：conventional
3．The average daily ________ (consume) of fruit and vegetables is around 200 grams.
答案：consumption
4．When you swim in the sea, you feel that the water is ________ (salt)．
答案：salty
5．He reluctantly yielded ________ their demands.
答案：to
6．Everybody spoke in praise of her devotion ________ the cause of education.
答案：to
7．She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and ________ (real).
答案：reality
8．There are more stars in the sky than ________ (grain) of sand on the beach.
答案：grains
9．She has inspired a whole ________ (generate) of fashion school graduates.
答案：generation
10．The president used today's speech to expand ________ remarks he made last month.
答案：on/upon
Ⅲ.选词填空
deep down; be comprised of; be devoted to; be convinced that; given that
1．I ____________ he is the most honest in the world.
答案：am convinced that
2．I have so many friends, but ____________， I have a fear of loneliness.
答案：deep down
3．The final term will ____________ the social project.
答案：be devoted to
4．____________ you are still young, I forgive you.
答案：Given that
5．Six of the top 10 passwords ____________ only numbers.
答案：are comprised of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我们必须百尺竿头，更进一步，才能达到目的。
Still greater efforts are needed before we can________________.
答案：attain our goal
2．他太顽固了，你根本无法说服他改变主意。
He is so stubborn that you cannot ________________________ his ideas.
答案：convince him to change
3．根据这个假设，我们可以得出上面的结论。
____________________________， we can reach the conclusion as above.
答案：According to this assumption
4．水和食物是身体产生热量所必需的。
Food and water are necessary for your body to ____________．
答案：generate heat
5．我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
We've opened two more stores__________________________．
答案：to expand the business
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
The first great agricultural revolution happened 10，000 years ago, when humans settled on farms. The second was the “green revolution” from the 1930s to the 1960s, in which advances in fertilization, mechanization, and irrigation dramatically increased global food production. The third is likely to come from information, as digital technology and big data help farmers make better decisions and drive up crop production.
Michael Stern, president and chief executive officer of Climate Corp, said that the ability to gather detailed information about farmers' fields, coupled with advances in weather forecasting, computing power, and artificial intelligence, will change farming from a business that often reacts to the past—applying insecticide this year because of a disease outbreak last year—to one that uses real time data and weather forecasts to make more accurate decisions for the season to come.
Over the course of a growing season, farmers make 40 to 50 key decisions that affect crop performance. Recent trends that have swept other areas of society—such as cheap data storage, the ability to transfer data wirelessly, and dramatic increases in computing power—have the potential to transform the farm.
Stern offered the example of a farmer preparing for the regular fall fertilizing of his fields who delays the application after being informed of a coming storm. That decision reduces runoff, keeps fertilizer on the field, and helps control farmers' costs. As data gathers season after season, computer models will help farmers better manage fertilizer and other additions to optimize production and minimize runoff.
Remote sensing is another way that modern technology can help farmers know what's going on in their fields. Many farmers drive around to monitor growth and watch for pests and diseases. But these surveys are typically random and don't cover more than 2 percent of a field. Remote sensing can provide accurate data that covers an entire field and enables recommendations tailored to what's going on in the stricken area.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了第三次农业革命可能来自信息，数字技术和大数据在农业中的运用，将有助于农民做出更好的决策，从而提高作物产量。
1．What may the third agricultural revolution help farmers do in the future
A．Make reasonable decisions.
B．Grasp computing ability.
C．Deal with big data.
D．Develop business potentials.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The third is likely ... up crop production.”可知，第三次农业革命可以帮助农民做出合理的决定。故选A。
2．Why did the author give an example in Paragraph 4 according to the text
A．To confirm the coming of a storm.
B．To explain the reason of fertilizer runoff.
C．To stress the effect of information application.
D．To show the use of computer models.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者用一个具体事例来展示了计算机模型的具体应用。故选D。
3．What is the advantage of the remote sensing technology
A．It can show typical random.
B．It can drive up crop production.
C．It can remove pests and diseases.
D．It can offer exact statistics.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Remote sensing can provide ... in the stricken area. (遥感可以提供覆盖整个地区的准确数据，并根据受灾地区的情况提供建议。)”可知，遥感技术可以提供准确的统计数据。故选D。
4．What is the author's attitude to the coming agriculture revolution
A．Opposed. B．Neutral.
C．Positive. D．Unclear.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The third is likely ... drive up crop production.”以及后文举例证明这一点可推知，作者对即将到来的第三次农业革命持有积极的态度。故选C。
B
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种室内花园系统——巴比伦微农场(BMF)的优势，它不仅能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，还能利用云技术远程监控和自动化操作，促进了可持续性和环保。
5．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day to day care.
C．It cuts the farm to table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, most produce at the store ... reaching the table.”和“Babylon Micro－Farm (BMF) shortens it even more”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF系统大大缩短了这一过程。由此可知，BMF缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
6．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre seeded pods.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a ... in real time”可知，便捷的应用程序实时提供植物的生长数据。故选B。
7．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶的数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。由此可推知，BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识。故选D。
8．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍BMF系统缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。由此可知，文章主要介绍了BMF的优势。故选A。
Ⅱ　七选五
Small space gardening is both efficient and convenient. Being able to produce food without a large area is a truly useful skill. And among all the foods, few are better than potatoes.
__1__ Besides, just about everyone likes them. Seriously, have you ever met someone who doesn't enjoy potatoes one way or another
Now, learn how to grow potatoes in a box. __2__ Read on and think about all the great food you could make using this easy guide.
Before growing potatoes, let's first build a 4 by 4 wooden box. __3__ What's best about this box is that you can use it, again and again, for different growing seasons.
The first step is cutting the 2×2 inches board into pieces of 33 inches in length; four pieces will be enough. Then, take the 2×6 boards and cut them into 12 lengths of 21 inches and 12 lengths of 24 inches. Make some holes in these and attach the bottom row on the 2×2 boards. Place this part over the soil and plant potatoes about 4 inches deep. Wait about five months for the potatoes to grow up. __4__
You see, you don't need a huge vegetable garden to grow potatoes. __5__ Now, start your creative handy work, and you will have a green thumb.
A．Once they've grown, dig up, eat up, and enjoy!
B．Make sure you use woods which are food grade.
C．They are tasty, multifunctional (多功能的), and easy to grow.
D．The DIY square garden design is easy and inexpensive.
E．Make sure you don't cover more than a third of the plant.
F．With your hands reach in the box and grab your potatoes.
G．A small garden design used wisely will give you all you need.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在木质盒子里种植土豆的方法，从而说明小型菜园设计的简易实惠。
1．答案：C
解析：上文“Being able to produce food ... few are better than potatoes.(能够在小空间种植粮食作物是一个真的很有用的技能。这些粮食作物中，土豆是最好的。)”说明在小空间种植粮食作物，土豆是最好的选择。C项(它们味道好，营养丰富，易于种植。)解释了原因。故选C。
2．答案：D
解析：下文“Read on and think about all the great food you could make using this easy guide.(继续读下去，思考使用这一简易指南可以做出的所
有美食。)”提到要使用某一指南，说明设空处提到了与指南相关的内容，D项(自制方形菜园设计既容易又不贵。)符合语境，选项中的“easy”与下文中的“easy”一致。故选D。
3．答案：B
解析：上文“Before growing potatoes, let's first build a 4 by 4 wooden box.(在种土豆之前，我们首先来做一个4×4的木盒。)”提到先做一个种土豆的木盒，B项(确保你用的是食品级木材。)则补充说明上文，其中B项中的“woods”与上文的“wooden”一致。故选B。
4．答案：A
解析：上文“Wait about five months for the potatoes to grow up.”提到等五个月左右，让土豆长大。A项(一旦它们都成熟了，挖出来吃掉，然后享受吧！)承接上文，指出土豆长大后即可食用，其中A项中的“they”指代上文的“potatoes”。故选A。
5．答案：G
解析：上文“You see, you don't need a huge vegetable garden to grow potatoes.”提到种土豆不需要用很大的菜园，G项(明智利用小型菜园设计将提供给你所需要的一切。)肯定上文的观点，并指出可以充分利用小型菜园设计。故选G。
　精深阅读
　
World Food Day falls on October 16 in memory of the day when the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN was formed. The events of the day usually focus on reducing, or rather, removing hunger from the face of the earth. Farmers and government officials are often given tips on how to get rid of hunger with better effect.
