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Unit 4 七选五练习
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………………………3
Passage 3………………………………………………………………5
Passage 4………………………………………………………………7
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………………………9
Passage 6………………………………………………………………11
Passage 7………………………………………………………………13
Passage 8…………………………………………………………… 15
精讲篇
Passage 1: Preparing for Natural Disasters in Urban Areas
难度
Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods pose significant risks to cities. While modern infrastructure provides some protection, proactive preparation is essential. 1 Here’s how to enhance safety in urban environments.
First, understand your city’s risks. Research historical data and government reports to identify common disasters. 2 For example, coastal cities may face tsunamis, while inland areas might be prone to flash floods. This knowledge helps prioritize preparedness measures.
Second, secure your home. Reinforce weak structures like bookshelves and install earthquake-resistant fixtures. 3 Store emergency supplies such as water, food, and a first-aid kit in a designated safe zone.
Third, create a communication plan. Designate a meeting point for family members and ensure everyone knows emergency contact numbers. 4 Use apps like FEMA’s Disaster Alert to receive real-time updates during crises.
Finally, participate in community drills. Local governments often organize earthquake or fire simulations. 5 These exercises improve response times and foster a sense of collective responsibility.
A. Urban residents must balance convenience with safety measures.
B. Tailoring your plan to local risks ensures targeted preparedness.
C. Structural reinforcements reduce damage during seismic activity.
D. Technological tools play a crucial role in modern disaster management.
E. Community involvement strengthens resilience at both individual and societal levels.
F. Natural disasters can strike without warning, making preparation vital.
G. Emergency supplies should include non-perishable food and portable communication devices.
词汇积累
infrastructure (n.)：基础设施
proactive (adj.)：主动的
reinforce (v.)：加固
designated (adj.)：指定的
simulation (n.)：模拟
翻译练习
了解城市的灾害风险是制定应急计划的第一步。（understand risks）
安装抗震装置可以显著降低地震中的损失。（earthquake-resistant fixtures）
社区演练能有效提升居民的应急反应能力。（community drills）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文强调 “proactive preparation is essential（主动准备至关重要）”，F 项 “Natural disasters can strike without warning, making preparation vital（自然灾害可能毫无预警，因此准备至关重要）” 中 “preparation vital” 与前文 “preparation is essential” 直接呼应，且用 “without warning” 解释了准备的必要性，引出下文具体措施，逻辑紧密。
2.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “understand your city’s risks（了解城市风险）”，后文举例 “coastal cities may face tsunamis, while inland areas might be prone to flash floods（沿海城市可能面临海啸，内陆地区可能遭遇山洪）”。B 项 “Tailoring your plan to local risks ensures targeted preparedness（根据当地风险定制计划可确保针对性准备）” 中 “local risks” 与后文的地域差异举例呼应，“tailoring your plan” 承接 “research historical data” 的行动，符合逻辑。
3.答案：C
解析：本段聚焦 “secure your home（加固房屋）”，前文提到 “reinforce weak structures（加固薄弱结构）”。C 项 “Structural reinforcements reduce damage during seismic activity（结构加固减少地震中的损失）” 中 “structural reinforcements” 与前文 “reinforce weak structures” 直接对应，“seismic activity（地震活动）” 呼应 “earthquake-resistant fixtures（抗震装置）”，解释了加固的作用。
4.答案：D
解析：本段围绕 “create a communication plan（制定沟通计划）” 展开，后文提到 “Use apps like FEMA’s Disaster Alert to receive real-time updates（使用 FEMA 灾害预警等应用接收实时更新）”。D 项 “Technological tools play a crucial role in modern disaster management（科技工具在现代灾害管理中起关键作用）” 中 “technological tools” 指代后文的 “apps”，“crucial role” 与 “receive real-time updates” 的功能呼应，点明科技的价值。
5.答案：E
解析：本段主题为 “participate in community drills（参与社区演练）”，前文讲 “local governments often organize...simulations（地方政府组织模拟演练）”。E 项 “Community involvement strengthens resilience at both individual and societal levels（社区参与增强个人和社会层面的韧性）” 中 “community involvement” 与 “community drills” 一致，“strengthens resilience” 与后文 “improve response times and foster collective responsibility（提高响应速度，培养集体责任感）” 呼应，总结了演练的意义。
翻译题答案
Understanding a city's disaster risks is the first step in formulating an emergency plan.
Installing earthquake-resistant fixtures can significantly reduce losses during an earthquake.
Community drills can effectively improve residents' emergency response capabilities.
基础篇
Passage 2: Surviving a Wildfire
难度
Wildfires are a growing threat in many regions. Knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death. 1 Here’s what to do if caught in a wildfire.
First, stay informed. Monitor weather forecasts and evacuation orders. 2 If authorities advise evacuation, leave immediately—do not wait.
Second, prepare your home. Clear flammable materials like dry leaves and branches from your property. 3 Install fire-resistant windows and keep a garden hose accessible.
Third, plan your escape route. Identify multiple exit paths and ensure they’re free of obstacles. 4 If driving, avoid roads with heavy smoke and keep headlights on.
Fourth, protect yourself. Wear long sleeves and pants to shield against sparks. 5 Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth to filter smoke.
