(共69张PPT)
Period 4
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
主题语境
人与社会——戏剧剧本
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
(1)with the intention/aim of 为了；以……为目的；意图
(2)intend v． 想要；打算；意欲
intend doing/to do sth． 打算/想要做某事
intend sb．to do sth． 计划让某人做某事
1．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的
be intended for/to do… 预定……用途；旨在……；
为……打算的
本打算做……(但实际未做) )
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①I intend them _______ (work) out the problem all by themselves．
②The programme，intended _____________ (help) the homeless，was set up．
③老师鼓励阅读，目的是开阔我们的眼界。
a．The teacher encourages reading ______________________________
________．(intention)
to work
helping/to help
with the intention of broadening our
horizons
b．The government encourages reading，________________________
________．(过去分词作状语)
c．The government encourages reading，_________________________
___________．(定语从句)
intended to broaden our
horizons
which is intended to broaden
our horizons
in case of 万一……，如果发生……
in that/this case 既然那样/这样；在那种/这种情况 下；如果是那样/这样的话
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in no case 决不(放句首时，句子部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
2．in case 以防；以防万一
[名师点津] (1)in case可用作连词，引导从句，也可以单独使用，常位于句末，相当于一个副词。
(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(3)当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The fireman held Peter's arm strongly __ case he went there．
②In case __ fire，we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible．
③___ is often the case，the old man runs down the street from his house．
④I shall in no case forget the expression on her face．
→____________________ the expression on her face．(倒装)
in
of
As
In no case shall I forget
情态动词和过去将来时
Ⅰ．情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想。
一、基本特征
1．在意义上，情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
2．在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化(be able to、have to除外)。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，其后需接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
二、常见情态动词及其用法
1．can/could
(1)表示能力
can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。
Jane isn't very good at maths or science，but she can speak English very well．
简不太擅长数学或科学，但她英语可以说得很好。
The maths question was so difficult that few students could work it out．
这道数学题很难，很少有学生能把它做出来。
[名师点津] 当表示“过去经过努力成功做到某事”时，应用be able to，不能用could。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain．
尽管昨天晚上下大雨，他还是参加了聚会。
(2)表示请求和允许
用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但could不能用于肯定答语中。
You can go home now．
你现在可以回家了。
—Can/Could I borrow your umbrella
——我可以借用一下你的雨伞吗？
—Yes，you can．(不能说Yes，you could．)
——当然可以。
(3)表示推测
表示说话人惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
What can they be doing
他们可能在做什么？
The news can't be true．
这个消息不可能是真的。
(4)can还可以表示客观的(或理论的)可能性，用来说明人或事物的特征。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days．
在这样的雨天，可能会发生事故。
A wise man can make mistakes．
一个聪明的人也可能犯错误。
2．must
(1)表示主观看法
must意为“必须，一定”，其否定形式mustn't意为“禁止，不允许”。回答must引导的一般疑问句，如果作否定回答，要用needn't 或don't have to，而不能用mustn't。
You must call him this evening．
今晚你必须给他打电话。
—Must we hand in our exercise books today
——今天我们必须交练习本吗？
—Yes，you must．/No，you don't have to/needn't．
——是的，你们必须交。/不，你们不必。
[名师点津] 表示“必须”时，must强调说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要；must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
The film isn't interesting，so I really must go now．
这部电影没意思，我现在真的要走了。
I had to work when I was your age．
我在你这个年龄时不得不工作。
(2)表示推测
must表示推测时，意为“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句。
You're Tom's good friend，so you must know what he likes best．
你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。
You answered all the questions correctly．You must have read lots of books．
你回答对了所有的问题。你一定读过很多书。
[即时训练1] 用适当的情态动词填空
①—_____ I finish the paper today
—No，you needn't．You can hand it in next week．
②You ___ use the following writing exercise to help you do this．
③They _____ not afford to pay for transportation for their dog，Tiffy，and desperately wanted to take her with them．
④Why ____ you argue with each other every day
Must
can
could
must
3．may/might
(1)表示请求和允许
用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的might并不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但might不能用于肯定答语中；否定回答用mustn't或can't，表示“不可以，禁止”。
You may leave when you have finished the work．
完成工作后，你可以离开。
—May/Might I smoke in this room
——我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗？
—Yes，you may．(不能用might)/No，you mustn't/can't．
——可以。/不可以。
(2)表示推测
两者都可以表示推测，只是might比may语气更不肯定，可能性更小。一般用于肯定句或否定陈述句， may/might not意为“可能不”。
He may/might know the answer．
他可能知道答案。
The boss may/might not be very busy now．
现在老板可能不是很忙。
(3)表达祝愿
在正式场合或书面语中，may可以用来表达祝愿。
May you be happy!
