课件50张PPT。MODULE 2(5)Cultural CornerTraffic Jam黑龙江省哈尔滨市 邱尚瑛Cultural corner Understand the meaning of the passage
2. Describing traffic jams correctly.1. Give advice or information to visitors to your hometown
2. Improve the abilities in reading & speaking.Look at picturesDo you know about the cities?
Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?
Does the traffic problem occur only in developing countries?
What about the developed countries?What’s your opinion ? Pre-readingLook at the questions before read the text1. What is a congestions charge?
2. Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?
3. Where does the worst problem occur?
4. Can you give some names of the cities where the worst problems occur except the cities the passage mentioned?Discuss the questions in pairs while you are readingPre-readingLook at the questions before reading the text5. Which city is now the USA’s most congested city?
6. What did the Mayor of London introduce according to the passage?
7. How can they solve the problems according to the passage?
Discuss the questions in pairs while you are readingPre-readingLook at the questions before reading the text8. Did Londoners agree with the idea to pay the charge for cars coming into city centre? Why?
9. Were the cars coming into central London reduced? What did more people use to get to work?
10. Who think the charge should be increased? Why?Discuss the questions in pairs while you are reading A. not only in Beijing but in US as well.
B. anywhere in the world Choose the best answer
1. People can get stuck in a traffic jam ______.C. in the outside space
D. Both A and B Fast ReadingChoose the best answer
2. What is the congestion charge?Fast Reading A. It is a tax for vehicles coming into the central city in London
B. It is only tax the people who live in London have to pay.
C. It is a tax for cars enter London.
D. Both A and C.Choose the best answer
3. Most of the people in London ________.Fast Reading A. are willing to accept the idea to pay some money for coming into central city
B. agree with the idea of congestion charge to solve the traffic problems
C. don’t want to pay money when they enter the central London
D. though that the fee is expensiveChoose the best answer
4. Which statement is true according to the passage?Fast ReadingA. The charge is helpful to reduce the number of the cars coming into central city.
B. A survey carried out at the end of 2003 showed the cars coming into central London reduced.
C. More people used public transport or bicycles to get to work .
D. all of aboveChoose the best answer
5. Who thinks the charge should be much higher?Fast ReadingA. The people who plan to increase the charge.
B. The people who are rich businessmen and work in the central city.C. The people who want to park their cars out of the city center.
D. all of aboveReadingLet’s read the passage again and learn the passage carefully.The London Congestion ChargeThe possible answers to the questionsPost-reading1. What is a congestions charge?
2. Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?
3. Where does the worst problems occur?No, Beijing isn’t only the city with traffic problems.The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast.It is a tax for cars entering the city centre.The possible answers to the questionsPost-reading4. Can you give some names of the cities where the worst problems occur except the cities the passage mentioned?
5. Which city is now the USA’s most congested city? The worst problems can occur in any cities all over the world, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, Tokyo.Los Angeles is now the USA’s most congested city.The possible answers to the questionsPost-reading6. What did the Mayor of London introduce according to the passage?
7. How can they solve the problems according to the passage?The Mayor of London introduced a ‘congestion charge’.They can charge a tax for cars entering the city centre, and every car has to pay ￡5 a day .The possible answers to the questionsPost-reading8. Did Londoners agree with the idea to pay the charge for cars coming into city centre? Why?
9. Was the cars coming into central London reduced? What did more people use to get to work?No, they didn’t. They thought the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom.Yes, they was. More people use public transport and bicycles to get to work.The possible answers to the questionsPost-reading10. Who think the charge should be increased? Why?The rich businessmen think the charge should be increased because they can easily afford it, and they think this would keep even more cars out of central London and the road would be nearly empty.1. occur vi. 发生；出现；闪现
The same idea had occurred to him.
他也想到了这个主意（这个主意出现在他的脑海中）。
The time when a solar eclipse will occur can be calculated.
日食发生的时间可以推算出来。
【辨析】 occur, happen, take place
三者都可表示“发生”之意，都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。
The words and expressions(1) occur 可用于具体或抽象的事物，通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事。
当表示具体的事物时，可与happen换用。
I'm afraid that this would occur during my absence.
恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。
= I'm afraid that this would happen during my absence.The words and expressions【辨析】【辨析】 当表示 “某个想法” 出现在人的头脑中时不能用happen代替。
Dose it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking?
我时不时想的那件事你是不是也曾再你头脑中出现过？
The words and expressions(2) happen 作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的“发生”。
New things are happening all around us.
我们身边总有新事发生。
happen还可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。
It happened that I had no money on me.
我恰巧没钱了。The words and expressions【辨析】 (3) take place 通常指“（某事）按计划进行、举行或按计划发生”。
Great changes have taken place in China during the past ten years.
近十年中国发生了很大的变化。
The meeting will take place next Friday.
会议将在下周五举行。The words and expressions【辨析】The words and expressions (1) occurrent adj.
正在发生的；偶然发生的
The occurrent proportion was significantly less in the experimental group than that in the control group.
发生的比例实验组明显少于对照组。【扩展】The words and expressions (2) occurrence n.
发生；出现；事件；发生的事情
This is quite a common occurrence.
这种现象很平常。
We must prevent the occurrence of similar incidents.
我们必须防止类似事件再次发生。【扩展】The words and expressions2. mind n.
心，精神，智力，头脑， 决心，见解，回想 ，心智
She has closed her mind to last year's traumas.
她不再去想去年遭受的创伤。The words and expressionskeep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring / call sth, to mind回忆某事
out of mind 忘记，想不起来
make up one’s mind 下决心，做决定
keep one’s mind on ... 把注意力集中在……上；把心思放在……上
change one’s mind 改主意
close one’s mind 不去想，封闭心灵【常用搭配】The words and expressions (1) I hope you will keep in mind what I am saying.
我希望你把我所说的话记在心里。
(2) Can you bring to mind the name of the child? 你记得起那孩子的姓名吗？
(3) Problems, once they are out of sight are out of mind.
问题一旦眼不见了，心也就不烦了。【常用搭配】The words and expressions (4) Make up your mind, you can't have it both ways. 你决定吧，鱼与熊掌不可兼得。
(5) A student should keep his mind on his studies. 学生应该把注意力集中在学习上。
(6) It would be impossible to change his mind. 要让他改变想法是不可能的事情。
(7) I tried to close my mind to what was happening. 我尽量不去想所发生的事。【常用搭配】The words and expressions3. point n. 观点；（空间或时间的上的）
一点；地点；（特定的）地方
分数；得分
v. 指；指向
I think you've made your point.
我想你已证明了你的观点了。
An arrow pointed to the Gogol Street.
箭头指向果戈里大街。 The words and expressions
at all points 在各方面；充分的 (n.)
at the point of 靠近；将近……的时候 (n.)
keep to the point 扣住主题 (n.)
to the point 切中主题/要害；中肯的 (n.)
The point is... 最重要的是……；问题是…… (n.)
point to 指向（远处的对象或目标） (v.)
point at 指着……（近处的对象或目标）(v.)
point out 指出（要点或错误等） (v.)【常用搭配】The words and expressions(1)We were safe guarded at all points.
我们有充分的保卫措施。.
This means that the temperature and pressure are the same at all points.
这意味着温度和压力在各处都一样。
(2) When Wang Hong broke her beautiful vase, she was at the point of tears.
当玛丽打碎了她的漂亮花瓶时，她几乎都要哭了。【常用搭配】The words and expressions (3) I wish he'd just keep to the point.
我希望他别跑题。
(4) I hope to be brief and to the point.
我希望简明扼要，抓住重点。
(5) The point is, these kids get noticed.
关键是这些孩子得到了关注。【常用搭配】The words and expressions (6) He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said, “That’s my home.”
他指着河对岸的房子说：“那就是我家.”
(7) The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said,“You must look carefully.”
老师指着黑板说：“你必须看仔细。”
(8) The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.
老师指出了我作业里的许多错误。【常用搭配】The words and expressions point at，point to和point out的意思都与 “指”有关，但使用上是有区别的。
(1) point at 习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”。at是介词,着重于指的对象或者近处的事物、目标。
Don’t point at the words while you are reading.
