Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．related adj．有关系的，相关的
(1)be related to 与……有关
(2)relate v． 与……有联系；有关联
relate...to/with..． 把……与……联系起来
relate to 与……有关联
(3)relation n． 关系；联系
in/with relation to 关于；与……相比
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Many people in the area died from accidents _______(relate) to drinking alcohol．
②People usually relate happiness _______ money，which is quite wrong．
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯及缺少锻炼有关。
Health problems ______________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise．
2．diet n．日常饮食 v．节食；进行规定饮食
go on a diet 节食(表示动作)
be on a diet 在节食(表示状态)
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is obvious that she __________(diet) now，but in my opinion，it's not necessary．
②The girl is __ a diet，hoping to become slimmer someday．
③均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。
____________________________________ can help us keep healthy both physically and mentally．
3．addict n．对……着迷的人 v．使着迷；使沉迷于……
(1)addict oneself to 沉迷于……
(2)addicted adj． 入了迷的，上了瘾的
be/become/get addicted to...
沉迷于……
(3)addictive adj． 使人上瘾的
addiction n． 入迷，嗜好，瘾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Teenagers ________(addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression．
②Some students are now fighting their _________(addict) to computer games．
③由于缺乏自律，他们很容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because of their lack of self-discipline，they're easily _________________________．
4．tip n．指点，建议；尖，尖端；小费 v．给小费；(使)倾斜
[一词多义] 写出下列句中tip的含义
①Sorry，your name is just on the tip of my tongue． ___________
②She gave me a useful tip on growing tomatoes． _____________
③We don't need to leave a tip for the waiter，because there is a service charge included in the bill． _______
④She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service． _________
⑤The table tipped，and all our drinks fell on the floor． ___________
5．in case 以防万一；如果，假如
in case of 如果；假使
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in no case 决不(位于句首句子用倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
[名师点津] in case既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，还可以单独使用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I guess we have already talked about this question，but I'll ask you again just __ case．
②In fact，many people are at a loss as to what to do in case __ fire．
③__ is often the case，a small child will feel unhappy and cry a lot the first time he or she goes to kindergarten．
④无论困难多大，他决不会向它屈服。
__________________________ to the difficulty，no matter how great it is．(部分倒装)
6．trick n．诀窍，技巧，技法；诡计，花招 v．欺骗，诱骗
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb． 捉弄某人；对某人恶作剧
(2)trick sb．into doing sth． 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb．out of sth． 从某人处骗走某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①People in western countries like to play a trick __ others on April Fool's Day．
②He was tricked into _______(join) the club by a promise which was not kept．
③昨天那位老人被骗走了所有的积蓄。
The old man __________________ his life savings yesterday．
7．differ v．不同，不一样，有区别
(1)differ from 不同于，区别于
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb．on/over/about sth． 与某人在某问题上的意见不同
(2)difference n． 不同；区别
tell the difference between...and..． 区分……与……的差别
make a difference 有影响；重要，要紧
(3)different adj． 不同的；相异的
differently adv． 不同地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though we completely differ ____ each other __ character，we are still great friends．
②This picture is different ____ that one．Compare them and tell the difference _______ them．
③有时候，一个小小的善举可能足以产生巨大的影响。
Sometimes，a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to _________________．
8．recommend v．推荐；建议
(1)recommend sth．to sb．＝ recommend sb．sth．
向某人推荐某物
recommend sb．as... 推荐某人当……
(2)recommend doing sth． 建议做某事
recommend sb．to do sth． 建议某人做某事
recommend that...(should) do sth． 建议某人做某事(从句谓语动词用虚拟语气)
(3)recommendation n． 推荐；建议
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The doctor strongly recommended ________(limit) the amount of fat in my diet．