祝你幸福！
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
4．shall
(1)表示征求对方意见或许可
shall用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见或许可，表达此意时多用于第一、第三人称。
Shall we go to the film tonight
今晚我们去看电影好吗？
He has been waiting outside for nearly an hour．Shall he come in
他在外面等了接近一个小时了。他可以进来吗？
(2)表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁
shall用于陈述句第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
He shall be punished if he breaks the rule．
如果他违反制度，就会受到惩罚。
Tommy shall have a toy if he is a good boy．
如果汤米是个好孩子，他就会得到一个玩具。
5．should/ought to
(1)表示责任或义务
should/ought to表示责任或义务时，意为“应该”。
We should/ought to really go and visit them soon．
我们的确应该马上去看看他们。
We should/ought to help each other．
我们应该相互帮助。
(2)表示劝告、建议或命令
You should/ought to brush your teeth before you go to bed．
睡觉前你要刷牙。
You should/ought to go and ask the teacher．
你应该去问问老师。
(3)表示推测
should/ought to表示推测时，语气不如must肯定，意为“应该……；理应……”。
The photo should/ought to be ready tomorrow morning．
明天上午照片应该能冲洗出来。
Your car should be repaired by tomorrow afternoon．
你的车明天下午应该能修好。
[即时训练2] 用适当的情态动词填空
①It is raining heavily outside．You ______ as well stay here for the night．
②One of our rules is that every student _____ wear school uniform while at school．
③I promise if you work hard，you _____ have a holiday on Saturday．
④The meat ______ be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious．
might
shall
shall
should
6．will/would
(1)表示请求、建议等
表达此意时，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would此时并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you please tell me the way to the hospital
请告诉我去医院的路好吗？
would有时与like，love，prefer，be glad，be happy等连用，用于提出建议或邀请。
Would you like some tea or coffee
你喝点茶还是咖啡？
(2)表示意志、愿望和决心
will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。
If you will come，we'll be glad．
如果你愿意来，我们会很高兴。
He asked me if I would go to see the football match with him．
他问我是否愿意和他一起去看足球赛。
(3)表示习惯或倾向
will表示现在，would表示过去。
She will sit for hours without saying a word．
她经常坐几个小时而一言不发。
When he was young，he would often go skiing．
他年轻时经常去滑雪。
7．need/dare
(1)need(需要)和dare(敢)用作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中，一般不用于肯定句。dare还能用于条件句中。
You needn't worry．
你没必要担心。
Dare you tell her the truth
你敢告诉她真相吗？
If we dared not go there that day，we wouldn't get the beautiful flowers．
如果那天我们不敢去那儿，我们就得不到那些漂亮的花。
(2)dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式；在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
We dare to break a path unbeaten before．
我们敢于走前人未曾走过的新路。
He doesn't dare (to) answer．
他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today．
今天他需要完成作业。
[即时训练3] 用适当的情态动词填空
①Adapting to a new culture can be difficult．However，you ____ to step out of your comfort zone．
②“How ____ you say that to me？” the man said angrily pointing to the boy．
③We ____ never talk about that subject again．
④—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad
—No，you _______son．You are free to make your decision．
need
dare
will
needn't
8．情态动词＋have done
情态动词＋have done must have done 对过去的肯定推测，“过去肯……”
can't/couldn't have done 对过去的否定推测，“过去不可能做了……”
could have done 本来能够做而没做
may/might (not) have done 可能(没有)做过某事
should not/ought (not) to have done 本来该做而没做/本来不该做而做了
needn't have done 本来不必做却做了
It must have rained last night，for the road was quite wet．
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。
He couldn't have known the decision，because nobody had told him．
他不可能知道这个决定，因为没有人告诉他。
You could have made greater progress，but you didn't try your best．
你本能够取得更大的进步，但是你并没有尽全力。
You may/might have dropped it when you were shopping in the market．
你或许是在市场买东西的时候(把它)掉了。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study．
如果你真的认真对待学习，你本应该来上学的。
You needn't have telephoned him，for he had known the result．
你本不必给他打电话了，因为他已经知道结果了。
[即时训练4] 完成句子
①那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
It was an easy test and he _________________，but he didn't．
②她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。
She ___________________________，but I'm not sure．
should have passed
may have bought the dictionary
③你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
