英语 必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
crash vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．sweep vt.& vi. 打扫；清扫
2．strike vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
3．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
4．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．summary n. 总结；概括；概要→sum v. 概括，总结；求……的和
2．length n. 长；长度→lengthen v. 延长；加长；使伸长→long adj. 长的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
wave 熟义：n. 海浪；波浪
生义：vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
sweep__away 消灭；彻底消除
六、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
per 穿过；彻底地；整个地；每一；每个 percent,__perfect, permit, perceive, pervade
uni 一个，单个的 unify,__uniform, universe, unique, university
al 形容词后缀，表示“关于……的；属于……的”；名词后缀，表示“动作，过程，状态” revival,__survival, arrival, emotional, criminal
ency 名词后缀，表示“能力，状态，性质” emergency,__agency, currency, efficiency, deficiency
课文三维剖析
The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004 每日新闻 海啸袭击亚洲：6，500余人丧生 罗伯特·伍德豪斯 星期一 2004年12月27日 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that1 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people2 in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake3 that4 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1，870 people were killed. 昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6，500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1，870人死亡。 In Sri Lanka, some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2，498, and5 one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when6 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and7 run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. 政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1，600千米处，死亡人数高达2，498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1，900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1，900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。” Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher8 over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies9. 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 1 引导定语从句，修饰tsunami 2 现在分词短语作结果状语 3 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰waves 4 引导定语从句，修饰earthquake 5 连接并列句the number of ... at 2，498和one million ... by the tsunami 6 be doing sth when ... 表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)……” 7 连接并列的谓语动词leave和run 8 形容词的比较级 9 make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth 表示“使做某事变得……”，it为形式宾语，不定式短语to do sth为真正的宾语
阅读领悟
(一)文章分段大意
(二)根据课文总结新闻稿的结构
探究一 热词
1.sweep v. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫；阔步走，大模大样地走 n. 打扫，清扫(教材P54)
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 sweep up 打扫；清扫 sweep aside 拒不理会；全然无视 sweep through 掠过(某地)；蔓延 make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除；全部撤换
【语境感知】
①Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
她冲进房间的时候，每个人都抬头看她。(动作描写)
②He was left to sweep up after the party.
宴会结束后，他被留下来做打扫工作。
③The fire swept through the house.
火势迅速在房子里蔓延开来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Get a broom and sweep up that glass, will you
②I want to make a clean sweep of everything I've learnt and start afresh.
【学会表达】完成句子
③春节前我们打扫房子，扫除霉运。(风俗习惯)
We clean the house and sweep__away__bad__luck before the Spring Festival.
2.strike v. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；敲；报时；突然想到 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(教材P54)
be struck by/with ... 被……击中；(引申义)被……打动；迷恋…… It strikes sb that ... ＝It occurs to sb that ... 某人突然想到…… strike a match 划火柴 strike twelve (钟)敲12点 go on strike 举行罢工(表示动作) be on strike 在罢工(表示状态)
【语境感知】
①Midnight had just struck when I went upstairs to bed.
我上楼睡觉时，时钟刚刚敲过午夜12点。
②Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there had to be something more to life.
她坐在书桌前，突然意识到生活一定还意味着更多的东西。
③It strikes me that you'd be better off working for someone else.
我觉得你换个老板处境会好些。
【学会运用】写出下列句中strike的词性及含义
①Even in the summertime we might be struck by blizzards.v.__侵袭
②The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. v.__敲响
③A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. v.__突然想到
④Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents. n.__罢工
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤我突然意识到我们可能做出了错误的决定。
It__struck__me__that__we__might__have__made__the__wrong__decision.
3.deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表(教材P54)
delivery n. 递送；传送 deliver ... to ... 把……递送给…… deliver a speech 发表演说 express delivery 快递 a delivery man 快递员
【语境感知】
①I usually have fast food delivered to my office.
我通常叫人把快餐送到我的办公室。
②When it was my turn to deliver a speech, I was so nervous and embarrassed.
当轮到我演讲时，我感到非常紧张和尴尬。(心理描写)
③We offer a comprehensive range of express delivery options for a small additional charge.
我们提供全面的快递服务，只收取少量的额外费用。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Please take delivery (deliver) of the goods at the station next Friday.
②The damaged roads made it difficult to deliver food and supplies to those in need.
【学会表达】完成句子
③当我收到贵校的演讲邀请时，我感到非常兴奋。
I felt very excited when I received the invitation to__deliver__a__speech__in__your__school.
4.effect n. 影响；结果；效果(教材P55)
effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响/效果 take effect/come into effect 生效 carry/bring/put ... into effect 实施 in effect 实际上；有效 side effect 副作用
【语境感知】
①Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance.
个人才能对团队表现有积极影响。
②The traffic laws don't take effect/come into effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。
③The person, viewed as a hero, in effect is a writer popular with young people.