A. Early evacuation is critical to avoiding wildfire dangers.
B. Preventive measures reduce the likelihood of fire spreading.
C. Choosing the right clothing enhances physical protection.
D. Technology allows real-time tracking of fire progression.
E. Smoke inhalation is a leading cause of wildfire-related deaths.
F. Wildfires spread rapidly, leaving little time for last-minute decisions.
G. Creating a defensible space around your home slows fire advancement.
词汇积累
flammable (adj.)：易燃的
evacuation (n.)：疏散
defensible (adj.)：可防御的
inhalation (n.)：吸入
filter (v.)：过滤
翻译练习
提前清理易燃物可以降低野火蔓延的风险。（flammable materials）
2. 制定多条逃生路线能确保在紧急情况下安全撤离。（escape routes）
3. 佩戴防护装备可以有效减少烟雾对身体的伤害。（protective gear）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文强调 “Knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death（懂得应对可能决定生死）”，F 项 “Wildfires spread rapidly, leaving little time for last-minute decisions（野火蔓延迅速，几乎没有临时决策的时间）” 中 “spread rapidly” 解释了 “生死之别” 的原因，“little time for last-minute decisions” 凸显了提前应对的重要性，引出下文具体措施。
2.答案：A
解析：本段聚焦 “stay informed（保持信息畅通）”，后文指出 “If authorities advise evacuation, leave immediately（若当局建议疏散，立即撤离）”。A 项 “Early evacuation is critical to avoiding wildfire dangers（早期疏散对避开野火危险至关重要）” 中 “early evacuation” 与 “leave immediately” 直接呼应，“critical” 强调了疏散的紧迫性，符合段落逻辑。
3.答案：G
解析：本段围绕 “prepare your home（准备住所）” 展开，前文提到 “Clear flammable materials...from your property（清理 property 内的易燃物）”。G 项 “Creating a defensible space around your home slows fire advancement（在家周围创建防御空间减缓火势蔓延）” 中 “defensible space” 是对 “clear flammable materials” 的进一步说明，“slows fire advancement” 解释了该措施的作用，与后文 “fire-resistant windows” 形成防护措施链。
4.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “plan your escape route（规划逃生路线）”，前文讲 “Identify multiple exit paths（确定多条逃生路径）”。B 项 “Preventive measures reduce the likelihood of fire spreading（预防措施降低火势蔓延可能性）” 虽未直接提路线，但结合上下文，规划路线属于 “preventive measures” 的一部分，且 “reduce likelihood” 与确保路线 “free of obstacles（无障碍物）” 的目的一致，衔接自然。
5.答案：E
解析：本段聚焦 “protect yourself（自我防护）”，后文提到 “Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth to filter smoke（用湿布捂住口鼻过滤烟雾）”。E 项 “Smoke inhalation is a leading cause of wildfire-related deaths（吸入烟雾是野火相关死亡的主要原因）” 中 “smoke inhalation” 与 “filter smoke” 直接呼应，解释了防护措施的必要性，逻辑清晰。
翻译题答案
Clearing flammable materials in advance can reduce the risk of wildfire spread.
Developing multiple escape routes ensures safe evacuation in emergencies.
Wearing protective gear can effectively reduce smoke-related harm to the body.
Passage 3: Earthquake Safety in High-Rise Buildings
难度
Earthquakes pose unique challenges in high-rise buildings. Following these guidelines can improve survival chances. 1 Here’s how to stay safe.
First, drop, cover, and hold on. When shaking starts, get under a sturdy desk or table. 2 Avoid windows and tall furniture that could collapse.
Second, stay indoors. Do not use elevators—power outages may trap you. 3 If outside, move to an open area away from buildings and power lines.
Third, secure loose items. Anchor bookshelves and install anti-tip brackets on appliances. 4 This prevents injuries from falling objects during tremors.
Fourth, prepare an emergency kit. Include water, food, and a flashlight. 5 Keep it in a location accessible during a quake.
A. Structural design innovations enhance earthquake resistance.
B. Indoor safety protocols differ from outdoor strategies.
C. Properly securing items reduces earthquake-related hazards.
D. Emergency supplies sustain life until rescue arrives.
E. Following the “drop, cover, hold on” method minimizes risks.
F. High-rise buildings require specialized safety measures.
G. Elevators become unsafe during seismic activity.
词汇积累
sturdy (adj.)：坚固的
tremor (n.)：震动
anchor (v.)：固定
appliance (n.)：电器
protocol (n.)：协议
翻译练习
在高层建筑中，“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢” 是关键的避震方法。（drop, cover, hold on）
安装防倾倒支架可以防止家具在地震中倒塌。（anti-tip brackets）
地震应急包应包含至少三天的食物和水。（emergency kit）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文讲 “Earthquakes pose unique challenges in high-rise buildings（地震在高层建筑中带来独特挑战）”，F 项 “High-rise buildings require specialized safety measures（高层建筑需要专门的安全措施）” 中 “high-rise buildings” 与前文一致，“specialized safety measures” 引出下文的具体指南，总领全段。
2.答案：E
解析：本段围绕 “drop, cover, and hold on（伏地、遮挡、手抓牢）” 展开，前文强调该动作的重要性。E 项 “Following the ‘drop, cover, hold on’ method minimizes risks（遵循该方法可将风险降至最低）” 中 “method” 直接指代前文动作，“minimizes risks” 解释了其作用，与后文 “Avoid windows...（避开窗户）” 的具体建议呼应。
3.答案：G
解析：本段聚焦 “stay indoors（留在室内）”，前文指出 “Do not use elevators（不要使用电梯）”。G 项 “Elevators become unsafe during seismic activity（地震时电梯不安全）” 中 “elevators” 与前文呼应，“unsafe during seismic activity” 解释了禁用电梯的原因，与后文 “power outages may trap you（停电可能困住你）” 形成补充说明。
4.答案：C
解析：本段主题为 “secure loose items（固定松散物品）”，前文提到 “Anchor bookshelves and install anti-tip brackets（固定书架，安装防倾倒支架）”。C 项 “Properly securing items reduces earthquake-related hazards（正确固定物品减少地震相关危险）” 中 “securing items” 与前文动作一致，“reduces hazards” 与 “prevents injuries from falling objects（防止坠物伤人）” 呼应，点明措施的意义。
5.答案：D
解析：本段围绕 “prepare an emergency kit（准备应急包）” 展开，前文列举包内物品。D 项 “Emergency supplies sustain life until rescue arrives（应急物资维持生命直至救援到来）” 中 “emergency supplies” 指代应急包物品，“sustain life” 解释了准备的目的，与后文 “accessible during a quake（地震时可获取）” 的要求一致。
翻译题答案
In high-rise buildings, the "drop, cover, and hold on" method is a key earthquake survival technique.