读书时不要用手指着字。【辨析】The words and expressions(2) point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”。to也是介词，着重于指的方向。
As he started the operation,the hour hand of the clock pointed to 9.
他开始手术时，时针指向九点。
(3) point out表示的是给某人指示方向、要点或错误等，意为“指出”。out是副词。
Will you please point out the man who saved the boy’s life?
请你指出那个救男孩性命的人好吗?【辨析】The words and expressions (1) point at和point to有时可互换，但事物名词作主语时，常用point to。
The building points to the east.
这所大楼朝东。
(2) point at可分开使用，point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at表示方向。而point to不能这样用。point to还有说明、显示的意思。 【温馨提示】The words and expressions They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.
他们把枪指着她的头，但她并不害怕。
All the facts point to the same conclusion.
所有事实都说明同样的结论。【温馨提示】The words and expressions4. afford vt.
（常与can, could, be able to连用）
提供；买得起；担负得起
There's no way we can afford to buy a house at the moment.
眼下我们无论如何也买不起房子。The words and expressions4. If you can't afford a new copy, perhaps you can find a second hand copy.
如果你买不起新书，你或许可以买到一本旧的。
affordable adj. 买得起的
Affordable healthcare is a global problem.
平价的卫生保健是一个全球问题。 The best way to see my hometown is to take a minibus or to go around by bike. Speaking practiceAnd if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo, you’d better take a taxi.Ask and answer the questions1. Which is the best way to see your hometown? The best time to use public transport is from 9:30 in the morning to 3:30 in the afternoon. There isn’t much traffic jam during the period, and the traffic often better than other hours.Ask and answer the questions2. When is the best time to use public transport?Speaking practice Yes, they are very cheap, just 1 or 2 yuan every time you get on the bus. Speaking practice You can simply raise your hand on a street, and a taxi will appear in front of you.Ask and answer the questions3. Are the bus cheap?4. How can I get a taxi ? Yes, you can see the signs of the underground stops which tell you where it can take you to go in the bigger streets. Speaking practiceAsk and answer the questions5. Is the underground easy to use? 6. Do public transport services operate at night? Most of them operate until 10:00 or 10:30 pm.Module FileGiving adviceYou should …
Make sure you …
It’s a good idea to … You should take a taxi if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo.
Make sure you know the time when the traffic is better.
It’s a good idea to go there by bike.Module FileGiving adviceWhy not … ?
Why don’t you …?
You’d better … Why not go there by bus? It’s very convenience.
Why don’t you go around by bike?
You’d better take underground to get there. It’s faster than the other public transport. In this unit, we learned how to give advice, and how to talk about the traffic.
When we give advice, we should use --
Why not …/ Why don’t you? / Make sure you …/ You should …/ It’s a good idea to …/ You’d better …Summary
For example,
You should take a taxi if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo.
It’s a good idea to go there by bike.
Why don’t you go around by bike?
1. Talking about the traffic in your town, and giving advice to visitors about the public traffic.
2. Finish the exercise
of this unit.HomeworkHomework Homework HomeworkLet’s end of this part.
Thank you !Googbye and good luckThank you for your attentionThank YouGoodbye and Good Luck2. Practice describing the traffic jamcorrectly.
学习正确描述交通阻塞问题。
3. Master he use of the imperative.
掌握祈使句的用法。
Difficult points 难点
1. Describe the traffic jamcorrectly.
正确描述交通阻塞。
2. Talk about the traffic problemcorrectly.
正确谈论交通问题。
Teaching methods 教学方法
1. Multi-media teaching.
多媒体教学
2. Writing on the blackboard.
板书
3. Class activities: discussion in pairs and in class.
课堂活动：分组讨论
Teaching procedures 教学过程
[Cultural corner]
Step one
Leading in 导入
1. Reading and thinking 读一读想一想
Read the questions. Then look at the pictures and think over.21教育名师原创作品
阅读下列问题，然后看图思考
(1. Do you know about the cities?
(2. Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?
(3. Does the traffic problem occur only in developing countries?
(4. What about the developed countries?
(5. What’s your opinion about these questions?
2. Pre-reading 阅读
Look at the questions before read the text.