World Food Day was created by FAO member countries in November 1979. It was during their 20th General Conference that the observance (纪念，庆祝) of World Food Day was decided. It was not observed until 1981 when the specific date was determined. Pal Romany, the then Hungary's Minister of Agriculture and Food, played an important role in the founding of World Food Day during the 20th General Conference. Many people at the conference welcomed the idea.
World Food Day is not only celebrated by FAO and the United Nations, but several other organizations concerned with food security, hunger reduction, consumption of balanced diet and health also take part in the celebration. On the day, which is usually observed in more than 150 countries in the world, a number of activities like marathons, concerts, agricultural inventions, and cultural exhibitions and shows are usually organized.
Each year has its own theme to celebrate World Food Day. The themes are always related to food production, availability, and consumption. The themes are always set so that the public can come up with suggestions and ideas that are effective in dealing with hunger, poverty, and famine. In fact, most themes are agriculture related. This is because agriculture is the chief source of food.
World Food Day hopes to bring awareness to help people from around the globe solve issues concerning hunger and famine. It is meant to help farmers attain modern skills that would help achieve food security. The day is also set aside to encourage the government to think of methods to keeping food security in a country.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界粮食日成立的时间，庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及其影响或意义。
1．What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A．Food shortage is a worldwide issue.
B．Creativity is essential to agriculture.
C．The hunger problem has reduced.
D．World Food Day is well－received.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“On the day ... are usually organized.”可推知，世界粮食日广受欢迎。故选D。
2．What have you got to know about World Food Day
A．Its celebrations have the same theme relevant to agriculture.
B．It has been celebrated across the globe ever since it was created.
C．It is meant to make people realize the importance of food security.
D．It is celebrated to remember one of the former crucial ministers.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“World Food Day ... in a country.”可知，世界粮食日是为了让人们认识到粮食安全的重要性。故选C。
3．What can be the most suitable title for the article
A．World Food Day ABC
B．Why to Advocate Agriculture
C．World Food Day History
D．How to Solve Hunger Issues
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。文章主要讲述了世界粮食日成立的时间和目的，庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及其影响或意义。由此可知，A项(世界粮食日常识)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．get rid of(第一段)
2．determine(第二段)
3．concern(第三段)
4．awareness(第五段)
awareness n. 察觉；体认；觉悟→aware adj. 知道的，意识到的
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The themes are always set so that the public can come up with suggestions and ideas that are effective in dealing with hunger, poverty, and famine.
主题的设定总是为了让公众能够提出有效应对饥饿、贫困和饥荒的建议和想法。
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
If someone had told me five years ago that I would be living happily on a small farm, I would have firmly refused to accept the possibility. Back then, I was a(n) __1__ city girl. Then my husband and I __2__ to move from our longtime home. We __3__ houses in several surrounding communities, but nothing __4__ our needs or our budget (预算)．
One day, while we were checking my mother's __5__ for her, I looked around, liked what I saw and asked my husband, “Why don't we build a house here？” To my __6__， he said, “Yes！” And so we __7__ a new and very __8__ chapter in our life story.
When we started our new life on the farm, it was in a mess. My husband and I set out to __9__ the land. We pulled down dead trees and planted vegetables and flowers.
We soon realized the land had __10__ us during our efforts to develop it. We've learned to recognize nature's cycles instead of following clocks, calendars, schedules and to do lists. We enjoy the __11__ of days into nights. Our timeless life allows us to __12__ sunrises and sunsets—each a unique, spectacular (壮观的) sight that cameras can only __13__ catch.
We open our doors to family and friends. Those who __14__ and opposed our decision now feel the magic of the peace and are __15__ to leave.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从城市搬到农场，感受自然和人情的经历。
1．A.registered B．addicted
C．excited D．confirmed
答案：D
解析：registered 已登记的；addicted 上瘾的；excited 激动的，兴奋的；confirmed 坚定的，根深蒂固的。根据上文“If someone had told ... accept the possibility. (如果五年前有人告诉我，我会在一个小农场里幸福地生活，我会坚决拒绝接受这种可能性。)”可知，五年前作者是一个坚定的城市女孩。故选D。
2．A.decided B．expected
C．promised D．managed
答案：A
解析：decide 决定；expect 期望；promise 承诺；manage 设法完成。根据下文“to move from our longtime home”及下文提到作者看房子可知，作者和丈夫决定搬家。故选A。
3．A.set up B．focused on
C．looked at D．heard of
答案：C
解析：set up 建立；focus on 集中注意力于；look at 看；hear of 听说。上文“Then my husband and I __2__ to move from our longtime home.”提到作者和丈夫决定搬家，所以应是在周围的社区看房。故选C。
4．A.changed B．expressed
C．promised D．suited
答案：D
解析：change 改变；express 表达；promise 承诺；suit 适合。根据“but”可知，作者没有找到一个适合需求或预算的房子。故选D。
5．A.house B．farm
C．community D．garden
答案：B
解析：house 房子；farm 农场；community 社区；garden 花园。根据下一段中的“When we started our new life on the farm (当我们在农场上开始新生活时)”可知，作者在查看母亲的农场时很喜欢这里的环境。故选B。
6．A.surprise B．relief
C．shame D．regret
答案：A
解析：surprise 惊讶；relief 宽慰；shame 羞耻；regret 遗憾。根据语境及丈夫的回答“Yes！”可知，作者和丈夫本打算在城市找房子，所以作者没想到丈夫会答应在农场建房，作者对丈夫的回答感到惊讶。故选A。
7．A.continued B．finished
C．delayed D．began
答案：D
解析：continue 继续；finish 完成；delay 耽搁；begin 开始。上文提到丈夫同意作者的提议，结合下文“When we started our new life on the farm, it was in a mess.”可知，作者和丈夫搬到了农场生活，他们的人生开始了一个不同的篇章。故选D。
8．A.regular B．practical
C．different D．difficult
答案：C
解析：regular 定期的；practical 实用的；different 不同的；difficult 困难的。根据下一段首句“When we started our new life on the farm”可知，作者和丈夫决定在农场建房，与之前住在城市相比，这是开始了一个不同的、全新的篇章。故选C。
9．A.protect B．visit
C．clear D．divide
答案：C
解析：protect 保护；visit 参观，拜访；clear 清理；divide (使)分开。根据下一句“We pulled down dead trees and planted vegetables and flowers. (我们把枯树推倒，种上蔬菜和鲜花。)”可知，此处指开始清理土地。故选C。
10．A.forgave B．transformed
C．troubled D．pressed
答案：B
解析：forgive 原谅；transform 使改变，使改观；trouble 麻烦，使烦恼；press 压。根据下文“We've learned to recognize ... calendars, schedules and to do lists.(我们已经学会了认识大自然的周期，而不是遵循时钟、日历、时间表和待办事项清单。)”可知，作者和丈夫在建房子的过程中发生了改变。故选B。
11．A.length B．flow
C．order D．rest
答案：B
解析：length 长度；flow 流逝，流动；order 顺序；rest 休息。根据下文“days into nights”可知，此处是指从白天到夜晚时间的流逝。故选B。
12．A.appreciate B．escape
C．paint D．ignore
答案：A
解析：appreciate 欣赏，感激；escape 逃跑；paint 给……刷油漆，绘画；ignore 忽视。根据下文“sunrises and sunsets—each a unique, spectacular (壮观的) sight”可知，此处指欣赏日出和日落。故选A。
13．A.gradually B．easily
C．partly D．quickly
答案：C
解析：gradually 逐渐地；easily 容易地；partly 部分地；quickly 快速地。结合语境及设空前的only可知，相机只能捕捉到一部分。故选C。
14．A.affected B．questioned
C．reconsidered D．voiced
答案：B
解析：affect 影响；question 质疑；reconsider 重新考虑；voice 表示，表达。根据下文“opposed our decision”可知，此处指当初质疑和反对作者的决定的人。故选B。
15．A.afraid B．free
C．unlikely D．unwilling
答案：D
解析：afraid 害怕的；free 自由的；unlikely 不可能的；unwilling 不愿意的。根据上文“now feel the magic of the peace”可知，这些人在农场里感受到了宁静的魔力，不愿离开。故选D。
Ⅱ　阅读
For many years scientists have been wondering if the moon dirt could be used to grow food. Recently researchers planted a small flowering plant in moon soil taken back by Apollo. All of the seeds grew, but after the first week, the plants grew slowly, most ending up not fully developed. However, Simon Gilroy of the University of Wisconsin, who was not part of the study, said, “It is a big step forward.”
