英语 必修 第一册 RJ
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt. (使)破裂
2．gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油
3．brick n. 砖；砖块
4．metal n. 金属
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
2．percent n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中
3．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊
4．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
5．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
6．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
7．unify vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
8．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
9．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．electricity n. 电；电能→electric adj. 电的；用电的；令人激动的 n. 电路系统；电气交通工具→electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的
2．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 无法呼吸的；喘不过来气的
3．revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
4．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．as__if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in__ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in__shock 震惊；吃惊
课文三维剖析
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
地球的不眠之夜
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that1 appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it2. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and3 dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide4, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and5 loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night. 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if6 the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that7 even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and8 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who9 lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who10 were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 Everywhere11 survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or12 were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long13 the disaster would last. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes14, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who15 were trapped and16 to bury the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose17 homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and18 the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that19 in times of disaster, people must unify and20 show the wisdom to stay positive and21 rebuild for a brighter future. 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。 1 引导定语从句，修饰cracks 2 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas 3 连接并列句Chickens ... to eat和dogs ... buildings 4 现在分词短语作伴随状语 5 连接并列句bright lights ... Tangshan和loud noises were heard 6 It seemed as if ... 表示“看起来似乎……” 7 引导定语从句，修饰a__quake 8 连接并列成分eight kilometres long和30 metres wide 9 引导定语从句，修饰people 10 引导定语从句，修饰people 11 引导地点状语从句 12 连接并列谓语动词had__fallen和were 13 引导宾语从句 14 时间状语 15 引导定语从句，修饰those 16 连接并列的不定式短语to dig out ... 和to bury the dead，不定式短语作目的状语 17 引导定语从句，修饰survivors 18 连接strong support from the government和the tireless efforts of the city's people 19 引导宾语从句 20 连接并列谓语动词_unify和show 21 连接并列成分stay positive和rebuild for a brighter future
阅读领悟
(一)课文连连看
(二)回答问题
What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” mean
That__means__the__people__in__Tangshan__didn't__sleep__because__of__the__happening__of__the__earthquake.
探究一 热词
1.ruin n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟；残垣断壁 vt. 破坏；毁坏；使成为废墟；使破败(教材P50)
(be/lie) in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 fall/come into ruin 成为废墟；毁灭 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 under the ruins 在废墟下 ruin one's hope/future/life 毁掉某人的希望/前程/生活 ruin oneself 自我毁灭
【语境感知】
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing.
这座古庙已成废墟，需要修复。(文化遗产)
②After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings fell down and a large number of people were buried under the ruins.
地震发生后，几乎所有的建筑物都倒塌了，许多人被埋在废墟下。(报道)
③A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event that/which usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
灾难是一种非常严重的事故或突发事件，通常会造成巨大的破坏，并可能毁掉许多人的生活。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①During the earthquake a large city lay in ruins in less than one minute.
②Our journey was__ruined (ruin) by the bad weather yesterday.
③Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin), the city took on a new look.
【学会表达】完成句子
④那些避难所被洪水全部冲毁，整个城市都成了一片废墟。
The shelters were all washed away by the flood and the__whole__city__was__in__ruins.
2.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊(教材P50)
shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 in shock 震惊；吃惊；休克 electric/culture shock 电击/文化冲击 come as a shock 让人震惊 be shocked at/by ... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到吃惊
【语境感知】
①The violence in her tone gave me a shock.
她粗暴的语气让我大吃一惊。
②When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock.
当罗斯意识到礼物是什么时，她完全震惊了。(心理描写)
③Looking through the newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
翻阅报纸时，我被展示飓风破坏情况的照片震惊到了。(自然灾害)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They were deeply shocked (shock) at her behavior.
②What pleases me most is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking (shock).
③Many people were shocked at/by the film when it first came out.
④I was shocked to__hear (hear) that he had resigned.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤这两个学生对这个和自然有关的讲座很震惊。
The__two__students__were__shocked__at/by__the__lecture__about__nature.
3.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；埋藏；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入；掩盖；把……插入(教材P50)
bury one's pain/feelings 埋藏某人的痛苦/隐藏某人的感情 bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里 bury one's face in hands 某人双手掩面 bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
【语境感知】
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his black overcoat.
他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色外套的口袋里。(人物描写)
②The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always burying himself in his study.
那位科学家对此事一无所知，因为他一直专心于他的研究工作。(人物描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Once he buried himself (he) in something, he would close his ears to anything.
②In some places, food can be__buried (bury) in sand.
③She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.
【学会表达】完成句子
④一旦你沉浸在唐诗中，你就会被神奇的汉语所吸引。(诗歌文学)
Once__you__bury__yourself__in__Tang__poems,__you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
4.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)
effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的 in an effort to do sth 为了做某事 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 with/without effort 费力/毫不费力地 spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力做某事 be worth the effort 值得努力 put one's effort into (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 take effort to do sth 花费精力做某事
【语境感知】
①If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.
如果我们都努力保持整洁，那么办公室的面貌肯定会大有改观。
②It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are so good that it's worth the effort.
做这道菜很费时间，但结果大家都很爱吃，工夫真没白费。
③It takes great effort to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语要付出极大的努力。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The governments have been sparing no effort to__take (take) various effective methods.
②He's jogging around the park every morning in an effort to get fit.
③I don't get lonely now because I make an effort to__see (see) people.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你应该更加努力地工作。
You__should__put__more__effort__into__your__work.
5.suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材P51)
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferer n. 受害者，患者 suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病 suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat 遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败
【语境感知】
①Many of his novels have described the sufferings of his race.
他在很多小说中描述了他的种族所遭受的种种苦难。
②Reading fictions helps those who do not suffer from loneliness to understand lonely people.