②My English teacher recommended me _____(go) in for the examination for stage four．
③With the school adviser's ______________(recommend)，he chose the courses that suit his interests．
④我想向你推荐一个供母语非汉语的人学习汉语的网站，尤其适合初学者。
I'd like to __________________________，one for non-Chinese speakers who are learning Chinese，especially for beginners．
P6
1．have the ability to do sth．有能力做某事
2．stay healthy 保持健康
3．the perfect solution 完美的解决方案
4．say no to chocolate 对巧克力说不
P7
1．good table manners 良好的餐桌礼仪
2．go on your first trip to the UK 第一次去英国旅行
3．no exception 无一例外
4．place the knife and fork together 把刀叉放在一起
5．a knife and fork 一副刀叉
6．cook through 煮熟
P8
1．favourite food 最喜欢的食物
2．soft drink 软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)
3．a salad without dressing 一份不加调料的沙拉
4．a glass of water 一杯水
P9
1．fat-free yoghurt 脱脂酸奶
2．if necessary 如果有必要
3．persuade sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事
4．give advice 给出建议
情态动词(1)
一、情态动词的特征
1．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形，即与不带to的不定式连用，才能构成谓语。
2．情态动词没有人称和数的变化(have to例外，主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to)。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1．be able to/can/could
(1)表示能力。be able to和can都表示能力，意义基本一致。但be able to可用于多种时态，而can只有现在式和过去式(could)。
She can/is able to play a few simple tunes on the piano．
她能用钢琴弹一些简单的曲子。
He tells us that he'll be able to be home for the holiday．
他告诉我们他将能回家休假。
[名师点津] was/were able to表示经过一番努力，最后做成了某事；而could表示过去一般的能力。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me．
我过了好久才能完全理解他们为我做的事情。
By the time she was eight，she could read Greek and Latin．
她8岁时就会读希腊文和拉丁文了。
(2)表示推测。can表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。有时也可用于肯定句表示理论上的可能性，could表示较小的可能性。
What can they be doing there
他们可能正在那里干什么？
He can't be in the classroom，for the light has been turned off．
他不可能在教室，因为灯已关了。
Everything can happen; everything is possible and probable．
任何事情都有可能发生， 没有什么是不可能的。
(3)表示请求和允许。在问句中，could比can语气更委婉。
—Could I use your bike
——我可以用你的自行车吗？
—Of course you can．
——当然可以。
[即时训练1] 选词填空(can，could，be able to)
①She _____ play several instruments at the age of eight．
②_____ I have a word with you，if you're not too busy
③He won't __________ come again tomorrow because he is very busy．
④Parents are doing all they ___ to help their children achieve their ambitions．
2．have to/must
(1)have to意为“不得不”，一般指客观，有时态和数的变化；而must意为“必须；应该”，一般指主观，没有时态和数的变化。
She has to do it herself．She has got no one to help her．
她不得不自己做，没有人帮她。
We must do everything step by step．
我们必须循序渐进地做一切。
(2)have to的否定式意为“不必”，而mustn't表禁止。
You don't have to buy a gift，but you can if you want to．
你没必要买一个礼物，但是如果你想的话可以买一个。
You mustn't park here! It's an emergency exit．
你不可以在这里停车！这是紧急出口。
(3)must表示推测，意为“一定会”，只能用于肯定句。
He must be ill．He looks so pale．
他一定是病了，他的脸色如此苍白。
(4)if you must (do sth．)表示虽不赞同但可允许，意为“如果你一定要(那么做)”。
If you must smoke，please go out．
如果你硬要吸烟，那就出去吧。
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①最后一趟班车已开走了，他只好步行回家。
The last bus had gone，so he ______________________．
②如果你非要走的话，至少也要等到暴风雨结束。
______________，at least wait until the storm is over．
③我们不必慌，因为时间很充裕。
We ___________________．For there is plenty of time．
④法律规定禁止人们酒后驾车。
The law states that people _____________ after drinking alcohol．
3．had better
had better do sth．意为“最好做某事”，否定形式为had better not do sth．。
We had better start off now or we'll miss the flight．
我们最好现在出发，否则会赶不上这趟航班。
[即时训练3] 完成句子
①我们最好在做出最后决定之前仔细考虑一下。
We ________________________ before making the final decision．
②雨下得很大，你最好不要现在回家。
It's raining cats and dogs，so you __________________________．
4．need/dare
need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，dare有时态变化。另外，need和dare也可用作实义动词。
You needn't worry about him．
你不必为他担心。
She dare not go out alone at night．
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
[即时训练4] 完成句子
①我喜欢周末，因为不必早起。
I love the weekend，because I __________________________________．
②他很害羞以至不敢在公众场合大声说话。
He is so shy that he _______________________________________________．
用适当的情态动词完成短文
Mary 1．_____ not read for very long because of sore eyes．Her best friend suggested her having an eye examination．“You 2．__________ go to the Health Service and have your eyes examined，” her friend said．