The longer the soil was exposed to radiation and solar wind on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to do. Exposed a couple billion years to the elements, the soil collected from the moon was the least helpful for growth. One solution might be to use newly－formed spots on the moon, like lava flows, for digging up soil. The soil environment also could be changed by adding special nutrient mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo crews that landed on the moon. Most of them are still locked away, forcing researchers to experiment with soil made of volcanic ash on Earth. NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil to the University of Florida researchers for the planting experiment. NASA said the timing for such an experiment was finally right, for it planned to put astronauts back on the planet in a few years. Then future astronauts would use local dirt for indoor planting instead of setting up an all－water system.
Sharmila Bhattacharya, a NASA's program scientist for space biology, said, “The fact that anything grew means that we have a really good starting point, and now the question is how we improve.” The scientists hope to reuse their lunar soil later to plant more of the plant before possibly moving on to other plants.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究。
1．How did Simon Gilroy feel about the experiment
A．Doubtful. B．Funny.
C．Positive. D．Useless.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“However, Simon Gilroy of ... ‘It is a big step forward.’(然而，威斯康星大学的Simon Gilroy(西蒙·吉尔罗伊)并没有参与这项研究，他说：‘这是向前迈出的一大步。’)”可推知，Simon Gilroy对这个实验的态度是积极的。故选C。
2．Why is the moon soil from lava flows friendly for growth
A．It is rich in some nutrient materials.
B．It contains more water.
C．No plant－eating insects collect in it.
D．Solar wind has changed it greatly.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“One solution might be ... adding special nutrient mixtures.(一种解决方案可能是利用月球上新形成的点，比如熔岩流，来挖掘土壤。 通过添加特殊的养分混合物也可以改变土壤环境。)”可推知，熔岩流形成的月球土壤有利于生长的原因是它含有丰富的营养物质。故选 A。
3．For what did NASA choose the time for the experiment
A．To draw more attention to it.
B．To collect data for planting on the moon.
C．To make full use of the limited moon soil.
D．To solve the food shortage on the moon.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“NASA said the timing ... on the planet in a few years.(美国国家航空航天局表示，进行这样一项实验的时机终于成熟了，因为它计划在几年内将宇航员送回月球。)”可推知，现在开展试验是在收集数据，以便实现在月球上种植。故选B。
4．What will the space biologists probably do immediately after the experiment
A．To grow crops without water.
B．To plant in volcanic ash.
C．To grow other plants in moon dirt.
D．To try more of the flowering plant.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The scientists hope to ... moving on to other plants.”可知，实验结束后太空生物科学家们将会种更多这种开花植物。故选D。
Ⅲ　语法填空
Picking tea leaves is __1__ important spring activity in South China. Ancient Chinese __2__ (agriculture) production has long been guided by solar terms, and so has tea production. Tea leaves are ready to pick before Qingming; tea __3__ (pick) at that time is called Mingqian tea. Because of the small output and good quality, Mingqian tea __4__ (consider) quite valuable.
China has been a big tea producing country since ancient times. According to official data, China's tea planting area __5__ (grow) in recent years, with an increase of more than 1.81 million hectares in 16 years since 2000 and __6__ (it) yearly tea production has ranked first in the world for several years in a row.
In spring, local hillsides are often filled with tea pickers as well as farmers __7__ (plant) on their land. __8__ tea farms in the countryside pick tea leaves forms the beautiful scenery which has also contributed to an increase in tourism in these places. Many families take their children to experience the fun of picking tea leaves during spring outings with __9__ (laugh) ringing in the mountains. Picking tea leaves reflects hard work of Chinese people, __10__ is one of the traditional virtues.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些中国的茶文化知识。
1．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。important spring activity表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且important的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2．答案：agricultural
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词production应用形容词。故填agricultural。
3．答案：picked
解析：考查非谓语动词。pick和名词tea之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填picked。
4．答案：is considered
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，consider和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语Mingqian tea为不可数名词。故填is considered。
5．答案：has grown/has been growing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在；或用现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并还将继续下去。主语China's tea planting area表示单数概念。故填has grown/has been growing。
6．答案：its
解析：考查代词。根据名词短语yearly tea production可知，此处应用it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
7．答案：planting
解析：考查非谓语动词。plant和farmers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填planting。
8．答案：That
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，应用that引导。句首单词首字母应大写。故填That。
9．答案：laughter
解析：考查词性转换。根据with可知，此处应用laugh的名词laughter作介词的宾语，laughter为不可数名词。故填laughter。
10．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为hard work of Chinese people，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
　精深阅读
Starch (淀粉) is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September.
“Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process，” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology，” Ma told China Daily.
The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol (甲醇), which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom，” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told China Daily. Scientists then piece these single－carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of super computing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch－making process from about 60 steps into 11.
“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural farming to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change，” a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.
The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家已经利用二氧化碳、氢和电制造出了淀粉。
1．What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch
A．It's extremely complex and inefficient.
B．It's more efficient than the natural method.
C．It's a way of dealing with global warming.
D．It's achievable through photosynthesis.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process”可知，马延和认为自然界产生淀粉的过程复杂而低效，由此可推知，他认为新方法比自然方法更有效。故选B。
2．The underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．translate B．mix
C．divide D．transform
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The first step ... carbon atom”可知，甲醇是只有一个碳原子的分子物质，且这种物质是由二氧化碳和氢气转化而成的。由此可推知，convert意为“转化，转变”。故选D。
3．What can be learned about the breakthrough
A．It can change the way of starch production.
B．It will be beneficial to people's health.
C．It can provide astronauts with delicious food.
D．It helps farmers rid traditional agricultural farming.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The new process ... industrial production.”可知，这项突破改变了淀粉生产的方式。故选A。
4．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Hungry for starch
B．Smart with starch
C．Secure about starch
D．Beneficial to many industries
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了中国科学家成功把二氧化碳合成淀粉。因此B项(智造淀粉)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．majority(第一段)
majority n. 多数，大多数→major adj. 主要的，大部分的
2．inefficient(第三段)
inefficient adj. 无效率的，无能的→efficient adj. 能干的；有效率的→efficiency n. 效率，效能
3．piece(第五段)
熟义 n. 片；块；段；截 She tried to tear a small piece off the edge. 她试图从边上撕下一小块。
n. 碎片；碎块 The vase lay in pieces on the floor. 花瓶碎片散落在地上。
生义 vt. 整理证据(以发现真相) We managed to piece together the truth from several sketchy accounts. 我们从几方面粗略的说法中设法弄清了真相。
vt. 拼接；拼凑 She tried to piece together the cheque which he had just torn up. 她试图把他刚刚撕开的支票拼凑起来。
4.simplify(第五段)
simplify v. 简化，精简→simplification n. 单纯化；简单化→simple adj. 简单的，简明的→simply adv. 仅仅，只；不过
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural farming to industrial production.
