Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．grateful adj．感谢的，感激的
(1)be grateful to sb．for sth． 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth． 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激……
I would be grateful if you can/could...
如果你能……我将感激不尽。
(2)gratefully adv． 感激地
gratitude n． 感激之情；感谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm so grateful __ all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily．
②When getting married，a couple kneel on the floor and pass the tea to their parents to express their _________(grateful)．
③如果你能帮我一把，我将不胜感激。
________________________________ lend me a helping hand．
2．absorbed adj．专心致志的
(1)be absorbed in 专心致志于
(2)absorb v． 吸收；吸引注意力；使专心
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
(3)absorbing adj． 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①With the children making so much noise outside，I can't get absorbed __ my study．
②The novel was so _________(absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep．
③John was very absorbed in painting and he didn't notice the evening approaching．
→_____________________________________ he didn't notice the evening approaching．(so...that...的倒装句)
→____________________，John didn't notice the evening approaching．(形容词短语作状语)
3．put on 表演(节目)；穿上，戴上；假装，装作；增加(体重)
[一词多义] 写出下列句中 put on的含义
①The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to work． ____
②He was very nervous，but did his best to put on a calm look． __________
③He did a great deal of exercise so as not to put on weight． ____
④The band is hoping to put on a show before the end of the year． ____
put away 把……收好，把……放回原处
put down 记下；放下；镇压
put up 举起；张贴；建造；投宿
put off 推迟，延期
put out 扑灭，熄灭
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
⑤Don't put ___ until tomorrow what can be done today．
⑥To make space in the bedroom，she put ____ her winter clothes．
⑦咱们在音乐会上要是表演不好， 那就太羞耻了。
It would be a shame if ___________________________ at the concert．
4．appealing adj．有吸引力的，有趣的
(1)be appealing to sb． 对某人有吸引力
(2)appeal n． 吸引力，魅力，呼吁
v． 呼吁，恳求，上诉
make an appeal to sb．for/to do sth．
呼吁某人做某事
appeal (to sb．) for sth． (向某人)恳求/呼吁某事
appeal to sb．to do sth． 呼吁/请求某人做某事
sth．appeal to sb． 某物对某人有吸引力； 某物使某人感兴趣
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①TV shopping is _________(appeal)because you can buy things easily without going out．
②If you make an appeal to him ___ help，he will certainly lend you a hand．
③我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时的时间来进行锻炼。
Our school _______________________________________________________________________________ to take exercise．
5．arrangement n．安排，筹划
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for
为……做出安排
make arrangements/an arrangement with sb．
与某人商定或约好
(2)arrange v． 安排；筹备；整理
arrange (for sb．/sth．)to do sth． 计划安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb．about/doingsth． 就(做)某事和某人达成协议
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'll make an ___________(arrange) for you to be met at the airport．
②We arranged _______(meet)at the cinema at 7：30，but he failed to turn up．
③父母为孩子们安排一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents ______________________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success．
P54
1．____________________________用英语口语或书面语
2．__________________选择做某事
P55
1．___________________________多亏……的支持
2．____________________ 克服某人的恐惧
3．___________________________ 一次难忘的经历
4．____________ 或多或少
5．__________________ 充满色彩
6．______________________ 迫不及待地想再去一次
P56
1．______________________________ 表演很精彩
2．___________ 在野外
3．_______________ 浪费时间
4．_______________________做某事很兴奋
5．__________________________________ 以如此惊人和神奇的方式
P57
1．_____________ 捐给慈善事业
2．_____________ ……的数量
3．_____________ 增长到……
4．________________ 参加音乐会
动词-ing形式作状语
一、动词-ing形式作状语时的形式
主动形式 被动形式 时态意义
一般式 doing being done 动词-ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Tom ran away as fast as he could．
看见陌生人朝他走来了，小汤姆尽可能快地跑开了。
Having studied English for three years，he could read brief stories in English．
由于学习了三年英语，他能用英语读简单的故事。
Being well taken care of，she is recovering quickly．