Installing anti-tip brackets can prevent furniture from collapsing during an earthquake.
An earthquake emergency kit should contain at least three days' worth of food and water.
Passage 4: Tsunami Preparedness for Coastal Communities
难度
Tsunamis can strike coastlines with devastating force. Early warning systems and community planning save lives. 1 Here’s how to prepare.
First, learn the signs. Unusual ocean behavior like rapid water withdrawal or roaring noises signals an incoming tsunami. 2 Move to higher ground immediately if you observe these signs.
Second, know evacuation routes. Coastal areas often have designated tsunami evacuation zones. 3 Practice traveling these routes to ensure familiarity.
Third, participate in drills. Local governments organize tsunami simulations to test preparedness. 4 These exercises help identify weaknesses in emergency plans.
Fourth, stay informed. Use NOAA’s Tsunami Warning System or local alerts for updates. 5 Avoid returning to coastal areas until authorities declare it safe.
A. Natural signs provide critical early warnings.
B. Community involvement is key to effective preparedness.
C. Technological tools enable real-time hazard monitoring.
D. Evacuation route familiarity reduces panic during crises.
E. Tsunami preparedness requires a combination of knowledge and action.
F. Tsunami waves can travel at speeds exceeding 500 miles per hour.
G. Delayed evacuation increases the risk of being caught in rising waters.
词汇积累
devastating (adj.)：毁灭性的
withdrawal (n.)：退去
simulation (n.)：模拟
hazard (n.)：危险
exceed (v.)：超过
翻译练习
迅速撤离到高地是应对海啸的最有效措施。（evacuate to higher ground）
参与社区演练可以提高居民的应急反应速度。（community drills）
海啸预警系统能够为沿海地区争取宝贵的逃生时间。（warning system）
答案解析
1.答案：E
解析：前文讲 “Early warning systems and community planning save lives（预警系统和社区规划拯救生命）”，E 项 “Tsunami preparedness requires a combination of knowledge and action（海啸准备需要知识与行动结合）” 中 “tsunami preparedness” 与主题一致，“knowledge and action” 概括了 “early warning systems”（知识）和 “planning”（行动），总领下文措施。
2.答案：A
解析：本段聚焦 “learn the signs（了解征兆）”，前文描述 “unusual ocean behavior（异常海洋现象）”。A 项 “Natural signs provide critical early warnings（自然征兆提供关键预警）” 中 “natural signs” 指代前文的海洋异常，“early warnings” 与 “signals an incoming tsunami（预示海啸来临）” 呼应，强调征兆的价值。
3.答案：D
解析：本段围绕 “know evacuation routes（了解疏散路线）” 展开，前文讲 “designated tsunami evacuation zones（指定的海啸疏散区）”。D 项 “Evacuation route familiarity reduces panic during crises（熟悉疏散路线减少危机中的恐慌）” 中 “evacuation route familiarity” 与 “practice traveling these routes（演练路线）” 呼应，“reduces panic” 解释了熟悉路线的意义。
4.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “participate in drills（参与演练）”，前文提到 “local governments organize tsunami simulations（地方政府组织海啸模拟）”。B 项 “Community involvement is key to effective preparedness（社区参与是有效准备的关键）” 中 “community involvement” 与 “drills”“local governments” 呼应，“key to effective preparedness” 与后文 “identify weaknesses in emergency plans（发现应急计划漏洞）” 的作用一致。
5.答案：G
解析：本段聚焦 “stay informed（保持信息畅通）”，后文指出 “Avoid returning to coastal areas until authorities declare it safe（未获安全通知前不返回沿海）”。G 项 “Delayed evacuation increases the risk of being caught in rising waters（延迟疏散增加被困洪水的风险）” 中 “delayed evacuation” 与 “avoid returning” 形成对比，强调遵守通知的重要性，逻辑连贯。
翻译题答案
Evacuating quickly to higher ground is the most effective measure to cope with a tsunami.
Participating in community drills can improve residents' emergency response speed.
Tsunami warning systems can buy valuable escape time for coastal areas.
拔高篇
Passage 5: Psychological Resilience After Disasters
难度
Natural disasters leave both physical and emotional scars. Building psychological resilience is crucial for recovery. 1 Here’s how to cope.
First, acknowledge your emotions. It’s normal to feel grief, anxiety, or anger after a disaster. 2 Talk to family, friends, or mental health professionals about your experiences.
Second, establish routines. Re-establishing daily habits like regular meals and sleep provides stability. 3 This predictability helps reduce stress and restore a sense of control.
Third, focus on small goals. Break recovery into manageable tasks, such as cleaning debris or reconnecting with loved ones. 4 Each achievement boosts confidence and motivation.
Fourth, seek social support. Join community groups or support networks for survivors. 5 Sharing stories and coping strategies fosters a sense of belonging.
