(共43张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
主题语境
人与自我——优秀品行
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
(1)whisper (sth．) to sb． 与某人悄声说(……)
It is whispered that... 据传……
(2)in a whisper 低声地；悄声地
1．whisper vi．& vt．悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He whispered __ her so that no one else would hear．
②“What is it？”he asked __ a whisper．
③据传闻，他负债累累。
________________ he is heavily in debt．
to
in
It is whispered that
pass sth．down 使世代相传；流传
pass...off as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
pass...on to... 把……传递给……
pass by 通过；经过(……旁边)
2．pass away 去世
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She passed _____ peacefully in her sleep．
②On the way to the tube station she passed __ a cinema．
③昨天迈克没有上学，因为他不想把感冒传染给同学们。
Mike was absent from school yesterday，as he didn't want to_________
__________________．
away
by
pass on his
cold to the classmates
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行的动作或存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示“感觉”的感官动词：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，spot，notice，observe等。
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder．
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
All of us watched the chemistry teacher conducting the experiment．
我们所有人都看着化学老师在进行这个实验。
2．表示“使；让”的使役动词：have，keep，get，leave，let，set，make，send等。
We won't have you doing that．
我们不允许你那么做。
His words got me thinking．
他的话使我思考起来。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on．
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous．
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①In the crowded cafe，I heard a friendly voice ______ (say)，“You can share my table．”
②With the mid-term examination ___________ (approach)，she had butterflies in her stomach and couldn't sleep well．
③(2022·浙江卷)One day，while driving near her home，she saw a dog _________ (wander) on the road，clearly lost．
④Tom and his brother kept themselves ______ (lock) in the room all night．
⑤Don't leave her _______ (wait) outside in the rain．
saying
approaching
wandering
locked
waiting
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1．作时间状语
动词-ing形式作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise，I turned around．
＝When I heard the noise，I turned around．
听到响声我转过身去。
Walking in the street，I came across my Chinese teacher．
＝When/While I walked in the street，I came across my Chinese teacher．
在街上散步时，我碰巧遇见了我的语文老师。
2．作原因状语
动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。
Having lived in the village for years，I know everyone quite well．
＝Because I have lived in the village for years，I know everyone quite well．
因为在这个村里住了很多年，所以我熟悉每个人。
Nancy rang him up，hoping to get his support．
＝Nancy rang him up，because she hoped to get his support．
南希给他打电话，因为她希望得到他的支持。
3．作条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard，you'll certainly succeed．
＝If you work hard，you'll certainly succeed．
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
Seeing from the top of the hill，you will get a better view of the valley．
＝If you see from the top of the hill，you will get a better view of the valley．
如果从山顶看，你会更清晰地看到这个山谷。
4．作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示自然而然、意料之中的结果，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。动词-ing形式前可带thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．
＝More highways have been built in China so that it is much easier for people to travel from one place to another．
中国建了很多公路，这使人们从一个地方到另一个地方变得更容易了。
The flood hit this area，thus causing great damage to the crops．
＝The flood hit this area so that it caused great damage to the crops．
洪水袭击了这一地区，对庄稼造成了很大的伤害。
[名师点津] 动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，有时候前面可以加only，表示未曾料到的、不愉快的结果。
Tony opened the door，only to find the room was empty．
托尼打开了门，结果发现房间是空的。
5．作让步状语
动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Being poor，the couple lived a happy life．
＝Although they were poor，the couple lived a happy life．
虽然穷，但这对夫妇过着快乐的生活。
Feeling tired，they continued to work hard here．
＝Although/Though they felt tired，they continued to work hard here．
虽然感觉累，但他们继续在这里努力工作。
6．作方式和伴随状语
动词-ing形式作方式和伴随状语时，说明谓语发生的背景和情况，表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作，此时它可转换成由and连接的并列成分。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book．
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book．
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
The children walked out of the room，laughing and talking merrily．
＝The children walked out of the room and laughed and talked merrily．
孩子们高兴地谈笑着走出了房间。
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要根据时间，确定用动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)还是完成式(having done)。
当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式；当动词-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前时，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Walking in the park，I met an old friend of mine．
在公园散步时，我遇见了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
Having finished the letter，he went to post it．
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
2．动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy．
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(动词-ing形式的被动式)
Having finished his homework，he went to bed．
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。(动词-ing形式的主动式)
3．动词-ing形式的否定式是在动词-ing形式前加上not，never等否定词。
Not knowing how to find the subway，I asked a policeman for help．
我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
4．动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
The train having gone，we had to wait another day．
火车已经离开了，我们只好再等一天。(the train having gone为独立主格结构)