When Mary arrived at the Health Service，she found many people queuing up there．So she 3．______ wait for her turn．When it was her turn，the doctor examined her eyes carefully and said，“I 4．____ say you don't pay attention to protecting your eyes．But you 5．_____________________ worry about it．Use some medicine and don't make your eyes too tired，and soon you will 6．__________ recover．”
This experience taught Mary the importance of protecting eyes．“There is nothing serious with my eyes，but from now on I 7．____ try to protect my eyes，” she said．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①put...to the test 使……受考验/检验
②lifestyle n．生活方式
③belong to 属于(无进行时态和被动语态)
※belong v．属于
④recognise v．认出，辨认出
⑤swing v．(使)(前后)摆动，(使)摇摆
※there's not enough room to swing a cat (地方或空间)小的无法转身
⑥end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来
※end up doing 结果……，到头来……
⑦honey n．蜂蜜
⑧right now 现在，立刻，马上
⑨avoid v．避免，避开
※avoid doing sth．避免做某事
⑩dairy-free adj．不是动物乳制成的
seasonal adj．季节性的，时令的
catch up (on) 打听(不在时所发生的事情)，别后叙谈
bring up 抚养，养育
construction n．建造，建筑
more or less 或多或少
satisfying adj．令人高兴的，令人满意的
homemade adj．自制的，家里做的
chef n．厨师
pretty adv．很，非常，相当
a big shop 大型采购
convenient adj．方便的，便利的
be busy doing sth．忙于做某事
kind of 有点，稍微
Cold Truths
Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”[1] We put this to the test① by asking five people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles②．Can you guess which fridge belongs to③ which person Maybe you can recognise④ your own fridge here!
Ellie 24 Junior doctor
There's not enough room to swing⑤ a cat in my small apartment，so I don't cook very often．My fridge is usually half empty and I'm often too tired to eat much anyway[2]．I often end up⑥ saving part of my meal for the next day．Some evenings，I'll just have something quick，like toast，or even just a yoghurt with honey⑦．As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat[3]，but I just don't have the time or the energy right now⑧．
[2]too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
[3]the way后的I eat为省略关系词(that/in which)的定语从句。
Jenny 31 Teacher
My husband and I avoid⑨ all products that come from animals[4]．This means we don't eat meat，and any milk or cheese had better be dairy-free⑩．We like cooking at home and make our meals from fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables．Cooking together[5] gives us a chance to relax[6] and catch up on each other's days．If we have children，I want to bring them up just like us，but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices．
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词products，由于products前有all，故引导词用that而不用which。
[5]此处为动词-ing形式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。
[6]to relax为不定式作后置定语，修饰a chance。
Ted 35 Construction worker
Each day at the construction site is more or less the same—tiring! When I get back home，there's nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner[7]．I guess I've always been a big meat eater and in this house，no family meal is complete without some form of meat[8]．I still don't think that anything can beat my mum's homemade sausages[9]，though．
[7]此处“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
[8]no...without 为双重否定结构。
[9]此句为否定转移，即对宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句动词think上。
Mike 49 Chef
With five children，we're one big family! My wife and I both work full-time，so life can get pretty busy! Like a lot of chefs I know[10]，I don't really do much cooking at home．Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work[11]．Once a week，we do a big shop and buy a lot of frozen food．I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient ．
[10]此处为省略关系词that/who(m)的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。
[11]此处关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the restaurant。
Max 19 College student
There are five of us living in our shared student house[12]．My mum says I need to have three healthy meals a day，but I'm too busy studying and meeting friends! We don't really buy fresh food，and I suppose the fridge could be kind of cleaner...I daren't let my mum see this photo!
