(共29张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS主题语境
人与社会——不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1．单个的动词-ing形式作定语，通常位于被修饰词前，其作用为：①表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途；②表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。
a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室
a working method＝a method for working 工作方法
falling leaves＝leaves that/which are falling 正在落下的叶子
the rising sun＝the sun that/which is rising 冉冉升起的太阳
2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，置于被修饰的名词之后，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，常表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。
The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School．
＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School．
正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。
The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor．
＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor．
怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。
[名师点津] (1)一些置于被修饰词前的动词-ing形式表示“令人……的”，它们实际上已转化为形容词。如：
surprising news 令人吃惊的消息
an exciting story 一个令人激动的故事
(2)动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；动词不定式作定语表示动作尚未或将要发生。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother．(表示动作正在进行)
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
The problem discussed at the meeting is very important．(表示动作已经完成)
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university．(表示动作将要发生)
大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。
(3)动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，如要表示逻辑上的被动关系，则用动词-ing形式的被动形式即being done。
The man talking to Tim is his uncle．
和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。
The topic being discussed at the moment is about music．
＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music．
现在正在被讨论的话题是关于音乐的。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Among those ______ (take) part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier．
②The topic ______________ (discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention．
③The boys ________ (gather) at the school gate are my classmates．
④For its 10th anniversary，as a fan of the English newspaper Youth，I want to share my _______ (read) experience．
⑤The ________ (sleep) baby is my sister's son，who is so lovely that we all love him．
taking
being discussed
gathering
reading
sleeping
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul．
＝Serving the people heart and soul is our duty．
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
2．表明主语的性质和特征，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这些词貌似动词-ing形式，其实已转化为形容词了。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging．
你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。
The news is exciting．
这则消息令人兴奋。
[名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式与动词不定式作表语的区别：
①动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作。
Her hobby is collecting stamps．
她的爱好是集邮。
②动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
His wish is to build a learning club for the kids．
他的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。
(2)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
I was deeply moved by his moving words．
我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。
The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised．
他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①My first job was _______ (work) at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old．
②The situation both at home and abroad is very ________ (inspire)．
③As the saying goes，“To grasp all is _______ (lose) all．”
④From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was _______ (amaze)．
⑤John's bad habit is _______ (read) without thorough understanding．
working
inspiring
to lose
amazing
reading
用所给词的适当形式填空
There were a lot of people 1．________ (gather) at the square．A fireworks show was 2．_________．People 3．________ (stand) at the square talked about it with great excitement．Suddenly，the fireworks went off in the sky．The sight was really 4．________(amaze)． The crowd couldn't help 5．______ (cry) with joy．My youngest sister was smiling broadly．Her 6．_______ (smile) face suggested that she was quite happy．
gathering
to be held
standing
amazing
crying
smiling
①inner adj．内部的；里面的；内心的
②autonomous adj．自治的；有自治权的
③region n．地区；区域；地带
China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 中国内蒙古自治区
④fall vi．发生
课下预习 第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
⑤the lunar calendar 农历
⑥represent vt．象征；代表；相当于
⑦wrestling n．摔跤运动
wrestle vi．& vt．摔跤；奋力对付
wrestler n．摔跤运动员
⑧archery n．射箭术；射箭运动
⑨set off 出发；动身；启程
⑩fancy adj．花哨的；精致的；昂贵的vt．想要；倾慕；自认为是
robe n．袍服；礼袍
take photographs 拍照
from near and far 从四面八方
the opening ceremony 开幕式
be different from 与……不同；不同于
round n．回合
by weight 按重量
eagle n．雕
be moved by 被……感动或打动
grace n．优美；优雅；高雅
strength and grace 刚与柔
absolutely adv．绝对地；完全地
horse races 赛马
run faster and farther 跑得更快、更远
all their lives 他们的一生
moment n．片刻；瞬间
at the heart of 在……的中心
be totally worth it 是完全值得的
tent n．帐篷
a traditional Mongolian tent 一个传统的蒙古包
pot n．罐；壶；锅
MY AMAZING NAADAM EXPERIENCE
I experienced the Naadam Festival in China's Inner①Mongolia Autonomous② Region③for the first time this year．The festival falls④on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar⑤， usually lasting for three days．Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented⑥by three events: horse racing, wrestling⑦， and archery⑧， which are all so exciting to watch！[1]
[1]该句中第一个and连接表示顺承关系的并列分句，关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的horse racing, wrestling, and archery。
On the first day, I set off⑨to the games early with my friend Burin．I saw a lot of people wearing fancy⑩ Mongolian robes ．Some were feeding their horses，some were practising archery，and others were chatting or taking photographs ．Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries．[2]
[2]该句中told me后是that引导的宾语从句，as引导方式状语从句。
After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began．Mongolian wrestling is different from the wrestling in the Olympic Games．There are no rounds ， and wrestlers are not separated by weight ．The wrestler loses if any part of his body above his knee touches the ground．[3] After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles ．[4] I was quite moved by their show of strength and grace ．
[3]该句中if引导条件状语从句。
[4]该句中waving their arms in the air为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状
语，as if引导方式状语从句。
I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part．However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther ．[5] At first, I was a little worried about the children's safety, but Burin said, “Don't worry．They've been riding horses all their lives ．They'll be just fine．” That was the moment I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”． [6] ...