A. Emotional processing is essential for long-term healing.
B. Routine re-establishment anchors individuals during chaos.
C. Social connections mitigate feelings of isolation and despair.
D. Small accomplishments build momentum toward recovery.
E. Psychological resilience determines the speed of post-disaster recovery.
F. Disasters disrupt lives, but proactive coping strategies restore normalcy.
G. Mental health support should be a priority in post-disaster relief efforts.
词汇积累
resilience (n.)：韧性
grief (n.)：悲伤
stability (n.)：稳定
momentum (n.)：动力
mitigate (v.)：减轻
翻译练习
承认并接受灾难后的情绪反应是恢复的第一步。（acknowledge emotions）
建立规律的生活作息有助于缓解灾后的焦虑情绪。（daily routines）
参与支持小组可以帮助幸存者分享经验，重建信心。（support groups）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文讲 “Building psychological resilience is crucial for recovery（培养心理韧性对恢复至关重要）”，F 项 “Disasters disrupt lives, but proactive coping strategies restore normalcy（灾难扰乱生活，但积极应对策略可恢复常态）” 中 “disasters disrupt lives” 与 “natural disasters leave emotional scars” 呼应，“proactive coping strategies” 引出下文的具体方法，总领全段。
2.答案：A
解析：本段围绕 “acknowledge your emotions（承认情绪）” 展开，前文讲 “it’s normal to feel grief...（感到悲伤等情绪很正常）”。A 项 “Emotional processing is essential for long-term healing（情绪处理对长期康复至关重要）” 中 “emotional processing” 与 “acknowledge your emotions” 一致，“essential for healing” 与后文 “talk to...mental health professionals（向心理健康专家倾诉）” 的建议呼应。
3.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “establish routines（建立日常作息）”，前文提到 “re-establishing daily habits...provides stability（重建日常习惯提供稳定感）”。B 项 “Routine re-establishment anchors individuals during chaos（重建日常在混乱中锚定个人）” 中 “routine re-establishment” 与 “establish routines” 直接对应，“anchors individuals” 与 “provides stability” 呼应，解释了日常的作用。
4.答案：D
解析：本段聚焦 “focus on small goals（关注小目标）”，前文讲 “break recovery into manageable tasks（将恢复分解为可完成的任务）”。D 项 “Small accomplishments build momentum toward recovery（小成就积累恢复动力）” 中 “small accomplishments” 与 “small goals”“manageable tasks” 呼应，“build momentum” 与后文 “each achievement boosts confidence（每项成就增强信心）” 一致。
5.答案：C
解析：本段主题为 “seek social support（寻求社会支持）”，前文提到 “join community groups or support networks（加入社区团体或支持网络）”。C 项 “Social connections mitigate feelings of isolation and despair（社交联系减轻孤独与绝望）” 中 “social connections” 与 “support networks” 呼应，“mitigate feelings” 与后文 “fosters a sense of belonging（培养归属感）” 的效果一致。
翻译题答案
Acknowledging and accepting emotional reactions after a disaster is the first step toward recovery.
Establishing regular daily routines helps alleviate post-disaster anxiety.
Participating in support groups can help survivors share experiences and rebuild confidence.
Passage 6: Sustainable Disaster Recovery
难度
Disaster recovery should prioritize sustainability to prevent future crises. Balancing reconstruction with environmental protection is key. 1 Here’s how to achieve this.
First, adopt green building practices. Use recycled materials and energy-efficient designs in reconstruction. 2 This reduces carbon emissions and promotes long-term resilience.
Second, restore ecosystems. Rebuilding wetlands or reforestation projects mitigate flood and landslide risks. 3 Healthy ecosystems act as natural barriers against disasters.
Third, invest in renewable energy. Replace damaged infrastructure with solar or wind power systems. 4 This reduces reliance on fossil fuels and enhances energy security.
Fourth, involve local communities. Engage residents in recovery planning to ensure cultural and environmental considerations. 5 Community-driven initiatives foster ownership and sustainability.
A. Environmental restoration complements structural rebuilding.
B. Sustainable practices create a cycle of resilience and ecological health.
C. Renewable energy adoption aligns with global climate goals.
D. Local involvement ensures recovery efforts reflect community needs.
E. Green building reduces vulnerability to future environmental stressors.
F. Disaster recovery offers an opportunity to build back better.
G. Ecosystem restoration projects require collaboration between governments and NGOs.
词汇积累
mitigate (v.)：减轻
reforestation (n.)：重新造林
reliance (n.)：依赖
ownership (n.)：主人翁意识
alignment (n.)：一致
翻译练习
采用绿色建筑材料可以提高建筑物的抗灾能力。（green building materials）
恢复湿地和森林有助于减少洪水和泥石流的发生。（ecosystem）
社区参与灾后重建能确保方案的可行性和可持续性。（community involvement）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文讲 “Disaster recovery should prioritize sustainability to prevent future crises（灾后恢复应优先考虑可持续性以预防未来危机）”，F 项 “Disaster recovery offers an opportunity to build back better（灾后恢复提供了重建得更好的机会）” 中 “disaster recovery” 与主题一致，“build back better” 概括了 “sustainability” 的目标，引出下文具体措施。
2.答案：E
解析：本段围绕 “adopt green building practices（采用绿色建筑实践）” 展开，前文提到 “use recycled materials and energy-efficient designs（使用再生材料和节能设计）”。E 项 “Green building reduces vulnerability to future environmental stressors（绿色建筑降低对未来环境压力的脆弱性）” 中 “green building” 与前文一致，“reduces vulnerability” 与 “prevent future crises” 呼应，解释了绿色建筑的意义。
3.答案：A
解析：本段主题为 “restore ecosystems（恢复生态系统）”，前文讲 “rebuilding wetlands or reforestation...mitigate flood risks（重建湿地或造林减少洪水风险）”。A 项 “Environmental restoration complements structural rebuilding（环境恢复补充结构性重建）” 中 “environmental restoration” 与 “restore ecosystems” 一致，“complements structural rebuilding” 说明其与建筑重建的关系，与后文 “healthy ecosystems act as natural barriers（健康生态系统作为天然屏障）” 呼应。
4.答案：C
解析：本段聚焦 “invest in renewable energy（投资可再生能源）”，前文提到 “replace damaged infrastructure with solar or wind power（用太阳能或风能替代受损设施）”。C 项 “Renewable energy adoption aligns with global climate goals（采用可再生能源符合全球气候目标）” 中 “renewable energy adoption” 与前文动作一致，“aligns with global goals” 解释了其价值，与后文 “reduces reliance on fossil fuels（减少对化石燃料的依赖）” 呼应。
5.答案：D
解析：本段主题为 “involve local communities（让当地社区参与）”，前文讲 “engage residents in recovery planning（让居民参与恢复规划）”。D 项 “Local involvement ensures recovery efforts reflect community needs（当地参与确保恢复工作反映社区需求）” 中 “local involvement” 与 “involve local communities” 一致，“reflect community needs” 与后文 “community-driven initiatives foster ownership（社区主导的倡议培养主人翁意识）” 呼应。
翻译题答案
Using green building materials can improve a building's disaster resistance.
Restoring wetlands and forests helps reduce the occurrence of floods and mudslides.