You ______________________ the Double Ninth Festival，but it is actually my favourite．
④你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
You ___________________________，for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days．
might have never heard of
needn't have booked the ticket
Ⅱ．过去将来时
1．过去将来时的用法和基本结构
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。过去将来时的基本结构是“would＋动词原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then，I realised something terrible would happen．
那时，我意识到糟糕的事情将要发生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday．
我哥哥告诉我他周六回来。
2．过去将来时的其他表示方法
(1)“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作，常用于口语中，表示预言、意图或打算等。
I was going to play basketball，but in the end I went to the cinema．
我打算去打篮球，但是最后我去看电影了。
He was going to start work the following week．
他打算下星期开始工作。
(2)was/were about to do意为“刚要/正要做……”，常用来表示过去即将发生的动作，不与任何时间状语连用。
When we were about to leave，the children waved their hands and thanked us for our kindness．
我们正要离开的时候，孩子们挥舞着双手，感谢我们的好意。
(3)start、go、come、leave、see、meet等动词可用过去进行时，表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine．
我刚穿上长大衣要去看我的一个朋友。
(4)was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事”；如果表示“本来计划做某事，但是没实现”，则用was/were to have done。
Last night，my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our class were to take at the weekend．
昨晚，我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的旅行。
[即时训练5] 单句语法填空
①She said the bus __________ (leave) at five the next morning．
②I wasn't sure whether he __________ (lend) me his book the next morning．
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job ______________ (become) the turning point in his life．
④He said he ________________ (visit) China the next week．
⑤In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits ________ (be) hard-earned．
was leaving
would lend
was to become
was going to visit
would be
用适当的情态动词完成下面短文
Miss Fang 1．________ read for very long with her eyes hurt．Her mother told her that she 2．______ go to hospital and see a doctor．
“You 3．______ see a doctor as soon as possible，”her mother said．
“You 4．__________ have poor eyesight．”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to hospital．The clerk said that the doctor 5．______ see her at 3:30 p.m．
couldn't
should
should
may/might
could
Miss Fang replied that she 6．______ not be able to be there at 3:30 p.m． because she had a class then．“The doctor 7．__________ see you at about ten to four，”the clerk suggested． “8．_____ I arrange the examination at about ten to four，or 9．______ you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she 10．__________ waste any more time．The teacher 11．_________ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier，as he was always so kind to everyone．And she replied，“I think I 12．____ make it at about ten to four．”
would
may/might
Shall
would
shouldn't
shouldn't
can
Miss Fang went to the class．She asked her teacher，“13．______________ I leave at 3:45 p.m． today My eyes hurt and I 14．_____ have an eye examination．”As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15．________．”
May/Can/Could
must
can/may
①tailor n．(男装)裁缝vt．专门制作；定做
a tailor's shop 一家裁缝店
②clerk n．职员；文书；店员
③manner n．举止；行为方式；方法； [pl．]礼貌；礼仪
in a...manner 以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
in a rude manner 态度粗鲁
课下预习 第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
④downstairs adv．顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
⑤stair n．楼梯；梯级
go down some stairs 走下几个台阶
⑥aside adv．到旁边；在旁边；留；存
pull sb．aside 把某人拉到一边
⑦get him out quick 快点把他打发走
⑧frown n．& vi．皱眉
with a frown 皱了皱眉头
⑨in a month 一个月后
⑩small change 零钱
judge people by their clothes 以貌取人
no trouble at all 一点都不麻烦
in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话
no problem 没问题
as if 好像
wait for 等待
take off 脱掉
option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权
a wide range of options 选择范围很广
broad adj．宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
with a broad smile 笑容可掬
indeed adv．其实；实际上；当然；确实
get paid 拿到钱
worry about 担心
all right 好吧
normal adj．典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的
n．常态；通常标准；一般水平
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