由于受到了很好的照顾，她正在快速恢复。
Having been told many times，he still couldn't answer the question．
尽管已经被告知多次，他仍然不能回答这个问题。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①_______(read)carefully，he found something he hadn't known before．
②_____________(work)for a whole day，the secretary looked exhausted．
③_________________(show) around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest．
二、动词-ing形式作状语表示的各种意义
动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、行为方式或伴随状况。表示行为方式和伴随状况时，通常相当于一个并列分句；表示其他意义时，相当于相应的状语从句。
1．时间状语
Hearing the good news，they went wild with joy．
(＝When they heard the good news，they went wild with joy．)
听到这个消息，他们欣喜若狂。
Having finished his summary，he went out for a walk．
(＝When he had finished his summary，he went out for a walk．)
他写完总结后，就外出散步了。
2．原因状语
Getting up late，he missed the early bus．
(＝Because he got up late，he missed the early bus．)
由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班车。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．
(＝Because I had been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．)
由于那天晚上我被要求加班，我错过了一部好影片。
3．条件状语
Working hard，you will pass the exam．
(＝If you work hard，you will pass the exam．)
努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。
Going straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．
(＝If you go straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．)
沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。
4．让步状语
Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me．
(＝Although he knows where I live，he never comes to see me．)
尽管知道我住哪里，但他从不来看我。
Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．
(＝Although he had tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．)
尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。
5．结果状语
He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry．
(＝He comes home late every evening so that he makes his wife very angry．)
他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。
The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm．
(＝The boy fell off his bike so that he broke his left arm．)
男孩从他的自行车上摔了下来，弄折了他的左胳膊。
6．伴随或方式状语
The children ran out of the classroom，laughing and talking merrily．
(＝The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked merrily．)
孩子们跑出了教室，高兴地笑着并交谈着。
He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses．
(＝He suddenly appeared in class one day，and he was wearing sunglasses．)
一天他突然戴着太阳镜出现在班里。
[即时训练2] 句型转换
①When she saw nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note．
→_____________________，she decided to leave them a note．
②All the students sat in the classroom，and they were waiting for their new teacher．
→All the students sat in the classroom，_____________________________．
③Although he worked as hard as he could，he didn't pass the exam．
→___________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
④Because he had worked among the workers for many years，he knew them very well．
→______________________________________________，he knew them very well．
三、动词-ing形式作状语需注意的问题
1．动词-ing形式作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上从属连词。常用的连词有：when，while，if，unless，though/although等。有时“从属连词＋动词-ing形式”可以视为状语从句的省略。
Don't talk while having dinner (＝while you are having dinner)．
吃饭时不要说话。
Though working hard(＝Though he worked hard)，he couldn't earn enough money to pay off his debt．
尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。
2．动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not或never。
She was puzzled，not knowing what had happened．
她迷惑了，不知道发生了什么。
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam．
由于没有尽最大努力，他没通过这次考试。
3．动词-ing形式与独立主格结构作状语时的比较
动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语要与主句的主语相一致，如果不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式是独立主格结构。
Arriving at the station，he found the train had left．
到达车站时，他发现火车已经开了。(句子的主语he是arriving的逻辑主语)
She walked along the path，her daughter following closely behind．
她沿着小路走，女儿跟在后面。(following的逻辑主语是her daughter，而不是句子的主语she)
[名师点津] 有少数动词-ing形式没有逻辑主语，也不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，它们被称作动词-ing固定用语。常见的有：generally speaking(一般来说)，judging from/by...(根据……来判断)，talking of...(说到或提到……)等。
Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English．
一般来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。
Judging from his accent，he must be from the south．
从他的口音判断，他一定来自南方。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When _______(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us．
②_______(judge)from his expression，he was frightened of spiders．
③时间允许的话，我们将会在动身前去拜访他。
_______________，we will pay a visit to him before we leave．
④不知道如何处理这种困难的状况，他向老师求助。
____________________________________________________，he turned to his teacher for help．
用括号内单词的适当形式完成短文
An old man went to a doctor，1．___________(complain) about a pain in his leg．The doctor checked out his leg，but found everything right．2．____________(give) the old guy a full physical examination，the doctor still couldn't come up with any possible explanations for the pain．
3．_______(hand)the patient his bill，the doctor said，“I'm sorry but the pain in your leg is simply due to old age．”4．_______(hear)what the doctor explained about the pain，the old man answered，“That's impossible．”
When 5．_____(ask) why he said so，the old man said，“Honestly 6．________(speak)，I'm not a doctor but it doesn't take a medical degree 7．_______(tell) that you are mistaken．My two legs 8．_____(be)of the same age，the other leg feels just fine．”
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①brief adj．短暂的
②(be)based on 以……为根据
③question v．质疑
④all too often 时常，经常
⑤end up 最终处于，到头来
※end up doing...以做……结束
⑥turn...into...把……变成……
⑦cinematic adj．电影的
⑧turkey n．(电影或戏剧的)失败之作
⑨storytelling n．讲故事，说书
⑩be praised as 被誉为
wonderland n．(故事中的)仙境，奇境
escape v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱
disappointed adj．失望的，沮丧的
epic adj．史诗般的；壮丽的，宏大的
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
questionable adj．可疑的，有问题的
play the part of...扮演……角色
live up to 符合(标准)，不负(盛名)
extent n．程度
※to some extent 在某种程度上
with...in mind 把……记在心里
in one's own right 凭借自身，靠自己
original adj．原先的，最初的
turn to 转向
(be)glued to 被吸引到
Good Book，Bad Movie
They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”，but the briefest① look at books and the movies based on② them would have anyone questioning③ this common saying[1]．All too often④，great words end up⑤ being turned into⑥ cinematic⑦ “turkeys⑧”．
[1]此处为have sb．doing sth．，意为“让某人做某事”，其中doing sth．作宾补。
Good movies need good stories．If so[2]，why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling⑨，Homer's The Odyssey，never had an equally great movie based on it Movies need strong characters．So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as⑩“great”？ Movies of course need impressive images，so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”？
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours[3]．This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen[4]．This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from，with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions[5]．
[3]此处that引导表语从句，其中包含while引导的表对比的并列句。
[4]此处that引导宾语从句，作means的宾语，其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。
[5]此处为with复合结构，在句中作状语，其中not to see...为不定式作原因状语。
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books[6]．Take，for example，the epic movie Troy，which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience[7]．The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen．Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent [8]．
[6]此处when引导时间状语从句，其中the way后面是省略关系词that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Troy。
[8]此处influencing...为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes．Furthermore，books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules．With this in mind ，perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right ，and not against its original source．Interestingly，audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men，which can have many characters and gradual plot development．Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby[9]．
[9]此处find themselves glued to...为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中过去分词短语glued to...作宾补。
