(共64张PPT)
Period 5
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
主题语境
人与自我——优秀品行
Read the text and then choose the best answer to each question．
1．Why did the king place a large stone in the middle of the main street
A．The king wanted to play jokes on passers-by．
B．The king wanted to teach his people to take responsibility of the country．
C．The king wanted to stop people walking along the road．
D．The king wanted to repair the road．
课时练案 课文整体教学(Reading for Writing)
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2．What did the girl feel when she saw the gold under the stone
A．Surprised． B．Frightened．
C．Nervous． D．Lucky．
3．What can we infer from the fable
A．The king regretted what he had done．
B．The girl and the king found the owner of the coins．
C．The girl wasn't surprised at the coins．
D．The king achieved his goal at last．
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4．What's the right order of the fable
①The king placed a stone in the main street．
②A group of women passed it．
③A girl saw the stone and moved it away．
④A milkman crashed into the stone．
A．①②③④ B．①④②③
C．①②④③ D．④①②③
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1．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭；王宫 v．招致；导致；争取
①(教材原句)Seeing the tennis star leaving the court，the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him． ________
②As a politician he has often courted controversy． ________
③Peter bowed to the king and went out of the court． ________
n．球场
v．招致
n．王宫
2．operation n．手术；企业；经营；活动；运转
①(教材原句)During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him． _____
②Many small companies failed in the first year of operation． _____
③After graduation，my daughter entered a big operation． _____
④Operation of the machine is extremely simple． _____
手术
经营
企业
运转
1．(学会断句)The king watched all day/as many people complained about the stone, but he found/nobody making an attempt to move it．
[分析]本句为并列复合句。前一分句是_____________，__引导状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(主从)复合句
as
国王观察了一整天，看到许多人都在埋怨这块石头，却没人
试着把它挪开。
2．(学会断句)Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person/who has learnt the lesson/I wanted to teach my people．
[分析]本句为主从复合句。because引导________从句；who引导____从句，修饰_____________；I wanted to teach my people为省略that/which的________，修饰the lesson．
[翻译]_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
原因状语
定语
the only person
定语从句
现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你
一个人学会了。
1．(续写佳句)He crashed into the stone，spilling the milk everywhere．
他撞到石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是。
2．(续写佳句)She picked herself up and limped away in tears．
她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
(1)in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
(2)tear at sth． 撕开某物；撕裂某物
tear down 拆除，拆毁(建筑物、墙等)
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开
1．tear n．眼泪；泪水 vi．&vt．(tear，tore，torn)撕破；撕掉，拔掉
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Lucy looked at me __ tears，so I gave in and bought an ice-cream for her．
②Nancy tore __ the cover of the package and wanted to know what it was in it．
③By the time he arrived，his house had been torn _____．
④当她感到自己在森林里迷了路时，她突然哭了起来。
When sensing she was lost in the forest，________________．
in
at
down
she burst into tears
(1)do/cause harm to sb．/sth．＝do/cause sb．/sth．harm
对……有害
there is no harm in doing sth． 做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj． 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
(3)harmless adj． 无害的
2．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①This object gives off _______ gases．Therefore，you must make the object ________ before you use it．(harm)
②As far as I'm concerned，there is no harm __ making an apology to him first．
③经常熬夜会极大地损害人们的健康。
a．Staying up too often will _________________________．(harm v．)
harmful
harmless
in
harm people's health greatly
b．Staying up too often will _________________________________．
(harm n．)
c．Staying up too often will _________________________________．
(harmful adj．)
do/cause great harm to people's health
be greatly harmful to people's health
(1)a great/good deal，用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。
(2)a great deal用作名词性短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(3)a great/good deal of“许多的，大量的”，只能修饰不可数名词。
3．a great deal (of ) 大量(的……)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①After taking some medicine，he felt a great deal ______ (good)．
②A great deal of work ____________ (do) to improve people's living standards in the past few years．
③尽管她从来没有见过那位杰出人物，但是她对他很了解。
Although she had never met the outstanding figure，she knew_________
_____________．
better
has been done
a great
deal about him