ACT 2，SCENE 1
Narrator: Henry is walking along the street holding the bank note in his hand．[1] His coat is worn in several places．He sees a sign for a tailor's①shop．
[1]该句中holding the bank note in his hand为伴随状语。
Henry: (entering the shop) I'd like to have a suit coat．
1st Clerk②： (in a rude manner③) See him there．(pointing to another clerk)
2nd Clerk: Ready-made suits Downstairs④．
Henry: (after going down some stairs⑤) Can you show me a suit，please
3rd Clerk: Yes，I can，sir．This way，please．Ah，here we are，the very thing you need．[2]
[2]该句中you need为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the very thing。
1st Clerk: (pulling the 3rd clerk aside⑥and whispering) Mr Reid says you'd better serve him quick and get him out quick⑦！[3]
［3］该句中says后是省略了that的宾语从句。
3rd Clerk: I know what I'm doing．I've got eyes，haven't I
Henry: It's a little too bright，isn't it
3rd Clerk: (looking at him with a frown⑧) It's all we have in your size．
Henry: Well，I suppose it ought to do for now．I'll take it．
3rd Clerk: Good．Shall I put it in a box
Henry: No．I'll wear it．Oh，I'd rather not pay you now．I'd like to pay in a month⑨．You see，I don't have any small change⑩．
3rd Clerk: (trying not to show he's angry) I suppose a gentleman like you only carries very large bills．
Henry: Now，you shouldn't judge people by their clothes ．I just don't want to cause you trouble with a large note．
3rd Clerk: It's no trouble at all ．
Henry: In that case ，there's no problem ．(He gives the clerk the bank note．The clerk drops Henry's coat．Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again，as if looking at something he can't believe is there．[4])
[4]该句as if doing...结构中he can't believe is there为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
Owner: Well，what seems to be the trouble
Henry: I'm just waiting for my change．
Owner: Give him his change，Todd．Get going...(after getting the bank note from Todd) Would it...could it be the one I saw in the papers last week I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...[5] (to Henry) Oh，take off this coat，sir．(to Todd) Go get the others，Todd! (to Henry again) Allow me，sir! This way，sir．
[5]该句remember doing...结构中that引导宾语从句，否定词never放于句首，宾语从句部分倒装。
(in another part of the shop，where there is a wide range of options for Henry to choose from)
Henry: This is nice，but I really don't need it．
Owner: Never mind．(with a broad smile) Oh，it's perfect! It was made for some king but he'll just have to wait．You'll need many suits for many occasions．Yes，indeed you will．
Henry: Wait a minute．I only came here to get a suit coat to wear today．I dare not buy all these things．You would have to wait a long time to get paid ．
Owner: A long time，sir Why，you don't have to worry about that!
3rd Clerk: Yes，we can wait forever!
Henry: Well，all right ．I'll take the suit coat for now and get the others later．
Owner: Fine，fine．Your address，sir
Henry: I don't have one．Er...I'm moving．
Owner: Of course you are! That's very normal ！ A busy man，I'm sure．
百万英镑
第二幕，第一场
旁白：亨利走在街上，手里捏着钞票。他的外套有几处破了。他看到一家裁缝店的招牌。
亨利：(走进店里) 我想买件西装外套。
店员一：(态度粗鲁) 你找那个人。(指着另一个店员)
店员二：成衣吗？在楼下。
亨利：(走下几个台阶后) 请给我看下西装，好吗？
店员三：可以，先生。这边请。啊，给你，你要的西装。
店员一：(把店员三拉到一边，窃窃私语) 里德先生说让你最好快点把他打发走！
店员三：我知道自己在干什么。我又不瞎，对吧？
亨利：颜色太艳了点，是不是？
店员三：(看着他，皱了皱眉头) 符合你尺码的就只有这件了。
亨利：好吧，我觉得暂时还凑合。就要这件了。
店员三：好的。要装进盒子里吗？
亨利：不用，我要穿上。哦，我现在付不了钱。我一个月后付款。你看，我身上一点零钱都没有。
店员三：(竭力压抑着怒火) 我猜像你这样的绅士身上只带着大额钞票。
亨利：现在，你不应该以貌取人。我只是不想拿大钞来麻烦你们。
店员三：一点都不麻烦。
亨利：如果是这样的话，那就没问题了。(他把钞票递给店员。店员把手中亨利的上衣掉到了地上。接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。)
店主：哦，出了什么问题？
亨利：我在等找钱。
店主：托德，找给他。快点……(从托德手中接过钞票后) 这……这会是我上周在报纸上见到过的钞票吗？记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票…… (转向亨利) 哦，快点把这件上衣脱了，先生。(转向托德) 托德，快去取别的衣服过来！(再转向亨利) 有请，先生！这边走，先生。
(在店的另一侧，那里挂满了各种款式的衣服，供亨利挑选)
亨利：很不错，但我真的不需要。
店主：不必客气。(笑容可掬) 哦，太完美了！这件是为某位国王定制的，看来他得再等一段时间了。您需要很多衣服，各种场合的都要有。真的，您需要的。
亨利：等一等。我到店里来，只是想买一件今天穿的西装外套。我不敢买这么多东西。你得等很久才能拿到钱。
店主：很久，先生？哎呀，您不必担心这个！
店员三：是呀，等多久都行！
亨利：哦，那好吧。我先把这件西装外套拿走，过后再来拿其他衣服。
店主：可以，可以。您住哪儿，先生？
亨利：我没有住处。呃……我正在搬家。
店主：明白！这很正常！您一定是个大忙人。
THANKSPeriod 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
1．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的