5．动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking 坦率地说， honestly speaking老实说， judging by/from从……判断， speaking of 说到……， talking of谈到……，taking...into consideration考虑到……等。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad．
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Taking the weather into consideration，we put off the sports meeting．
考虑到天气情况，我们推迟了运动会。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside，_______ (close) the door securely behind me．
②(2023·浙江1月卷)When I opened my hand，the bird did not fly away；she sat _______ (look) at me with her bright eyes．
③______________ (dress)up，we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations．
④Generally ________ (speak)，women are more patient than men．
⑤_____________ (repair)，the swimming pool won't open until next month．
closing
looking
Having dressed
speaking
Being repaired
用所给词的适当形式填空
Dear Sir，
1．________ (read) about your newspaper's decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment，I decided to write you this letter．The state of our park is very shocking，with rubbish 2．_____ (lie) everywhere．I used to find a trip to the park 3．_______ (relax)．
Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds would sing happily in the park．I enjoyed this very much．However，now I just find it
Reading
lying
relaxing
4．______ (tire)，because I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit．5．______ (see) the grass covered with plastic bags and food waste，I am sad and angry．I don't understand why the young people of today don't clean before they leave the park．There are so many interesting animals and insects 6．______ (live) in our parks．It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there．
Yours，
Wang Tao
tiring
Seeing
living
①once upon a time 从前
②expect sb．to do sth．期待某人做某事
③have an idea 想到一个主意
④disguise vt．装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具
disguise oneself 乔装打扮
课下预习 第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
⑤maple n．枫树；槭树
a huge maple tree 一棵大枫树
⑥cart n．手推车；运货马车
⑦crash into 撞到
⑧spill vt．&vi．(使)洒出；(使)溢出
⑨pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来
⑩come along 走过来
trip over 被……绊倒
limp vi．跛行；一瘸一拐地走
limp away 一瘸一拐地走开
tear n．眼泪；泪水
in tears 流着泪；含着泪
complain about 埋怨
make an attempt to do sth．试着做某事
despair n．绝望；vi．绝望；感到无望
in despair 处于绝望中
harm n．&vt．伤害；损害
keep sb．from harm 让某人免遭不测
all day 一整天
after dark 天黑以后
might n．力量；威力
with all one's might 使出全身力气
a great deal of 大量的……
succeeded in doing sth．成功做某事
step out 走出来
from behind the tree 从树后
belong to 属于
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
Once upon a time①there was a king who often thought，“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve②their problems．”[1] One day，he had an idea③．
[1]该句中who often thought为定语从句，修饰先行词a king；whose people...也是定语从句，修饰先行词a nation。
Early one morning，the king disguised④himself and went to a local village．He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone．Then he hid behind a huge maple⑤tree and watched．
The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart⑥．He crashed into⑦the stone，spilling⑧ the milk everywhere．“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted． [2] He picked himself up⑨ and angrily went away．
[2]该句中spilling the milk everywhere为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
After a while，a group of women came along⑩，each balancing a pot of water on her head．[3] One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground．She picked herself up and limped away in tears ．Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road．
[3]该句中each balancing a pot of water on her head为独立主格结构作伴随状语。
The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone，but he found nobody making an attempt to move it．[4] The king was in despair ．“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm ？”
[4]该句中as引导状语从句；making an attempt to move it为动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
Just then，the king saw a young girl coming along．She was the daughter of a local farmer．She had been working all day and was very tired．But when she saw the stone，she said to herself，“This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark ．I'll move it out of the way．”
The girl pushed the stone with all her might ．After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street．Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！[5]
[5]该句中when引导时间状语从句；where引导地点状语从句。
Just then，the king stepped out from behind the tree ．“Oh sir，” the girl said，“does this gold belong to you If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it．”
The king said，“My dear，the gold is mine．I put it in the road and moved the stone over it．Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people．” [6]
[6]该句中because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only person；I wanted to teach my people为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the lesson。
挡道的石头
从前有个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。” 有一天，他想到一个办法。
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一个村庄。他在主路中间放了一块大石头，并且在石头下面藏了金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。
路上走来的第一个人是推着车子的送奶工。他撞到石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是，他大喊：“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这儿了？” 他从地上爬起来，气呼呼地走了。
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想过把石头从路中间挪开。
国王观察了一整天，看到许多人都在埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。国王绝望了。“难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？”
就在这时，国王看见一个年轻的姑娘迎面走来。小姑娘是当地一位农民的女儿。忙活了一天，她疲惫不堪。然而，当她看到那块石头，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。”
女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。费了好大一番工夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。”