(教材P20)After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
独立主格结构
[句式分析] 句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是由代词each和动词-ing形式短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest．
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
(1)独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词＋adj．/adv．/介词短语/doing/done/to do。
(2)该结构可用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
(3)该结构常和with复合结构互换。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The girl _______ (stare) at him，the young soldier didn't know what to say．
②He was listening attentively in class，his eyes _____ (fix) on the blackboard．
③His book _______ (come) out next month，he is very excited．
④她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
a．She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，________________
______________________．(独立主格结构)
staring
fixed
to come
a smile of happiness
spreading across her face
b．She rested her head on her husband's shoulder，________________
______________________________．(with复合结构)
⑤史蒂文慢慢地走向公交车，眼里满含泪水。
a．Steven walked slowly to the bus，______________．(独立主格结构)
b．Steven walked slowly to the bus，__________________．(with复合结构)
with a smile of
happiness spreading across her face
tears in his eyes
with tears in his eyes
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I saw Jack and Henry gather at the school gate and talk to each other __ a whisper．
2．Some young mothers have no idea that fruit juices can be _______ (harm) to children's teeth．
3．Helen ran out of the classroom in _____ (tear) but no one knew why she was so sad．
4．A great deal of money ____ (be) donated to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention．
5．The children stood in a row，each _______ (hold) a bunch of flowers．
in
harmful
tears
was
holding
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。
He may say no，but ______________________．
2．两座山挡住了他们的路，愚公和他的家人们决定移走它们。
____________________________，Yu Gong and his family decided to move them away．
3．每天，他和儿子们都花大量的时间做这项工作。
Every day，he and his sons __________________________________．
there is no harm in asking
Two mountains blocking their way
spent a great deal of time doing the work
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Once upon a time，there was a king who wanted to educate his people not to complain and expect others 1．_______ (solve) their problems．A good idea occurred to him．Early one morning，he 2．________ (disguise) himself and went to a local village．He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone．Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched．A milkman crashed into the stone，3．_______ (spill) the milk everywhere．But he picked himself 4．__ and angrily went away．After a while，a group
to solve
disguised
spilling
up
of women came along，each 5．________(balance) a pot of water on her head．One woman tripped over the stone．At last she limped away in 6．_____ (tear)．But none of them thought about moving the stone out of the road．Finding nobody making 7．___ attempt to move it，the king was in despair．Just then，a girl came along and pushed the stone with all her might．After a great deal of effort，she 8．_______ (final) succeeded in moving it to the side of the street．To her surprise，she saw the gold coins 9．_____ the stone had been．The king told the girl that the gold belonged to 10．____．
balancing
tears
an
finally
where
her
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．He was ill，and ________ (因此) could not come．
2．We need a foreign policy that is more _______ (灵活的)．
3．It is reported that one in seven ________ (车祸) are caused by sleepy drivers．
4．Personal computers now have much increased _______ (记忆力) capacity．
5．As soon as he entered，he sensed the _______ (紧张) in the air．
课时分层作业(五)
therefore
flexible
accidents
memory
tension
Ⅱ．选词填空
carry through；trip over；tend to；in despair；pass away
1．After repeated failure，she gave up the attempt __________．
2．The old man ___________ a stone in the middle of the road and got injured．
3．After all ，we ______ do what we like doing and what we take delight in．
4．It took him quite a while to be used to living alone after his parents ___________．
5．Whenever she meets with difficulties，her determination always _______ her _______．
in despair
tripped over
tend to
passed away
carries
through
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Spending time in the great outdoors is a full-on sensory experience with nature's views，endless skies，grand forests，the sounds of the wind and wildlife，and the warm feeling of sun-beams resting on your face．