好书，坏电影？
人们常说“一图胜千词”，但是简单对照一下书籍和由之改编的电影，就会让人开始质疑这种说法。很多时候，优秀的文字作品最终却变成了失败的电影。
好电影需要好故事。若是这样，那为什么西方最早、最优秀的叙事文本之一——荷马的《奥德赛》从来没有产生过同样优秀的改编电影呢？电影需要个性鲜明的人物。那为什么由《了不起的盖茨比》改编的电影从未被赞为“了不起”呢？电影当然需要令人印象深刻的画面，那为什么由《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改编的电影最多也只能被称为“有点意思”呢？
这背后的一个重要原因就是，一本书通常需要花几天的时间来阅读，而看一部电影一般不会超过两小时。这就意味着好书被搬上大银幕之后，会被删减一些情节和人物。这是连大获成功的“哈利·波特”系列电影也无法避免的事情，有的书迷因为在电影中看不到自己最喜欢的一些角色而大失所望。
电影呈现出的事物与我们读书时的想象有落差时，我们也会备感失望。以史诗电影《特洛伊》为例，它部分改编自荷马的《伊利亚特》，观众对它的评论毁誉参半。其中最受争议的问题在于扮演海伦的女演员。许多人认为她配不上海伦“世上最美的女人”这一称号，这一定程度上影响到了人们对这部电影的评价。
一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特。而且书籍和电影是两种不同的媒体形式，因此也遵循不同的原则。知道了这一点，也许我们应该从电影本身来评价它，而不是将其与原著进行对比。值得注意的是，观众已经逐渐将兴趣转向了《神探夏洛克》或《广告狂人》这样的电视连续剧，因为电视剧能展现更多人物，情节也得以逐步展开。也许有一天，F．斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最杰出作品的读者们，会发现自己已被《了不起的盖茨比》的剧集深深吸引。
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①to ②gratitude ③I would be grateful if you could
2．①in ②absorbing ③So absorbed was John in painting that；Absorbed in painting
3．①戴上 ②假装，装作 ③增加 ④表演 ⑤off ⑥away ⑦we put on a bad performance
4．①appealing ②for ③appeals to/makes an appeal to the students to set aside at least an hour every day
5．①arrangement ②to meet ③arrange everything for
词块积累
1．in spoken or written English 2．choose to do sth．
P55
1．thanks to the support of... 2．overcome one's fears 3．an unforgettable experience 4．more or less 5．be full of colours 6．can't wait to go again
P56
1．put on a wonderful performance 2．in the wild 3．a waste of time 4．be thrilled to do sth． 5．in such an amazing and magical way
P57
1．go to charity 2．the number of 3．have grown to 4．attend a concert
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①Reading ②Having worked ③Having been shown
[即时训练2]
①Seeing nobody at home ②waiting for their new teacher ③Working as hard as he could ④Having worked among the workers for many years
[即时训练3]
①leaving ②Judging ③Time permitting ④Not knowing how to deal with the difficult situation
巩固落实
1．complaining 2．Having given 3．Handing 4．Hearing 5．asked 6．speaking 7．to tell 8．being
1 / 1(共55张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 4 Stage and screen
主题语境
人与社会——戏剧与影视
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)be grateful to sb．for sth． 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth． 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激……
I would be grateful if you can/could...
如果你能……我将感激不尽。
1．grateful adj．感谢的，感激的
(2)gratefully adv． 感激地
gratitude n． 感激之情；感谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm so grateful __ all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily．
②When getting married，a couple kneel on the floor and pass the tea to their parents to express their _________(grateful)．
③如果你能帮我一把，我将不胜感激。
__________________________ lend me a helping hand．
to
gratitude
I would be grateful if you could
(1)be absorbed in 专心致志于
(2)absorb v． 吸收；吸引注意力；使专心
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
(3)absorbing adj． 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
2．absorbed adj．专心致志的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①With the children making so much noise outside，I can't get absorbed __ my study．
②The novel was so _________(absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep．
in
absorbing
③John was very absorbed in painting and he didn't notice the evening approaching．
→________________________________ he didn't notice the evening approaching．(so...that...的倒装句)
→____________________，John didn't notice the evening approaching．(形容词短语作状语)
So absorbed was John in painting that
Absorbed in painting
[一词多义] 写出下列句中 put on的含义
①The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to work． ____
②He was very nervous，but did his best to put on a calm look． __________
③He did a great deal of exercise so as not to put on weight． ____
④The band is hoping to put on a show before the end of the year． ____
3．put on 表演(节目)；穿上，戴上；假装，装作；增加(体重)
戴上
假装，装作
增加
表演
put away 把……收好，把……放回原处
put down 记下；放下；镇压
put up 举起；张贴；建造；投宿
put off 推迟，延期
put out 扑灭，熄灭
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