[12]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰five of us，其中shared是过去分词，修饰student house。
冰箱真相
俗话说“人如其食”，这是真的吗？为了检验这句话，我们邀请五个人打开自己的冰箱，并聊聊他们的生活方式。你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？也许你能在这里看到自家冰箱的影子哦！
埃莉 24岁 实习医生
我的小公寓连转身的空间都没有，所以我不常做饭。我的冰箱通常都是半空的，反正我也经常累得吃不下多少。我常常会把一部分饭菜留到第二天吃。有的晚上，我会只吃些快捷食品，比如吐司，或者只是酸奶配蜂蜜。作为医生，我知道我最好改变这种饮食方式，但我现在完全没有时间和精力。
珍妮 31岁 教师
我和我丈夫什么动物制品都不吃。这意味着我们不吃肉，奶或奶酪也最好不是动物乳制成的。我们喜欢在家做饭，用新鲜的时令水果和蔬菜来烹饪。一起做饭给了我们放松的机会，也让我们有机会聊聊彼此日常的情况。如果有了孩子，我想按照我们的生活方式养育他们，但我丈夫说，每个人都应该有权选择自己的生活方式。
特德 35岁 建筑工人
建筑工地上每天都差不多——累！回家后，什么都比不上一顿肉食大餐更让人心满意足了。我想我一直都挺爱吃肉的，在我家没有一顿饭是完全没有肉的。不过，我还是觉得什么也比不上我妈妈做的香肠。
迈克 49岁 厨师
我们有五个孩子，是一个大家庭！我和我的妻子都有全职工作，所以日子过得相当忙碌！就像我认识的许多厨师一样，我在家里并不怎么做饭。有时候我会从上班的餐馆带一些吃的回来。我们每周大采购一次，会买许多速冻食品。我知道我们应该多吃些新鲜水果和蔬菜，但是即食食品真的很方便。
马克斯 19岁 大学生
我们五个人共住一间学生公寓。妈妈常说，每日三餐要吃得健康，但我的学习和社交生活太忙了！我们不怎么买新鲜食物，而且我觉得冰箱应该再干净点儿……我可不敢让我妈妈看到这张照片！
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①related ②with/to ③are related to
2．①is dieting ②on ③A balanced diet and regular exercise
3．①addicted ②addiction ③addicted to chatting online or playing games
4．①n．尖，尖端 ②n．指点，建议 ③n．小费 ④v．给小费 ⑤v．(使)倾斜
5．①in ②of ③As ④In no case will he give in
6．①on ②joining ③was tricked out of
7．①from；in ②from；between ③make a huge difference
8．①limiting ②to go ③recommendation ④recommend a website to you
词块积累
P6
1．have the ability to do sth． 2．stay healthy 3．the perfect solution 4．say no to chocolate
P7
1．good table manners 2．go on your first trip to the UK 3．no exception 4．place the knife and fork together 5．a knife and fork 6．cook through
P8
1．favourite food 2．soft drink 3．a salad without dressing 4．a glass of water
P9
1．fat free yoghurt 2．if necessary 3．persuade sb．to do sth． 4．give advice
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①could ②Could ③be able to ④can
[即时训练2]
①had to go home on foot ②If you must go ③don't have to hurry ④mustn't drive
[即时训练3]
①had better think it over ②had better not go home now
[即时训练4]
①needn't/don't need to get up early ②dare not/doesn't dare to speak loudly in public
巩固落实
1．could 2．had better 3．had to 4．dare 5．needn't/don't have to 6．be able to 7．must
1 / 1(共57张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 1 Food for thought
主题语境
人与社会——不同民族文化习俗
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)be related to 与……有关
(2)relate v． 与……有联系；有关联
relate...to/with… 把……与……联系起来
relate to 与……有关联
(3)relation n． 关系；联系
in/with relation to 关于；与……相比
1．related adj．有关系的，相关的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Many people in the area died from accidents _______(relate) to drinking alcohol．
②People usually relate happiness _______ money，which is quite wrong．
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯及缺少锻炼有关。
Health problems ______________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise．
related
with/to
are related to
go on a diet 节食(表示动作)
be on a diet 在节食(表示状态)
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
2．diet n．日常饮食 v．节食；进行规定饮食
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is obvious that she __________(diet) now，but in my opinion，it's not necessary．
②The girl is __ a diet，hoping to become slimmer someday．
③均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。