这个被视为英雄的人，实际上是一个受年轻人欢迎的作家。
易混词 区别
affect 用作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
effect 用作名词，指“效果，作用”；用作动词，指“按照某人的愿望产生，引起”
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's an extremely effective (effect) cure for a headache.
②The present system of payment will remain in effect until the end of the rental agreement.
③When do the new driving laws come into effect
④Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on/upon our life as well as society.
【学会表达】一句多译
⑤汽车对人们的生活方式产生了极大的影响。
Automobiles have__a__great__effect__on/upon__the__lifestyles__of__people. (effect)
＝Automobiles affect__the__lifestyles__of__people__greatly. (affect)
5.length n. 长；长度→lengthen v. 延长；加长；使伸长→long adj. 长的
【语境感知】
We measured the length of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters long.
我们测量了客厅的长度，发现它有6.3米长。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①As the summer approached, days lengthened (length)．
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我们这里离任何一个地方都很远。
We're__a__long__way__from__anywhere__here.
③有些鱼可以长到四英尺长。
Some__fish__can__grow__to__a__length__of__four__feet.
6.wave [熟义] n. 海浪；波浪 [生义] vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
【语境感知】
①The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed the coast.
就在巨浪冲击海岸之前，海滩上的人很快就被疏散了。
②With the math problem worked out, we waved goodbye to our teacher and left the classroom.
数学问题解决了，我们向老师挥手告别，离开了教室。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①All she could hear was the sound of the waves (wave).
②I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved (wave) me through.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③第三个浪头如此猛烈，把我击得往后退。
The__third__wave__was__so__strong__that__it__knocked__me__backward.
④火车消失在远处时，妈妈还在挥手。
Mom__was__still__waving__as__the__train__disappeared__in__the__distance.
探究二 长难句分析
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(教材P54) 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
【分析】 be doing sth when ... 意为“正在做某事，这时突然……”。 类似此句式的其他常用句式： be about to do sth when ... 意为“正要做某事，这时(突然)……” be on the point of doing sth when ... 意为“正要做某事，这时(突然)……” had scarcely/just done sth when ... 意为“刚做完某事，这时(突然)……”
【语境感知】
①We were having meeting when Tom broke in.
我们正在开会，这时突然汤姆破门而入。
②I was about to go shopping when he called me to go back to the school.
我正打算去购物的时候，他突然打电话叫我回学校。
③I was on the point of opening the door when the phone rang.
我正要开门的时候，电话突然响了。
④He had just finished his job when the power was off.
他刚完成工作，突然断电了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I was about to go out when it began to rain.
②She had just finished her homework when her mother asked (ask) her to practice playing the piano.
③We were__picking (pick) apples in the garden when we caught sight of some farmers working in the fields.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④昨天我在看书时，突然有人敲门。
Yesterday__I__was__reading__a__book__when__someone__knocked__at__the__door.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(E)1.crash A．n.& vt. 破坏；毁坏
(C)2.emergency B．n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(D)3.context C．n. 突发事件；紧急情况
(B)4.effort D．n. 上下文；语境；背景
(A)5.ruin E．vt.& vi. 碰撞 n. 撞车
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)6.sweep away A.多达
(C)7.stand at B.实施；执行
(A)8.as many as C.达到
(D)9.be expected to D.预计
(B)10.carry out E.消灭；彻底消除
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
2．length n. 长；长度
3．wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
4．disaster n. 灾难；灾害
5．strike vi.& vt. 侵袭；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
6．damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
7．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
8．sweep vt.& vi. 打扫；清扫
9．summary n. 总结；概括；概要
10．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
Ⅲ.选词填空
crash, sweep, strike, deliver, wave, summary, length, effect
1．Waving my hand outside, I caught sight of my friend looking at me with tears in her eyes.
2．When I arrived he was sweeping the leaves from the driveway.
3．She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.
4．I've just made a summary of the main points.
5．These and other such measures ought to have been put into effect in 1985.
6．After last year's long strike,__few people want more industrial action.
7．Her brother borrowed her motorbike and tried to avoid crashing it.
8．He struck a match, and held it at arm's length．
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．I strongly recommended that effective (effect) measures should be taken to solve the problem.
2．The cleaner was sweeping up fallen leaves on the ground when suddenly a car was driven towards him.
3．Food delivery (deliver) service workers are pressured because of competing hard for business.
4．For those of you who may be unfamiliar with the play I'll give a brief summary (sum) of the plot.
5．You can adjust the length (long) of time that the light remains on.
6．Why the two trains crashed (crash) into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow.
7．It suddenly struck me that how we could improve the situation.
8．Bill waved his hand to/at us and then drove away.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the side__effects (副作用) of losing weight too quickly.