这一新工艺使淀粉生产从传统农业生产转向工业生产成为可能。
1(共142张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
SectionⅠ　Reading and Thinking
课前预习　效果检测
合作探究　精研重点
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
学习效果　当堂巩固
3
课后课时作业（一）
４
课后课时作业（二）
５
课前预习　效果检测
一　阅读单词(10个)
写出英语单词
1．________ n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．________ vt. 授粉；传粉
3．________ adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
4．________ n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
5．________ n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
6．________ n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
7．________ vt. 展望；想象
8．________ n. 高粱；高粱米
9．________ n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
10．________ n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
hybrid
pollinate
domestic
strain
soil
celebrity
envision
sorghum
broom
grain
二　核心单词(13个)
A．写出英语单词
1．________ vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．________ n. (pl. ________) 危机；危急关头
3．________ vt. 使增长；使兴旺　n. 增长；提高；激励
4．________ n. 产量；产出　vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)　vi. 屈服；让步
5．________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
6．________ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
tackle
crisis
crises
boost
yield
attain
intense
7．________ vt. 克服；解决；战胜
8．________ vt.& vi. 扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
9．________ n. 产量；输出；输出量　vt. 输出
10．________ vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算
11．________ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
12．________ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
13．________ adj. 含盐的；咸的
overcome
expand
output
estimate
comprise
leisure
salty
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)It was difficult to ________ how many trees had been destroyed.
2．(朗文当代)The computer industry has ________ greatly over the last decade.
3．(牛津高阶)The average ________ of the factory is 20 cars a day.
4．(牛津高阶)Spend the afternoon at ________ in the town centre.
5．(柯林斯词典)We need a big win to ________ our confidence.
6．(朗文当代)The house ________ two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
estimate
expanded
output
leisure
boost
comprises
三　拓展单词(9个)
A．写出英语单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→________ adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的→________ n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱
2．________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺→________ adj. 不足的；短缺的→________ v. (使)变短，缩短
3．________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→_________ adj. 确信的→_________ adj. 有说服力的
devote
devoted
devotion
shortage
short
shorten
convince
convinced
convincing
4．___________ n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的→______________ adv. 特性地；典型地→_____________ vt. 描述；是……的特征；以……为典型→________ n. 性格；特点；角色；文字；符号
5．___________ adj. 传统的；习惯的→__________ n. 习俗；常规；惯例
6．__________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→________ v. 假定；假设→_________ conj. 假定……为真；假如
7．___________ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→________ vt. 消费；吃；喝；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)
8．________ vt. 产生；引起→_________ n. 一代；(统称)一代人；一届；产生
9．________ n. 现实；实际情况；事实→________ adj. 真实的；真正的；真的→________ adv. 真正地；真实地；非常
characteristic
characteristically
characterize
character
conventional
convention
assumption
assume
assuming
consumption
consume
generate
generation
reality
real
really
B．用上面的单词填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)It's useless trying to ________ her that she doesn't need to lose any weight.
2．(朗文当代)You have to bake the cake for 30 minutes in a ___________ oven.
3．(牛津高阶)We are working on the _________ that everyone invited will turn up.
4．(剑桥高阶)We need to cut down on our fuel ____________ by having fewer cars on the road.
5．(牛津高阶)The proposal has ________ a lot of interest.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Now list all the ____________ you like about yourself.
7．He decided to ________ the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
convince
conventional
assumption
consumption
generated
characteristics
devote
四　熟词生义(1个)
A．翻译
1．(朗文当代)She suffered temporary loss of vision after being struck on the head.
____________________________________________________________________
2．(牛津高阶)The couple moved outside her field of vision.
____________________________________________________________________
3．(牛津高阶)Maybe you had visions of being surrounded by happy, smiling children.
____________________________________________________________________
4．(牛津高阶)We get good vision but poor sound on this set.
____________________________________________________________________
她头部被击中后暂时失明。
这对夫妇离开了她的视野。
也许你想象过身边围绕着快乐微笑的孩子。
这台电视机图像清晰，但声音不好。
B．写出下面单词的熟义/生义
vision (教材P51)
熟义　n. ________________
生义　n. ________________
视力；视野
想象；影像
五　重点短语(3个)
A．写出英语短语
1．____________ 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．_____________ 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．____________ 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
B．用上面的短语填空，使句意完整
1．(剑桥高阶)The class __________ mainly ________ Italian and French students.
2．(柯林斯词典)He ________ his energies ________ the reformation of science.
3．(柯林斯词典)She can seem stern, but ____________ she's a very kind person.
devote ... to
be comprised of
deep down
is comprised
of
devoted
to
deep down
合作探究　精研重点
1 devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)The original intention was to devote three months to the project.
最初的计划是在这个项目上投入三个月的时间。
②(柯林斯词典)She gladly gave up her part－time job to devote herself entirely to her art.
她欣然放弃了兼职工作，全身心地投入到艺术中去。
③(牛津高阶)She is devoted to her children.
她深爱她的孩子。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Her ________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
②I have personally been devoted ________ this cause for many years.
③The scientific team devote themselves to ________ (seek) for traces of wild foxes.
【输出】翻译
④他晚年主要从事慈善工作。
__________________________________________________________________
devotion
to
seeking
His later years were devoted largely to charitable work.
2 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服(教材P50)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
②(剑桥高阶)I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
我希望这能说服你改变主意。
③(中国日报)A good leader should convince his/her followers that his/her policies serve their interests.
一个好的领导者应该让他/她的追随者相信他/她的政策符合他们的利益。
④(剑桥高阶)I didn't find the ending of the film very convincing.
我觉得这部电影的结局不是很有说服力。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I'm still not totally convinced ________ he knows what he's doing.
②I've been trying to convince him ________ (see) a doctor.
③Thomas, in her opinion, could convince anyone ________ anything.
【输出】翻译
④He became convinced of the need for cheap editions of good quality writing.
__________________________________________________________________
that
to see
of
他确信需要高质量作品的简装本。
3 characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质　adj. 典型的；独特的(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(剑桥高阶)The creamy richness is characteristic of the cheese from this region.
奶油浓郁是这一地区奶酪的特点。
②(牛津高阶)Characteristically she took the joke very well.
从她的性格来说，她经得起那个玩笑。
③(剑桥高阶)Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings.
明亮的色彩和大胆的笔触是他早期绘画的特点。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Chinese city culture is ______________ (characteristic) regional.
②How would you ___________ (character) the Chinese way of doing business
③A characteristic ________ this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
【输出】翻译
④He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
______________________________________________________________
characteristically
characterize
of
他以特有的热情说话。
4 assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(朗文当代)People make a lot of assumptions about me.
人们对我有很多假设。
②(剑桥高阶)We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.
我们不能仅仅因为嫌疑人决定保持沉默就认定他们有罪。
③(牛津高阶)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
④(牛津高阶)We can all leave together assuming (that) the others aren't late.
我们大家可以一起走——假定其他人不耽搁的话。
【运用】单句语法填空
①I had assumed him ________ (be) an American.
②It is assumed ________ you are interested in achieving greater self－awareness.
③It was impossible to make ____________ (assume) about people‘s reactions.
【输出】翻译
④假定他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？
___________________________________________________
to be
that
assumptions
Assuming (that) he's still alive, how old would he be now
5 expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务)(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)Why not try to expand your story into a novel
你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？
②(中国日报)It is sometimes difficult for companies to expand their advantages to other areas and regions.
有时，公司很难将其优势扩展到其他领域和地区。
③(柯林斯词典)The president used today's speech to expand on remarks he made last month.
总统利用今天的演讲更充分地阐述了他上个月所讲的话。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The company has abandoned plans for further __________ (expand)．
②The several villages expanded ________ one large town, which attracted more businesses.
【输出】翻译
③请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？
__________________________________________________________
expansion
into
Could you expand on/upon that point, please
6 estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算　n. 估计；估算(教材P50)
归纳
助记
①(牛津高阶)We estimated his income at/to be about ￡8，000 a year.