⑤Don't put ___ until tomorrow what can be done today．
⑥To make space in the bedroom，she put ____ her winter clothes．
⑦咱们在音乐会上要是表演不好， 那就太羞耻了。
It would be a shame if _________________________ at the concert．
off
away
we put on a bad performance
(1)be appealing to sb． 对某人有吸引力
(2)appeal n． 吸引力，魅力，呼吁
v． 呼吁，恳求，上诉
make an appeal to sb．for/to do sth．
呼吁某人做某事
appeal (to sb．) for sth． (向某人)恳求/呼吁某事
appeal to sb．to do sth． 呼吁/请求某人做某事
sth．appeal to sb． 某物对某人有吸引力；
某物使某人感兴趣
4．appealing adj．有吸引力的，有趣的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①TV shopping is _________(appeal)because you can buy things easily without going out．
②If you make an appeal to him ___ help，he will certainly lend you a hand．
③我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时的时间来进行锻炼。
Our school _________________________________________________________________ to take exercise．
appealing
for
appeals to/makes an appeal to the students to set aside at least
an hour every day
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for
为……做出安排
make arrangements/an arrangement with sb．
与某人商定或约好
(2)arrange v． 安排；筹备；整理
arrange (for sb．/sth．)to do sth． 计划安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb．about/doingsth． 就(做)某事和某人达成协议
5．arrangement n．安排，筹划
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'll make an ___________(arrange) for you to be met at the airport．
②We arranged _______(meet)at the cinema at 7：30，but he failed to turn up．
③父母为孩子们安排一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents ___________________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success．
arrangement
to meet
arrange everything for
P54
1．________________________用英语口语或书面语
2．__________________选择做某事
in spoken or written English
choose to do sth．
P55
1．______________________多亏……的支持
2．____________________ 克服某人的恐惧
3．_________________________ 一次难忘的经历
4．____________ 或多或少
5．________________ 充满色彩
6．___________________ 迫不及待地想再去一次
thanks to the support of...
overcome one's fears
an unforgettable experience
more or less
be full of colours
can't wait to go again
P56
1．____________________________ 表演很精彩
2．___________ 在野外
3．______________ 浪费时间
4．___________________做某事很兴奋
5．_________________________________ 以如此惊人和神奇的方式
put on a wonderful performance
in the wild
a waste of time
be thrilled to do sth．
in such an amazing and magical way
P57
1．_____________ 捐给慈善事业
2．_____________ ……的数量
3．_____________ 增长到……
4．________________ 参加音乐会
go to charity
the number of
have grown to
attend a concert
动词-ing形式作状语
一、动词-ing形式作状语时的形式
主动形式 被动形式 时态意义
一般式 doing being done 动词-ing形式的一般式作状语，表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式的完成式作状语，表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Tom ran away as fast as he could．
看见陌生人朝他走来了，小汤姆尽可能快地跑开了。
Having studied English for three years，he could read brief stories in English．
由于学习了三年英语，他能用英语读简单的故事。
Being well taken care of，she is recovering quickly．
由于受到了很好的照顾，她正在快速恢复。
Having been told many times，he still couldn't answer the question．
尽管已经被告知多次，他仍然不能回答这个问题。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①_________(read)carefully，he found something he hadn't known before．
②_____________(work)for a whole day，the secretary looked exhausted．
③_________________(show) around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest．
Reading
Having worked
Having been shown
二、动词-ing形式作状语表示的各种意义
动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、行为方式或伴随状况。表示行为方式和伴随状况时，通常相当于一个并列分句；表示其他意义时，相当于相应的状语从句。
1．时间状语
Hearing the good news，they went wild with joy．
(＝When they heard the good news，they went wild with joy．)
听到这个消息，他们欣喜若狂。
Having finished his summary，he went out for a walk．
(＝When he had finished his summary，he went out for a walk．)
他写完总结后，就外出散步了。
2．原因状语
Getting up late，he missed the early bus．
(＝Because he got up late，he missed the early bus．)
由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班车。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．
(＝Because I had been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．)
由于那天晚上我被要求加班，我错过了一部好影片。
3．条件状语
Working hard，you will pass the exam．