2．On Qingming Festival, people usually visit their ancestors' graves to__sweep__away__the__dirt (扫除尘土)．
3．The president will deliver__a__speech (发表演说) about schools.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．人们将永远不会忘记那些为国家做出杰出贡献的科学家。(定语从句)
People__will__never__forget__the__scientists__who/that__make/have__made__great__contributions__to__the__country.
2．我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。(be doing sth when ...)
I__was__driving__down__to__London__when__I__suddenly__found__that__I__was__on__the__wrong__road.
3．你的饮食习惯可能会影响你的体形。(have an effect on/upon ...)
Your__eating__habits__may__have__an__effect__on/upon__your__figure.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
难度 ★★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·安徽阜阳高一上月考)Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn't have a roof.
The 70－year－old retired teacher's home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven't been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7，000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock—with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They've also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island's 70，000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once－in－a－lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica's housing stock and 226% of the nation's GDP. Before the storm, the country's economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don't think anybody ever got over Maria，” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了飓风玛丽亚对加勒比海小国多米尼加造成了严重破坏，岛上的很多居民仍然无法重建家园。
1．What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in Paragraph 3 mean？( )
A．Rebuild. B．Leave.
C．Decorate. D．Buy.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段及第二段内容可知，Margarite August (玛格丽特·奥古斯特)的家被飓风摧毁了，但是她无法重建家园。由此可知，画线词意为“重建”。故选A。
2．What is the main cause of frequent extreme storms according to scientists？( )
A．Over－farming.
B．Loss of the land.
C．The disappearance of the forests.
D．Climate change.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Scientists put much ... storms like it.”可知，科学家认为气候变化是引起极端风暴频发的主要原因。故选D。
3．What is Dominica known for according to the text？( )
A．Its good economy.
B．Its architecture.
C．Its mountains and jungles.
D．Its sandy beaches.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches”可知，多米尼加以高山和丛林闻名。故选C。
4．Why are Dominicans nervous when it rains？( )
A．They have to stay bored at home.
B．Their houses are easy to take in water.
C．They don't know how to make umbrellas.
D．They are afraid of another disaster like Maria.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Christine John (克里斯汀·约翰)认为没有人能从飓风玛丽亚的阴影中走出来，如果外面开始下雨，人们就会焦虑。由此可推知，多米尼加人谈雨色变主要是因为人们害怕再发生像飓风玛丽亚那样的灾难。故选D。
B
(2024·江西高一上学期阶段练习)Fishing trips to Canada are a tradition for Jeffrey Hardy and his three friends from America. This summer in 2023, the forest air polluted with wildfire smoke forced the men to give up their mid June fishing plan. Canada's wildfire season put its tourism industry at a crucial time.
Except some days of poor air quality, major Canadian cities remain unaffected by wildfires. The fires are in the country's northern areas that have drawn travelers interested in outdoor experiences in years past.
In a recent report by Destination Canada, a marketing organization, half of the total spent by international visitors is in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. But other Canadian destinations attractive to visitors have been affected by the wildfires.
In preparation for increasing visitor sizes and ongoing wildfires, some businesses are thinking about changing their operations, which see outdoor recreation (娱乐) as a tourism opportunity. A nonprofit travel agency is considering creating a questionnaire (调查问卷) for customers to show when they would cancel a booking because of road closes from the wildfires, poor air quality and a lack of visibility.
Tourism in British Columbia contributes greatly to its economy. The province has various recreational offerings, from the major ski destinations to hiking along the coast. Blackcomb, a helicopter tour company, has canceled its sightseeing offerings, using most of its helicopters on the firefighting effort until at least early August. “It's the question of flying our customers around on sightseeing tours or putting out fires within 10 kilometers of our bases and the communities that we live in，” said Jordy Norris, the company's tourism director. “We made it clear to both our staff and our customers that we have a duty to protect the backyard.”
Darrin Rigo, a photographer, recently saw a photo of a beautiful waterfall engulfed in fire on a media page. “I'm sure that's not going to last long, and everything will turn to normal，” he said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的山林大火使旅游业受到很大的影响，但是人们依然对加拿大旅游业的发展充满信心。
5．Which part of Canada is most affected by the wildfire？( )
A．Canada's central part.
B．The northern areas.
C．Major Canadian cities.
D．Places with few visitors.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这次山火主要影响的是加拿大的北部地区。故选B。
6．What can be inferred about Jordy Norris？( )
A．He is sad about his company's loss from the fire.
B．He is confident about the use of the questionnaire.
C．He is glad to join in the fight against the wildfire.
D．He is stressed about the fire's effect on his company.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It's the question ... to protect the backyard.”可推知，Jordy Norris (乔迪·诺里斯)为自己的公司能够参加灭火行动感到高兴。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “engulfed” in Paragraph 6 mean？( )
A．Covered. B．Donated.