我们估计他一年的收入大约是8，000英镑。
②(牛津高阶)It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
③(剑桥高阶)We'll accept the lowest of three estimates for the building work.
我们将接受建筑工程三个估价中最低的一个。
【运用】单句语法填空
①We asked our builder to estimate ____ the repair of the ceiling.
②Organizers estimated the crowd ____50，000.
【输出】翻译
③预计大楼十个月可以完工。
___________________________________________________________
for
at
It is estimated that the building will be completed in ten months.
7 reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实(教材P51)
归纳
①(牛津高阶)She tried to turn her dream of running her own business into reality.
她努力实现经营自己企业的梦想。
②(剑桥高阶)He seemed very young, but he was in reality older than all of us.
他看起来很年轻，但实际上他比我们所有人都要大。
③(剑桥高阶)I thought it was just a fire practice but apparently it was for real.
我以为这只是一次消防演习，但很明显它是真的。
④(2023·全国乙卷)I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.
我发现在冬天的那几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能改善你的心情。
【运用】单句语法填空
①In my experience, very few people ________ (real) understand the problem.
②His theories are somewhat remote from _______(real).
【输出】翻译
③Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.
____________________________________________________________
really
reality
表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。
be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)(教材P50～51)
归纳
①(中国日报)At the Breeze－Ruffled Lotus at Quyuan Garden, we met tour groups mainly comprised of the elderly.
在屈原园的曲院风荷，我们遇到了以老人为主的旅游团。
②(2024·北京高考)The 18th－century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things－in－themselves that are unknowable.
18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。
③(牛津高阶)The course is made up of 12 two－hour sessions.
这门课总共上12次，每次两小时。
【运用】单句语法填空
①The fountain was comprised ____ three stone basins.
②The entire universe is made _____ of different kinds of matter.
③Output ___________(consist) of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
【输出】翻译
④So, is happiness honestly just comprised of “things”？
__________________________________________________
⑤早餐有无黄油的面包和一杯茶。
___________________________________________________
of
up
consists
所以，幸福真的是由“物质”组成的吗？
Breakfast consisted of dry bread and a cup of tea.
1 [教材原句P50]Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
剖析 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词whom在从句中作介词to的宾语。
归纳
①(牛津高阶)Her mother, in whom she confided, said she would support her unconditionally.
她向母亲坦露心扉，母亲说将无条件地支持她。
②(2024·T8联考)Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only about 10% has ever been recycled.
自20世纪50年代以来，全球共生产了约92亿吨塑料，其中只有约10%被回收利用。
③(柯林斯词典)Their business came from a few big publishers, all of whose books they bound.
他们的生意来自几家大出版社，这些出版社所有的书都由其装订。
【运用】单句语法填空
①Mandela was generous with his time, _____ which I was grateful.
②Many people, some of _________ are not overweight, are going on a diet.
【输出】翻译
③我在做不同类型的运动，所有这些运动都对我的健康很有帮助。
___________________________________________________________________
for
whom
I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
2 [教材原句P51]Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
剖析 given that为连词，此处意为“考虑到……”，引导原因状语从句。
归纳
①(中国日报)But given that the movement is so strong and it's so clear that it is so strong, I think something will happen.(原因状语从句)
但考虑到这场运动如此强大，而且很明显它很强大，我认为会发生一些事情。
②Given the chance, I'd do it again.(条件状语)
如果还有机会，我会再干一次的。
【运用】单句语法填空
①__________ (give) her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
②Given ________the boys are really smart, I don't believe they have fallen behind.
【输出】翻译
③考虑到这样的情况，你已经做得很好了。
______________________________________________________________
Given
that
Given the circumstances, you've done really well.
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
所有人的先驱
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， was one of China's most famous scientists.
袁隆平，被称为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。
Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research.
然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为在他的研究中，他持续在土地上作业。
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
难句分析
①过去分词短语known as ... 作______，对句子的_____Yuan Longping进行补充说明。
定语
主语
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。
His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.
他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常收成不好，并且有时甚至会严重缺乏吃的食物。
To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
为了解决这一危机，他选择研究农业，并在位于重庆的西南农学院接受了教育。
难句分析
②what concerned him most是_____从句； that farmers ... to eat是______从句； had poor ... 与 had a ... 是______关系。
主语
表语
并列
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.
1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。
Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.
袁隆平意识到更多的耕地不是解决办法。
Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.
相反，农民需要提高他们所拥有的土地的产量。
How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
在当时，如何做到这一点是一个具有挑战性的难题。
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信，答案会在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.
杂交就是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的结合。
难句分析
③they had是_______从句，修饰先行词_________，从句省略了引导词_________，引导词在从句中作宾语。
定语
the fields
that/which
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
杂交作物的一个特点是它们通常可获得比传统作物更高的产量。
However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂交植物，如水稻，是一件有很大争议的事情。
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍的假设是这无法做到。
Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。
难句分析
④Through intense effort是______状语；that could be used for farming in 1974是_______从句，修饰先行词hybrid rice。
方式
定语
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估计，目前中国国内约60%的水稻消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种生产的作物构成的，而且他的水稻品种使中国农民每年生产出约两亿吨大米。
Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.
袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。
Because of his invaluable contributions，Yuan Longping received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
由于他的宝贵贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。
难句分析
⑤it是_________。that about ... rice per year是_______从句，作____________；generated from Yuan's hybrid strains是过去分词短语作crops 的___________；to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year是不定式短语作___________。
形式主语
主语
真正的主语
后置定语
宾语补足语
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
However, this is far from the case.
然而，事实远非如此。
Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.
实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。
As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money.
作为跟土地打交道的人，他不太在乎名声或金钱。
Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research.
相反，他捐出巨资以支持农业研究。
难句分析
⑥he would have retired to a life of leisure为______从句，省略连接词______。
宾语
that
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.
很久以前，他设想过水稻像高粱一样高，每穗水稻像扫帚一样大，每粒大米像花生一样大。
He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.
他成功地生产出一种能养活国内外更多人的水稻。
His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
他后来对“海水稻”的设想也成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next.
甚至在他晚年，袁隆平内心依然年轻，充满憧憬，并且大家一直在兴奋地等待见证他下一步的梦想。
难句分析
⑦What impressed ... Yuan Longping是_______从句； to fulfil his dreams是不定式短语作ability的___________。
主语
后置定语
学习效果　当堂巩固
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．A mule is a h________ of a male donkey and a female horse.
2．Getting that job did a lot to b________ his confidence.
3．It was a period of i________ activity.
4．The two groups of children have quite different c____________.
5．The trees on the mountains within my range of v________ had all been cut down.
ybrid
oost
ntense
haracteristics
ision
6．I like to go to the cinema when I have l________ time.
7．To succeed, you must learn to o________ obstacles.
8．Many people know how to a________ success, but few know how to make the best use of it.
9．She drew a sharp distinction between d________ and international politics.
10．Being an online c__________ doesn't mean what she thinks is of correct value.
eisure
vercome
ttain
omestic
elebrity
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many companies are suffering from a ________ (short) of skilled staff.
2．It's not a hotel, in the ____________ (convention) sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
3．The average daily ___________ (consume) of fruit and vegetables is around 200 grams.
4．When you swim in the sea, you feel that the water is ________ (salt)．
5．He reluctantly yielded ________ their demands.
shortage
conventional
consumption
salty
to
6．Everybody spoke in praise of her devotion ________ the cause of education.
7．She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and ________ (real).
8．There are more stars in the sky than ________ (grain) of sand on the beach.
9．She has inspired a whole __________ (generate) of fashion school graduates.
10．The president used today's speech to expand ________ remarks he made last month.
to
reality
grains
generation
on/upon
deep down; be comprised of; be devoted to; be convinced that; given that
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I ___________________ he is the most honest in the world.
2．I have so many friends, but ____________， I have a fear of loneliness.
3．The final term will ____________ the social project.