In fact，a recent study，published in the journal Ambio，found that nature doesn't just smell good，and its fragrances make people feel good as well．The researchers from the University of Kent in the UK sent 194 participants to woodlands throughout the four seasons．The participants reported feeling relaxed and refreshed when they smelled what they described as “fresh air” or “earthy smells”．According to Earth．com，these smells awakened pleasant memories from their childhoods．
While it is well known that being in nature makes people feel good，this study was the first to focus on the olfactory (嗅觉的) aspect of the outdoors．The results showed that there may be more to smell than people give it credit for．The researchers wrote in the study，“We found smells affected multiple aspects of well-being with physical well-being discussed most frequently．”
The same study uncovered the relaxing effect of lack of smells，according to CBS News．People feel more settled in a smell-free zone，with this result possibly linked to the absence of bad-smelling urban smells，like pollution，that interfere with well-being．The study found that even the absence of pollution and unwanted smells that are associated with urban life was noticed by the participants to improve their physical well-being．
Dr Jessica Fisher，study co-author and postdoctoral research associate at Kent's Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology，said，“The study provides findings that can inform the work of practitioners，public health specialists，policy-makers and landscape planners looking to improve well-being outcomes through nature．Small interventions could lead to public health benefits．So，when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods，a picnic under the open skies，or a day at the beach，it pays to keep one's eyes and ears，but also one's nose，open．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现大自然的气味能增进幸福感。
1．Why is the study mentioned in paragraph 2 different from other similar ones
A．It adopted innovative research methods．
B．It involved a number of participants．
C．It was supported officially．
D．It was the first to turn to studying the sense of smell．
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D [细节理解题。根据第三段的“While it is well known that being in nature makes people feel good，this study was the first to focus on the olfactory aspect of the outdoors．”可知，第二段提到的研究不同于其他类似的研究在于它是第一个转向研究嗅觉的。故选D。]
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Different smells have different functions．
B．No smell is better than a bad one．
C．Nature smells are necessary to people's life．
D．Pleasant smells can improve people's sense of smell．
B [推理判断题。根据第四段可以推断出没有气味比难闻的气味好。故选B。]
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3．What are people advised to do in the last paragraph
A．To enjoy nature by their sense of smell as well．
B．To participate in outdoor activities frequently．
C．To be exposed to nature smells as much as possible．
D．To be away from places with bad smells．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So，when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods，a picnic under the open skies，or a day at the beach，it pays to keep one's eyes and ears，but also one's nose，open．”可知，最后一段建议人们通过他们的嗅觉来享受大自然。故选A。]
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4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．The Sounds of the Wind and Wildlife
B．A Scientific Study Applied to Our Real Life
C．Smells of Nature Improve Well-being
D．Pollution and Bad Smells Are Associated with Urban Life
√
C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段可知，本文主要讲的是一项研究发现大自然的气味能增进幸福感，因此这篇文章最好的标题是C选项“Smells of Nature Improve Well-being(大自然的气味能增进幸福感。)”，故选C。]
Ⅳ．完形填空
My father started his own business in 1980．For a breadwinner with seven children，it was a 1 decision．
To improve himself，my father spent his evening 2 a business school that offered two-year programs for people interested in becoming and administrative assistants．Besides，my father read the town newspaper every morning，and I 4 he would inevitably read the classified section， 5 the “help wanted” advertisements．As a kid，I thought such 6 was only for people seeking a position．
One day，I asked him，“Dad，you have a job．Why do you read the ‘help wanted’ section every day？” “Well，” he replied，“it's 7 for me to know what the employers want for their jobs and what are the things they're 8 ．” A light bulb went off in my mind．Yes，he obviously wasn't looking through the “help wanted” section for himself．He wanted to stay 9 with a hiring mindset．Meanwhile，he 10 something new to develop his own business．
Recently，as a runner，I was 11 by an article about On，a company manufacturing athletic shoes．It won net sales of $345 million in the first six months of 2022 and it receives about 70，000 12 per year．One of the key 13 the owners seek in new hiring is “an explorer mindset”，which is just what my father owns．