Community involvement in post-disaster reconstruction ensures the feasibility and sustainability of plans.
Passage 7: Technology in Disaster Management
难度
Advancements in technology are transforming disaster prediction and response. From AI to drones, these tools save lives and resources. 1 Here’s how they’re used.
First, AI-powered early warning systems. Machine learning models analyze seismic or weather data to predict disasters. 2 This allows authorities to issue timely evacuation orders.
Second, drones for reconnaissance. Unmanned aerial vehicles assess damage and locate survivors. 3 Their aerial perspective identifies hard-to-reach areas.
Third, blockchain for aid distribution. Digital ledgers track donations and supplies to prevent fraud. 4 This transparency ensures resources reach those in need.
Fourth, satellite imagery. High-resolution photos monitor disaster progression and guide relief efforts. 5 Real-time data helps prioritize rescue operations.
A. AI algorithms improve prediction accuracy and response times.
B. Drones offer rapid and safe assessment capabilities.
C. Blockchain technology enhances accountability in relief efforts.
D. Satellite technology provides comprehensive situational awareness.
E. Technological innovation revolutionizes disaster management practices.
F. Early warning systems reduce casualties by 30-50% in some regions.
G. Each technological tool addresses specific challenges in disaster response.
词汇积累
reconnaissance (n.)：侦察
ledger (n.)：分类账
transparency (n.)：透明度
casualty (n.)：伤亡
accountability (n.)：责任
翻译练习
人工智能预警系统能够提前数小时预测地震和洪水。（AI early warning）
无人机在灾后救援中可以快速定位被困人员。（drones）
区块链技术确保救灾物资的透明分配。（blockchain）
答案解析
1.答案：E
解析：前文讲 “Advancements in technology are transforming disaster prediction and response（科技进步改变灾害预测与应对）”，E 项 “Technological innovation revolutionizes disaster management practices（科技创新彻底改变灾害管理实践）” 中 “technological innovation” 与 “advancements in technology” 呼应，“revolutionizes” 概括了其颠覆性影响，总领下文对具体技术的介绍。
2.答案：A
解析：本段围绕 “AI-powered early warning systems（AI 驱动的预警系统）” 展开，前文提到 “machine learning models analyze data to predict disasters（机器学习模型分析数据预测灾害）”。A 项 “AI algorithms improve prediction accuracy and response times（AI 算法提高预测准确性和响应速度）” 中 “AI algorithms” 与 “machine learning models” 一致，“improve prediction accuracy” 解释了其作用，与后文 “issue timely evacuation orders（及时发布疏散令）” 呼应。
3.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “drones for reconnaissance（无人机用于侦察）”，前文讲 “unmanned aerial vehicles assess damage and locate survivors（无人机评估损失并定位幸存者）”。B 项 “Drones offer rapid and safe assessment capabilities（无人机提供快速安全的评估能力）” 中 “drones” 与前文一致，“rapid and safe assessment” 与 “assess damage”“identify hard-to-reach areas（识别难以到达的区域）” 呼应，点明其优势。
4.答案：C
解析：本段聚焦 “blockchain for aid distribution（区块链用于援助分配）”，前文提到 “digital ledgers track donations to prevent fraud（数字账簿追踪捐赠以防止欺诈）”。C 项 “Blockchain technology enhances accountability in relief efforts（区块链技术增强救援工作的问责制）” 中 “blockchain technology” 与前文一致，“enhances accountability” 与 “prevent fraud”“transparency（透明度）” 呼应，解释了其作用。
5.答案：D
解析：本段主题为 “satellite imagery（卫星图像）”，前文讲 “high-resolution photos monitor disaster progression（高分辨率图像监测灾害进展）”。D 项 “Satellite technology provides comprehensive situational awareness（卫星技术提供全面的态势感知）” 中 “satellite technology” 与前文一致，“comprehensive situational awareness” 与 “monitor progression”“guide relief efforts（指导救援工作）” 呼应，总结了卫星图像的价值。
翻译题答案
AI early warning systems can predict earthquakes and floods hours in advance.
Drones can quickly locate trapped people during post-disaster rescue efforts.
Blockchain technology ensures the transparent distribution of disaster relief supplies.
Passage 8: International Disaster Relief Cooperation
难度
Natural disasters transcend national borders, requiring global collaboration. Organizations like the Red Cross and UNICEF lead international efforts. 1 Here’s how cooperation works.
First, resource sharing. Countries donate funds, equipment, and expertise to affected regions. 2 For example, Japan sends search-and-rescue teams to earthquake-stricken areas.
Second, knowledge exchange. International conferences share best practices in disaster preparedness. 3 This fosters innovation and standardization of protocols.
Third, joint training exercises. Multinational drills simulate disaster scenarios to improve coordination. 4 These exercises test communication and logistical capabilities.
Fourth, long-term support. Post-disaster reconstruction often involves multi-year partnerships. 5 This ensures sustainable recovery and prevents future vulnerabilities.