(1)with the intention/aim of 为了；以……为目的；意图
(2)intend v． 想要；打算；意欲
intend doing/to do sth． 打算/想要做某事
intend sb．to do sth． 计划让某人做某事
be intended for/to do... 预定……用途；旨在……；
为……打算的
本打算做……(但实际未做)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①I intend them (work) out the problem all by themselves．
②The programme，intended (help) the homeless，was set up．
③老师鼓励阅读，目的是开阔我们的眼界。
a．The teacher encourages reading ．(intention)
b．The teacher encourages reading， ．(过去分词作状语)
c．The teacher encourages reading， ．(定语从句)
2．in case以防；以防万一
in case of 万一……，如果发生……
in that/this case 既然那样/这样；在那种/这种情况下； 如果是那样/这样的话
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in no case 决不(放句首时，句子部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
[名师点津] (1)in case可用作连词，引导从句，也可以单独使用，常位于句末，相当于一个副词。
(2)in no case位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(3)当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级
①The fireman held Peter's arm strongly case he went there．
②In case fire，we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible．
③ is often the case，the old man runs down the street from his house．
④I shall in no case forget the expression on her face．
→ the expression on her face．(倒装)
情态动词和过去将来时
Ⅰ．情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或主观设想。
一、基本特征
1．在意义上，情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
2．在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化(be able to、have to除外)。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，其后需接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
二、常见情态动词及其用法
1．can/could
(1)表示能力
can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。
Jane isn't very good at maths or science，but she can speak English very well．
简不太擅长数学或科学，但她英语可以说得很好。
The maths question was so difficult that few students could work it out．
这道数学题很难，很少有学生能把它做出来。
[名师点津] 当表示“过去经过努力成功做到某事”时，应用be able to，不能用could。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain．
尽管昨天晚上下大雨，他还是参加了聚会。
(2)表示请求和允许
用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但could不能用于肯定答语中。
You can go home now．
你现在可以回家了。
—Can/Could I borrow your umbrella
——我可以借用一下你的雨伞吗？
—Yes，you can．(不能说Yes，you could．)
——当然可以。
(3)表示推测
表示说话人惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
What can they be doing
他们可能在做什么？
The news can't be true．
这个消息不可能是真的。
(4)can还可以表示客观的(或理论的)可能性，用来说明人或事物的特征。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days．
在这样的雨天，可能会发生事故。
A wise man can make mistakes．
一个聪明的人也可能犯错误。
2．must
(1)表示主观看法
must意为“必须，一定”，其否定形式mustn't意为“禁止，不允许”。回答must引导的一般疑问句，如果作否定回答，要用needn't 或don't have to，而不能用mustn't。
You must call him this evening．
今晚你必须给他打电话。
—Must we hand in our exercise books today
——今天我们必须交练习本吗？
—Yes，you must．/No，you don't have to/needn't．
——是的，你们必须交。/不，你们不必。
[名师点津] 表示“必须”时，must强调说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要；must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
The film isn't interesting，so I really must go now．
这部电影没意思，我现在真的要走了。
I had to work when I was your age．
我在你这个年龄时不得不工作。
(2)表示推测
must表示推测时，意为“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句。
You're Tom's good friend，so you must know what he likes best．
你是汤姆的好朋友，所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。
You answered all the questions correctly．You must have read lots of books．
你回答对了所有的问题。你一定读过很多书。
[即时训练1] 用适当的情态动词填空
①— I finish the paper today
—No，you needn't．You can hand it in next week．
②You use the following writing exercise to help you do this．
③They not afford to pay for transportation for their dog，Tiffy，and desperately wanted to take her with them．
④Why you argue with each other every day
3．may/might
(1)表示请求和允许
用于疑问句时，二者可以互换，此时的might并不表示过去，只是语气更委婉，但might不能用于肯定答语中；否定回答用mustn't或can't，表示“不可以，禁止”。
You may leave when you have finished the work．
完成工作后，你可以离开。
—May/Might I smoke in this room
——我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗？
—Yes，you may．(不能用might)/No，you mustn't/can't．
——可以。/不可以。
(2)表示推测
两者都可以表示推测，只是might比may语气更不肯定，可能性更小。一般用于肯定句或否定陈述句， may/might not意为“可能不”。
He may/might know the answer．
他可能知道答案。
The boss may/might not be very busy now．
现在老板可能不是很忙。
(3)表达祝愿
在正式场合或书面语中，may可以用来表达祝愿。
May you be happy!