The explorer mindset sought by On can 14 people outside of the “help wanted” sections of life．As a saying goes，“In so many ways，comfort is the enemy of 15 ．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲在有工作的情况下，经常看报纸上的招聘版块，拥有了“探索者心态”这种关键品质。作者认为舒适是创造力的敌人。
1．A．courageous B．joyous
C．generous D．famous
A [根据上文可知，作者的父亲要养活一家七个孩子，在这种情况下开始自己创业，可推理出作者认为父亲做了一个勇敢的决定。故选A项。]
√
2．A．visiting B．founding
C．attending D．contacting
C [根据下文“a business school that offered two-year programs”可知，作者的父亲在这所商学院上课。故选C项。]
√
3．A．instructors B．secretaries
C．experts D．managers
D [根据下文并列连词and以及“administrative assistants”可知父亲在商学院上课的内容涉及公司的管理岗位，分析四个选项，D项“managers经理”表达的含义符合语境。故选D项。]
√
4．A．noticed B．imagined
C．hoped D．proved
A [根据下文“he would inevitably read the classified section”可知，作者注意到父亲读报纸上的内容。故选A项。]
√
5．A．gradually B．specifically
C．entirely D．probably
B [根据上文“the classified section”以及下文“the ‘help wanted’ advertisements”可知，下文是比上文更准确的表达。故选B项。]
√
6．A．equipment B．work
C．honor D．information
D [根据上文“the classified section”以及 “the ‘help wanted’ advertisements”可知，这是报纸上的信息。故选D项。]
√
7．A．difficult B．convenient
C．important D．suitable
C [根据下文“something new to develop his own business”可知，作者的父亲通过阅读报纸上的招聘广告来发现新东西，用来发展自己的事业，可推理出作者的父亲认为这样做很重要。故选C项。]
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8．A．looking for B．talking about
C．referring to D．dealing with
A [根据上文“the things”可知，雇主在招聘，在寻找他们想要的东西。故选A项。]
√
9．A．popular B．current
C．alive D．busy
B [根据上文以及“something new to develop his own business”可知作者的父亲阅读报纸上的招聘版块不是为自己找工作，而是要发现一些新的东西来发展自己的事业，保持与潮流一致。故选B项。]
√
10．A．enjoyed B．adjusted
C．explored D．reflected
C [根据下文“something new”可知，空白处应填表示“探索”含义的动词。故选C项。]
√
11．A．followed B．attracted
C．troubled D．cheated
B [根据下文“It won net sales of $345 million in the first six months of 2022”可知，这是这家公司的具体经营情况，可推理出作者了解这家公司的运营情况是因为这家公司对作者有吸引力。故选B项。]
√
12．A．positions B．opinions
C．suggestions D．applications
D [根据下文“in new hiring”可知此处上下文说的是招聘话题，分析四个选项，D项“applications申请”表达的含义符合语境。故选D项。]
√
13．A．plans B．conditions
C．qualities D．lessons
C [根据下文“an explorer mindset”可知，这是老板们在新招聘中寻求的一个关键品质。故选C项。]
√
14．A．challenge B．change
C．benefit D．teach
C [根据上文“an explorer mindset”可知，作者的父亲拥有探索者心态，是因为经常阅读招聘版块，可推理出作者认为父亲受益于经常阅读招聘版块。故选C项。]
√
15．A．dependence B．creativity
C．determination D．productivity
B [根据上文可知，On之所以获得成功是因为老板们要求员工具有“探索者心态”这种关键品质，作者的父亲具有这种品质是因为通过阅读招聘版块保持与时代潮流一致而获得这种品质的，这种创新精神是努力得来的，可推理出作者认为舒适是创造力的敌人。故选B项。]
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Ⅴ．语法填空
Chinese fans seem to have special meanings in Chinese culture．
I've 1．_________(receive) a number of them as gifts from my Chinese friends．The fans are very pretty．You may have noticed that almost all female figures in 2．_________ (tradition) Chinese paintings carry a silk fan．In the movies of 3．____1930s and 1940s，fans are a very visible article for Shanghai women．4．______ (usual) the structure of the fans is made of sand wood and the faces are made of silk or paper．Because the fans always have a sweet smell，women 5．________ use them appear even more attractive．Fans are probably one of the most appropriate 6．__________(expression) of noble females．
received
traditional
the
Usually
who/that
expressions
Men also use fans．But these fans are quite often much 7．______
(big)．Men's fans often use valuable materials for that structure and the faces are always 8．_______ (paint) with plants or landscape．As a result 9．__ the open-door policy，fans have become popular again not for people to use at home，10．____ as a gift for foreigners．I heard westerners appreciate these gifts．As fans are small，inexpensive and typically Chinese，many people like to use them as gifts from the overseas trips．
bigger
painted
of
but
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于中国文化中扇子的重要意义。此外，文章还讨论了制作男女扇子所使用的材料，以及扇子作为礼物重新流行的原因。总的来说，文章强调了中国扇子的文化意义和美学吸引力。
1．received [考查时态。句意：我从我中国朋友那里收到过很多扇子礼物。have＋动词过去分词表现在完成时。故填received。]
2．traditional [考查词性转换。句意：在传统的国画中几乎所有的女性都带着丝绸的扇子。修饰Chinese paintings 应用形容词 traditional。故填traditional。]
3．the [考查冠词。句意：在20世纪30年代和40年代的电影中，扇子是上海女性的一个非常显眼的物件。年代前用定冠词，故填the。]
4．Usually [考查词性转换。句意：通常扇子的结构是由沙木制成的。根据语境，此处使用副词作状语修饰句子，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Usually。]
5．who/that [ 考查定语从句。句意：因为扇子总是有一股香味，使用它们的女性看起来更有吸引力。先行词为women，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。]
6．expressions [考查名词的数。句意：扇子大概是表达高贵女性最合适的一种方式了。one of＋形容词最高级＋复数名词，表示“最……的之一”。故填expressions。]
7．bigger [考查形容词比较级。句意：男性使用的扇子实际上(比女性的)大得多。much＋比较级，故填bigger。]
8．painted [考查过去分词。句意：男性扇子通常使用有价值的材料来制作这种结构，而且扇面上通常画有植物或风景。扇面faces和paint之间是被动关系，前面已有助词are，故填paint的过去分词painted。故填painted。]
9．of [考查介词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，人们不但在国内使用，而且作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查短语as a result of，意为“(作)为……的结果”。故填of。]