_______________________________ can help us keep healthy both physically and mentally．
is dieting
on
A balanced diet and regular exercise
(1)addict oneself to 沉迷于……
(2)addicted adj． 入了迷的，上了瘾的
be/become/get addicted to... 沉迷于……
(3)addictive adj． 使人上瘾的
addiction n． 入迷，嗜好，瘾
3．addict n．对……着迷的人 v．使着迷；使沉迷于……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Teenagers ________(addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression．
②Some students are now fighting their _________(addict) to computer games．
③由于缺乏自律，他们很容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because of their lack of self-discipline，they're easily ____________________________________________．
addicted
addiction
addicted to
chatting online or playing games
[一词多义] 写出下列句中tip的含义
①Sorry，your name is just on the tip of my tongue． ___________
②She gave me a useful tip on growing tomatoes． _____________
③We don't need to leave a tip for the waiter，because there is a service charge included in the bill． _______
④She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service． _________
⑤The table tipped，and all our drinks fell on the floor． ___________
4．tip n．指点，建议；尖，尖端；小费 v．给小费；(使)倾斜
n．尖，尖端
n．指点，建议
n．小费
v．给小费
v．(使)倾斜
in case of 如果；假使
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in no case 决不(位于句首句子用倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
5．in case 以防万一；如果，假如
[名师点津] in case既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，还可以单独使用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I guess we have already talked about this question，but I'll ask you again just __ case．
②In fact，many people are at a loss as to what to do in case __ fire．
③____ is often the case，a small child will feel unhappy and cry a lot the first time he or she goes to kindergarten．
④无论困难多大，他决不会向它屈服。
_____________________ to the difficulty，no matter how great it is．(部分倒装)
in
of
As
In no case will he give in
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb． 捉弄某人；对某人恶作剧
(2)trick sb．into doing sth． 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb．out of sth． 从某人处骗走某物
6．trick n．诀窍，技巧，技法；诡计，花招 v．欺骗，诱骗
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①People in western countries like to play a trick ____ others on April Fool's Day．
②He was tricked into _______(join) the club by a promise which was not kept．
③昨天那位老人被骗走了所有的积蓄。
The old man _______________ his life savings yesterday．
on
joining
was tricked out of
(1)differ from 不同于，区别于
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb．on/over/about sth 与某人在某问题上的意见不同
(2)difference n． 不同；区别
tell the difference between...and ... 区分……与……的差别
make a difference 有影响；重要，要紧
(3)different adj． 不同的；相异的
differently adv． 不同地
7．differ v．不同，不一样，有区别
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though we completely differ ____ each other __ character，we are still great friends．
②This picture is different ____ that one．Compare them and tell the difference _______ them．
③有时候，一个小小的善举可能足以产生巨大的影响。
Sometimes，a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to ____________________．
from
in
from
between
make a huge difference
(1)recommend sth．to sb．＝ recommend sb．sth．
向某人推荐某物