C．Rescued. D．Protected.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“a photo of a beautiful waterfall”以及下文“in fire on a media page”可知，照片里这个美丽的瀑布被野火笼罩着。由此可知，画线词意为“笼罩，覆盖”。故选A。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？( )
A．Tourism Suffers Great Loss in the Wildfire
B．All of Canada Have Acted to Beat Wildfire
C．Most of Canada Is Affected by the Wildfire
D．Wildfire Won't Stop Canada's Tourism Development
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一场山火对加拿大旅游业的影响，但人们对未来旅游业的发展仍持乐观态度。由此可知，D项(野火不会阻止加拿大旅游业的发展)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·四川省绵竹中学高一上月考)假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，这个周日你们学校将邀请地震专家王教授来校进行地震知识讲座，请你代表学生会用英语写一则通知，请同学们积极参加。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．讲座时间、地点和内容；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
Student Union
[精彩范文]
Notice
To help students learn something about earthquakes，our school will invite Professor Wang, an expert in earthquakes, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9 o'clock on Sunday morning. All the students are welcome to attend it.
Professor Wang will share with us some knowledge about earthquakes, such as the cause and damage of them. He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves and survive the earthquake. I strongly believe this lecture can benefit us a lot.
By the way, you should arrive before 8：50.
Student Union
单元写作
单元写作——新闻报道的概要写作
本单元的写作项目是写一篇“摘要”，属于概要写作范畴，写作时需注意以下几点：
1．理解文章主旨：首先，快速浏览全文，了解新闻报道的主要内容、时间和地点等。
2．确定关键信息：识别文章中的关键信息，如事件的参与者、起因、经过、结果以及重要细节。
3．组织信息：将关键信息按照逻辑顺序组织起来，形成一个清晰、连贯的概要。
4．编写概要：用最简洁明了的语言编写概要，避免冗余和无关紧要的细节。
新闻报道的特点是：真实、新鲜、及时、重要、趣味可读、时效性强。概述此类文章时，语言表达要准确、简明扼要，总结概述具体事实，不可带有感彩。
A ________ (事件) is going on in ________ (发生地点), which attracts people ________ (要点1). The ________ is a link between Chinese and Western culture (要点2). Besides, there are also ________ (要点3). The ________ runs from Friday to Sunday (要点4).
1．Last Sunday witnessed the meaningful activity ..., organized by ..., which had a great effect on us.
上周日，由……组织的……活动很有意义，对我们有很大的影响。
2．Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
上周六早上，一场强烈的地震突然发生了。
3．Recently, a survey has been done to find out ...
最近，一项已实施的调查发现……
4．The survey shows that half of the girls choose ..., while 48% of the boys ...
调查发现一半的女生选……，而48%的男生……
5．These old people have experienced all kinds of suffering in their difficult times.
这些老人在困难时期经历了种种苦难。
6．All the listeners were greatly shocked when they heard the terrible news on the radio.
当所有听众从广播中听到这个可怕的消息时，他们都感到非常震惊。
7．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.
大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。
8．Most impressively, they also donated lots of..., which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
最令人印象深刻的是，他们还捐赠了大量……，这些……将被收集并送到贫困地区的学校。
9．It was not until half past six in the evening that the activity came to an end.
直到晚上六点半，活动才结束。
10．Not only did it promote our friendship, but also enriched our school life.
这不仅增进了我们的友谊，而且丰富了我们的学校生活。
11．The participants benefitted a lot from it, expecting more activities like this in the future.
参与者们从中受益匪浅，期待今后能有更多这样的活动。
12．The activity provided a platform for all the students to appreciate ..., from which they benefitted a lot.
这次活动为所有学生提供了一个欣赏……的平台，他们从中受益匪浅。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
(2024·福建厦门高一上期末)For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China's economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures.
As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24－hour monitoring (监控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent.
Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public's awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all round way. Disaster－related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms.
Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害的影响、防灾减灾的重要性以及中国政府所采取的应对措施。
[精彩范文]
Over the past 20 years, natural disasters have caused huge losses to Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. The Chinese government has been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and reduction and improved the social disaster relief system.