阅读小说可以帮助那些不孤独的人理解孤独的人。
③The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。
(1)suffer 用作及物动词时，指“遭受、经历(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，无被动语态。 (2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与from连用，意为“受……之苦，患……病”。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings (suffer) during the war.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③在那个漫长的冬季，人们吃了很多苦头。
People__suffered__many__hardships__during__that__long__winter.
6.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸；将……注入→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 无法呼吸的；喘不过来气的
【语境感知】
Tired and out of breath, my friend and I arrived on time to see the film and both of us breathed a sigh of relief.
累得上气不接下气，我和我的朋友准时赶到看电影，我们都松了一口气。
7.wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地
【语境感知】
We should use our time and energy wisely then we can be a man full of wisdom.
我们应该明智地利用我们的时间和精力，然后我们才可以成为一个充满智慧的人。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was breathless (breath) after climbing ten floors.
②I question the wisdom (wise) of giving a child so much money.
【学会表达】完成句子
③孩子们通过举办各种活动给我们的社区注入了活力。
The children breathed__life__into__our__community by holding various activities.
④在你做这一决定之前，列出你的优缺点是明智的。
It__is__wise__to__make__a__list of your strengths and weaknesses before you make this decision.
探究二 短语
8.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛(教材P50)
as if/though的用法： 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时，用陈述语气。 从句表示的情况与事实相反时，用虚拟语气。 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be多用were)； 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”； 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 从句的主语和主句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，as if后剩不定式、名词、分词或形容词(短语)、介词短语。
【语境感知】
①Mrs Crump looked as if she was going to explode.
克伦普太太看起来好像要爆发了。
②They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.
他们完全无视这些事实，就好像它们从未存在过。
③From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
杰森不时地转过身来，好像在找人。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She spoke to me as though she had known (know) me.
②He acted as if he hadn't__heard (not hear) any of it.
③He opened his lips as if to__answer (answer) this question.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他表现得若无其事。
He__behaved__as__if/though__nothing__had__happened.
探究三 长难句分析
9.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it．(教材P50) 至少有一口水井冒出臭气。
【分析】 coming out of it是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。 动词－ing形式作定语： 与修饰词构成逻辑上的主动关系 表示正在进行的动作 单个动词－ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前，动词－ing短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
【语境感知】
①I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告有了令人鼓舞的回应。
②They built a highway leading into the mountains.
他们建造了一条通向山里的高速公路。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It is also being used to help patients suffering (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②We see it as a chance to try to break the growing (grow) disconnect between people and nature.
【学会表达】完成句子
③我应该借这个机会对坐在后排的人说声抱歉。
I should take the chance to say sorry to those sitting__in__the__back__rows．
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(E)1.percent A．n. 金属
(C)2.crack B．n. 上下文；语境；背景
(D)3.electricity C．vi.& vt. (使)破裂
(A)4.metal D．n. 电；电能
(B)5.context E．n. 百分之……
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(C)6.as if A.震惊；吃惊
(E)7.in ruins B.遭受……之苦
(A)8.in shock C.似乎；好像；仿佛
(D)9.come to an end D.结束
(B)10.suffer from E.严重受损
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
2．effort n. 努力；尽力
3．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
4．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
5．suffer vt. 遭受 vi. 受苦
6．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 vt. (使)震惊
7．trap vt. 使落入险境 n. 险境；陷阱
8．revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
9．breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
10．unify vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
Ⅲ.选词填空
trap, ruin, effort, context, bury, unify, crack, revive
1．Skilled readers make use of context and prediction.
2．They became trapped by the rising floodwater.
3．What matters to set a national dialect is to unify the pronunciation of those characters.
4．Cracks have appeared in the dry ground.
5．A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.
6．It is worth the effort to establish a morning running routine.
7．I found the article buried in the business section of the newspaper.
8．A hot shower and a cup of tea will revive you.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom (wise)．
2．The athletes make efforts (effort) for the Olympics.
3．I began to suffer from headaches, which left me feeling completely drained.
4．Recently, there has been some revival (revive) of ancient music.
5．His mother was shocked to__hear (hear) the news.
6．We moved into a house with electricity (electric) but no running water.
7．Do you wake up every morning feeling (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
8．The writer buried himself in his writing and forgot his serious illness.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．I'm still in__shock (震惊) after hearing that bad news.
2．I felt as__if/though (似乎，好像) my heart had stopped.
3．The railway stations are in__ruins (破败不堪), the track overgrown with weeds and grass.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我有个朋友愿意帮忙。(定语从句)
I__have__a__friend__who__is__interested__in__helping__out.
2．在不到18个月的时间里，有20多万人阅读了我的博客。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
In__less__than__18__months,__there__were__over__200，000__people__reading__my__blog.
3．或许每个人都在生活中的某个时刻承受压力。(suffer from)
Maybe__everyone__suffers__from__stress__at__some__time__in__their__life.
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·云南德宏高一上期末)On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, it __1__ thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to __2__ the disaster without any loss of life. A 10－year－old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape __3__ with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, __4__ the warm sea air and enjoying the soft __5__ that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something __6__. “The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't __7__ and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the __8__ of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson.