4．____________ you are still young, I forgive you.
5．Six of the top 10 passwords ________________ only numbers.
am convinced that
deep down
be devoted to
Given that
are comprised of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我们必须百尺竿头，更进一步，才能达到目的。
Still greater efforts are needed before we can________________.
2．他太顽固了，你根本无法说服他改变主意。
He is so stubborn that you cannot ________________________ his ideas.
3．根据这个假设，我们可以得出上面的结论。
____________________________， we can reach the conclusion as above.
4．水和食物是身体产生热量所必需的。
Food and water are necessary for your body to ____________．
5．我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
We've opened two more stores__________________________．
attain our goal
convince him to change
According to this assumption
generate heat
to expand the business
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
The first great agricultural revolution happened 10，000 years ago, when humans settled on farms. The second was the “green revolution” from the 1930s to the 1960s, in which advances in fertilization, mechanization, and irrigation dramatically increased global food production. The third is likely to come from information, as digital technology and big data help farmers make better decisions and drive up crop production.
Michael Stern, president and chief executive officer of Climate Corp, said that the ability to gather detailed information about farmers' fields, coupled with advances in weather forecasting, computing power, and artificial intelligence, will change farming from a business that often reacts to the past—applying insecticide this year because of a disease outbreak last year—to one that uses real time data and weather forecasts to make more accurate decisions for the season to come.
Over the course of a growing season, farmers make 40 to 50 key decisions that affect crop performance. Recent trends that have swept other areas of society—such as cheap data storage, the ability to transfer data wirelessly, and dramatic increases in computing power—have the potential to transform the farm.
Stern offered the example of a farmer preparing for the regular fall fertilizing of his fields who delays the application after being informed of a coming storm. That decision reduces runoff, keeps fertilizer on the field, and helps control farmers' costs. As data gathers season after season, computer models will help farmers better manage fertilizer and other additions to optimize production and minimize runoff.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了第三次农业革命可能来自信息，数字技术和大数据在农业中的运用，将有助于农民做出更好的决策，从而提高作物产量。
Remote sensing is another way that modern technology can help farmers know what's going on in their fields. Many farmers drive around to monitor growth and watch for pests and diseases. But these surveys are typically random and don't cover more than 2 percent of a field. Remote sensing can provide accurate data that covers an entire field and enables recommendations tailored to what's going on in the stricken area.
1．What may the third agricultural revolution help farmers do in the future
A．Make reasonable decisions.
B．Grasp computing ability.
C．Deal with big data.
D．Develop business potentials.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The third is likely ... up crop production.”可知，第三次农业革命可以帮助农民做出合理的决定。故选A。
2．Why did the author give an example in Paragraph 4 according to the text
A．To confirm the coming of a storm.
B．To explain the reason of fertilizer runoff.
C．To stress the effect of information application.
D．To show the use of computer models.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，作者用一个具体事例来展示了计算机模型的具体应用。故选D。
3．What is the advantage of the remote sensing technology
A．It can show typical random.
B．It can drive up crop production.
C．It can remove pests and diseases.
D．It can offer exact statistics.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Remote sensing can provide ... in the stricken area. (遥感可以提供覆盖整个地区的准确数据，并根据受灾地区的情况提供建议。)”可知，遥感技术可以提供准确的统计数据。故选D。
4．What is the author's attitude to the coming agriculture revolution
A．Opposed.
B．Neutral.
C．Positive.
D．Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The third is likely ... drive up crop production.”以及后文举例证明这一点可推知，作者对即将到来的第三次农业革命持有积极的态度。故选C。
B
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种室内花园系统——巴比伦微农场(BMF)的优势，它不仅能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，还能利用云技术远程监控和自动化操作，促进了可持续性和环保。
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
5．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day to day care.
C．It cuts the farm to table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, most produce at the store ... reaching the table.”和“Babylon Micro－Farm (BMF) shortens it even more”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF系统大大缩短了这一过程。由此可知，BMF缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
6．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre seeded pods.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a ... in real time”可知，便捷的应用程序实时提供植物的生长数据。故选B。
7．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶的数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。由此可推知，BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识。故选D。
8．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths.
B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence.
D．BMF's technical standards.
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍BMF系统缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。由此可知，文章主要介绍了BMF的优势。故选A。
Ⅱ　七选五
Small space gardening is both efficient and convenient. Being able to produce food without a large area is a truly useful skill. And among all the foods, few are better than potatoes.
__1__ Besides, just about everyone likes them. Seriously, have you ever met someone who doesn't enjoy potatoes one way or another
Now, learn how to grow potatoes in a box. __2__ Read on and think about all the great food you could make using this easy guide.
Before growing potatoes, let's first build a 4 by 4 wooden box. __3__ What's best about this box is that you can use it, again and again, for different growing seasons.
The first step is cutting the 2×2 inches board into pieces of 33 inches in length; four pieces will be enough. Then, take the 2×6 boards and cut them into 12 lengths of 21 inches and 12 lengths of 24 inches. Make some holes in these and attach the bottom row on the 2×2 boards. Place this part over the soil and plant potatoes about 4 inches deep. Wait about five months for the potatoes to grow up. __4__
You see, you don't need a huge vegetable garden to grow potatoes. __5__ Now, start your creative handy work, and you will have a green thumb.
A．Once they've grown, dig up, eat up, and enjoy!
B．Make sure you use woods which are food grade.
C．They are tasty, multifunctional (多功能的), and easy to grow.
D．The DIY square garden design is easy and inexpensive.
E．Make sure you don't cover more than a third of the plant.
F．With your hands reach in the box and grab your potatoes.
G．A small garden design used wisely will give you all you need.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在木质盒子里种植土豆的方法，从而说明小型菜园设计的简易实惠。
1．答案：C
解析：上文“Being able to produce food ... few are better than potatoes.(能够在小空间种植粮食作物是一个真的很有用的技能。这些粮食作物中，土豆是最好的。)”说明在小空间种植粮食作物，土豆是最好的选择。C项(它们味道好，营养丰富，易于种植。)解释了原因。故选C。
2．答案：D
解析：下文“Read on and think about all the great food you could make using this easy guide.(继续读下去，思考使用这一简易指南可以做出的所有美食。)”提到要使用某一指南，说明设空处提到了与指南相关的内容，D项(自制方形菜园设计既容易又不贵。)符合语境，选项中的“easy”与下文中的“easy”一致。故选D。
解析：上文“Before growing potatoes, let's first build a 4 by 4 wooden box.(在种土豆之前，我们首先来做一个4×4的木盒。)”提到先做一个种土豆的木盒，B项(确保你用的是食品级木材。)则补充说明上文，其中B项中的“woods”与上文的“wooden”一致。故选B。
3．答案：B
解析：上文“Wait about five months for the potatoes to grow up.”提到等五个月左右，让土豆长大。A项(一旦它们都成熟了，挖出来吃掉，然后享受吧！)承接上文，指出土豆长大后即可食用，其中A项中的“they”指代上文的“potatoes”。故选A。
4．答案：A
5．答案：G
解析：上文“You see, you don't need a huge vegetable garden to grow potatoes.”提到种土豆不需要用很大的菜园，G项(明智利用小型菜园设计将提供给你所需要的一切。)肯定上文的观点，并指出可以充分利用小型菜园设计。故选G。
World Food Day falls on October 16 in memory of the day when the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN was formed. The events of the day usually focus on reducing, or rather, removing hunger from the face of the earth. Farmers and government officials are often given tips on how to get rid of hunger with better effect.
World Food Day was created by FAO member countries in November 1979. It was during their 20th General Conference that the observance (纪念，庆祝) of World Food Day was decided. It was not observed until 1981 when the specific date was determined. Pal Romany, the then Hungary's Minister of Agriculture and Food, played an important role in the founding of World Food Day during the 20th General Conference. Many people at the conference welcomed the idea.