A. Global cooperation enhances the effectiveness of disaster response.
B. Resource donation ensures immediate assistance reaches victims.
C. Knowledge sharing accelerates the adoption of proven strategies.
D. Joint training improves interoperability between different teams.
E. Long-term partnerships address root causes of disaster vulnerability.
F. International organizations play a pivotal role in coordinating relief efforts.
G. Disaster diplomacy strengthens international relations during crises.
词汇积累
transcend (v.)：超越
protocol (n.)：协议
logistical (adj.)：后勤的
interoperability (n.)：互操作性
pivotal (adj.)：关键的
翻译练习
国际援助为受灾地区提供了急需的物资和技术支持。（international aid）
多国联合演练可以提高救援队伍的协同作战能力。（joint drills）
长期合作项目帮助受灾国家建立防灾减灾体系。（long-term partnerships）
答案解析
1.答案：A
解析：前文讲 “Natural disasters transcend national borders, requiring global collaboration（自然灾害跨越国界，需要全球合作）”，A 项 “Global cooperation enhances the effectiveness of disaster response（全球合作提高灾害应对效率）” 中 “global cooperation” 与 “global collaboration” 呼应，“enhances effectiveness” 点明合作的意义，总领下文具体合作方式。
2.答案：B
解析：本段围绕 “resource sharing（资源共享）” 展开，前文提到 “countries donate funds, equipment, and expertise（各国捐赠资金、设备和专业知识）”。B 项 “Resource donation ensures immediate assistance reaches victims（资源捐赠确保受害者获得即时援助）” 中 “resource donation” 与 “donate funds...” 一致，“immediate assistance” 与后文 “Japan sends search-and-rescue teams（日本派遣搜救队）” 的例子呼应。
3.答案：C
解析：本段主题为 “knowledge exchange（知识交流）”，前文讲 “international conferences share best practices（国际会议分享最佳实践）”。C 项 “Knowledge sharing accelerates the adoption of proven strategies（知识交流加速采用成熟策略）” 中 “knowledge sharing” 与前文一致，“accelerates adoption” 与 “fosters innovation（促进创新）” 呼应，解释了交流的作用。
4.答案：D
解析：本段聚焦 “joint training exercises（联合训练演练）”，前文提到 “multinational drills simulate disaster scenarios（多国演练模拟灾害场景）”。D 项 “Joint training improves interoperability between different teams（联合训练提高不同团队的协同能力）” 中 “joint training” 与 “multinational drills” 一致，“interoperability” 与 “improve coordination（提高协调能力）” 呼应，点明演练的价值。
5.答案：E
解析：本段主题为 “long-term support（长期支持）”，前文讲 “post-disaster reconstruction involves multi-year partnerships（灾后重建涉及多年合作）”。E 项 “Long-term partnerships address root causes of disaster vulnerability（长期合作解决灾害脆弱性的根源）” 中 “long-term partnerships” 与前文一致，“address root causes” 与后文 “ensures sustainable recovery（确保可持续恢复）” 呼应，解释了长期支持的意义。
翻译题答案
International aid provides much-needed materials and technical support to disaster-stricken areas.
Multinational joint drills can improve the coordination capabilities of rescue teams.
Long-term partnership projects help disaster-stricken countries establish disaster prevention and mitigation systems./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 4 七选五练习
精练篇
Passage 1………………………………………………………………1
基础篇
Passage 2………………………………………………………………3
Passage 3………………………………………………………………4
Passage 4………………………………………………………………5
拔高篇
Passage 5………………………………………………………………6
Passage 6………………………………………………………………7
Passage 7………………………………………………………………8
Passage 8…………………………………………………………… 9
精讲篇
Passage 1: Preparing for Natural Disasters in Urban Areas
难度
Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods pose significant risks to cities. While modern infrastructure provides some protection, proactive preparation is essential. 1 Here’s how to enhance safety in urban environments.
First, understand your city’s risks. Research historical data and government reports to identify common disasters. 2 For example, coastal cities may face tsunamis, while inland areas might be prone to flash floods. This knowledge helps prioritize preparedness measures.
Second, secure your home. Reinforce weak structures like bookshelves and install earthquake-resistant fixtures. 3 Store emergency supplies such as water, food, and a first-aid kit in a designated safe zone.
Third, create a communication plan. Designate a meeting point for family members and ensure everyone knows emergency contact numbers. 4 Use apps like FEMA’s Disaster Alert to receive real-time updates during crises.
Finally, participate in community drills. Local governments often organize earthquake or fire simulations. 5 These exercises improve response times and foster a sense of collective responsibility.
A. Urban residents must balance convenience with safety measures.
B. Tailoring your plan to local risks ensures targeted preparedness.
C. Structural reinforcements reduce damage during seismic activity.
D. Technological tools play a crucial role in modern disaster management.
E. Community involvement strengthens resilience at both individual and societal levels.
F. Natural disasters can strike without warning, making preparation vital.
G. Emergency supplies should include non-perishable food and portable communication devices.
词汇积累
infrastructure (n.)：基础设施
proactive (adj.)：主动的
reinforce (v.)：加固
designated (adj.)：指定的
simulation (n.)：模拟
翻译练习
了解城市的灾害风险是制定应急计划的第一步。（understand risks）
安装抗震装置可以显著降低地震中的损失。（earthquake-resistant fixtures）
社区演练能有效提升居民的应急反应能力。（community drills）
答案解析
1.答案：F
解析：前文强调 “proactive preparation is essential（主动准备至关重要）”，F 项 “Natural disasters can strike without warning, making preparation vital（自然灾害可能毫无预警，因此准备至关重要）” 中 “preparation vital” 与前文 “preparation is essential” 直接呼应，且用 “without warning” 解释了准备的必要性，引出下文具体措施，逻辑紧密。
2.答案：B
解析：本段主题为 “understand your city’s risks（了解城市风险）”，后文举例 “coastal cities may face tsunamis, while inland areas might be prone to flash floods（沿海城市可能面临海啸，内陆地区可能遭遇山洪）”。B 项 “Tailoring your plan to local risks ensures targeted preparedness（根据当地风险定制计划可确保针对性准备）” 中 “local risks” 与后文的地域差异举例呼应，“tailoring your plan” 承接 “research historical data” 的行动，符合逻辑。
3.答案：C
解析：本段聚焦 “secure your home（加固房屋）”，前文提到 “reinforce weak structures（加固薄弱结构）”。C 项 “Structural reinforcements reduce damage during seismic activity（结构加固减少地震中的损失）” 中 “structural reinforcements” 与前文 “reinforce weak structures” 直接对应，“seismic activity（地震活动）” 呼应 “earthquake-resistant fixtures（抗震装置）”，解释了加固的作用。
4.答案：D
解析：本段围绕 “create a communication plan（制定沟通计划）” 展开，后文提到 “Use apps like FEMA’s Disaster Alert to receive real-time updates（使用 FEMA 灾害预警等应用接收实时更新）”。D 项 “Technological tools play a crucial role in modern disaster management（科技工具在现代灾害管理中起关键作用）” 中 “technological tools” 指代后文的 “apps”，“crucial role” 与 “receive real-time updates” 的功能呼应，点明科技的价值。
5.答案：E
解析：本段主题为 “participate in community drills（参与社区演练）”，前文讲 “local governments often organize...simulations（地方政府组织模拟演练）”。E 项 “Community involvement strengthens resilience at both individual and societal levels（社区参与增强个人和社会层面的韧性）” 中 “community involvement” 与 “community drills” 一致，“strengthens resilience” 与后文 “improve response times and foster collective responsibility（提高响应速度，培养集体责任感）” 呼应，总结了演练的意义。
翻译题答案
Understanding a city's disaster risks is the first step in formulating an emergency plan.