10．but [考查连词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，人们不但在国内使用，而且作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查连词not...but...，意为“不但……而且……”，故填but。]
THANKSPeriod 5 课文整体教学(Reading for Writing)
Read the text and then choose the best answer to each question．
1．Why did the king place a large stone in the middle of the main street
A．The king wanted to play jokes on passers-by．
B．The king wanted to teach his people to take responsibility of the country．
C．The king wanted to stop people walking along the road．
D．The king wanted to repair the road．
2．What did the girl feel when she saw the gold under the stone
A．Surprised． B．Frightened．
C．Nervous． D．Lucky．
3．What can we infer from the fable
A．The king regretted what he had done．
B．The girl and the king found the owner of the coins．
C．The girl wasn't surprised at the coins．
D．The king achieved his goal at last．
4．What's the right order of the fable
①The king placed a stone in the main street．
②A group of women passed it．
③A girl saw the stone and moved it away．
④A milkman crashed into the stone．
A．①②③④ B．①④②③
C．①②④③ D．④①②③
1．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭；王宫 v．招致；导致；争取
①(教材原句)Seeing the tennis star leaving the court，the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him． ________
②As a politician he has often courted controversy． ________
③Peter bowed to the king and went out of the court． ________
2．operation n．手术；企业；经营；活动；运转
①(教材原句)During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him． ________
②Many small companies failed in the first year of operation． ________
③After graduation，my daughter entered a big operation． ________
④Operation of the machine is extremely simple． ________
1．(学会断句)The king watched all day/as many people complained about the stone, but he found/nobody making an attempt to move it．
[分析]本句为并列复合句。前一分句是 ， 引导状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
[翻译]
2．(学会断句)Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person/who has learnt the lesson/I wanted to teach my people．
[分析]本句为主从复合句。because引导 从句；who引导 从句，修饰 ；I wanted to teach my people为省略that/which的 ，修饰the lesson．
[翻译]
1．(续写佳句)He crashed into the stone，spilling the milk everywhere．
他撞到石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是。
2．(续写佳句)She picked herself up and limped away in tears．
她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
1．tear n．眼泪；泪水 vi．&vt．(tear，tore，torn)撕破；撕掉，拔掉
(1)in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
(2)tear at sth． 撕开某物；撕裂某物
tear down 拆除，拆毁(建筑物、墙等)
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Lucy looked at me tears，so I gave in and bought an ice-cream for her．
②Nancy tore the cover of the package and wanted to know what it was in it．
③By the time he arrived，his house had been torn ．
④当她感到自己在森林里迷了路时，她突然哭了起来。
When sensing she was lost in the forest， ．
2．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害
(1)do/cause harm to sb．/sth．＝do/cause sb．/sth．Harm
对……有害
there is no harm in doing sth． 做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj． 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
(3)harmless adj． 无害的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①This object gives off gases．Therefore，you must make the object before you use it．(harm)
②As far as I'm concerned，there is no harm making an apology to him first．
③经常熬夜会极大地损害人们的健康。
a．Staying up too often will ．(harm v．)
b．Staying up too often will ．(harm n．)
c．Staying up too often will ．(harmful adj．)
3．a great deal (of)大量(的……)
(1)a great/good deal，用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。
(2)a great deal用作名词性短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(3)a great/good deal of“许多的，大量的”，只能修饰不可数名词。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①After taking some medicine，he felt a great deal (good)．
②A great deal of work (do) to improve people's living standards in the past few years．
③尽管她从来没有见过那位杰出人物，但是她对他很了解。
Although she had never met the outstanding figure，she knew ．
独立主格结构
(教材P20)After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．
过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
[句式分析] 句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是由代词each和动词-ing形式短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest．
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
(1)独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词＋adj．/adv．/介词短语/doing/done/to do。
(2)该结构可用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
(3)该结构常和with复合结构互换。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The girl (stare) at him，the young soldier didn't know what to say．
②He was listening attentively in class，his eyes (fix) on the blackboard．
③His book (come) out next month，he is very excited．