Sabrina was __9__， but she soon kept her head. She __10__ her parents of the danger though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible __11__ was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety __12__. To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly __14__ of people, just before the huge waves __15__ into the coast.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩Sabrina Andron (塞布丽娜·安德伦)用自己的海啸知识帮助约100人逃离危险的故事。
1．( )A.left B．brought
C．affected D．led
答案：A
解析：根据下文“thousands dead”可知，地震带来的海啸造成了数千人死亡。故选A。
2．( )A.recognize B．survive
C．challenge D．quit
答案：B
解析：根据下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore Beach是在这场灾难中唯一幸存下来的海滩。故选B。
3．( )A.stress B．reality
C．danger D．failure
答案：C
解析：根据上文“a series of huge waves ... ocean near Goldshore”可知，海啸来袭，她用自己的知识帮助人们逃离危险。故选C。
4．( )A.making up B．taking in
C．focusing on D．checking out
答案：B
解析：根据下文“the warm sea air”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。故选B。
5．( )A.wave B．sunshine
C．whistle D．wind
答案：D
解析：根据下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙滩上轻柔的风吹拂着头发。故选D。
6．( )A.unique B．powerful
C．strange D．attractive
答案：C
解析：根据下文“The water was ... in and in and in.”可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选C。
7．( )A.narrow B．adventurous
C．distant D．calm
答案：D
解析：根据下文“and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知，海水并不平静。故选D。
8．( )A.signs B．damages
C．effects D．results
答案：A
解析：根据下文“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson”可知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选A。
9．( )A.embarrassed B．confused
C．annoyed D．frightened
答案：D
解析：根据下文“but she soon kept her head”并结合常识可知，Sabrina见到海啸很害怕，但是又很快保持冷静。故选D。
10．( )A.warned B．cheated
C．helped D．debated
答案：A
解析：根据下文“of the danger”可知，她警告父母有危险。故选A。
11．( )A.disease B．disaster
C．accident D．drought
答案：B
解析：根据上文“an upcoming tsunami”可知，一场可怕的灾难即将来临。故选B。
12．( )A.officer B．designer
C．partner D．inventor
答案：A
解析：根据下文“the officer”可知，她要求父母和安全官员谈话。故选A。
13．( )A.actually B．anxiously
C．immediately D．curiously
答案：C
解析：根据上文“To her great relief”和下文“realized the coming danger”可知，安全官员立刻意识到即将来临的海啸的危险。故选C。
14．( )A.informed B．robbed
C．reminded D．cleared
答案：D
解析：根据上文“To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger.”可知，安全官员意识到危险，尽快清空了海滩上的人们。故选D。
15．( )A.slid B．crashed
C．divided D．tapped
答案：B
解析：根据上文“the huge waves”可知，海啸引发的巨浪会撞击海岸。故选B。
Ⅱ 阅读
(2024·广东深圳高一上学期期末)Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to the idea that they have a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a ‘sixth sense’. They know when things are happening，” H．D.Ratnayake, director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence (证据) about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved，” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting，” he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.
“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators(掠食动物). The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lanka's damaged coast is likely to add to.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物似乎有“第六感”，可以提前感知自然灾害。
1．What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami？( )
A．Many people died but wild animals survived.
B．The “six sense” of wild animals developed.
C．Wild beasts were killed or went missing.
D．The coast was found in good condition.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，印度洋海啸之后许多人死了，但野生动物却活了下来。故选A。
2．What does H．D.Ratnayake do？( )
A．He is a zookeeper.
B．He is a wildlife official.
C．He is a movie director.
D．He is an animal behaviour expert.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“H.D. Ratnayake ... on Wednesday”可知，H.D.Ratnayake (H.D.拉特纳亚克)是野生动物官员。故选B。
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting” in Paragraph 5？( )
A．Taking up. B．Putting up.
C．Picking up. D．Bringing up.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds.”可知，野生动物似乎能够捕捉到某些迹象，尤其是鸟类。因此有很多关于鸟类发现即将到来的灾难的报道。画线词意思是“发现，识别”。故选C。
4．What is the text mainly about？( )
A．Animals can save themselves from human activity.
B．Animals' natural power to escape from danger.
C．How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D．The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了印度洋海啸之后许多人死了，一些野生动物却活了下来，说明一些动物有规避危险的自然力量。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·福建福州高一上期末)Natural disasters are one of the major __1__ (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the __2__ (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records __3__ seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves __4__ (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (贫困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often __5__ greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places __6__ are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have __7__ (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer __8__ (extreme) after disasters strike and may be pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韧性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary－General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together __9__ (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should __10__ (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年的灾害情况以及未来的应对措施。
1．答案：problems
解析：考查名词。problem为可数名词，此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构，表示“……之一”。故填problems。
2．答案：survival
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作动词threatening的宾语，应用名词，且survival不可数。故填survival。
3．答案：and
解析：考查连词。broken与seen为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
4．答案：swept
解析：考查动词的时态。此处描述2023年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填swept。
5．答案：at
解析：考查介词。句意：最贫困地区的人们往往面临极端天气的最大风险。at risk 意为“处于危险中”，是固定搭配。故填at。
6．答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为places，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
7．答案：fewer
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知，此处指更少的资源，应用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。
8．答案：extremely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词suffer，应用副词extremely作状语。故填extremely。
9．答案：to break
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。
10．答案：be covered
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。此处指地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。person与cover之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且should后跟动词原形。故填be covered。
精深阅读
(2024·云南大理高一上期末)Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strangely. They stamp their feet and want to move towards the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop (扑腾) on the seabed. Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten－storey building. Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly. Lots of seawater is displaced and this movement causes huge waves.
If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. Sometimes, volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs may also cause one of these huge waves.
Tsunamis are extremely powerful. Ordinary waves lose power when they break. Tsunami waves can remain powerful for several days. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage buildings, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of telling people in advance when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful enough earthquake happens, scientists can send out a warning or a watch. A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are suitable for a tsunami. When people receive a watch or a warning, they have more time to prepare. It's best to get prepared before a tsunami is on the way!
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海啸的形成原因、特点以及对人类和生态系统的影响。
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．The power of the tsunami.