Installing earthquake-resistant fixtures can significantly reduce losses during an earthquake.
Community drills can effectively improve residents' emergency response capabilities.
基础篇
Passage 2: Surviving a Wildfire
难度
Wildfires are a growing threat in many regions. Knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death. 1 Here’s what to do if caught in a wildfire.
First, stay informed. Monitor weather forecasts and evacuation orders. 2 If authorities advise evacuation, leave immediately—do not wait.
Second, prepare your home. Clear flammable materials like dry leaves and branches from your property. 3 Install fire-resistant windows and keep a garden hose accessible.
Third, plan your escape route. Identify multiple exit paths and ensure they’re free of obstacles. 4 If driving, avoid roads with heavy smoke and keep headlights on.
Fourth, protect yourself. Wear long sleeves and pants to shield against sparks. 5 Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth to filter smoke.
A. Early evacuation is critical to avoiding wildfire dangers.
B. Preventive measures reduce the likelihood of fire spreading.
C. Choosing the right clothing enhances physical protection.
D. Technology allows real-time tracking of fire progression.
E. Smoke inhalation is a leading cause of wildfire-related deaths.
F. Wildfires spread rapidly, leaving little time for last-minute decisions.
G. Creating a defensible space around your home slows fire advancement.
词汇积累
flammable (adj.)：易燃的
evacuation (n.)：疏散
defensible (adj.)：可防御的
inhalation (n.)：吸入
filter (v.)：过滤
翻译练习
提前清理易燃物可以降低野火蔓延的风险。（flammable materials）
2. 制定多条逃生路线能确保在紧急情况下安全撤离。（escape routes）
3. 佩戴防护装备可以有效减少烟雾对身体的伤害。（protective gear）
Passage 3: Earthquake Safety in High-Rise Buildings
难度
Earthquakes pose unique challenges in high-rise buildings. Following these guidelines can improve survival chances. 1 Here’s how to stay safe.
First, drop, cover, and hold on. When shaking starts, get under a sturdy desk or table. 2 Avoid windows and tall furniture that could collapse.
Second, stay indoors. Do not use elevators—power outages may trap you. 3 If outside, move to an open area away from buildings and power lines.
Third, secure loose items. Anchor bookshelves and install anti-tip brackets on appliances. 4 This prevents injuries from falling objects during tremors.
Fourth, prepare an emergency kit. Include water, food, and a flashlight. 5 Keep it in a location accessible during a quake.
A. Structural design innovations enhance earthquake resistance.
B. Indoor safety protocols differ from outdoor strategies.
C. Properly securing items reduces earthquake-related hazards.
D. Emergency supplies sustain life until rescue arrives.
E. Following the “drop, cover, hold on” method minimizes risks.
F. High-rise buildings require specialized safety measures.
G. Elevators become unsafe during seismic activity.
词汇积累
sturdy (adj.)：坚固的
tremor (n.)：震动
anchor (v.)：固定
appliance (n.)：电器
protocol (n.)：协议
翻译练习
在高层建筑中，“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢” 是关键的避震方法。（drop, cover, hold on）
安装防倾倒支架可以防止家具在地震中倒塌。（anti-tip brackets）
地震应急包应包含至少三天的食物和水。（emergency kit）
Passage 4: Tsunami Preparedness for Coastal Communities
难度
Tsunamis can strike coastlines with devastating force. Early warning systems and community planning save lives. 1 Here’s how to prepare.
First, learn the signs. Unusual ocean behavior like rapid water withdrawal or roaring noises signals an incoming tsunami. 2 Move to higher ground immediately if you observe these signs.
Second, know evacuation routes. Coastal areas often have designated tsunami evacuation zones. 3 Practice traveling these routes to ensure familiarity.
Third, participate in drills. Local governments organize tsunami simulations to test preparedness. 4 These exercises help identify weaknesses in emergency plans.
Fourth, stay informed. Use NOAA’s Tsunami Warning System or local alerts for updates. 5 Avoid returning to coastal areas until authorities declare it safe.
A. Natural signs provide critical early warnings.
B. Community involvement is key to effective preparedness.
C. Technological tools enable real-time hazard monitoring.
D. Evacuation route familiarity reduces panic during crises.
E. Tsunami preparedness requires a combination of knowledge and action.
F. Tsunami waves can travel at speeds exceeding 500 miles per hour.
G. Delayed evacuation increases the risk of being caught in rising waters.
词汇积累
devastating (adj.)：毁灭性的
withdrawal (n.)：退去
simulation (n.)：模拟
hazard (n.)：危险
exceed (v.)：超过
翻译练习
迅速撤离到高地是应对海啸的最有效措施。（evacuate to higher ground）
参与社区演练可以提高居民的应急反应速度。（community drills）
海啸预警系统能够为沿海地区争取宝贵的逃生时间。（warning system）
拔高篇
Passage 5: Psychological Resilience After Disasters
难度
Natural disasters leave both physical and emotional scars. Building psychological resilience is crucial for recovery. 1 Here’s how to cope.
First, acknowledge your emotions. It’s normal to feel grief, anxiety, or anger after a disaster. 2 Talk to family, friends, or mental health professionals about your experiences.
Second, establish routines. Re-establishing daily habits like regular meals and sleep provides stability. 3 This predictability helps reduce stress and restore a sense of control.