④她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
a．She rested her head on her husband's shoulder， ．(独立主格结构)
b．She rested her head on her husband's shoulder， ．(with复合结构)
⑤史蒂文慢慢地走向公交车，眼里满含泪水。
a．Steven walked slowly to the bus， ．(独立主格结构)
b．Steven walked slowly to the bus， ．(with复合结构)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I saw Jack and Henry gather at the school gate and talk to each other a whisper．
2．Some young mothers have no idea that fruit juices can be (harm) to children's teeth．
3．Helen ran out of the classroom in (tear) but no one knew why she was so sad．
4．A great deal of money (be) donated to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention．
5．The children stood in a row，each (hold) a bunch of flowers．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。
He may say no，but ．
2．两座山挡住了他们的路，愚公和他的家人们决定移走它们。
，Yu Gong and his family decided to move them away．
3．每天，他和儿子们都花大量的时间做这项工作。
Every day，he and his sons ．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Once upon a time，there was a king who wanted to educate his people not to complain and expect others 1． (solve) their problems．A good idea occurred to him．Early one morning，he 2． (disguise) himself and went to a local village．He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone．Then he hid
behind a huge maple tree and watched．A milkman crashed into the stone，3． (spill) the milk everywhere．But he picked himself 4． and angrily went away．After a while，a group of women came along，each 5． (balance) a pot of water on her head．One woman tripped over the stone．At last she limped away in 6． (tear)．But none of them thought about moving the stone out of the road．Finding nobody making 7． attempt to move it，the king was in despair．Just then，a girl came along and pushed the stone with all her might．After a great deal of effort，she 8． (final) succeeded in moving it to the side of the street．To her surprise，she saw the gold coins 9． the stone had been．The king told the girl that the gold belonged to 10． ．
Period 5
课文理解
1－4 BADB
课文精粹
Ⅰ一词多义
1．①n．球场 ②v．招致 ③n．王宫
2．①手术 ②经营 ③企业 ④运转
Ⅱ长难语句
1．分析：(主从)复合句；as
翻译：国王观察了一整天，看到许多人都在埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。
2．分析：原因状语；定语；the only person；定语从句
翻译：现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一个人学会了。
核心词汇
1．①in ②at ③down ④she burst into tears
2．①harmful；harmless ②in ③harm people's health greatly；do/cause great harm to people's health；be greatly harmful to people's health
3．①better ②has been done ③a great deal about him
句法句式
①staring ②fixed ③to come ④a smile of happiness spreading across her face；with a smile of happiness spreading across her face ⑤tears in his eyes；with tears in his eyes
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．in 2．harmful 3．tears 4．was 5．holding
Ⅱ．1．there is no harm in asking 2．Two mountains blocking their way 3．spent a great deal of time doing the work
Ⅲ．1．to solve 2．disguised 3． spilling 4．up 5． balancing
6．tears 7．an 8． finally 9．where 10．her
1 / 6课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．He was ill，and ________ (因此) could not come．
2．We need a foreign policy that is more ________ (灵活的)．
3．It is reported that one in seven ________ (车祸) are caused by sleepy drivers．
4．Personal computers now have much increased ________ (记忆力) capacity．
5．As soon as he entered，he sensed the ________ (紧张) in the air．
Ⅱ．选词填空
carry through；trip over；tend to；in despair；pass away
1．After repeated failure，she gave up the attempt ________________．
2．The old man ________________ a stone in the middle of the road and got injured．
3．After all ，we ________________ do what we like doing and what we take delight in．
4．It took him quite a while to be used to living alone after his parents ________________．
5．Whenever she meets with difficulties，her determination always ________ her ________．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Spending time in the great outdoors is a full-on sensory experience with nature's views，endless skies，grand forests，the sounds of the wind and wildlife，and the warm feeling of sun-beams resting on your face．
In fact，a recent study，published in the journal Ambio，found that nature doesn't just smell good，and its fragrances make people feel good as well．The researchers from the University of Kent in the UK sent 194 participants to woodlands throughout the four seasons．The participants reported feeling relaxed and refreshed when they smelled what they described as “fresh air” or “earthy smells”．According to Earth．com，these smells awakened pleasant memories from their childhoods．