[5]该句中I heard后是省略了that的宾语从句，because引导表语从句。
[6]该句中the moment后是省略了关系副词when的定语从句，why引导宾语从句。
I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it ．[7] He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and eat hot pot ．I can't wait!
[7]该句中feeling really tired为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，celebrating Naadam with my friend为动词-ing形式短语作主语。
我的那达慕大会奇妙经历
今年，我第一次体验了中国内蒙古自治区的那达慕大会。该节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常持续三天。“那达慕”在蒙古语中的意思是“游戏”，主要表现为三大赛事：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每项运动都动人心魄！
(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。我看到很多人穿着精致的蒙古长袍。有的在喂马，有的在练习射箭，其他人则在聊天或拍照。布林告诉我说，与他们数百年前的祖先一样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这一节日。
在开幕式和几项精彩的表演之后，摔跤比赛开始了。蒙古式摔跤与奥运会的摔跤比赛有所不同：比赛不分回合，摔跤手不分体重。如果摔跤手膝盖以上任何部位着地即被判输。几首歌唱毕，选手们开始在绿色的场地上翩翩起舞，他们挥动着双臂，宛如雄鹰。这刚与柔的展示深深地打动了我。
射箭同样令我叹为观止，但赛马才是我最喜爱的部分。然而，看到赛马选手们都是男孩和女孩，我十分惊讶！我听说这是因为儿童体重更轻，马儿才能跑得更快、更远。刚开始的时候，我有点担心这些孩子的安全，但布林却说：“别担心，他们是在马背上长大的，不会有事的。”就在那时候明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”了。……
现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度那达慕大会是完全值得的。他邀请我冬天时再去住传统的蒙古包，吃火锅。我已经迫不及待了！
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1．单个的动词-ing形式作定语，通常位于被修饰词前，其作用为：①表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途；②表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。
a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室
a working method＝a method for working工作方法
falling leaves＝leaves that/which are falling正在落下的叶子
the rising sun＝the sun that/which is rising冉冉升起的太阳
2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，置于被修饰的名词之后，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，常表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。
The students running along the street are from No．3 Middle School．
＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No．3 Middle School．
正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。
The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor．
＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor．
怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。
[名师点津] (1)一些置于被修饰词前的动词-ing形式表示“令人……的”，它们实际上已转化为形容词。如：
surprising news令人吃惊的消息
an exciting story一个令人激动的故事
(2)动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；动词不定式作定语表示动作尚未或将要发生。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother．(表示动作正在进行)
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
The problem discussed at the meeting is very important．(表示动作已经完成)
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university．(表示动作将要发生)
大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。
(3)动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，如要表示逻辑上的被动关系，则用动词-ing形式的被动形式即being done。
The man talking to Tim is his uncle．
和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。
The topic being discussed at the moment is about music．
＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music．
现在正在被讨论的话题是关于音乐的。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Among those (take) part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier．
②The topic (discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention．
③The boys (gather) at the school gate are my classmates．
④For its 10th anniversary，as a fan of the English newspaper Youth，I want to share my (read) experience．
⑤The (sleep) baby is my sister's son，who is so lovely that we all love him．
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul．
＝Serving the people heart and soul is our duty．
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
2．表明主语的性质和特征，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这些词貌似动词-ing形式，其实已转化为形容词了。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging．
你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。
The news is exciting．
这则消息令人兴奋。
[名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式与动词不定式作表语的区别：
①动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作。
Her hobby is collecting stamps．
她的爱好是集邮。
②动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
His wish is to build a learning club for the kids．
他的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。
(2)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别：
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
I was deeply moved by his moving words．
我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。
The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised．
他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①My first job was (work) at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old．