祝你幸福！
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
4．shall
(1)表示征求对方意见或许可
shall用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见或许可，表达此意时多用于第一、第三人称。
Shall we go to the film tonight
今晚我们去看电影好吗？
He has been waiting outside for nearly an hour．Shall he come in
他在外面等了接近一个小时了。他可以进来吗？
(2)表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁
shall用于陈述句第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
He shall be punished if he breaks the rule．
如果他违反制度，就会受到惩罚。
Tommy shall have a toy if he is a good boy．
如果汤米是个好孩子，他就会得到一个玩具。
5．should/ought to
(1)表示责任或义务
should/ought to表示责任或义务时，意为“应该”。
We should/ought to really go and visit them soon．
我们的确应该马上去看看他们。
We should/ought to help each other．
我们应该相互帮助。
(2)表示劝告、建议或命令
You should/ought to brush your teeth before you go to bed．
睡觉前你要刷牙。
You should/ought to go and ask the teacher．
你应该去问问老师。
(3)表示推测
should/ought to表示推测时，语气不如must肯定，意为“应该……；理应……”。
The photo should/ought to be ready tomorrow morning．
明天上午照片应该能冲洗出来。
Your car should be repaired by tomorrow afternoon．
你的车明天下午应该能修好。
[即时训练2] 用适当的情态动词填空
①It is raining heavily outside．You as well stay here for the night．
②One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school．
③I promise if you work hard，you have a holiday on Saturday．
④The meat be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious．
6．will/would
(1)表示请求、建议等
表达此意时，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，would此时并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you please tell me the way to the hospital
请告诉我去医院的路好吗？
would有时与like，love，prefer，be glad，be happy等连用，用于提出建议或邀请。
Would you like some tea or coffee
你喝点茶还是咖啡？
(2)表示意志、愿望和决心
will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。
If you will come，we'll be glad．
如果你愿意来，我们会很高兴。
He asked me if I would go to see the football match with him．
他问我是否愿意和他一起去看足球赛。
(3)表示习惯或倾向
will表示现在，would表示过去。
She will sit for hours without saying a word．
她经常坐几个小时而一言不发。
When he was young，he would often go skiing．
他年轻时经常去滑雪。
7．need/dare
(1)need(需要)和dare(敢)用作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中，一般不用于肯定句。dare还能用于条件句中。
You needn't worry．
你没必要担心。
Dare you tell her the truth
你敢告诉她真相吗？
If we dared not go there that day，we wouldn't get the beautiful flowers．
如果那天我们不敢去那儿，我们就得不到那些漂亮的花。
(2)dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式；在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
We dare to break a path unbeaten before．
我们敢于走前人未曾走过的新路。
He doesn't dare (to) answer．
他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today．
今天他需要完成作业。
[即时训练3] 用适当的情态动词填空
①Adapting to a new culture can be difficult．However，you to step out of your comfort zone．
②“How you say that to me？” the man said angrily pointing to the boy．
③We never talk about that subject again．
④—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad
—No，you ， son．You are free to make your decision．
8．情态动词＋have done
情态动词＋have done
must have done 对过去的肯定推测，“过去肯定……”
can't/couldn't have done 对过去的否定推测，“过去不可能做了……”
could have done 本来能够做而没做
may/might (not) have done 可能(没有)做过某事
should (not)/ought (not) to have done 本来该做而没做/本来不该做而做了
needn't have done 本来不必做却做了
It must have rained last night，for the road was quite wet．
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。
He couldn't have known the decision，because nobody had told him．
他不可能知道这个决定，因为没有人告诉他。
You could have made greater progress，but you didn't try your best．
你本能够取得更大的进步，但是你并没有尽全力。
You may/might have dropped it when you were shopping in the market．
你或许是在市场买东西的时候(把它)掉了。
You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study．
如果你真的认真对待学习，你本应该来上学的。
You needn't have telephoned him，for he had known the result．
你本不必给他打电话了，因为他已经知道结果了。
[即时训练4] 完成句子
①那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。
It was an easy test and he ，but he didn't．
②她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。
She ，but I'm not sure．
③你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。
You the Double Ninth Festival，but it is actually my favourite．
④你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。
You ，for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days．
Ⅱ．过去将来时
1．过去将来时的用法和基本结构
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。过去将来时的基本结构是“would＋动词原形”，否定式是在would后加not。
Then，I realised something terrible would happen．
那时，我意识到糟糕的事情将要发生。
My brother told me that he would come back on Saturday．
我哥哥告诉我他周六回来。
2．过去将来时的其他表示方法
(1)“was/were going to＋动词原形”表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作，常用于口语中，表示预言、意图或打算等。
I was going to play basketball，but in the end I went to the cinema．
我打算去打篮球，但是最后我去看电影了。
He was going to start work the following week．
他打算下星期开始工作。
(2)was/were about to do意为“刚要/正要做……”，常用来表示过去即将发生的动作，不与任何时间状语连用。
When we were about to leave，the children waved their hands and thanked us for our kindness．
我们正要离开的时候，孩子们挥舞着双手，感谢我们的好意。
(3)start、go、come、leave、see、meet等动词可用过去进行时，表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine．
我刚穿上长大衣要去看我的一个朋友。
(4)was/were to do表示“曾计划做某事”；如果表示“本来计划做某事，但是没实现”，则用was/were to have done。
Last night，my classmates and I heatedly discussed the trip our class were to take at the weekend．
昨晚，我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的旅行。