17(共82张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
crash vt.& vi. ______________ n. _______________
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．_________ vt.& vi. 打扫；清扫
2．__________ vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
3．_________ vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
4．_________ n. 影响；结果；效果
碰撞；撞击
撞车；碰撞
sweep
strike
deliver
effect
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 总结；概括；概要→_______ v. 概括，总结；求……的和
2．_________ n. 长；长度→________ v. 延长；加长；使伸长→_____ adj. 长的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
wave 熟义：n. _______________
生义：vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
___________ 消灭；彻底消除
summary
sum
length
lengthen
long
海浪；波浪
sweep away
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
per _________________________________ _______, perfect, permit, perceive, pervade
uni _______________ ________, uniform, universe, unique, university
al 形容词后缀，表示“______________ ___________”；名词后缀，表示“__________________________” _______________, survival, arrival, emotional, criminal
ency 名词后缀，表示“_______________” _____________, agency, currency, efficiency, deficiency
六、构词法
穿过；彻底地；整个地；每一；每个
percent
一个，单个的
unify
关于……的；属于……的
动作，过程，状态
revival
能力，状态，性质
emergency
自主学习 课文语篇
The Daily News
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD
By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004
每日新闻
海啸袭击亚洲：6，500余人丧生
罗伯特·伍德豪斯 星期一 2004年12月27日
课文三维剖析
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that1 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people2 in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake3 that4 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1，870 people were killed.
1 引导__________从句，修饰____________
2 现在分词短语作___________
3 过去分词短语作________，修饰waves
4 引导_________从句，修饰__________________
定语
tsunami
结果状语
后置定语
定语
earthquake
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6，500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1，870人死亡。
In Sri Lanka, some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2，498, and5 one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when6 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and7 run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.
5 连接并列句the number of ... at 2，498和one million ... by the tsunami
6 be doing sth when ... 表示“________________________”
7 连接并列的谓语动词leave和run
正在做某事，这时(突然)……
政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1，600千米处，死亡人数高达2，498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1，900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1，900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”
Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher8 over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies9.
仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
8 形容词的比较级
9 make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth 表示“____________________”，it为____________，不定式短语to do sth为__________
使做某事变得……
形式宾语
真正的宾语
(一)文章分段大意
阅读领悟
(二)根据课文总结新闻稿的结构
who
when
why
details
effect
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
1.sweep v. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫；阔步走，大模大样地走 n. 打扫，清扫(教材P54)
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep aside 拒不理会；全然无视
sweep through 掠过(某地)；蔓延
make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除；全部撤换
【语境感知】
①Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
她冲进房间的时候，每个人都抬头看她。(动作描写)
②He was left to sweep up after the party.
宴会结束后，他被留下来做打扫工作。
③The fire swept through the house.
火势迅速在房子里蔓延开来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Get a broom and sweep _____ that glass, will you
②I want to make _____ clean sweep of everything I've learnt and start afresh.
【学会表达】完成句子
③春节前我们打扫房子，扫除霉运。(风俗习惯)
We clean the house and _________________________before the Spring Festival.
up
a
sweep away bad luck
2.strike v. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打；敲；报时；突然想到 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(教材P54)
be struck by/with ... 被……击中；(引申义)被……打动；迷恋……
It strikes sb that ... ＝It occurs to sb that ... 某人突然想到……
strike a match 划火柴
strike twelve (钟)敲12点
go on strike 举行罢工(表示动作)
be on strike 在罢工(表示状态)
【语境感知】
①Midnight had just struck when I went upstairs to bed.
我上楼睡觉时，时钟刚刚敲过午夜12点。
②Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there had to be something more to life.
她坐在书桌前，突然意识到生活一定还意味着更多的东西。
③It strikes me that you'd be better off working for someone else.
我觉得你换个老板处境会好些。
【学会运用】写出下列句中strike的词性及含义
①Even in the summertime we might be struck by blizzards. ________
②The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. ___________
③A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. ______________
④Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents. __________
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤我突然意识到我们可能做出了错误的决定。
______________________________________________________________
v. 侵袭
v.敲响
v.突然想到
n.罢工
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
3.deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表(教材P54)
delivery n. 递送；传送
deliver ... to ... 把……递送给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
express delivery 快递
a delivery man 快递员
【语境感知】
①I usually have fast food delivered to my office.
我通常叫人把快餐送到我的办公室。
②When it was my turn to deliver a speech, I was so nervous and embarrassed.
当轮到我演讲时，我感到非常紧张和尴尬。(心理描写)
③We offer a comprehensive range of express delivery options for a small additional charge.
我们提供全面的快递服务，只收取少量的额外费用。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Please take ___________ (deliver) of the goods at the station next Friday.
②The damaged roads made it difficult to deliver food and supplies ___ those in need.
【学会表达】完成句子
③当我收到贵校的演讲邀请时，我感到非常兴奋。
I felt very excited when I received the invitation_____________________________.
delivery
to
to deliver a speech in your school
4.effect n. 影响；结果；效果(教材P55)
effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上
have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响/效果
take effect/come into effect 生效
carry/bring/put ... into effect 实施
in effect 实际上；有效
side effect 副作用
【语境感知】
①Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance.
个人才能对团队表现有积极影响。
②The traffic laws don't take effect/come into effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。
③The person, viewed as a hero, in effect is a writer popular with young people.