②The situation both at home and abroad is very (inspire)．
③As the saying goes，“To grasp all is (lose) all．”
④From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was (amaze)．
⑤John's bad habit is (read) without thorough understanding．
用所给词的适当形式填空
There were a lot of people 1． (gather) at the square．A fireworks show was 2． ．People 3． (stand) at the square talked about it with great excitement．Suddenly，the fireworks went off in the sky．The sight was really 4． (amaze)． The crowd couldn't help 5． (cry) with joy．My youngest sister was smiling broadly．Her 6． (smile) face suggested that she was quite happy．
第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
①inner adj．内部的；里面的；内心的
②autonomous adj．自治的；有自治权的
③region n．地区；区域；地带
China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region中国内蒙古自治区
④fall vi．发生
⑤the lunar calendar农历
⑥represent vt．象征；代表；相当于
⑦wrestling n．摔跤运动
wrestle vi．& vt．摔跤；奋力对付
wrestler n．摔跤运动员
⑧archery n．射箭术；射箭运动
⑨set off 出发；动身；启程
⑩fancy adj．花哨的；精致的；昂贵的vt．想要；倾慕；自认为是
robe n．袍服；礼袍
take photographs拍照
from near and far从四面八方
the opening ceremony开幕式
be different from与……不同；不同于
round n．回合
by weight按重量
eagle n．雕
be moved by被……感动或打动
grace n．优美；优雅；高雅
strength and grace刚与柔
absolutely adv．绝对地；完全地
horse races赛马
run faster and farther跑得更快、更远
all their lives他们的一生
moment n．片刻；瞬间
at the heart of在……的中心
be totally worth it是完全值得的
tent n．帐篷
a traditional Mongolian tent一个传统的蒙古包
pot n．罐；壶；锅
MY AMAZING NAADAM EXPERIENCE
I experienced the Naadam Festival in China's Inner①Mongolia Autonomous② Region③for the first time this year．The festival falls④on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar⑤， usually lasting for three days．Naadam means “games” in Mongolian, and it is represented⑥by three events: horse racing, wrestling⑦， and archery⑧， which are all so exciting to watch！[1]
[1]该句中第一个and连接表示顺承关系的并列分句，关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的horse racing, wrestling, and archery。
On the first day, I set off⑨to the games early with my friend Burin．I saw a lot of people wearing fancy⑩ Mongolian robes ．Some were feeding their horses，some were practising archery，and others were chatting or taking photographs ．Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival, just as their ancestors had done for centuries．[2]
[2]该句中told me后是that引导的宾语从句，as引导方式状语从句。
After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began．Mongolian wrestling is different from the wrestling in the Olympic Games．There are no rounds ， and wrestlers are not separated by weight ．The wrestler loses if any part of his body above his knee touches the ground．[3] After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles ．[4] I was quite moved by their show of strength and grace ．
[3]该句中if引导条件状语从句。
[4]该句中waving their arms in the air为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，as if引导方式状语从句。
I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part．However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther ．[5] At first, I was a little worried about the children's safety, but Burin said, “Don't worry．They've been riding horses all their lives ．They'll be just fine．” That was the moment I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”． [6] ...
[5]该句中I heard后是省略了that的宾语从句，because引导表语从句。
[6]该句中the moment后是省略了关系副词when的定语从句，why引导宾语从句。
I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it ．[7] He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and eat hot pot ．I can't wait!
[7]该句中feeling really tired为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语，celebrating Naadam with my friend为动词-ing形式短语作主语。
我的那达慕大会奇妙经历
今年，我第一次体验了中国内蒙古自治区的那达慕大会。该节日于每年农历六月初四开始，通常持续三天。“那达慕”在蒙古语中的意思是“游戏”，主要表现为三大赛事：赛马、摔跤和射箭，每项运动都动人心魄！
(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。我看到很多人穿着精致的蒙古长袍。有的在喂马，有的在练习射箭，其他人则在聊天或拍照。布林告诉我说，与他们数百年前的祖先一样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这一节日。
在开幕式和几项精彩的表演之后，摔跤比赛开始了。蒙古式摔跤与奥运会的摔跤比赛有所不同：比赛不分回合，摔跤手不分体重。如果摔跤手膝盖以上任何部位着地即被判输。几首歌唱毕，选手们开始在绿色的场地上翩翩起舞，他们挥动着双臂，宛如雄鹰。这刚与柔的展示深深地打动了我。
射箭同样令我叹为观止，但赛马才是我最喜爱的部分。然而，看到赛马选手们都是男孩和女孩，我十分惊讶！我听说这是因为儿童体重更轻，马儿才能跑得更快、更远。刚开始的时候，我有点担心这些孩子的安全，但布林却说：“别担心，他们是在马背上长大的，不会有事的。”就在那时候明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”了。……
现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度那达慕大会是完全值得的。他邀请我冬天时再去住传统的蒙古包，吃火锅。我已经迫不及待了！
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①taking ②being discussed ③gathering ④reading ⑤sleeping
[即时训练2]
①working ②inspiring ③to lose ④amazing ⑤reading
巩固落实
1．gathering 2．to be held 3．standing 4．amazing 5．crying
6．smiling
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