(＝If you work hard，you will pass the exam．)
努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。
Going straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．
(＝If you go straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．)
沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。
4．让步状语
Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me．
(＝Although he knows where I live，he never comes to see me．)
尽管知道我住哪里，但他从不来看我。
Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．
(＝Although he had tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．)
尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。
5．结果状语
He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry．
(＝He comes home late every evening so that he makes his wife very angry．)
他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。
The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm．
(＝The boy fell off his bike so that he broke his left arm．)
男孩从他的自行车上摔了下来，弄折了他的左胳膊。
6．伴随或方式状语
The children ran out of the classroom，laughing and talking merrily．
(＝The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked merrily．)
孩子们跑出了教室，高兴地笑着并交谈着。
He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses．
(＝He suddenly appeared in class one day，and he was wearing sunglasses．)
一天他突然戴着太阳镜出现在班里。
[即时训练2] 句型转换
①When she saw nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note．
→_____________________，she decided to leave them a note．
②All the students sat in the classroom，and they were waiting for their new teacher．
→All the students sat in the classroom，________________________．
Seeing nobody at home
waiting for their new teacher
③Although he worked as hard as he could，he didn't pass the exam．
→_________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
④Because he had worked among the workers for many years，he knew them very well．
→___________________________________________，he knew them very well．
Working as hard as he could
Having worked among the workers for many years
三、动词-ing形式作状语需注意的问题
1．动词-ing形式作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上从属连词。常用的连词有：when，while，if，unless，though/although等。有时“从属连词＋动词-ing形式”可以视为状语从句的省略。
Don't talk while having dinner (＝while you are having dinner)．
吃饭时不要说话。
Though working hard(＝Though he worked hard)，he couldn't earn enough money to pay off his debt．
尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。
2．动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not或never。
She was puzzled，not knowing what had happened．
她迷惑了，不知道发生了什么。
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam．
由于没有尽最大努力，他没通过这次考试。
3．动词-ing形式与独立主格结构作状语时的比较
动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语要与主句的主语相一致，如果不一致，通常要在动词-ing形式前加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式是独立主格结构。
Arriving at the station，he found the train had left．
到达车站时，他发现火车已经开了。(句子的主语he是arriving的逻辑主语)
She walked along the path，her daughter following closely behind．
她沿着小路走，女儿跟在后面。(following的逻辑主语是her daughter，而不是句子的主语she)
[名师点津] 有少数动词-ing形式没有逻辑主语，也不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，它们被称作动词-ing固定用语。常见的有：generally speaking(一般来说)，judging from/by...(根据……来判断)，talking of...(说到或提到……)等。
Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English．
一般来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。
Judging from his accent，he must be from the south．
从他的口音判断，他一定来自南方。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When _______(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us．
②_______(judge)from his expression，he was frightened of spiders．
③时间允许的话，我们将会在动身前去拜访他。
_______________，we will pay a visit to him before we leave．
④不知道如何处理这种困难的状况，他向老师求助。
____________________________________________，he turned to his teacher for help．
leaving
Judging
Time permitting
Not knowing how to deal with the difficult situation
用括号内单词的适当形式完成短文
An old man went to a doctor，1．___________(complain) about a pain in his leg．The doctor checked out his leg，but found everything right．2．____________(give) the old guy a full physical examination，the doctor still couldn't come up with any possible explanations for the pain．
complaining