B．The signs of the tsunami.
C．The causes of the tsunami.
D．The damages from the tsunami.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Elephants on the coast ... on the seabed.”可知，第一段主要讲述了海啸发生的征兆。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in the second paragraph mean
A．Moved. B．Trapped.
C．Destroyed. D．Stopped.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“this movement causes huge waves (这种运动会引起巨大的海浪)”可知，画线词意为“移动”。故选A。
3．According to the text, what will cause a tsunami for sure
A．The floods, storms, and typhoons.
B．The earthquake that happens on the land.
C．The volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs.
D．The force that causes ocean water to get displaced.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If a tsunami happens ... water to become moved.”可知，导致海水移动的某种力量能使海啸发生。故选D。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A warning is more serious than a watch.
B．A watch is more serious than a warning.
C．A watch is sent out before a big earthquake.
D．There are many ways to tell a tsunami in advance.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A warning means ... suitable for a tsunami.”可推知，警告和观察信号相比起来，一旦警告发出，那么海啸发生的可能性更大。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．stamp n. 邮票；印记；跺脚(声) v. 跺(脚)；迈着重步走
2．ordinary adj. 普通的
3．normal adj. 正常的，标准的；(人)普通的
n. 常态，通常标准
4．remain v. 仍然是；保持不变 n. 剩余(物)，遗迹；残骸
5．likely adj. 可能的；似乎合适的 adv. 可能地
(二)高频短语
6．move__towards 向……移动
7．draw back 退回；回避，退缩
8．in__advance 预先，提前
9．get prepared 准备好
10．on the way 在路上
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．China is wealthier and more__powerful (powerful) than ever before.
12．The house looked strangely (strange) familiar, though she knew she'd never been there before.
13．I gave him a warning (warn), which he turned a deaf ear to.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．He stamped his foot in frustrated rage. 跺
15．He remained in a critical condition after suffering heart failure.状况
16．The soldiers were rescuing injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain. 袭击
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You'd better make a reservation ahead of time.in__advance
18．This is not a fit place for you to live. suitable
19．The following customs were anything but not special.ordinary
(六)长难句分析
20．If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved.
句意：如果海啸发生，一定有某种力量使海水移动。
分析：主干是there__must__be__some__kind__of__force；If 引导条件状语从句；that 引导定语从句，修饰force。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．I have committed myself, and there is no way to__draw__back (退缩)．
22．This course seems difficult and is__not__suitable__for__freshmen_ (不适合新生).
(八)仿写句子
23．A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten storey building. (as ... as ...)
仿写：这道菜尝起来和看起来一样好吗？
Does__the__dish__taste__as__good__as__it__looks
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·安徽省皖北六校高一上期末)It happens in every disaster: For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land，” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone's plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don't happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most，” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn't be used. Often it's old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn't think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they're helping, and they're trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that，” Hara says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章结合Juanita Rilling (胡安妮塔·里林)的经历讲述了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。
1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988？( )
A．Workers on the plane.
B．A weather report.
C．Useless donations on the ground.
D．The call from the operator.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the ground was full ... in a disaster.”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，进而导致所需供应被推迟。故选C。
2．What did Rilling's group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit？( )
A．Clothing. B．Money.
C．Medicine. D．Food.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation.”可知，当超级风暴“桑迪”来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B。
3．What is Meghan Hara's attitude towards donating concrete things？( )
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncaring. D．Worried.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And she doesn't think ... be completely stopped. (她认为实物捐赠不应该完全停止。)”可推知，Meghan Hara (梅根·哈如)对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A。
4．What might the author continue talking about？( )
A．Studies on natural disasters.
B．The benefits of helping others.
C．Tips on choosing useful donations.
D．The ways of managing people's donations.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题)”可推知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D。
B
(2024·浙江金华高一上期末)I finally climbed into bed at 1：20 in the morning. My friends had helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in the basement apartment where I lived.
Earlier in the day I had prepared for the unlikely event of a flood. We are about a third of a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and the government had sent out a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I'd placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door and put electronics on tables. “Silly bro！” My friends laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why__take__a__chance
As I drifted off to sleep, I was awakened by the sound of rushing water, as if I were lying beside a waterfall. When I got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I grabbed my cellphone and turned on the flashlight. When I stepped out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the gaps of the door.
I began to panic. I knew I had to get out fast! In bare feet, I started to make my way to the only escape: the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There in the corner was a coat rack (架子). I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing the coat rack between the door and the frame (门框) to keep the door from shutting. Finally, I managed to make a gap just wide enough to squeeze (挤) through and make it into the hallway.
I leaped on to the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. What was once a lovely street was now a waterscape, with floating ruins instead of people and cars. The river had drowned (淹没) the neighborhood!
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者遭遇洪水时的脱险经历。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply？( )
A．Better safe than sorry.
B．It never rains but it pours.
C．A lost chance never returns.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案：A
解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Still, I'd placed ... but I thought, why__take__a__chance？”可知，作者做好了迎接洪水的准备，还被朋友嘲笑，但作者认为，这样做更安全，防患于未然总是好的，因此画线句意为“有备无患”。故选A。
6．What was the author doing when water flooded in？( )
A．Celebrating his birthday.
B．Sleeping in the basement.
C．Placing sandbags by the door.
D．Playing with electronic devices.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I drifted ... beside a waterfall.”和第四段中的“In bare feet ... the main floor.”可知，当洪水涌入的时候，作者正在地下室睡觉。故选B。
7．Which of the following might be the most difficult for the author during the escape？( )
A．Making his way to the door.
B．Finding a coat rack.
C．Keeping the door from shutting.