精深阅读
World Food Day is not only celebrated by FAO and the United Nations, but several other organizations concerned with food security, hunger reduction, consumption of balanced diet and health also take part in the celebration. On the day, which is usually observed in more than 150 countries in the world, a number of activities like marathons, concerts, agricultural inventions, and cultural exhibitions and shows are usually organized.
Each year has its own theme to celebrate World Food Day. The themes are always related to food production, availability, and consumption. The themes are always set so that the public can come up with suggestions and ideas that are effective in dealing with hunger, poverty, and famine. In fact, most themes are agriculture related. This is because agriculture is the chief source of food.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界粮食日成立的时间，庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及其影响或意义。
World Food Day hopes to bring awareness to help people from around the globe solve issues concerning hunger and famine. It is meant to help farmers attain modern skills that would help achieve food security. The day is also set aside to encourage the government to think of methods to keeping food security in a country.
1．What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A．Food shortage is a worldwide issue.
B．Creativity is essential to agriculture.
C．The hunger problem has reduced.
D．World Food Day is well－received.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“On the day ... are usually organized.”可推知，世界粮食日广受欢迎。故选D。
2．What have you got to know about World Food Day
A．Its celebrations have the same theme relevant to agriculture.
B．It has been celebrated across the globe ever since it was created.
C．It is meant to make people realize the importance of food security.
D．It is celebrated to remember one of the former crucial ministers.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“World Food Day ... in a country.”可知，世界粮食日是为了让人们认识到粮食安全的重要性。故选C。
3．What can be the most suitable title for the article
A．World Food Day ABC
B．Why to Advocate Agriculture
C．World Food Day History
D．How to Solve Hunger Issues
解析：标题判断题。文章主要讲述了世界粮食日成立的时间和目的，庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及其影响或意义。由此可知，A项(世界粮食日常识)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．get rid of(第一段)
摆脱；去掉，除去
(设法)处理；完成；接通电话
克服
离开，逃脱
习惯于
开始做；认真对待
2．determine(第二段)
决定，决心；确定
决定(做)某事
决定做某事
决定……
有决心的
决心做某事
决定，决心
坚决地，果断地
3．concern(第三段)
使担忧；与……有关；对……感兴趣
担心、忧虑(某事的发生)
对……感兴趣；关心……
担忧的；焦虑的；相关的
让人不安的，令人担忧的
关于；涉及
4．awareness(第五段)
awareness n. _____________________
→aware adj. ____________________
察觉；体认；觉悟
知道的，意识到的
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
other organizations
food production
modern skills
government
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The themes are always set so that the public can come up with suggestions and ideas that are effective in dealing with hunger, poverty, and famine.
____________________________________________________________________
主题的设定总是为了让公众能够提出有效应对饥饿、贫困和饥荒的建议和想法。
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
If someone had told me five years ago that I would be living happily on a small farm, I would have firmly refused to accept the possibility. Back then, I was a(n) __1__ city girl. Then my husband and I __2__ to move from our longtime home. We __3__ houses in several surrounding communities, but nothing __4__ our needs or our budget (预算)．
One day, while we were checking my mother's __5__ for her, I looked around, liked what I saw and asked my husband, “Why don't we build a house here？” To my __6__， he said, “Yes！” And so we __7__ a new and very __8__ chapter in our life story.
When we started our new life on the farm, it was in a mess. My husband and I set out to __9__ the land. We pulled down dead trees and planted vegetables and flowers.
We soon realized the land had __10__ us during our efforts to develop it. We've learned to recognize nature's cycles instead of following clocks, calendars, schedules and to do lists. We enjoy the __11__ of days into nights. Our timeless life allows us to __12__ sunrises and sunsets—each a unique, spectacular (壮观的) sight that cameras can only __13__ catch.
We open our doors to family and friends. Those who __14__ and opposed our decision now feel the magic of the peace and are __15__ to leave.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从城市搬到农场，感受自然和人情的经历。
1．A.registered
B．addicted
C．excited
D．confirmed
解析：registered 已登记的；addicted 上瘾的；excited 激动的，兴奋的；confirmed 坚定的，根深蒂固的。根据上文“If someone had told ... accept the possibility. (如果五年前有人告诉我，我会在一个小农场里幸福地生活，我会坚决拒绝接受这种可能性。)”可知，五年前作者是一个坚定的城市女孩。故选D。
2．A.decided B．expected
C．promised D．managed
3．A.set up B．focused on
C．looked at D．heard of
解析：decide 决定；expect 期望；promise 承诺；manage 设法完成。根据下文“to move from our longtime home”及下文提到作者看房子可知，作者和丈夫决定搬家。故选A。
解析： set up 建立；focus on 集中注意力于；look at 看；hear of 听说。上文“Then my husband and I __2__ to move from our longtime home.”提到作者和丈夫决定搬家，所以应是在周围的社区看房。故选C。
4．A.changed B．expressed
C．promised D．suited
5．A.house B．farm
C．community D．garden
解析： change 改变；express 表达；promise 承诺；suit 适合。根据“but”可知，作者没有找到一个适合需求或预算的房子。故选D。
解析： house 房子；farm 农场；community 社区；garden 花园。根据下一段中的“When we started our new life on the farm (当我们在农场上开始新生活时)”可知，作者在查看母亲的农场时很喜欢这里的环境。故选B。
6．A.surprise B．relief
C．shame D．regret
7．A.continued B．finished
C．delayed D．began
解析： surprise 惊讶；relief 宽慰；shame 羞耻；regret 遗憾。根据语境及丈夫的回答“Yes！”可知，作者和丈夫本打算在城市找房子，所以作者没想到丈夫会答应在农场建房，作者对丈夫的回答感到惊讶。故选A。
解析： continue 继续；finish 完成；delay 耽搁；begin 开始。上文提到丈夫同意作者的提议，结合下文“When we started our new life on the farm, it was in a mess.”可知，作者和丈夫搬到了农场生活，他们的人生开始了一个不同的篇章。故选D。
8．A.regular B．practical
C．different D．difficult
解析： regular 定期的；practical 实用的；different 不同的；difficult 困难的。根据下一段首句“When we started our new life on the farm”可知，作者和丈夫决定在农场建房，与之前住在城市相比，这是开始了一个不同的、全新的篇章。故选C。
9．A.protect B．visit
C．clear D．divide
解析： protect 保护；visit 参观，拜访；clear 清理；divide (使)分开。根据下一句“We pulled down dead trees and planted vegetables and flowers. (我们把枯树推倒，种上蔬菜和鲜花。)”可知，此处指开始清理土地。故选C。
10．A.forgave B．transformed
C．troubled D．pressed
解析： forgive 原谅；transform 使改变，使改观；trouble 麻烦，使烦恼；press 压。根据下文“We've learned to recognize ... calendars, schedules and to do lists.(我们已经学会了认识大自然的周期，而不是遵循时钟、日历、时间表和待办事项清单。)”可知，作者和丈夫在建房子的过程中发生了改变。故选B。
11．A.length B．flow
C．order D．rest
12．A.appreciate B．escape
C．paint D．ignore
解析： length 长度；flow 流逝，流动；order 顺序；rest 休息。根据下文“days into nights”可知，此处是指从白天到夜晚时间的流逝。故选B。
解析： appreciate 欣赏，感激；escape 逃跑；paint 给……刷油漆，绘画；ignore 忽视。根据下文“sunrises and sunsets—each a unique, spectacular (壮观的) sight”可知，此处指欣赏日出和日落。故选A。
13．A.gradually B．easily
C．partly D．quickly
14．A.affected B．questioned
C．reconsidered D．voiced
解析： gradually 逐渐地；easily 容易地；partly 部分地；quickly 快速地。结合语境及设空前的only可知，相机只能捕捉到一部分。故选C。
解析： affect 影响；question 质疑；reconsider 重新考虑；voice 表示，表达。根据下文“opposed our decision”可知，此处指当初质疑和反对作者的决定的人。故选B。
15．A.afraid B．free
C．unlikely D．unwilling
解析： afraid 害怕的；free 自由的；unlikely 不可能的；unwilling 不愿意的。根据上文“now feel the magic of the peace”可知，这些人在农场里感受到了宁静的魔力，不愿离开。故选D。
Ⅱ　阅读
For many years scientists have been wondering if the moon dirt could be used to grow food. Recently researchers planted a small flowering plant in moon soil taken back by Apollo. All of the seeds grew, but after the first week, the plants grew slowly, most ending up not fully developed. However, Simon Gilroy of the University of Wisconsin, who was not part of the study, said, “It is a big step forward.”