[即时训练5] 单句语法填空
①She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning．
②I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning．
③At that time he did not know that quitting the job (become) the turning point in his life．
④He said he (visit) China the next week．
⑤In his introduction，he made it clear that our credits (be) hard-earned．
用适当的情态动词完成下面短文
Miss Fang 1． read for very long with her eyes hurt．Her mother told her that she 2． go to hospital and see a doctor．“You 3． see a doctor as soon as possible，”her mother said． “You 4． have poor eyesight．”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to hospital．The clerk said that the doctor 5． see her at 3:30 p.m．
Miss Fang replied that she 6． not be able to be there at 3:30 p.m． because she had a class then．“The doctor 7． see you at about ten to four，”the clerk suggested． “8． I arrange the examination at about
ten to four，or 9． you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she 10． waste any more time．The teacher 11． be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier，as he was always so kind to everyone．And she replied，“I think I 12． make it at about ten to four．”
Miss Fang went to the class．She asked her teacher，“13． I leave at 3:45 p.m． today My eyes hurt and I 14． have an eye examination．”As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15． ．”
第二篇课文(Reading for Writing)
①tailor n．(男装)裁缝vt．专门制作；定做
a tailor's shop一家裁缝店
②clerk n．职员；文书；店员
③manner n．举止；行为方式；方法； [pl．]礼貌；礼仪
in a...manner 以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
in a rude manner态度粗鲁
④downstairs adv．顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
⑤stair n．楼梯；梯级
go down some stairs走下几个台阶
⑥aside adv．到旁边；在旁边；留；存
pull sb．aside把某人拉到一边
⑦get him out quick快点把他打发走
⑧frown n．& vi．皱眉
with a frown皱了皱眉头
⑨in a month一个月后
⑩small change零钱
judge people by their clothes以貌取人
no trouble at all一点都不麻烦
in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话
no problem没问题
as if好像
wait for等待
take off脱掉
option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权
a wide range of options选择范围很广
broad adj．宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
with a broad smile笑容可掬
indeed adv．其实；实际上；当然；确实
get paid拿到钱
worry about担心
all right好吧
normal adj．典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n．常态；通常标准；一般水平
THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
ACT 2，SCENE 1
Narrator: Henry is walking along the street holding the bank note in his hand．[1] His coat is worn in several places．He sees a sign for a tailor's①shop．
[1]该句中holding the bank note in his hand为伴随状语。
Henry: (entering the shop) I'd like to have a suit coat．
1st Clerk②： (in a rude manner③) See him there．(pointing to another clerk)
2nd Clerk: Ready-made suits Downstairs④．
Henry: (after going down some stairs⑤) Can you show me a suit，please
3rd Clerk: Yes，I can，sir．This way，please．Ah，here we are，the very thing you need．[2]
[2]该句中you need为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the very thing。
1st Clerk: (pulling the 3rd clerk aside⑥and whispering) Mr Reid says you'd better serve him quick and get him out quick⑦！[3]
[3]该句中says后是省略了that的宾语从句。
3rd Clerk: I know what I'm doing．I've got eyes，haven't I
Henry: It's a little too bright，isn't it
3rd Clerk: (looking at him with a frown⑧) It's all we have in your size．
Henry: Well，I suppose it ought to do for now．I'll take it．
3rd Clerk: Good．Shall I put it in a box
Henry: No．I'll wear it．Oh，I'd rather not pay you now．I'd like to pay in a month⑨．You see，I don't have any small change⑩．
3rd Clerk: (trying not to show he's angry) I suppose a gentleman like you only carries very large bills．
Henry: Now，you shouldn't judge people by their clothes ．I just don't want to cause you trouble with a large note．
3rd Clerk: It's no trouble at all ．
Henry: In that case ，there's no problem ．(He gives the clerk the bank note．The clerk drops Henry's coat．Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again，as if looking at something he can't believe is there．[4])
[4]该句as if doing...结构中he can't believe is there为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
Owner: Well，what seems to be the trouble
Henry: I'm just waiting for my change．
Owner: Give him his change，Todd．Get going...(after getting the bank note from Todd) Would it...could it be the one I saw in the papers last week I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...[5] (to Henry) Oh，take off this coat，sir．(to Todd) Go get the others，Todd! (to Henry again) Allow me，sir! This way，sir．
[5]该句remember doing...结构中that引导宾语从句，否定词never放于句首，宾语从句部分倒装。
(in another part of the shop，where there is a wide range of options for Henry to choose from)
Henry: This is nice，but I really don't need it．
Owner: Never mind．(with a broad smile) Oh，it's perfect! It was made for some king but he'll just have to wait．You'll need many suits for many occasions．Yes，indeed you will．
Henry: Wait a minute．I only came here to get a suit coat to wear today．I dare not buy all these things．You would have to wait a long time to get paid ．
Owner: A long time，sir Why，you don't have to worry about that!