这个被视为英雄的人，实际上是一个受年轻人欢迎的作家。
易混词 区别
affect 用作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
effect 用作名词，指“效果，作用”；用作动词，指“按照某人的愿望产生，引起”
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's an extremely _________ (effect) cure for a headache.
②The present system of payment will remain ____effect until the end of the rental agreement.
③When do the new driving laws come _______ effect
④Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect _________ our life as well as society.
effective
in
into
on/upon
【学会表达】一句多译
⑤汽车对人们的生活方式产生了极大的影响。
Automobiles___________________________________________________. (effect)
＝Automobiles_________________________________. (affect)
have a great effect on/upon the lifestyles of people
affect the lifestyles of people greatly
（二）拓展词)
5.length n. 长；长度→__________ v. 延长；加长；使伸长→_______ adj. 长的
lengthen
long
【语境感知】
We measured the length of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters long.
我们测量了客厅的长度，发现它有6.3米长。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①As the summer approached, days ____________ (length)．
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我们这里离任何一个地方都很远。
_____________________________________________________
③有些鱼可以长到四英尺长。
______________________________________________________
lengthened
We're a long way from anywhere here.
Some fish can grow to a length of four feet.
6.wave [熟义] n. 海浪；波浪
[生义] vi.& vt. _________________
（三）熟词生义
挥手；招手
【语境感知】
①The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed the coast.
就在巨浪冲击海岸之前，海滩上的人很快就被疏散了。
②With the math problem worked out, we waved goodbye to our teacher and left the classroom.
数学问题解决了，我们向老师挥手告别，离开了教室。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①All she could hear was the sound of the ________ (wave).
②I showed my pass to the security guard and he ________ (wave) me through.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③第三个浪头如此猛烈，把我击得往后退。
__________________________________________________________
④火车消失在远处时，妈妈还在挥手。
___________________________________________________________
waves
waved
The third wave was so strong that it knocked me backward.
Mom was still waving as the train disappeared in the distance.
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(教材P54)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
探究二 长难句分析
【分析】 be doing sth when ... 意为“正在做某事，这时突然……”。
类似此句式的其他常用句式：
be about to do sth when ... 意为“正要做某事，这时(突然)……”
be on the point of doing sth when ... 意为“正要做某事，这时(突然)……”
had scarcely/just done sth when ... 意为“刚做完某事，这时(突然)……”
【语境感知】
①We were having meeting when Tom broke in.
我们正在开会，这时突然汤姆破门而入。
②I was about to go shopping when he called me to go back to the school.
我正打算去购物的时候，他突然打电话叫我回学校。
③I was on the point of opening the door when the phone rang.
我正要开门的时候，电话突然响了。
④He had just finished his job when the power was off.
他刚完成工作，突然断电了。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I was about to go out ______it began to rain.
②She had just finished her homework when her mother ________(ask) her to practice playing the piano.
③We _______________(pick) apples in the garden when we caught sight of some farmers working in the fields.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④昨天我在看书时，突然有人敲门。
___________________________________________________________________
when
asked
were picking
Yesterday I was reading a book when someone knocked at the door.
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(____)1.crash A．n.& vt. 破坏；毁坏
(____)2.emergency B．n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(____)3.context C．n. 突发事件；紧急情况
(____)4.effort D．n. 上下文；语境；背景
(____)5.ruin E．vt.& vi. 碰撞 n. 撞车
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(_____)6.sweep away A.多达
(_____)7.stand at B.实施；执行
(_____)8.as many as C.达到
(_____)9.be expected to D.预计
(_____)10.carry out E.消灭；彻底消除
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．_________ n. 智慧；才智
2．_________ n. 长；长度
3．_________ n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
4．_________ n. 灾难；灾害
5．_________ vi.& vt. 侵袭；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
6．_________ vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
7．_________ vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
8．_________ vt.& vi. 打扫；清扫
9．_________ n. 总结；概括；概要
10．________ n. 影响；结果；效果
wisdom
length
wave
disaster
strike
damage
deliver
sweep
summary
effect
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．________ my hand outside, I caught sight of my friend looking at me with tears in her eyes.
2．When I arrived he ___________ the leaves from the driveway.
3．She is due to __________a lecture on genetic engineering.
4．I've just made a _________of the main points.
Waving
crash, sweep, strike, deliver, wave, summary, length, effect
was sweeping
deliver
summary
5．These and other such measures ought to have been put into ________in 1985.
6．After last year's long _______, few people want more industrial action.
7．Her brother borrowed her motorbike and tried to avoid ___________it.
8．He struck a match, and held it at arm’s ___________．
effect
strike
crashing
length
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．I strongly recommended that ____________(effect) measures should be taken to solve the problem.
2．The cleaner was sweeping up fallen leaves on the ground ________suddenly a car was driven towards him.
3．Food __________(deliver) service workers are pressured because of competing hard for business.
