2026届高考英语复习语法填空能力提升专练之中国载人航天事业专篇（含答案）

2026届高考英语复习语法填空能力提升专练之中国载人航天事业专篇
A
A little after 9 a.m. on October 15, 2003, Shenzhou-5 entered Earth's orbit carrying astronaut Yang Liwei, 1. made China the third country in the world to achieve crewed spaceflight.
The 38-year-old astronaut orbited the planet 14 times, 2. (spend) a little more than 21 hours in space, before his capsule touched down the following morning in Inner Mongolia, making him a 3. (nation) hero.
Shenzhou-5 came after 4. (much) than ten years of efforts designing and testing the Shenzhou spacecraft. Each spacecraft has three sections. There is a reentry capsule, which 5. (use) by astronauts during launch and reentry; a propulsion module; and 6. orbiting module for astronauts to use during orbit. The orbital module can be separated from the reentry module in space so they can dock with another spacecraft.
Since 2003, Shenzhou missions 7. (include) Shenzhou-7 (2008), which was the first three-person mission; Shenzhou-9 (2012), which launched Liu Yang, the first female Chinese astronaut 8. space; and Shenzhou-11 (2016), which spent a record 33 days in space.
The mid-range goal of the Shenzhou program is connected to the 9.
(develop) of China's own crewed space station. Two experimental prototypes — Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 — have been launched so far 10. (test) space station systems. During their missions, Shenzhou-9 docked with Tiangong-1, and Shenzhou-11 docked with Tiangong-2.
B
Like most space programs, the main purpose of Shenzhou is research and exploration. 1. , education is also an important goal. Indeed, astronaut Wang Yaping even taught a physics lesson to 60 million Chinese students from Tiangong-1 during the Shenzhou-10 mission in 2013.
2. she said later, “I have visited dozens of schools to speak face-to-face with the kids... I never thought that such a space class could have such a profound impact 3. those kids, that it could really inspire them towards their dreams.”
The Chang'e-4 lander is floating through the black emptiness of space, 99 meters (325 ft) above the Von Kármán crater in the moon's South Pole — Aitken Basin. It pauses. Then it 4. (automatic) turns so that its feet are facing downwards, and slowly eases closer to the moon's gray surface. Chang'e-4 pauses again briefly, then lands softly. It is January 3, 2019, 10:26 a.m., Beijing time, and mankind's first soft landing on the far side of the moon has been 5. (success) (a "soft" landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and suffers no damage). Twelve hours 6. (late), the small Yutu-2 rover is released. With its instruments and camera, it will spend the next months,perhaps even years,7.
(discover) the moon's secrets in this great 8. (achieve) of human engineering.
9. (understand) why Chang'e-4's soft landing was such an achievement, we need to consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark. The moon's rotation takes exactly the same time as it takes the moon to go around Earth. That 10. (mean) that the same side of the moon is always facing Earth. The so-called dark side of the moon is just the side of the moon facing away from us.
C
The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication. Since the far side of the moon is always facing away from Earth, there is no clear line of sight between it 1. Earth.
This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible. 2. example, when the Apollo missions went around the moon in 3. late 1960s and early 1970s, the astronauts were 4. (complete) cut off from Earth for the brief time they were on the far side. Since the moon was between them and Earth for only a short time, this was not a problem, but with no line of sight to allow radio communications, how could Chang'e-4 have a successful mission 5. (stay) on the far side of the moon
Chinese engineers came up with a unique 6. (solve). Before Chang'e-4's mission, they sent the Queqiao communication satellite into space. On June 14, 2018, it entered a halo orbit on the far side of the moon. This allows it 7. (be) in the line of sight of both Earth and the far side of the moon at the same time. When engineers need to communicate with Chang'e-4 and Yutu-2, they can send radio messages to Queqiao. The messages will then 8. (be) from the satellite down to the lander and rover. This allows for contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
Why was Chang'e-4 sent to the moon Apart from proof of concept-proof 9.
we can successfully work on the far side of the moon—the mission has several unique goals. For example, Queqiao and the Chang'e-4 lander have instruments that allow them to observe low-frequency radio waves from space—something that cannot be done from Earth because of Earth's atmosphere. And the instruments on Chang'e-4
10. (design) specifically to study radio waves from the sun.
D
The Chang'e-4 lander also has an experiment which involves plant seeds and fruit fly eggs. This experiment was designed to test a closed ecological system 1.
could be essential for long-term space missions: The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies, while fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants. This experiment worked for nine days, 2. it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52°C as the lunar night set in. (The lunar night lasts almost 14 days.) This short study still gave scientists important information for the design of future experiments.
Both the Chang'e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 lunar rover also have instruments designed 3. (study) solar winds. Meanwhile, in addition to 4. (it) cameras, the Yutu-2 lunar rover has ground radar which allows it to see below the surface of the moon, and instruments that can identify the materials that form it. Scientists hope that the Chang'e-4 mission can do basic research 5. the moon's structure; in fact, this part of the mission is already showing 6. (value) results. However, research is slow because the Yutu-2 rover is solar-powered, which means that every two weeks it must 7. (cut) down for the lunar night.
Of course, the Chinese interest in the heavens revealed itself in much more than just legends and poetry. Some of the world’s earliest and best astronomers were Chinese. For example, it is thought that Chinese astronomers recorded the first 8.
(observe) of Halley’s comet in 613 BCE. Chinese astronomers were also experts at tracking astronomical events such as eclipses. Indeed, their 9. (record) on lunar and solar eclipses were so good that Chinese astronomers became able to predict them, having worked out the relationship between the orbits of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Astronomers such as Zhang Heng (78-139) also noted that while the sun
10. (give) off light, the moon reflected it — a controversial idea at the time.