Having given
3．_______(hand)the patient his bill，the doctor said，“I'm sorry but the pain in your leg is simply due to old age．”4．_______(hear)what the doctor explained about the pain，the old man answered，“That's impossible．”
When 5．_____(ask) why he said so，the old man said，“Honestly 6．________(speak)，I'm not a doctor but it doesn't take a medical degree 7．_______(tell) that you are mistaken．My two legs 8．_____(be)of the same age，the other leg feels just fine．”
Handing
Hearing
asked
speaking
to tell
being
①brief adj．短暂的
②(be)based on 以……为根据
③question v．质疑
④all too often 时常，经常
⑤end up 最终处于，到头来
※end up doing...以做……结束
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑥turn...into...把……变成……
⑦cinematic adj．电影的
⑧turkey n．(电影或戏剧的)失败之作
⑨storytelling n．讲故事，说书
⑩be praised as 被誉为
wonderland n．(故事中的)仙境，奇境
escape v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱
disappointed adj．失望的，沮丧的
epic adj．史诗般的；壮丽的，宏大的
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
questionable adj．可疑的，有问题的
play the part of...扮演……角色
live up to 符合(标准)，不负(盛名)
extent n．程度
※to some extent 在某种程度上
with...in mind 把……记在心里
in one's own right 凭借自身，靠自己
original adj．原先的，最初的
turn to 转向
(be)glued to 被吸引到
Good Book，Bad Movie
They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”，but the briefest① look at books and the movies based on② them would have anyone questioning③ this common saying[1]．All too often④，great words end up⑤ being turned into⑥ cinematic⑦ “turkeys⑧”．
[1]此处为have sb．doing sth．，意为“让某人做某事”，其中doing sth．作宾补。
Good movies need good stories．If so[2]，why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling⑨，Homer's The Odyssey，never had an equally great movie based on it Movies need strong characters．So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as⑩“great”？ Movies of course need impressive images，so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”？
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours[3]．This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen[4]．This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from，with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions[5]．
[3]此处that引导表语从句，其中包含while引导的表对比的并列句。
[4]此处that引导宾语从句，作means的宾语，其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。
[5]此处为with复合结构，在句中作状语，其中not to see...为不定式作原因状语。
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books[6]．Take，for example，the epic movie Troy，which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience[7]．The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen．Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent [8]．
[6]此处when引导时间状语从句，其中the way后面是省略关系词that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Troy。
[8]此处influencing...为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes．Furthermore，books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules．With this in mind ，perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right ，and not against its original source．Interestingly，audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men，which can have many characters and gradual plot development．Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby[9]．
[9]此处find themselves glued to...为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中过去分词短语glued to...作宾补。
好书，坏电影？
人们常说“一图胜千词”，但是简单对照一下书籍和由之改编的电影，就会让人开始质疑这种说法。很多时候，优秀的文字作品最终却变成了失败的电影。
好电影需要好故事。若是这样，那为什么西方最早、最优秀的叙事文本之一——荷马的《奥德赛》从来没有产生过同样优秀的改编电影呢？电影需要个性鲜明的人物。那为什么由《了不起的盖茨比》改编的电影从未被赞为“了不起”呢？电影当然需要令人印象深刻的画面，那为什么由《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改编的电影最多也只能被称为“有点意思”呢？
这背后的一个重要原因就是，一本书通常需要花几天的时间来阅读，而看一部电影一般不会超过两小时。这就意味着好书被搬上大银幕之后，会被删减一些情节和人物。这是连大获成功的“哈利·波特”系列电影也无法避免的事情，有的书迷因为在电影中看不到自己最喜欢的一些角色而大失所望。
电影呈现出的事物与我们读书时的想象有落差时，我们也会备感失望。以史诗电影《特洛伊》为例，它部分改编自荷马的《伊利亚特》，观众对它的评论毁誉参半。其中最受争议的问题在于扮演海伦的女演员。许多人认为她配不上海伦“世上最美的女人”这一称号，这一定程度上影响到了人们对这部电影的评价。
一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特。而且书籍和电影是两种不同的媒体形式，因此也遵循不同的原则。知道了这一点，也许我们应该从电影本身来评价它，而不是将其与原著进行对比。值得注意的是，观众已经逐渐将兴趣转向了《神探夏洛克》或《广告狂人》这样的电视连续剧，因为电视剧能展现更多人物，情节也得以逐步展开。也许有一天，F．斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最杰出作品的读者们，会发现自己已被《了不起的盖茨比》的剧集深深吸引。
THANKS