4．For those of you who may be unfamiliar with the play I'll give a brief ___________(sum) of the plot.
effective
when
delivery
summary
5．You can adjust the ___________(long) of time that the light remains on.
6．Why the two trains ___________(crash) into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow.
7．_____ suddenly struck me that how we could improve the situation.
8．Bill waved his hand ______us and then drove away.
length
crashed
It
to/at
1．They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the _______________(副作用) of losing weight too quickly.
2．On Qingming Festival, people usually visit their ancestors' graves _____________________(扫除尘土)．
3．The president will __________________(发表演说) about schools.
side effects
to sweep away the dirt
deliver a speech
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．人们将永远不会忘记那些为国家做出杰出贡献的科学家。(定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。(be doing sth when ...)
____________________________________________________________________
3．你的饮食习惯可能会影响你的体形。(have an effect on/upon ...)
_____________________________________________________________
People will never forget the scientists who/that make/have made great ontributions to the country.
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
Your eating habits may have an effect on/upon your figure
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
难度 ★★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·安徽阜阳高一上月考)Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn't have a roof.
The 70－year－old retired teacher's home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven't been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7，000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock—with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They've also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island's 70，000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once－in－a－lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica's housing stock and 226% of the nation's GDP. Before the storm, the country's economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don’t think anybody ever got over Maria，” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了飓风玛丽亚对加勒比海小国多米尼加造成了严重破坏，岛上的很多居民仍然无法重建家园。
篇章导读
1．What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in Paragraph 3 mean？( )
A．Rebuild. B．Leave.
C．Decorate. D．Buy.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段及第二段内容可知，Margarite August (玛格丽特·奥古斯特)的家被飓风摧毁了，但是她无法重建家园。由此可知，画线词意为“重建”。故选A。
答案
解析
2．What is the main cause of frequent extreme storms according to scientists？( )
A．Over－farming.
B．Loss of the land.
C．The disappearance of the forests.
D．Climate change.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Scientists put much ... storms like it.”可知，科学家认为气候变化是引起极端风暴频发的主要原因。故选D。
答案
解析
3．What is Dominica known for according to the text？( )
A．Its good economy.
B．Its architecture.
C．Its mountains and jungles.
D．Its sandy beaches.
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches”可知，多米尼加以高山和丛林闻名。故选C。
答案
解析
4．Why are Dominicans nervous when it rains？( )
A．They have to stay bored at home.
B．Their houses are easy to take in water.
C．They don't know how to make umbrellas.
D．They are afraid of another disaster like Maria.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Christine John (克里斯汀·约翰)认为没有人能从飓风玛丽亚的阴影中走出来，如果外面开始下雨，人们就会焦虑。由此可推知，多米尼加人谈雨色变主要是因为人们害怕再发生像飓风玛丽亚那样的灾难。故选D。
答案
解析
B
(2024·江西高一上学期阶段练习)Fishing trips to Canada are a tradition for Jeffrey Hardy and his three friends from America. This summer in 2023, the forest air polluted with wildfire smoke forced the men to give up their mid June fishing plan. Canada's wildfire season put its tourism industry at a crucial time.
Except some days of poor air quality, major Canadian cities remain unaffected by wildfires. The fires are in the country's northern areas that have drawn travelers interested in outdoor experiences in years past.
In a recent report by Destination Canada, a marketing organization, half of the total spent by international visitors is in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. But other Canadian destinations attractive to visitors have been affected by the wildfires.
In preparation for increasing visitor sizes and ongoing wildfires, some businesses are thinking about changing their operations, which see outdoor recreation (娱乐) as a tourism opportunity. A nonprofit travel agency is considering creating a questionnaire (调查问卷) for customers to show when they would cancel a booking because of road closes from the wildfires, poor air quality and a lack of visibility.
Tourism in British Columbia contributes greatly to its economy. The province has various recreational offerings, from the major ski destinations to hiking along the coast. Blackcomb, a helicopter tour company, has canceled its sightseeing offerings, using most of its helicopters on the firefighting effort until at least early August. “It’s the question of flying our customers around on sightseeing tours or putting out fires within 10 kilometers of our bases and the communities that we live in，” said Jordy Norris, the company’s tourism director. “We made it clear to both our staff and our customers that we have a duty to protect the backyard.”
Darrin Rigo, a photographer, recently saw a photo of a beautiful waterfall engulfed in fire on a media page. “I'm sure that's not going to last long, and everything will turn to normal，” he said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的山林大火使旅游业受到很大的影响，但是人们依然对加拿大旅游业的发展充满信心。
篇章导读
5．Which part of Canada is most affected by the wildfire？( )
A．Canada's central part.
B．The northern areas.
C．Major Canadian cities.