recommend sb．as... 推荐某人当……
(2)recommend doing sth． 建议做某事
recommend sb．to do sth． 建议某人做某事
recommend that...(should) do sth． 建议某人做某事
(从句谓语动词用虚拟语气)
(3)recommendation n． 推荐；建议
8．recommend v．推荐；建议
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The doctor strongly recommended ________(limit) the amount of fat in my diet．
②My English teacher recommended me _________(go) in for the examination for stage four．
③With the school adviser's ______________(recommend)，he chose the courses that suit his interests．
limiting
to go
recommendation
④我想向你推荐一个供母语非汉语的人学习汉语的网站，尤其适合初学者。
I'd like to ________________________，one for non-Chinese speakers who are learning Chinese，especially for beginners．
recommend a website to you
P6
1．have the ability to do sth．有能力做某事
2．stay healthy 保持健康
3．the perfect solution 完美的解决方案
4．say no to chocolate 对巧克力说不
P7
1．good table manners 良好的餐桌礼仪
2．go on your first trip to the UK 第一次去英国旅行
3．no exception 无一例外
4．place the knife and fork together 把刀叉放在一起
5．a knife and fork 一副刀叉
6．cook through 煮熟
P8
1．favourite food 最喜欢的食物
2．soft drink 软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)
3．a salad without dressing 一份不加调料的沙拉
4．a glass of water 一杯水
P9
1．fat-free yoghurt 脱脂酸奶
2．if necessary 如果有必要
3．persuade sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事
4．give advice 给出建议
情态动词(1)
一、情态动词的特征
1．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形，即与不带to的不定式连用，才能构成谓语。
2．情态动词没有人称和数的变化(have to例外，主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to)。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1．be able to/can/could
(1)表示能力。be able to和can都表示能力，意义基本一致。但be able to可用于多种时态，而can只有现在式和过去式(could)。
She can/is able to play a few simple tunes on the piano．
她能用钢琴弹一些简单的曲子。
He tells us that he'll be able to be home for the holiday．
他告诉我们他将能回家休假。
[名师点津] was/were able to表示经过一番努力，最后做成了某事；而could表示过去一般的能力。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me．
我过了好久才能完全理解他们为我做的事情。
By the time she was eight，she could read Greek and Latin．
她8岁时就会读希腊文和拉丁文了。
(2)表示推测。can表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。有时也可用于肯定句表示理论上的可能性，could表示较小的可能性。
What can they be doing there
他们可能正在那里干什么？
He can't be in the classroom，for the light has been turned off．
他不可能在教室，因为灯已关了。
Everything can happen; everything is possible and probable．
任何事情都有可能发生， 没有什么是不可能的。
(3)表示请求和允许。在问句中，could比can语气更委婉。
—Could I use your bike
——我可以用你的自行车吗？
—Of course you can．
——当然可以。
[即时训练1] 选词填空(can，could，be able to)
①She _____ play several instruments at the age of eight．
②_____ I have a word with you，if you're not too busy
③He won't __________ come again tomorrow because he is very busy．
④Parents are doing all they _____ to help their children achieve their ambitions．
could
Could
be able to
can
2．have to/must
(1)have to意为“不得不”，一般指客观，有时态和数的变化；而must意为“必须；应该”，一般指主观，没有时态和数的变化。
She has to do it herself．She has got no one to help her．
她不得不自己做，没有人帮她。
We must do everything step by step．
我们必须循序渐进地做一切。
(2)have to的否定式意为“不必”，而mustn't表禁止。
You don't have to buy a gift，but you can if you want to．
你没必要买一个礼物，但是如果你想的话可以买一个。
You mustn't park here! It's an emergency exit．
你不可以在这里停车！这是紧急出口。
(3)must表示推测，意为“一定会”，只能用于肯定句。
He must be ill．He looks so pale．
他一定是病了，他的脸色如此苍白。