D．Squeezing through the gap.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，在逃生过程中，对于作者来说最困难的是保持门不要关上。故选C。
8．How did the author feel when standing on the street？( )
A．Sad and shocked.
B．Annoyed and anxious.
C．Surprised and disappointed.
D．Puzzled and awkward.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What was once ... the neighborhood！”可知，作者站在曾经令人愉快的大街上，洪水淹没了一切，因此可推知，作者此时的心情是悲伤和震惊的。故选A。
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江西信丰中学高一上月考)When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. On one shift, I sensed something just before going off duty at 11 am. I put down the tray (托盘) on the table and suddenly it fell off the table. At first I thought I had accidentally knocked it over, but then I felt the whole building shaking and heard patients were screaming.
I realized that an earthquake was happening. I quickly caught hold of a nearby patient, who was terribly frightened and pushed her under a bed. And then, I got under another bed myself. As soon as the earthquake stopped, I decided to try and get the patient safely outside. I carried her out and helped her down to the grassland, where several other people had gathered.
Afraid that my other workmates were in danger, I went back inside the building again. When I met Lucy, our ward sister (护士长), I found her patient couldn't walk. We made a seat for the patient by linking our hands and arms, and carried her outside together. We went back through the building to check no one was left behind in our ward.
Just then, we saw that a man doctor was calling for volunteers to go down to other wards with him to help more people. So we went together. The doctor went ahead of us and found one of the nurses partially covered with rubble, luckily still alive. Suddenly, the aftershock struck and the doctor ordered us to leave. The brave doctor intended to stay alone and risk his own life to save the nurse.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。地震发生时，医院的一名护士倒在碎石中，半边身体被碎石覆盖。突然，余震袭来，医生命令作者和其他的护士先离开，作者是怎么做的？看着地震后被摧毁的建筑物，作者有什么感触？
[精彩范文]
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. The doctor encouraged the trapped nurse to stay calm, and in the meanwhile，we focused our efforts on removing the bricks and the rubble that trapped her body. However, sometimes we were faced with falling rubble from time to time, despite which we continued. Gradually and slowly, we lifted the nurse out of the rubble. The doctor put the nurse on his back and walked out of the building with the help of us. Finally, all, including patients, nurses and doctors, were in the safe place.
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. My beautiful workplace lay beyond recognition, even some in ruins. At the sight of this, I felt a weight in my chest. Suddenly, the gentle wind danced around me, which made me think of all the people surviving the earthquake with our help. It was our teamwork that made a difference. I held the firm belief that some day in the future my workplace would come back to life and take on a new look, where we would continue working together to save more patients.
精深阅读
(2024·甘肃庆阳高一上学期期末)Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱)．
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
1．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Floodwaters can pick up ... the river from flowing.”可知，洪水会从岸上带走泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，阻止河流流动。由此可推知，clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。故选A。
2．How do floods help ecosystems
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Floodwaters carry nutrients ... helps plants grow.”可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选C。
3．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people's hating floods.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However, not everything about ... new life to ecosystems.”可知，第三段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B。
4．What's the best title of this article
A．The Good Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—a Part of Nature
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章前两段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。C项(洪水是大自然的一部分)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．ecosystem n. 生态系统
2．drown v. (使)淹死；沉浸于；淹没于
3．nutrient n. 养分，营养物
4．moreover adv. 此外；而且
5．refill v. 再装满；再充满 n. 重新装满；补充剂
(二)高频短语
6．rely__on 依靠
7．every once in a while 有时，偶尔
8．bring__new__life__to 使……焕然一新；给……注入新的活力或生命力
9．due__to 由于，因为
10．for instance 例如
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．Happiness is the ability (able) to make the most of what you have.
12．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaners.
13．Students prefer to rely on/upon peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer. 枯竭
15．I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. 取；拿
16．We need joint efforts to protect the range of marine habitats. 海洋的
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．We are keen that our school should get involved too.as__well
18．For example, jogging is quite a popular form of exercise. For__instance
19．A course will start for the students who wish to develop their English. improve
(六)长难句分析
20．The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.
句意：这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能够改善泥土并帮助植物生长，所以它是很好的。
分析：主干是The__particles__are__called__sediment(沉淀物)；which引导定语从句，修饰sediment；to improve ... 为动词不定式短语作后置定语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Opportunities don't come often. They come every__once__in__a__while (偶尔，有时)．
22．When two cars run__into__each__other (彼此相撞), it is the passively crashed car that suffers more damage.
(八)仿写句子
23．Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. (not only ... but also ...)
仿写：这些树不仅能改变北京的面貌，而且能保护它免受沙漠的侵害。
These__trees_can_not__only__change__the__look__of__Beijing__but__also__defend__it__from__the__desert.