E
Zhang is particularly noteworthy because of his many inventions. In the field of astronomy, he is famous for completing a star catalogue which listed over 2,500 heavenly bodies, more than double the number 1. (list) in Ptolemy’s star catalogue which appeared at around the same time in the West.
However, Zhang’s main astronomical achievement was the creation of the world’s first water-powered armillary sphere. An armillary sphere is a set of rings that move 2. (independent) of each other, 3. (represent) objects such as Earth, the moon, the sun, the planets, and selected stars. It can be used 4. (see) how objects in the sky move in relation to each other, and to predict the seasons and
5. (vary) astronomical events — it is 6. important tool for creating accurate calendars. While the armillary sphere had been invented earlier (in China and independently in Greece), Zhang’s sphere was a great 7. (improve) over previous versions, and became the model for future Chinese armillary spheres for centuries to come.
A much later Chinese astronomer, Guo Shoujing (1231-1316), improved upon the armillary sphere. His work impressed Kublai Khan (1215-1294) so much 8.
the Yuan emperor ordered Guo to make a more accurate calendar. To do this, Guo built 27 observatories around China to help 9. (he) in his calculations. In 1280, he came out with a new calendar which calculated the year as having 365.2425 days. This calculation differs from modern measurements by only 26 seconds. His calendar was similar to the Gregorian calendar that 10. (introduce) in Europe about 300 years later, and it was used as the official calendar in China for nearly 370 years.
F
The development of China's space program was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science, Qian Xuesen (1911-2009), 1. had studied under Theodore von Kármán (1881-1963) at Caltech in the USA and was one of the
2. (founder) of the world-famous Jet Propulsion Laboratory there. As 3.
result of extensive preparation and planning, the Shenzhou crewed program began in
1992, and the first Chinese astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in 2003.
While the Shenzhou program is still going forward, China also has other aerospace projects. For example, there is the Tiangong program, 4. involves sending into orbit prototypes of a future crewed space station. China is also interested in Mars and on July 23, 2020, Tianwen-1 5. (launch). This uncrewed mission includes an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, which will provide information on the Red Planet's atmosphere, climate, and geography. This effort is part of a long-range program which in time will result 6. a crewed station on Mars. 7. (final), closer to Earth, there is the Mozi satellite, which is a proof-of-concept experiment to see if it is possible to use satellites for quantum and laser communications. This experiment has proven successful, and will lead in the future to secure, high-speed communication on Earth via satellites.
Future missions will include a spacecraft 8. (design) to bring lunar samples back to Earth and the development of systems and technologies that will allow for the 9. (create) of crewed space stations in the 2020s and 2030s. Such technological achievements would no doubt have seemed impossible to believe by those in ancient China, many of whom even imagined that there was a white rabbit on the moon 10. (make) medicine, yet these missions are much more than a dream for aerospace engineers working in China today.
G
China is making steady progress in its manned lunar exploration program, with all research and construction work advancing as planned 1. (achieve) the goal of sending Chinese astronauts to the lunar surface by 2030, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The agency said in a news release on Monday that key components of the ambitious project, 2. (include) the Long March 10 heavy-lift carrier rocket, Mengzhou manned spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar suit and Tansuo crew rover, are 3. (current) in the preliminary prototype development phase, and the design work is proceeding on schedule.
Meanwhile, construction of new testing and launch facilities is underway at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province. The overall design plans for ground systems like tracking, telemetry, command and landing site infrastructure have been finalized, and construction work 4. (set) to begin imminently, according to the release.
Once realized, China's manned lunar program will make the country 5.
second nation to land astronauts on the moon, significantly boosting its 6.
(globe) space standing.The United States successfully made six Apollo crewed missions in the 1960s and 1970s, bringing 12 Americans to the silver celestial body.The country's road map for 7. (it) first manned lunar expedition 8.
(involve) two Long March 10 launches from the Wenchang spaceport to transport a Lanyue lunar lander and a Mengzhou manned spacecraft to lunar orbit.
After reaching their preset orbital positions, the Lanyue lander and the Mengzhou vessel will rendezvous and dock. Two crew members will enter the lander, 9. will then undock and descend toward the lunar surface for an engine-assisted soft landing.On the moon, the astronauts will drive a Tansuo rover to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon completion of their assignments, they will return to the Lanyue module, which will fly them back to their spaceship waiting in lunar orbit. In the final stage, the astronauts will carry the samples into the Mengzhou spacecraft, which will then undock and carry the crew back to Earth.
To prepare 10. the challenging adventure, China has selected its fourth group of astronauts, who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations.
附：参考答案：
A:1.which;2.spending;3.national;4.more;5.is used;6.an;7.have included;8.into;
9.development;10.to test.
B:1.However;2.As;3.on;4.automatically;5.successful;6.later;7.discovering;
8.achievement;9.To understand;10.means.
C:1.and;2.For;3.the;4.completely;5.staying;6.solution;7.to be;8.be sent;9.that;
10.are designed.
D:1.that/which;2.but;3.to study;4.its;5.on;6.valuable;7.be shut;8.observation;
9.records;10.gave.
E:1.listed;2.independently;3.representing;4.to see;5.various;6.an;7.improvement;
8.that;9.him;10.was introduced.
F:1.who;2.founders;3.a;4.which;5.was launched;6.in;7.Finally;8.designed;
9.creation;10.making.
G:1.to achieve;2.including;3.currently;4.is set;5.the;6.global;7.its;8.involves;9.which;
10.for.