(4)if you must (do sth．)表示虽不赞同但可允许，意为“如果你一定要(那么做)”。
If you must smoke，please go out．
如果你硬要吸烟，那就出去吧。
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①最后一趟班车已开走了，他只好步行回家。
The last bus had gone，so he ______________________．
②如果你非要走的话，至少也要等到暴风雨结束。
_____________，at least wait until the storm is over．
③我们不必慌，因为时间很充裕。
We ___________________．For there is plenty of time．
④法律规定禁止人们酒后驾车。
The law states that people _____________ after drinking alcohol．
had to go home on foot
If you must go
don't have to hurry
mustn't drive
3．had better
had better do sth．意为“最好做某事”，否定形式为had better not do sth．。
We had better start off now or we'll miss the flight．
我们最好现在出发，否则会赶不上这趟航班。
[即时训练3] 完成句子
①我们最好在做出最后决定之前仔细考虑一下。
We ___________________ before making the final decision．
②雨下得很大，你最好不要现在回家。
It's raining cats and dogs，so you __________________________．
had better think it over
had better not go home now
4．need/dare
need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，dare有时态变化。另外，need和dare也可用作实义动词。
You needn't worry about him．
你不必为他担心。
She dare not go out alone at night．
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
[即时训练4] 完成句子
①我喜欢周末，因为不必早起。
I love the weekend，because I _______________________________．
②他很害羞以至不敢在公众场合大声说话。
He is so shy that he ________________________________________．
needn't/don't need to get up early
dare not/doesn't dare to speak loudly in public
用适当的情态动词完成短文
Mary 1．_____ not read for very long because of sore eyes．Her best friend suggested her having an eye examination．“You 2．__________ go to the Health Service and have your eyes examined，” her friend said．
could
had better
When Mary arrived at the Health Service，she found many people queuing up there．So she 3．______ wait for her turn．When it was her turn，the doctor examined her eyes carefully and said，“I 4．____ say you don't pay attention to protecting your eyes．But you 5．_____________________ worry about it．Use some medicine and don't make your eyes too tired，and soon you will 6．__________ recover．”
This experience taught Mary the importance of protecting eyes．“There is nothing serious with my eyes，but from now on I 7．____ try to protect my eyes，” she said．
had to
dare
needn't/don't have to
be able to
must
①put...to the test 使……受考验/检验
②lifestyle n．生活方式
③belong to 属于(无进行时态和被动语态)
※belong v．属于
④recognise v．认出，辨认出
⑤swing v．(使)(前后)摆动，(使)摇摆
※there's not enough room to swing a cat (地方或空间)小的无法转身
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑥end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来
※end up doing 结果……，到头来……
⑦honey n．蜂蜜
⑧right now 现在，立刻，马上
⑨avoid v．避免，避开
※avoid doing sth．避免做某事
⑩dairy-free adj．不是动物乳制成的
seasonal adj．季节性的，时令的
catch up (on) 打听(不在时所发生的事情)，别后叙谈
bring up 抚养，养育
construction n．建造，建筑
more or less 或多或少
satisfying adj．令人高兴的，令人满意的
homemade adj．自制的，家里做的
chef n．厨师
pretty adv．很，非常，相当
a big shop 大型采购
convenient adj．方便的，便利的
be busy doing sth．忙于做某事
kind of 有点，稍微
Cold Truths
Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”[1] We put this to the test① by asking five people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles②．Can you guess which fridge belongs to③ which person Maybe you can recognise④ your own fridge here!