阅读之前前看问题
Discuss the questions in pairs while you are reading,
边阅读边与同桌讨论
(1. What is a congestions charge?
(2. Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(3. Where does the worst problem occur?
(4. Can you give some names of the cities where the worst problems occur except the cities the passage mentioned?
(5. Which city is now the USA’s most congested city?
(6. What did the Mayor of London introduce according to the passage?
(7. How can they solve the problems according to the passage?
(8. Did Londoners agree with the idea to pay the charge for cars coming into city centre? Why?21·cn·jy·com
(9. Were the cars coming into central London reduced? What did more people use to get to work?
(10. Who think the charge should be increased? Why?
Step two
Fast reading
1. Choose the best answer
Look at the screen and choose the best answer after you finish the fast reading.
快速阅读后请看屏幕选出最佳答案。
Check the answers on screen.
1) People can get stuck in a traffic jam ______.
A. not only in Beijing but in US as well.
B. anywhere in the world
C. in the outside space
D. Both A and B
2) What is the congestion charge?
A. It is a tax for vehicles coming into the central city in London.
B. It is only tax the people who live in London have to pay.
C. It is a tax for cars enter London.
D. Both A and C.
3) Most of the people in London ________.
A. are willing to accept the idea to pay some money for coming into central city
B. agree with the idea of congestion charge to solve the traffic problems
C. don’t want to pay money when they enter the central London
D. though that the fee is expensive
4) Which statement is true according to the passage?21*cnjy*com
A. The charge is helpful to reduce the number of the cars coming into central city.
B. A survey carried out at the end of 2003 showed the cars coming into central London reduced.
C. More people used public transport or bicycles to get to work .
D. all of above
5) Who thinks the charge should be much higher?
A. The people who plan to increase the charge.
B. The people who are rich businessmen and work in the central city.
C. The people who want to park their cars out of the city center.
D. all of above
（D A D D B）
Step three
Intensive reading 精读
1. Discussion 讨论
Look at the questions and discuss them again, and check the answers.
看问题再讨论，核对参考答案。
Ask students to look at the possible answers on screen.
1) What is a congestions charge?
It is a tax for cars entering the city centre.21世纪教育网版权所有
2) Is Beijing the only city with traffic problems?
No, Beijing isn’t only the city with traffic problems.
3) Where does the worst problems occur?
The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast.
4) Can you give some names of the cities where the worst problems occur except the cities the passage mentioned?
The worst problems can occur in any cities all over the world, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, Tokyo.
5) Which city is now the USA’s most congested city?
Los Angeles is now the USA’s most congested city.
6) What did the Mayor of London introduce according to the passage?
The Mayor of London introduced a ‘congestion charge’.
7) How can they solve the problems according to the passage?
They can charge a tax for cars entering the city centre, and every car has to pay ￡5 a day .
8) Did Londoners agree with the idea to pay the charge for cars coming into city centre? Why?
No, they didn’t. They thought the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom.21cnjy.com
9) Was the cars coming into central London reduced? What did more people use to get to work?
Yes, they was. More people use public transport and bicycles to get to work.
10) Who think the charge should be increased? Why?
The rich businessmen think the charge should be increased because they can easily afford it, and they think this would keep even more cars out of central London and the road would be nearly empty.
New things are happening all around us.
我们身边总有新事发生。
happen还可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。
It happened that I had no money on me.
我恰巧没钱了。
(3) take place 通常指“（某事）按计划进行、举行或按计划发生”。
Great changes have taken place in China during the past ten years.
近十年中国发生了很大的变化。
The meeting will take place next Friday.
会议将在下周五举行。
【扩展】
(1) occurrent adj. 正在发生的；偶然发生的
The occurrent proportion was significantly less in the experimental group than that in the control group.
发生的比例实验组明显少于对照组。
(2) occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发生的事情
This is quite a common occurrence.
这种现象很平常。
We must prevent the occurrence of similar incidents. www-2-1-cnjy-com
我们必须防止类似事件再次发生。
2) mind n. 心，精神，智力，头脑，决心，见解，回想
She has closed her mind to last year's traumas.