国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一人学会了。”
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
1．whisper vi．& vt．悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
(1)whisper (sth．) to sb． 与某人悄声说(……)
It is whispered that... 据传……
(2)in a whisper 低声地；悄声地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He whispered her so that no one else would hear．
②“What is it？”he asked a whisper．
③据传闻，他负债累累。
he is heavily in debt．
2．pass away去世
pass sth．down 使世代相传；流传
pass...off as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
pass...on to... 把……传递给……
pass by 通过；经过(……旁边)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She passed peacefully in her sleep．
②On the way to the tube station she passed a cinema．
③昨天迈克没有上学，因为他不想把感冒传染给同学们。
Mike was absent from school yesterday，as he didn't want to ．
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行的动作或存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示“感觉”的感官动词：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，spot，notice，observe等。
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder．
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
All of us watched the chemistry teacher conducting the experiment．
我们所有人都看着化学老师在进行这个实验。
2．表示“使；让”的使役动词：have，keep，get，leave，let，set，make，send等。
We won't have you doing that．
我们不允许你那么做。
His words got me thinking．
他的话使我思考起来。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on．
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous．
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①In the crowded cafe，I heard a friendly voice (say)，“You can share my table．”
②With the mid-term examination (approach)，she had butterflies in her stomach and couldn't sleep well．
③(2022·浙江卷)One day，while driving near her home，she saw a dog (wander) on the road，clearly lost．
④Tom and his brother kept themselves (lock) in the room all night．
⑤Don't leave her (wait) outside in the rain．
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1．作时间状语
动词-ing形式作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise，I turned around．
＝When I heard the noise，I turned around．
听到响声我转过身去。
Walking in the street，I came across my Chinese teacher．
＝When/While I walked in the street，I came across my Chinese teacher．
在街上散步时，我碰巧遇见了我的语文老师。
2．作原因状语
动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。
Having lived in the village for years，I know everyone quite well．
＝Because I have lived in the village for years，I know everyone quite well．
因为在这个村里住了很多年，所以我熟悉每个人。
Nancy rang him up，hoping to get his support．
＝Nancy rang him up，because she hoped to get his support．
南希给他打电话，因为她希望得到他的支持。
3．作条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard，you'll certainly succeed．
＝If you work hard，you'll certainly succeed．
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
Seeing from the top of the hill，you will get a better view of the valley．
＝If you see from the top of the hill，you will get a better view of the valley．
如果从山顶看，你会更清晰地看到这个山谷。
4．作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示自然而然、意料之中的结果，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。动词-ing形式前可带thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．
＝More highways have been built in China so that it is much easier for people to travel from one place to another．
中国建了很多公路，这使人们从一个地方到另一个地方变得更容易了。
The flood hit this area，thus causing great damage to the crops．
＝The flood hit this area so that it caused great damage to the crops．
洪水袭击了这一地区，对庄稼造成了很大的伤害。
[名师点津] 动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，有时候前面可以加only，表示未曾料到的、不愉快的结果。
Tony opened the door，only to find the room was empty．
托尼打开了门，结果发现房间是空的。
5．作让步状语
动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Being poor，the couple lived a happy life．
＝Although they were poor，the couple lived a happy life．
虽然穷，但这对夫妇过着快乐的生活。
Feeling tired，they continued to work hard here．
＝Although/Though they felt tired，they continued to work hard here．
虽然感觉累，但他们继续在这里努力工作。
6．作方式和伴随状语
动词-ing形式作方式和伴随状语时，说明谓语发生的背景和情况，表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作，此时它可转换成由and连接的并列成分。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book．
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book．
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
The children walked out of the room，laughing and talking merrily．
＝The children walked out of the room and laughed and talked merrily．
孩子们高兴地谈笑着走出了房间。
三、动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时，要根据时间，确定用动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)还是完成式(having done)。
当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式；当动词-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前时，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Walking in the park，I met an old friend of mine．
在公园散步时，我遇见了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
Having finished the letter，he went to post it．
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
2．动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy．
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(动词-ing形式的被动式)
Having finished his homework，he went to bed．
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。(动词-ing形式的主动式)
3．动词-ing形式的否定式是在动词-ing形式前加上not，never等否定词。
Not knowing how to find the subway，I asked a policeman for help．
我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
4．动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
The train having gone，we had to wait another day．
火车已经离开了，我们只好再等一天。(the train having gone为独立主格结构)
5．动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking 坦率地说， honestly speaking老实说， judging by/from从……判断， speaking of 说到……， talking of谈到……，taking...into consideration考虑到……等。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad．