While it is well known that being in nature makes people feel good，this study was the first to focus on the olfactory (嗅觉的) aspect of the outdoors．The results showed that there may be more to smell than people give it credit for．The researchers wrote in the study，“We found smells affected multiple aspects of well-being with physical well-being discussed most frequently．”
The same study uncovered the relaxing effect of lack of smells，according to CBS News．People feel more settled in a smell-free zone，with this result possibly linked to the absence of bad-smelling urban smells，like pollution，that interfere with well-being．The study found that even the absence of pollution and unwanted smells that are associated with urban life was noticed by the participants to improve their physical well-being．
Dr Jessica Fisher，study co-author and postdoctoral research associate at Kent's Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology，said，“The study provides findings that can inform the work of practitioners，public health specialists，policy-makers and landscape planners looking to improve well-being outcomes through nature．Small interventions could lead to public health benefits．So，when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods，a picnic under the open skies，or a day at the beach，it pays to keep one's eyes and ears，but also one's nose，open．”
1．Why is the study mentioned in paragraph 2 different from other similar ones
A．It adopted innovative research methods．
B．It involved a number of participants．
C．It was supported officially．
D．It was the first to turn to studying the sense of smell．
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Different smells have different functions．
B．No smell is better than a bad one．
C．Nature smells are necessary to people's life．
D．Pleasant smells can improve people's sense of smell．
3．What are people advised to do in the last paragraph
A．To enjoy nature by their sense of smell as well．
B．To participate in outdoor activities frequently．
C．To be exposed to nature smells as much as possible．
D．To be away from places with bad smells．
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．The Sounds of the Wind and Wildlife
B．A Scientific Study Applied to Our Real Life
C．Smells of Nature Improve Well-being
D．Pollution and Bad Smells Are Associated with Urban Life
Ⅳ．完形填空
My father started his own business in 1980．For a breadwinner with seven children，it was a 1 decision．
To improve himself，my father spent his evening 2 a business school that offered two-year programs for people interested in becoming 3 and administrative assistants．Besides，my father read the town newspaper every morning，and I 4 he would inevitably read the classified section， 5 the “help wanted” advertisements．As a kid，I thought such 6 was only for people seeking a position．
One day，I asked him，“Dad，you have a job．Why do you read the ‘help wanted’ section every day？” “Well，” he replied，“it's 7 for me to know what the employers want for their jobs and what are the things they're 8 ．” A light bulb went off in my mind．Yes，he obviously wasn't looking through the “help wanted” section for himself．He wanted to stay 9 with a hiring mindset．Meanwhile，he 10 something new to develop his own business．
Recently，as a runner，I was 11 _ by an article about On，a company manufacturing athletic shoes．It won net sales of $345 million in the first six months of 2022 and it receives about 70，000 12 per year．One of the key 13 the owners seek in new hiring is “an explorer mindset”，which is just what my father owns．
The explorer mindset sought by On can 14 people outside of the “help wanted” sections of life．As a saying goes，“In so many ways，comfort is the enemy of 15 ．”
1．A．courageous B．joyous
C．generous D．famous
2．A．visiting B．founding
C．attending D．contacting
3．A．instructors B．secretaries
C．experts D．managers
4．A．noticed B．imagined
C．hoped D．proved
5．A．gradually B．specifically
C．entirely D．probably
6．A．equipment B．work
C．honor D．information
7．A．difficult B．convenient
C．important D．suitable
8．A．looking for B．talking about
C．referring to D．dealing with
9．A．popular B．current
C．alive D．busy
10．A．enjoyed B．adjusted
C．explored D．reflected
11．A．followed B．attracted
C．troubled D．cheated
12．A．positions B．opinions
C．suggestions D．applications
13．A．plans B．conditions
C．qualities D．lessons
14．A．challenge B．change
C．benefit D．teach
15．A．dependence B．creativity
C．determination D．productivity
Ⅴ．语法填空
Chinese fans seem to have special meanings in Chinese culture．I've 1．________(receive) a number of them as gifts from my Chinese friends．The fans are very pretty．You may have noticed that almost all female figures in 2．________ (tradition) Chinese paintings carry a silk fan．In the movies of 3．______1930s and 1940s，fans are a very visible article for Shanghai women．4．________ (usual) the structure of the fans is made of sand wood and the faces are made of silk or paper．Because the fans always have a sweet smell，women 5．________ use them appear even more attractive．Fans are probably one of the most appropriate 6．________(expression) of noble females．