Ellie 24 Junior doctor
There's not enough room to swing⑤ a cat in my small apartment，so I don't cook very often．My fridge is usually half empty and I'm often too tired to eat much anyway[2]．I often end up⑥ saving part of my meal for the next day．Some evenings，I'll just have something quick，like toast，or even just a yoghurt with honey⑦．As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat[3]，but I just don't have the time or the energy right now⑧．
[2]too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
[3]the way后的I eat为省略关系词(that/in which)的定语从句。
Jenny 31 Teacher
My husband and I avoid⑨ all products that come from animals[4]．This means we don't eat meat，and any milk or cheese had better be dairy-free⑩．We like cooking at home and make our meals from fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables．Cooking together[5] gives us a chance to relax[6] and catch up on each other's days．If we have children，I want to bring them up just like us，but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices．
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词products，由于products前有all，故引导词用that而不用which。
[5]此处为动词-ing形式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。
[6]to relax为不定式作后置定语，修饰a chance。
Ted 35 Construction worker
Each day at the construction site is more or less the same—tiring! When I get back home，there's nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner[7]．I guess I've always been a big meat eater and in this house，no family meal is complete without some form of meat[8]．I still don't think that anything can beat my mum's homemade sausages[9]，though．
[7]此处“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
[8]no...without 为双重否定结构。
[9]此句为否定转移，即对宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句动词think上。
Mike 49 Chef
With five children，we're one big family! My wife and I both work full-time，so life can get pretty busy! Like a lot of chefs I know[10]，I don't really do much cooking at home．Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work[11]．Once a week，we do a big shop and buy a lot of frozen food．I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient ．
[10]此处为省略关系词that/who(m)的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。
[11]此处关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the restaurant。
Max 19 College student
There are five of us living in our shared student house[12]．My mum says I need to have three healthy meals a day，but I'm too busy studying and meeting friends! We don't really buy fresh food，and I suppose the fridge could be kind of cleaner...I daren't let my mum see this photo!
[12]动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰five of us，其中shared是过去分词，修饰student house。
冰箱真相
俗话说“人如其食”，这是真的吗？为了检验这句话，我们邀请五个人打开自己的冰箱，并聊聊他们的生活方式。你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？也许你能在这里看到自家冰箱的影子哦！
埃莉 24岁 实习医生
我的小公寓连转身的空间都没有，所以我不常做饭。我的冰箱通常都是半空的，反正我也经常累得吃不下多少。我常常会把一部分饭菜留到第二天吃。有的晚上，我会只吃些快捷食品，比如吐司，或者只是酸奶配蜂蜜。作为医生，我知道我最好改变这种饮食方式，但我现在完全没有时间和精力。
珍妮 31岁 教师
我和我丈夫什么动物制品都不吃。这意味着我们不吃肉，奶或奶酪也最好不是动物乳制成的。我们喜欢在家做饭，用新鲜的时令水果和蔬菜来烹饪。一起做饭给了我们放松的机会，也让我们有机会聊聊彼此日常的情况。如果有了孩子，我想按照我们的生活方式养育他们，但我丈夫说，每个人都应该有权选择自己的生活方式。
特德 35岁 建筑工人
建筑工地上每天都差不多——累！回家后，什么都比不上一顿肉食大餐更让人心满意足了。我想我一直都挺爱吃肉的，在我家没有一顿饭是完全没有肉的。不过，我还是觉得什么也比不上我妈妈做的香肠。
迈克 49岁 厨师
我们有五个孩子，是一个大家庭！我和我的妻子都有全职工作，所以日子过得相当忙碌！就像我认识的许多厨师一样，我在家里并不怎么做饭。有时候我会从上班的餐馆带一些吃的回来。我们每周大采购一次，会买许多速冻食品。我知道我们应该多吃些新鲜水果和蔬菜，但是即食食品真的很方便。
马克斯 19岁 大学生
我们五个人共住一间学生公寓。妈妈常说，每日三餐要吃得健康，但我的学习和社交生活太忙了！我们不怎么买新鲜食物，而且我觉得冰箱应该再干净点儿……我可不敢让我妈妈看到这张照片！
THANKS