3rd Clerk: Yes，we can wait forever!
Henry: Well，all right ．I'll take the suit coat for now and get the others later．
Owner: Fine，fine．Your address，sir
Henry: I don't have one．Er...I'm moving．
Owner: Of course you are! That's very normal ！ A busy man，I'm sure．
百万英镑
第二幕，第一场
旁白：亨利走在街上，手里捏着钞票。他的外套有几处破了。他看到一家裁缝店的招牌。
亨利：(走进店里) 我想买件西装外套。
店员一：(态度粗鲁) 你找那个人。(指着另一个店员)
店员二：成衣吗？在楼下。
亨利：(走下几个台阶后) 请给我看下西装，好吗？
店员三：可以，先生。这边请。啊，给你，你要的西装。
店员一：(把店员三拉到一边，窃窃私语) 里德先生说让你最好快点把他打发走！
店员三：我知道自己在干什么。我又不瞎，对吧？
亨利：颜色太艳了点，是不是？
店员三：(看着他，皱了皱眉头) 符合你尺码的就只有这件了。
亨利：好吧，我觉得暂时还凑合。就要这件了。
店员三：好的。要装进盒子里吗？
亨利：不用，我要穿上。哦，我现在付不了钱。我一个月后付款。你看，我身上一点零钱都没有。
店员三：(竭力压抑着怒火) 我猜像你这样的绅士身上只带着大额钞票。
亨利：现在，你不应该以貌取人。我只是不想拿大钞来麻烦你们。
店员三：一点都不麻烦。
亨利：如果是这样的话，那就没问题了。(他把钞票递给店员。店员把手中亨利的上衣掉到了地上。接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。)
店主：哦，出了什么问题？
亨利：我在等找钱。
店主：托德，找给他。快点……(从托德手中接过钞票后) 这……这会是我上周在报纸上见到过的钞票吗？记得当时我以为我(手里)永远
不会握着这样一张钞票…… (转向亨利) 哦，快点把这件上衣脱了，先生。(转向托德) 托德，快去取别的衣服过来！(再转向亨利) 有请，先生！这边走，先生。
(在店的另一侧，那里挂满了各种款式的衣服，供亨利挑选)
亨利：很不错，但我真的不需要。
店主：不必客气。(笑容可掬) 哦，太完美了！这件是为某位国王定制的，看来他得再等一段时间了。您需要很多衣服，各种场合的都要有。真的，您需要的。
亨利：等一等。我到店里来，只是想买一件今天穿的西装外套。我不敢买这么多东西。你得等很久才能拿到钱。
店主：很久，先生？哎呀，您不必担心这个！
店员三：是呀，等多久都行！
亨利：哦，那好吧。我先把这件西装外套拿走，过后再来拿其他衣服。
店主：可以，可以。您住哪儿，先生？
亨利：我没有住处。呃……我正在搬家。
店主：明白！这很正常！您一定是个大忙人。
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①to work ②helping/to help ③with the intention of broadening our horizons；intended to broaden our horizons；which is intended to broaden our horizons
2．①in ②of ③As ④In no case shall I forget
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①Must ②can ③could ④must
[即时训练2]
①might ②shall ③shall ④should
[即时训练3]
①need ②dare ③will ④needn't
[即时训练4]
①should have passed ②may have bought the dictionary
③might have never heard of ④needn't have booked the ticket
[即时训练5]
①was leaving ②would lend ③was to become ④was going to visit ⑤would be
巩固落实
1．couldn't 2．should 3．should 4．may/might 5．could 6．would 7．may/might 8．Shall 9． would 10．shouldn't 11．shouldn't 12．can 13．May/Can/Could 14．must
15．can/may
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