28(共137张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．crack n. ______________
vi.& vt. ____________
2．gas n. ____________________
3．brick n. ____________
4．metal n. _________
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．______ n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
2．________ n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中
裂纹；裂缝
(使)破裂
气体；燃气；汽油
砖；砖块
金属
ruin
percent
3．________ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊
4．_______ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
5．_______ vt. 埋葬；安葬
6．________ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
7．________ vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
8．________ n. 上下文；语境；背景
9．________ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
shock
trap
bury
effort
unify
context
suffer
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．_________ n. 电；电能→________ adj. 电的；用电的；令人激动的 n. 电路系统；电气交通工具→________ adj. 电的；与电有关的
2．________ vi. & vt. 呼吸→________ n. 呼吸→_________ adj. 无法呼吸的；喘不过来气的
3．________ vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→________ n. 振兴；复苏
4．_________ n. 智慧；才智→______ adj. 明智的→________ adv. 明智地
electricity
electric
electrical
breathe
breath
breathless
revive
revival
wisdom
wise
wisely
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．_______ 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．___________ 严重受损；破败不堪
3．____________ 震惊；吃惊
as if
in ruins
in shock
自主学习 课文语篇
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
地球的不眠之夜
课文三维剖析
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that1 appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it2. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and3 dogs refused to go inside
1 引导_____从句，修饰_____
2 现在分词短语作________，修饰gas
3 连接并列句Chickens ... to eat和dogs ... buildings
定语
cracks
后置定语
buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide4, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and5 loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
4 现在分词短语作__________
5 连接并列句bright lights ... Tangshan和loud noises were heard
伴随状语
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if6 the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that7 even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and8 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large
6 It seemed as if ... 表示“______
___________”
7 引导_____从句，修饰______
8 连接并列成分eight kilometres long和30 metres wide
看起来
似乎……
定语
a quake
city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who9 lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who10 were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
9 引导_____从句，修饰______
10 引导____从句，修饰______
定语
people
定语
people
凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
Everywhere11 survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or12 were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
11 引导___________从句
12 连接并列谓语动词_______和_______
地点状语
had fallen
were
metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long13 the disaster would last.
13 引导______从句
宾语
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes14, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who15 were trapped and16 to bury the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose17 homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
14 时间状语
15 引导____从句，修饰_____
16 连接并列的不定式短语to dig out ... 和to bury the dead，不定式短语作__________
17 引导________从句，修饰__________
定语
those
目的状语
定语
survivors
然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and18 the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that19 in times of disaster, people must unify and20 show the wisdom to stay positive and21 rebuild for a brighter future.
18 连接strong support from the government和the tireless efforts of the city's people
19 引导_______从句
20 连接并列谓语动词_______和_______
21 连接并列成分stay positive和rebuild for a brighter future
宾语
unify
show
唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
(一)课文连连看
阅读领悟
(二)回答问题
What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” mean
____________________________________________________________________
That means the people in Tangshan didn’t sleep because of the happening of the earthquake.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
1.ruin n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟；残垣断壁 vt. 破坏；毁坏；使成为废墟；使破败(教材P50)
(be/lie) in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
fall/come into ruin 成为废墟；毁灭
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
under the ruins 在废墟下
ruin one's hope/future/life 毁掉某人的希望/前程/生活
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
【语境感知】
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing.
这座古庙已成废墟，需要修复。(文化遗产)
②After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings fell down and a large number of people were buried under the ruins.
地震发生后，几乎所有的建筑物都倒塌了，许多人被埋在废墟下。(报道)
③A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event that/which usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
灾难是一种非常严重的事故或突发事件，通常会造成巨大的破坏，并可能毁掉许多人的生活。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①During the earthquake a large city lay _____ ruins in less than one minute.
②Our journey __________ (ruin) by the bad weather yesterday.
③Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ______ (ruin), the city took on a new look.
【学会表达】完成句子
④那些避难所被洪水全部冲毁，整个城市都成了一片废墟。
The shelters were all washed away by the flood and ________________________．
in
was ruined
ruins
the whole city was in ruins
2.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊(教材P50)
shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的
in shock 震惊；吃惊；休克
electric/culture shock 电击/文化冲击
come as a shock 让人震惊
be shocked at/by ... 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到吃惊
【语境感知】
①The violence in her tone gave me a shock.
她粗暴的语气让我大吃一惊。
②When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock.
当罗斯意识到礼物是什么时，她完全震惊了。(心理描写)
③Looking through the newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
翻阅报纸时，我被展示飓风破坏情况的照片震惊到了。(自然灾害)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They were deeply ________ (shock) at her behavior.
②What pleases me most is that their artistic talent is extremely ________ (shock).
③Many people were shocked ______ the film when it first came out.
④I was shocked ________ (hear) that he had resigned.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤这两个学生对这个和自然有关的讲座很震惊。
____________________________________________________________________
shocked
shocking
at/by
to hear
The two students were shocked at/by the lecture about nature.
3.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；埋藏；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入；掩盖；把……插入(教材P50)
bury one's pain/feelings 埋藏某人的痛苦/隐藏某人的感情
bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 某人双手掩面
bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
【语境感知】
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his black overcoat.
他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色外套的口袋里。(人物描写)
②The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always burying himself in his study.
那位科学家对此事一无所知，因为他一直专心于他的研究工作。(人物描写)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Once he buried ________ (he) in something, he would close his ears to anything.
②In some places, food can ________ (bury) in sand.
③She buried her face ____ her hands and began to sob.
【学会表达】完成句子
④一旦你沉浸在唐诗中，你就会被神奇的汉语所吸引。(诗歌文学)
________________________________， you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
himself
be buried
in
Once you bury yourself in Tang poems
4.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)
effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的
in an effort to do sth 为了做某事
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
with/without effort 费力/毫不费力地
spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力做某事
be worth the effort 值得努力
put one's effort into (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
take effort to do sth 花费精力做某事
【语境感知】
①If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.
如果我们都努力保持整洁，那么办公室的面貌肯定会大有改观。
②It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are so good that it's worth the effort.
做这道菜很费时间，但结果大家都很爱吃，工夫真没白费。
③It takes great effort to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语要付出极大的努力。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The governments have been sparing no effort _______ (take) various effective methods.
②He's jogging around the park every morning ____ an effort to get fit.
③I don't get lonely now because I make an effort _______ (see) people.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④你应该更加努力地工作。
____________________________________________________________________
to take
in
to see
You should put more effort into your work.
5.suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材P51)
suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
sufferer n. 受害者，患者
suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病
suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat 遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败
(1)suffer 用作及物动词时，指“遭受、经历(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，无被动语态。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与from连用，意为“受……之苦，患……病”。
【语境感知】
①Many of his novels have described the sufferings of his race.