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
Taking the weather into consideration，we put off the sports meeting．
考虑到天气情况，我们推迟了运动会。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside， (close) the door securely behind me．
②(2023·浙江1月卷)When I opened my hand，the bird did not fly away；she sat (look) at me with her bright eyes．
③ (dress)up，we went out to have some good local food and enjoy the celebrations．
④Generally (speak)，women are more patient than men．
⑤ (repair)，the swimming pool won't open until next month．
用所给词的适当形式填空
Dear Sir，
1． (read) about your newspaper's decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment，I decided to write you this letter．The state of our park is very shocking，with rubbish 2． (lie) everywhere．I used to find a trip to the park 3． (relax)．Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds would sing happily in the park．I enjoyed this very much．However，now I just find it 4． (tire)，because I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit．5． (see) the grass covered with plastic bags and food waste，I am sad and angry．I don't understand why the young people of today don't clean before they leave the park．There are so many interesting animals and insects 6． (live) in our parks．It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there．
Yours，
Wang Tao
第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
①once upon a time从前
②expect sb．to do sth．期待某人做某事
③have an idea想到一个主意
④disguise vt．装扮；假扮；掩盖n．伪装；化装用具
disguise oneself乔装打扮
⑤maple n．枫树；槭树
a huge maple tree一棵大枫树
⑥cart n．手推车；运货马车
⑦crash into撞到
⑧spill vt．&vi．
(使)洒出；(使)溢出
⑨pick oneself up(跌倒后)爬起来
⑩come along走过来
trip over 被……绊倒
limp vi．跛行；一瘸一拐地走
limp away一瘸一拐地走开
tear n．眼泪；泪水
in tears 流着泪；含着泪
complain about埋怨
make an attempt to do sth．试着做某事
despair n．绝望；vi．绝望；感到无望
in despair 处于绝望中
harm n．&vt．伤害；损害
keep sb．from harm让某人免遭不测
all day一整天
after dark天黑以后
might n．力量；威力
with all one's might使出全身力气
a great deal of 大量的……
succeeded in doing sth．成功做某事
step out走出来
from behind the tree从树后
belong to属于
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
Once upon a time①there was a king who often thought，“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve②their problems．”[1] One day，he had an idea③．
[1]该句中who often thought为定语从句，修饰先行词a king；whose people...也是定语从句，修饰先行词a nation。
Early one morning，the king disguised④himself and went to a local village．He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone．Then he hid behind a huge maple⑤tree and watched．
The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart⑥．He crashed into⑦the stone，spilling⑧ the milk everywhere．“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted． [2] He picked himself up⑨ and angrily went away．
[2]该句中spilling the milk everywhere为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
After a while，a group of women came along⑩，each balancing a pot of water on her head．[3] One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground．She picked herself up and limped away in tears ．Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road．
[3]该句中each balancing a pot of water on her head为独立主格结构作伴随状语。
The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone，but he found nobody making an attempt to move it．[4] The king was in despair ．“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm ？”
[4]该句中as引导状语从句；making an attempt to move it为动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语。
Just then，the king saw a young girl coming along．She was the daughter of a local farmer．She had been working all day and was very tired．But when she saw the stone，she said to herself，“This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark ．I'll move it out of the way．”
The girl pushed the stone with all her might ．After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street．Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！[5]
[5]该句中when引导时间状语从句；where引导地点状语从句。
Just then，the king stepped out from behind the tree ．“Oh sir，” the girl said，“does this gold belong to you If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it．”
The king said，“My dear，the gold is mine．I put it in the road and moved the stone over it．Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people．” [6]
[6]该句中because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only person；I wanted to teach my people为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the lesson。
挡道的石头
从前有个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。” 有一天，他想到一个办法。
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一个村庄。他在主路中间放了一块大石头，并且在石头下面藏了金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。
路上走来的第一个人是推着车子的送奶工。他撞到石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是，他大喊：“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这儿了？” 他从地上爬起来，气呼呼地走了。
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想过把石头从路中间挪开。
国王观察了一整天，看到许多人都在埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。国王绝望了。“难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？”
就在这时，国王看见一个年轻的姑娘迎面走来。小姑娘是当地一位农民的女儿。忙活了一天，她疲惫不堪。然而，当她看到那块石头，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。”
女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。费了好大一番工夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。”
国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一人学会了。”
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①to ②in ③It is whispered that
2．①away ②by ③pass on his cold to the classmates
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①saying ②approaching ③wandering ④locked
⑤waiting
[即时训练2]
①closing ②looking ③Having dressed ④speaking
⑤Being repaired
巩固落实
1．Reading 2．lying 3．relaxing 4．tiring 5．Seeing 6．living