D．Places with few visitors.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这次山火主要影响的是加拿大的北部地区。故选B。
答案
解析
6．What can be inferred about Jordy Norris？( )
A．He is sad about his company's loss from the fire.
B．He is confident about the use of the questionnaire.
C．He is glad to join in the fight against the wildfire.
D．He is stressed about the fire's effect on his company.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It's the question ... to protect the backyard.”可推知，Jordy Norris (乔迪·诺里斯)为自己的公司能够参加灭火行动感到高兴。故选C。
答案
解析
7．What does the underlined word “engulfed” in Paragraph 6 mean？( )
A．Covered. B．Donated.
C．Rescued. D．Protected.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“a photo of a beautiful waterfall”以及下文“in fire on a media page”可知，照片里这个美丽的瀑布被野火笼罩着。由此可知，画线词意为“笼罩，覆盖”。故选A。
答案
解析
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？( )
A．Tourism Suffers Great Loss in the Wildfire
B．All of Canada Have Acted to Beat Wildfire
C．Most of Canada Is Affected by the Wildfire
D．Wildfire Won't Stop Canada's Tourism Development
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一场山火对加拿大旅游业的影响，但人们对未来旅游业的发展仍持乐观态度。由此可知，D项(野火不会阻止加拿大旅游业的发展)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 应用文写作
(2024·四川省绵竹中学高一上月考)假设你是国际学校的学生会主席李华，这个周日你们学校将邀请地震专家王教授来校进行地震知识讲座，请你代表学生会用英语写一则通知，请同学们积极参加。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．讲座时间、地点和内容；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Notice
To help students learn something about earthquakes，our school will invite Professor Wang, an expert in earthquakes, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9 o'clock on Sunday morning. All the students are welcome to attend it.
Professor Wang will share with us some knowledge about earthquakes, such as the cause and damage of them. He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves and survive the earthquake. I strongly believe this lecture can benefit us a lot.
By the way, you should arrive before 8：50.
Student Union
答案
单元写作——新闻报道的概要写作
本单元的写作项目是写一篇“摘要”，属于概要写作范畴，写作时需注意以下几点：
1．理解文章主旨：首先，快速浏览全文，了解新闻报道的主要内容、时间和地点等。
精深阅读
2．确定关键信息：识别文章中的关键信息，如事件的参与者、起因、经过、结果以及重要细节。
3．组织信息：将关键信息按照逻辑顺序组织起来，形成一个清晰、连贯的
概要。
4．编写概要：用最简洁明了的语言编写概要，避免冗余和无关紧要的细节。
新闻报道的特点是：真实、新鲜、及时、重要、趣味可读、时效性强。概述此类文章时，语言表达要准确、简明扼要，总结概述具体事实，不可带有感彩。
A ________ (事件) is going on in ________ (发生地点), which attracts people ________ (要点1). The ________ is a link between Chinese and Western culture (要点2). Besides, there are also ________ (要点3). The ________ runs from Friday to Sunday (要点4).
1．Last Sunday witnessed the meaningful activity ..., organized by ..., which had a great effect on us.
上周日，由……组织的……活动很有意义，对我们有很大的影响。
2．Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
上周六早上，一场强烈的地震突然发生了。
3．Recently, a survey has been done to find out ...
最近，一项已实施的调查发现……
4．The survey shows that half of the girls choose ..., while 48% of the boys ...
调查发现一半的女生选……，而48%的男生……
5．These old people have experienced all kinds of suffering in their difficult times.
这些老人在困难时期经历了种种苦难。
6．All the listeners were greatly shocked when they heard the terrible news on the radio.
当所有听众从广播中听到这个可怕的消息时，他们都感到非常震惊。
7．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.
大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。
8．Most impressively, they also donated lots of ..., which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
最令人印象深刻的是，他们还捐赠了大量……，这些……将被收集并送到贫困地区的学校。
9．It was not until half past six in the evening that the activity came to an end.
直到晚上六点半，活动才结束。
10．Not only did it promote our friendship, but also enriched our school life.
这不仅增进了我们的友谊，而且丰富了我们的学校生活。
11．The participants benefitted a lot from it, expecting more activities like this in the future.
参与者们从中受益匪浅，期待今后能有更多这样的活动。
12．The activity provided a platform for all the students to appreciate ..., from which they benefitted a lot.
这次活动为所有学生提供了一个欣赏……的平台，他们从中受益匪浅。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
(2024·福建厦门高一上期末)For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China's economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures.
As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24－hour monitoring (监控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent.
Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public's awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all round way. Disaster－related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms.
Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery.
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害的影响、防灾减灾的重要性以及中国政府所采取的应对措施。
篇章导读
[精彩范文]
Over the past 20 years, natural disasters have caused huge losses to Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. The Chinese government has been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and reduction and improved the social disaster relief system.