他在很多小说中描述了他的种族所遭受的种种苦难。
②Reading fictions helps those who do not suffer from loneliness to understand lonely people.
阅读小说可以帮助那些不孤独的人理解孤独的人。
③The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ______ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③在那个漫长的冬季，人们吃了很多苦头。
____________________________________________________________________
from
sufferings
People suffered many hardships during that long winter.
【语境感知】
Tired and out of breath, my friend and I arrived on time to see the film and both of us breathed a sigh of relief.
累得上气不接下气，我和我的朋友准时赶到看电影，我们都松了一口气。
（二）拓展词
6.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸；将……注入→________ n. 呼吸→_________ adj. 无法呼吸的；喘不过来气的
breath
breathless
【语境感知】
We should use our time and energy wisely then we can be a man full of wisdom.
我们应该明智地利用我们的时间和精力，然后我们才可以成为一个充满智慧的人。
7.wisdom n. 智慧；才智→_______ adj. 明智的→_______ adv. 明智地
wise
wisely
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He was __________ (breath) after climbing ten floors.
②I question the ________ (wise) of giving a child so much money.
【学会表达】完成句子
③孩子们通过举办各种活动给我们的社区注入了活力。
The children ____________________________ by holding various activities.
④在你做这一决定之前，列出你的优缺点是明智的。
_____________________ of your strengths and weaknesses before you make this decision.
breathless
wisdom
breathed life into our community
It is wise to make a list
探究二 短语
8.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛(教材P50)
as if/though的用法：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时，用陈述语气。
从句表示的情况与事实相反时，用虚拟语气。
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be多用were)；
如果从句表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；
如果从句表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
从句的主语和主句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，as if后剩不定式、名词、分词或形容词(短语)、介词短语。
【语境感知】
①Mrs Crump looked as if she was going to explode.
克伦普太太看起来好像要爆发了。
②They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.
他们完全无视这些事实，就好像它们从未存在过。
③From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
杰森不时地转过身来，好像在找人。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She spoke to me as though she _________ (know) me.
②He acted as if he ____________ (not hear) any of it.
③He opened his lips as if _________ (answer) this question.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④他表现得若无其事。
____________________________________________________________________
had known
hadn’t heard
to answer
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
探究三 长难句分析
9.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it．(教材P50)
至少有一口水井冒出臭气。
【分析】 coming out of it是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。
动词－ing形式作定语：
与修饰词构成逻辑上的主动关系
表示正在进行的动作
单个动词－ing形式作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前，动词－ing短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
【语境感知】
①I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告有了令人鼓舞的回应。
②They built a highway leading into the mountains.
他们建造了一条通向山里的高速公路。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It is also being used to help patients ________ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②We see it as a chance to try to break the ________ (grow) disconnect between people and nature.
【学会表达】完成句子
③我应该借这个机会对坐在后排的人说声抱歉。
I should take the chance to say sorry to those ______________________．
suffering
growing
sitting in the back rows
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(__)1.percent A．n. 金属
(__)2.crack B．n. 上下文；语境；背景
(__)3.electricity C．vi.& vt. (使)破裂
(__)4.metal D．n. 电；电能
(__)5.context E．n. 百分之……
E
C
D
A
B
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(__)6.as if A.震惊；吃惊
(__)7.in ruins B.遭受……之苦
(__)8.in shock C.似乎；好像；仿佛
(__)9.come to an end D.结束
(__)10.suffer from E.严重受损
C
E
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 智慧；才智
2．______ n. 努力；尽力
3．______ n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
4．______ vt. 埋葬；安葬
5．_______ vt. 遭受 vi. 受苦
6．_______ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 vt. (使)震惊
7．______ vt. 使落入险境 n. 险境；陷阱
8．_______ vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
9．________ vi.& vt. 呼吸
10．_______ vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
wisdom
effort
ruin
bury
suffer
shock
trap
revive
breathe
unify
Ⅲ.选词填空
trap, ruin, effort, context, bury, unify, crack, revive
1．Skilled readers make use of ________ and prediction.
2．They became ________ by the rising floodwater.
3．What matters to set a national dialect is to ______ the pronunciation of those characters.
4．________ have appeared in the dry ground.
5．A large number of churches fell into ______ after the revolution.
context
trapped
unify
Cracks
ruin
6．It is worth the ______ to establish a morning running routine.
7．I found the article ________ in the business section of the newspaper.
8．A hot shower and a cup of tea will _______ you.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of ________ (wise)．
2．The athletes make _______ (effort) for the Olympics.
3．I began to suffer ______ headaches, which left me feeling completely drained.
effort
buried
revive
wisdom
efforts
from
4．Recently, there has been some ________ (revive) of ancient music.
5．His mother was shocked _______ (hear) the news.
6．We moved into a house with __________ (electric) but no running water.
7．Do you wake up every morning ________ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
8．The writer buried himself ____ his writing and forgot his serious illness.
revival
to hear
electricity
feeling
in
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．I'm still _________ (震惊) after hearing that bad news.
2．I felt ____________ (似乎，好像) my heart had stopped.
3．The railway stations are _________ (破败不堪), the track overgrown with weeds and grass.
in shock
as if/though
in ruins
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我有个朋友愿意帮忙。(定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
2．在不到18个月的时间里，有20多万人阅读了我的博客。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
____________________________________________________________________
3．或许每个人都在生活中的某个时刻承受压力。(suffer from)
____________________________________________________________________
I have a friend who is interested in helping out.
In less than 18 months, there were over 200,000 people reading my blog.
Maybe everyone suffers from stress at some time in their life.