她不再去想去年遭受的创伤。
【常用搭配】
keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring / call sth, to mind回忆某事
out of mind 忘记，想不起来
make up one’s mind 下决心，做决定
keep one’s mind on ... 把注意力集中在……上；把心思放在……上
change one’s mind 改主意
close one’s mind 不去想，封闭心灵
我想你已证明了你的观点了。
An arrow pointed to the Gogol Street.
箭头指向果戈里大街。
【常用搭配】
at all points 在各方面；充分的 (n.)
at the point of 靠近；将近……的时候 (n.)
keep to the point 扣住主题 (n.)
to the point 切中主题/要害；中肯的 (n.)
The point is... 最重要的是……；问题是…… (n.)
point to 指向（远处的对象或目标） (v.)
point at 指着……（近处的对象或目标）(v.)
point out 指出（要点或错误等） (v.)
(1)We were safe guarded at all points.
我们有充分的保卫措施。.
This means that the temperature and pressure are the same at all points.
这意味着温度和压力在各处都一样。
(2) When Wang Hong broke her beautiful vase, she was at the point of tears.
当玛丽打碎了她的漂亮花瓶时，她几乎都要哭了。
(3) I wish he'd just keep to the point.
我希望他别跑题。
(4) I hope to be brief and to the point.
我希望简明扼要，抓住重点。
(5) The point is, these kids get noticed.
关键是这些孩子得到了关注。
Will you please point out the man who saved the boy’s life?
请你指出那个救男孩性命的人好吗?
【温馨提示】
(1) point at和point to有时可互换，但事物名词作主语时，常用point to。
The building points to the east.
这所大楼朝东。
(2) point at可分开使用，point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at表示方向。而point to不能这样用。point to还有说明、显示的意思。
They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.
他们把枪指着她的头，但她并不害怕。
All the facts point to the same conclusion.
所有事实都说明同样的结论。
4) afford vt.（常与can, could, be able to连用）提供；买得起；担负得起
There's no way we can afford to buy a house at the moment.
眼下我们无论如何也买不起房子。
If you can't afford a new copy, perhaps you can find a second hand copy.
如果你买不起新书，你或许可以买到一本旧的。
affordable adj. 买得起的
Affordable healthcare is a global problem.
平价的卫生保健是一个全球问题。
Step four
Task
1. Speaking
Work in pairs to give advice or information to visitors.21教育网
Look at possible answers on screen.
1) Which is the best way to see your hometown?
The best way to see my hometown is to take a minibus or to go around by bike. And if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo, you’d better take a taxi.
2) When is the best time to use public transport?2·1·c·n·j·y
The best time to use public transport is from 9:30 in the morning to 3:30 in the afternoon. There isn’t much traffic jam during the period, and the traffic often better than other hours.21·世纪*教育网
3) Are the bus cheap?
Yes, they are very cheap, just 1 or 2 yuan every time you get on the bus.
4) How can I get a taxi ?
You can simply raise your hand on a street, and a taxi will appear in front of you. 21*cnjy*com
5) Is the underground easy to use?
Yes, you can see the signs of the underground stops which tell you where it can take you to go in the bigger streets. 【出处：21教育名师】
6) Do public transport services operate at night?【版权所有：21教育】
Most of them operate until 10:00 or 10:30 pm.
Step five
Module file
1. Reading
Read and remember what we’ve learned.
2. Practice
Look at the screen and read.
You should take a taxi if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo.
Make sure you know the time when the traffic is better.2-1-c-n-j-y
It’s a good idea to go there by bike.
Why not go there by bus? It’s very convenience.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Why don’t you go around by bike?
You’d better take underground to get there. It’s faster than the other public transport.
Step six
Summary
In this unit, we learned how to give advice, and how to talk about the traffic.
When we give advice, we should use --
The samples:
Why not …
Why don’t you ...?
Make sure you …
You should …
You’d better ...
It’s a good idea to ...
Look at the samples on screen.
You should take a taxi if you want to go to the Northeast Tiger Zoo.
It’s a good idea to go there by bike.
Why don’t you go around by bike?
Homework
1. Talking about the traffic in your town, and giving advice to visitors about the public traffic.www.21-cn-jy.com
2. Finish the exercise of this unit.