The longer the soil was exposed to radiation and solar wind on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to do. Exposed a couple billion years to the elements, the soil collected from the moon was the least helpful for growth. One solution might be to use newly－formed spots on the moon, like lava flows, for digging up soil. The soil environment also could be changed by adding special nutrient mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo crews that landed on the moon. Most of them are still locked away, forcing researchers to experiment with soil made of volcanic ash on Earth. NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil to the University of Florida researchers for the planting experiment. NASA said the timing for such an experiment was finally right, for it planned to put astronauts back on the planet in a few years. Then future astronauts would use local dirt for indoor planting instead of setting up an all－water system.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究。
Sharmila Bhattacharya, a NASA's program scientist for space biology, said, “The fact that anything grew means that we have a really good starting point, and now the question is how we improve.” The scientists hope to reuse their lunar soil later to plant more of the plant before possibly moving on to other plants.
1．How did Simon Gilroy feel about the experiment
A．Doubtful. B．Funny.
C．Positive. D．Useless.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“However, Simon Gilroy of ... ‘It is a big step forward.’(然而，威斯康星大学的Simon Gilroy(西蒙·吉尔罗伊)并没有参与这项研究，他说：‘这是向前迈出的一大步。’)”可推知，Simon Gilroy对这个实验的态度是积极的。故选C。
2．Why is the moon soil from lava flows friendly for growth
A．It is rich in some nutrient materials.
B．It contains more water.
C．No plant－eating insects collect in it.
D．Solar wind has changed it greatly.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“One solution might be ... adding special nutrient mixtures.(一种解决方案可能是利用月球上新形成的点，比如熔岩流，来挖掘土壤。 通过添加特殊的养分混合物也可以改变土壤环境。)”可推知，熔岩流形成的月球土壤有利于生长的原因是它含有丰富的营养物质。故选 A。
3．For what did NASA choose the time for the experiment
A．To draw more attention to it.
B．To collect data for planting on the moon.
C．To make full use of the limited moon soil.
D．To solve the food shortage on the moon.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“NASA said the timing ... on the planet in a few years.(美国国家航空航天局表示，进行这样一项实验的时机终于成熟了，因为它计划在几年内将宇航员送回月球。)”可推知，现在开展试验是在收集数据，以便实现在月球上种植。故选B。
4．What will the space biologists probably do immediately after the experiment
A．To grow crops without water.
B．To plant in volcanic ash.
C．To grow other plants in moon dirt.
D．To try more of the flowering plant.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The scientists hope to ... moving on to other plants.”可知，实验结束后太空生物科学家们将会种更多这种开花植物。故选D。
Ⅲ　语法填空
Picking tea leaves is __1__ important spring activity in South China. Ancient Chinese __2__ (agriculture) production has long been guided by solar terms, and so has tea production. Tea leaves are ready to pick before Qingming; tea __3__ (pick) at that time is called Mingqian tea. Because of the small output and good quality, Mingqian tea __4__ (consider) quite valuable.
China has been a big tea producing country since ancient times. According to official data, China's tea planting area __5__ (grow) in recent years, with an increase of more than 1.81 million hectares in 16 years since 2000 and __6__ (it) yearly tea production has ranked first in the world for several years in a row.
In spring, local hillsides are often filled with tea pickers as well as farmers __7__ (plant) on their land. __8__ tea farms in the countryside pick tea leaves forms the beautiful scenery which has also contributed to an increase in tourism in these places. Many families take their children to experience the fun of picking tea leaves during spring outings with __9__ (laugh) ringing in the mountains. Picking tea leaves reflects hard work of Chinese people, __10__ is one of the traditional virtues.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________
6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些中国的茶文化知识。
1．答案：an
2．答案：agricultural
3．答案：picked
解析：考查冠词。important spring activity表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且important的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词production应用形容词。故填agricultural。
解析：考查非谓语动词。pick和名词tea之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填picked。
4．答案：is considered
5．答案：has grown/has been growing
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，consider和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语Mingqian tea为不可数名词。故填is considered。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在；或用现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并还将继续下去。主语China's tea planting area表示单数概念。故填has grown/has been growing。
6．答案：its
7．答案：planting
8．答案：That
解析：考查代词。根据名词短语yearly tea production可知，此处应用it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
解析：考查非谓语动词。plant和farmers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填planting。
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，应用that引导。句首单词首字母应大写。故填That。
9．答案：laughter
10．答案：which
解析：考查词性转换。根据with可知，此处应用laugh的名词laughter作介词的宾语，laughter为不可数名词。故填laughter。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为hard work of Chinese people，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
精深阅读
Starch (淀粉) is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September.
“Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process，” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology，” Ma told China Daily.
The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol (甲醇), which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom，” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told China Daily. Scientists then piece these single－carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of super computing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch－making process from about 60 steps into 11.
“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural farming to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change，” a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家已经利用二氧化碳、氢和电制造出了淀粉。
The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.
1．What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch
A．It's extremely complex and inefficient.
B．It's more efficient than the natural method.
C．It's a way of dealing with global warming.
D．It's achievable through photosynthesis.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process”可知，马延和认为自然界产生淀粉的过程复杂而低效，由此可推知，他认为新方法比自然方法更有效。故选B。
2．The underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．translate B．mix
C．divide D．transform
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The first step ... carbon atom”可知，甲醇是只有一个碳原子的分子物质，且这种物质是由二氧化碳和氢气转化而成的。由此可推知，convert意为“转化，转变”。故选D。
3．What can be learned about the breakthrough
A．It can change the way of starch production.
B．It will be beneficial to people's health.
C．It can provide astronauts with delicious food.
D．It helps farmers rid traditional agricultural farming.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The new process ... industrial production.”可知，这项突破改变了淀粉生产的方式。故选A。
4．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Hungry for starch
B．Smart with starch
C．Secure about starch
D．Beneficial to many industries
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了中国科学家成功把二氧化碳合成淀粉。因此B项(智造淀粉)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
(一)学习重点词汇
1．majority(第一段)
majority n. ________________→major adj. ________________
2．inefficient(第三段)
inefficient adj. _________________→efficient
adj. __________________→efficiency n. ________________
多数，大多数
主要的，大部分的
无效率的，无能的
能干的；有效率的
效率，效能
熟义 n. _______________ She tried to tear a small piece off the edge.
她试图从边上撕下一小_____。
n. ____________ The vase lay in pieces on the floor.
花瓶______散落在地上。
生义 vt. _______________ _____________ We managed to piece together the truth from several sketchy accounts.
我们从几方面粗略的说法中设法______了真相。
vt. __________ She tried to piece together the cheque which he had just torn up.
她试图把他刚刚撕开的支票______起来。
片；块；段；截
3．piece(第五段)
块
碎片；碎块
碎片
整理证据(以发现真相)
弄清
拼接；拼凑
拼凑
4.simplify(第五段)
simplify v. ____________→simplification n. _________________→simple adj. ______________→simply adv. ________________
简化，精简
单纯化；简单化
简单的，简明的
仅仅，只；不过
Complex
(二)不看原文，请尝试将图中内容补充完整
inefficient
lab
produce food
11
climate change
secure food source
(三)翻译并背诵佳句
The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural farming to industrial production.
__________________________________________________________________
这一新工艺使淀粉生产从传统农业生产转向工业生产成为可能。