Third, focus on small goals. Break recovery into manageable tasks, such as cleaning debris or reconnecting with loved ones. 4 Each achievement boosts confidence and motivation.
Fourth, seek social support. Join community groups or support networks for survivors. 5 Sharing stories and coping strategies fosters a sense of belonging.
A. Emotional processing is essential for long-term healing.
B. Routine re-establishment anchors individuals during chaos.
C. Social connections mitigate feelings of isolation and despair.
D. Small accomplishments build momentum toward recovery.
E. Psychological resilience determines the speed of post-disaster recovery.
F. Disasters disrupt lives, but proactive coping strategies restore normalcy.
G. Mental health support should be a priority in post-disaster relief efforts.
词汇积累
resilience (n.)：韧性
grief (n.)：悲伤
stability (n.)：稳定
momentum (n.)：动力
mitigate (v.)：减轻
翻译练习
承认并接受灾难后的情绪反应是恢复的第一步。（acknowledge emotions）
建立规律的生活作息有助于缓解灾后的焦虑情绪。（daily routines）
参与支持小组可以帮助幸存者分享经验，重建信心。（support groups）
Passage 6: Sustainable Disaster Recovery
难度
Disaster recovery should prioritize sustainability to prevent future crises. Balancing reconstruction with environmental protection is key. 1 Here’s how to achieve this.
First, adopt green building practices. Use recycled materials and energy-efficient designs in reconstruction. 2 This reduces carbon emissions and promotes long-term resilience.
Second, restore ecosystems. Rebuilding wetlands or reforestation projects mitigate flood and landslide risks. 3 Healthy ecosystems act as natural barriers against disasters.
Third, invest in renewable energy. Replace damaged infrastructure with solar or wind power systems. 4 This reduces reliance on fossil fuels and enhances energy security.
Fourth, involve local communities. Engage residents in recovery planning to ensure cultural and environmental considerations. 5 Community-driven initiatives foster ownership and sustainability.
A. Environmental restoration complements structural rebuilding.
B. Sustainable practices create a cycle of resilience and ecological health.
C. Renewable energy adoption aligns with global climate goals.
D. Local involvement ensures recovery efforts reflect community needs.
E. Green building reduces vulnerability to future environmental stressors.
F. Disaster recovery offers an opportunity to build back better.
G. Ecosystem restoration projects require collaboration between governments and NGOs.
词汇积累
mitigate (v.)：减轻 reforestation (n.)：重新造林
reliance (n.)：依赖
ownership (n.)：主人翁意识
alignment (n.)：一致
翻译练习
采用绿色建筑材料可以提高建筑物的抗灾能力。（green building materials）
2. 恢复湿地和森林有助于减少洪水和泥石流的发生。（ecosystem restoration）
3. 社区参与灾后重建能确保方案的可行性和可持续性。（community involvement）
Passage 7: Technology in Disaster Management
难度
Advancements in technology are transforming disaster prediction and response. From AI to drones, these tools save lives and resources. 1 Here’s how they’re used.
First, AI-powered early warning systems. Machine learning models analyze seismic or weather data to predict disasters. 2 This allows authorities to issue timely evacuation orders.
Second, drones for reconnaissance. Unmanned aerial vehicles assess damage and locate survivors. 3 Their aerial perspective identifies hard-to-reach areas.
Third, blockchain for aid distribution. Digital ledgers track donations and supplies to prevent fraud. 4 This transparency ensures resources reach those in need.
Fourth, satellite imagery. High-resolution photos monitor disaster progression and guide relief efforts. 5 Real-time data helps prioritize rescue operations.
A. AI algorithms improve prediction accuracy and response times.
B. Drones offer rapid and safe assessment capabilities.
C. Blockchain technology enhances accountability in relief efforts.
D. Satellite technology provides comprehensive situational awareness.
E. Technological innovation revolutionizes disaster management practices.
F. Early warning systems reduce casualties by 30-50% in some regions.
G. Each technological tool addresses specific challenges in disaster response.
词汇积累
reconnaissance (n.)：侦察
ledger (n.)：分类账
transparency (n.)：透明度
casualty (n.)：伤亡
accountability (n.)：责任
翻译练习
人工智能预警系统能够提前数小时预测地震和洪水。（AI early warning）
无人机在灾后救援中可以快速定位被困人员。（drones）
区块链技术确保救灾物资的透明分配。（blockchain）
Passage 8: International Disaster Relief Cooperation
难度
Natural disasters transcend national borders, requiring global collaboration. Organizations like the Red Cross and UNICEF lead international efforts. 1 Here’s how cooperation works.
First, resource sharing. Countries donate funds, equipment, and expertise to affected regions. 2 For example, Japan sends search-and-rescue teams to earthquake-stricken areas.
Second, knowledge exchange. International conferences share best practices in disaster preparedness. 3 This fosters innovation and standardization of protocols.
Third, joint training exercises. Multinational drills simulate disaster scenarios to improve coordination. 4 These exercises test communication and logistical capabilities.
Fourth, long-term support. Post-disaster reconstruction often involves multi-year partnerships. 5 This ensures sustainable recovery and prevents future vulnerabilities.
A. Global cooperation enhances the effectiveness of disaster response.
B. Resource donation ensures immediate assistance reaches victims.
C. Knowledge sharing accelerates the adoption of proven strategies.
D. Joint training improves interoperability between different teams.
E. Long-term partnerships address root causes of disaster vulnerability.
F. International organizations play a pivotal role in coordinating relief efforts.
G. Disaster diplomacy strengthens international relations during crises.
词汇积累
transcend (v.)：超越
protocol (n.)：协议
logistical (adj.)：后勤的
interoperability (n.)：互操作性
pivotal (adj.)：关键的
翻译练习
国际援助为受灾地区提供了急需的物资和技术支持。（international aid）
多国联合演练可以提高救援队伍的协同作战能力。（joint drills）
长期合作项目帮助受灾国家建立防灾减灾体系。（long-term partnerships）