Men also use fans．But these fans are quite often much 7．________(big)．Men's fans often use valuable materials for that structure and the faces are always 8．________ (paint) with plants or landscape．As a result 9．________ the open-door policy，fans have become popular again not for people to use at home，10．________ as a gift for foreigners．I heard westerners appreciate these gifts．As fans are small，inexpensive and typically Chinese，many people like to use them as gifts from the overseas trips．
课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ．1．therefore 2．flexible 3．accidents 4．memory 5．tension
Ⅱ．1．in despair 2．tripped over 3．tend to 4．passed away
5．carries；through
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
D B A C
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A C D A B D C A
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B C B D C C B
Ⅴ．1．received 2．traditional 3．the 4．Usually 5．who/that 6．expressions 7．bigger 8．painted 9．of 10．but
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现大自然的气味能增进幸福感。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第三段的“While it is well known that being in nature makes people feel good，this study was the first to focus on the olfactory aspect of the outdoors．”可知，第二段提到的研究不同于其他类似的研究在于它是第一个转向研究嗅觉的。故选D。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第四段可以推断出没有气味比难闻的气味好。故选B。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So，when it comes to enjoying a hike in the woods，a picnic under the open skies，or a day at the beach，it pays to keep one's eyes and ears，but also one's nose，open．”可知，最后一段建议人们通过他们的嗅觉来享受大自然。故选A。]
4．C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段可知，本文主要讲的是一项研究发现大自然的气味能增进幸福感，因此这篇文章最好的标题是C选项“Smells of Nature Improve Well-being．(大自然的气味能增进幸福感。)”，故选C。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲在有工作的情况下，经常看报纸上的招聘版块，拥有了“探索者心态”这种关键品质。作者认为舒适是创造力的敌人。
1．A [根据上文可知，作者的父亲要养活一家七个孩子，在这种情况下开始自己创业，可推理出作者认为父亲做了一个勇敢的决定。故选A项。]
2．C [根据下文“a business school that offered two-year programs”可知，作者的父亲在这所商学院上课。故选C项。]
3．D [根据下文并列连词and以及“administrative assistants”可知父亲在商学院上课的内容涉及公司的管理岗位，分析四个选项，D项“managers经理”表达的含义符合语境。故选D项。]
4．A [根据下文“he would inevitably read the classified section”可知，作者注意到父亲读报纸上的内容。故选A项。]
5．B [根据上文“the classified section”以及下文“the ‘help wanted’ advertisements”可知，下文是比上文更准确的表达。故选B项。]
6．D [根据上文“the classified section”以及 “the ‘help wanted’ advertisements”可知，这是报纸上的信息。故选D项。]
7．C [根据下文“something new to develop his own business”可知，作者的父亲通过阅读报纸上的招聘广告来发现新东西，用来发展自己的事业，可推理出作者的父亲认为这样做很重要。故选C项。]
8．A [根据上文“the things”可知，雇主在招聘，在寻找他们想要的东西。故选A项。]
9．B [根据上文以及“something new to develop his own business”可知作者的父亲阅读报纸上的招聘版块不是为自己找工作，而是要发现一些新的东西来发展自己的事业，保持与潮流一致。故选B项。]
10．C [根据下文“something new”可知，空白处应填表示“探索”含义的动词。故选C项。]
11．B [根据下文“It won net sales of $345 million in the first six months of 2022”可知，这是这家公司的具体经营情况，可推理出作者了解这家公司的运营情况是因为这家公司对作者有吸引力。故选B项。]
12．D [根据下文“in new hiring”可知此处上下文说的是招聘话题，分析四个选项，D项“applications申请”表达的含义符合语境。故选D项。]
13．C [根据下文“an explorer mindset”可知，这是老板们在新招聘中寻求的一个关键品质。故选C项。]
14．C [根据上文“an explorer mindset”可知，作者的父亲拥有探索者心态，是因为经常阅读招聘版块，可推理出作者认为父亲受益于经常阅读招聘版块。故选C项。]
15．B [根据上文可知，On之所以获得成功是因为老板们要求员工具有“探索者心态”这种关键品质，作者的父亲具有这种品质是因为通过阅读招聘版块保持与时代潮流一致而获得这种品质的，这种创新精神是努力得来的，可推理出作者认为舒适是创造力的敌人。故选B项。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于中国文化中扇子的重要意义。此外，文章还讨论了制作男女扇子所使用的材料，以及扇子作为礼物重新流行的原因。总的来说，文章强调了中国扇子的文化意义和美学吸引力。
1．received [考查时态。句意：我从我中国朋友那里收到过很多扇子礼物。have＋动词过去分词表现在完成时。故填received。]
2．traditional [考查词性转换。句意：在传统的国画中几乎所有的女性都带着丝绸的扇子。修饰Chinese paintings 应用形容词 traditional。故填traditional。]
3．the [考查冠词。句意：在20世纪30年代和40年代的电影中，扇子是上海女性的一个非常显眼的物件。年代前用定冠词，故填the。]
4．Usually [考查词性转换。句意：通常扇子的结构是由沙木制成的。根据语境，此处使用副词作状语修饰句子，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Usually。]
5．who/that [ 考查定语从句。句意：因为扇子总是有一股香味，使用它们的女性看起来更有吸引力。先行词为women，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。]
6．expressions [考查名词的数。句意：扇子大概是表达高贵女性最合适的一种方式了。one of＋形容词最高级＋复数名词，表示“最……的之一”。故填expressions。]
7．bigger [考查形容词比较级。句意：男性使用的扇子实际上(比女性的)大得多。much＋比较级，故填bigger。]
8．painted [考查过去分词。句意：男性扇子通常使用有价值的材料来制作这种结构，而且扇面上通常画有植物或风景。扇面faces和paint之间是被动关系，前面已有助词are，故填paint的过去分词painted。故填painted。]
9．of [考查介词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，人们不但在国内使用，而且作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查短语as a result of，意为“(作)为……的结果”。故填of。]
10．but [考查连词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，人们不但在国内使用，而且作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查连词not...but...，意为“不但……而且……”，故填but。]
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