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
(2024·云南德宏高一上期末)On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, it __1__ thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to __2__ the disaster without any loss of life. A 10－year－old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape __3__ with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, __4__ the warm sea air and enjoying the soft __5__ that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something __6__. “The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained.
“It wasn't __7__ and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the __8__ of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson.
Sabrina was __9__， but she soon kept her head. She __10__ her parents of the danger though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible __11__ was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety __12__. To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly __14__ of people, just before the huge waves __15__ into the coast.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩Sabrina Andron (塞布丽娜·安德伦)用自己的海啸知识帮助约100人逃离危险的故事。
篇章导读
1．( )A.left B．brought
C．affected D．led
解析：根据下文“thousands dead”可知，地震带来的海啸造成了数千人死亡。故选A。
答案
解析
2．( )A.recognize B．survive
C．challenge D．quit
解析：根据下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore Beach是在这场灾难中唯一幸存下来的海滩。故选B。
答案
解析
3．( )A.stress B．reality
C．danger D．failure
解析：根据上文“a series of huge waves ... ocean near Goldshore”可知，海啸来袭，她用自己的知识帮助人们逃离危险。故选C。
答案
解析
4．( )A.making up B．taking in
C．focusing on D．checking out
解析：根据下文“the warm sea air”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。故选B。
答案
解析
5．( )A.wave B．sunshine
C．whistle D．wind
解析：根据下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙滩上轻柔的风吹拂着头发。故选D。
答案
解析
6．( )A.unique B．powerful
C．strange D．attractive
解析：根据下文“The water was ... in and in and in.”可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选C。
答案
解析
7．( )A.narrow B．adventurous
C．distant D．calm
解析：根据下文“and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知，海水并不平静。故选D。
答案
解析
8．( )A.signs B．damages
C．effects D．results
解析：根据下文“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson”可知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选A。
答案
解析
9．( )A.embarrassed B．confused
C．annoyed D．frightened
解析：根据下文“but she soon kept her head”并结合常识可知，Sabrina见到海啸很害怕，但是又很快保持冷静。故选D。
答案
解析
10．( )A.warned B．cheated
C．helped D．debated
解析：根据下文“of the danger”可知，她警告父母有危险。故选A。
答案
解析
11．( )A.disease B．disaster
C．accident D．drought
解析：根据上文“an upcoming tsunami”可知，一场可怕的灾难即将来临。故选B。
答案
解析
12．( )A.officer B．designer
C．partner D．inventor
解析：根据下文“the officer”可知，她要求父母和安全官员谈话。故选A。
答案
解析
13．( )A.actually B．anxiously
C．immediately D．curiously
解析：根据上文“To her great relief”和下文“realized the coming danger”可知，安全官员立刻意识到即将来临的海啸的危险。故选C。
答案
解析
14．( )A.informed B．robbed
C．reminded D．cleared
解析：根据上文“To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger.”可知，安全官员意识到危险，尽快清空了海滩上的人们。故选D。
答案
解析
15．( )A.slid B．crashed
C．divided D．tapped
解析：根据上文“the huge waves”可知，海啸引发的巨浪会撞击海岸。故选B。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 阅读
(2024·广东深圳高一上学期期末)Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to the idea that they have a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a ‘sixth sense’. They know when things are happening，” H．D.Ratnayake, director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence (证据) about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved，” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting，” he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.
“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators (掠食动物). The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lanka's damaged coast is likely to add to.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物似乎有“第六感”，可以提前感知自然灾害。
篇章导读
1．What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami？( )
A．Many people died but wild animals survived.
B．The “six sense” of wild animals developed.
C．Wild beasts were killed or went missing.
D．The coast was found in good condition.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，印度洋海啸之后许多人死了，但野生动物却活了下来。故选A。
答案
解析
2．What does H．D.Ratnayake do？( )
A．He is a zookeeper.
B．He is a wildlife official.
C．He is a movie director.
D．He is an animal behaviour expert.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“H.D. Ratnayake ... on Wednesday”可知，H.D.Ratnayake (H.D.拉特纳亚克)是野生动物官员。故选B。
答案
解析
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting” in Paragraph 5？( )
A．Taking up. B．Putting up.
C．Picking up. D．Bringing up.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds.”可知，野生动物似乎能够捕捉到某些迹象，尤其是鸟类。因此有很多关于鸟类发现即将到来的灾难的报道。画线词意思是“发现，识别”。故选C。
答案
解析
4．What is the text mainly about？( )
A．Animals can save themselves from human activity.
B．Animals' natural power to escape from danger.
C．How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D．The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了印度洋海啸之后许多人死了，一些野生动物却活了下来，说明一些动物有规避危险的自然力量。故选B。
答案
解析
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2024·福建福州高一上期末)Natural disasters are one of the major __1__ (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the __2__ (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records __3__ seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves __4__ (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (贫困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often __5__ greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places __6__ are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have __7__ (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer __8__ (extreme) after disasters strike and may be pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韧性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary－General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together __9__ (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should __10__ (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年的灾害情况以及未来的应对措施。
篇章导读
1．答案：problems
解析：考查名词。problem为可数名词，此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构，表示“……之一”。故填problems。
2．答案：survival
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作动词threatening的宾语，应用名词，且survival不可数。故填survival。
答案
解析
3．答案：and
解析：考查连词。broken与seen为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
4．答案：swept
解析：解析：考查动词的时态。此处描述2023年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填swept。
答案
解析
5．答案：at
解析：考查介词。句意：最贫困地区的人们往往面临极端天气的最大风险。at risk 意为“处于危险中”，是固定搭配。故填at。
6．答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为places，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
答案
解析
7．答案：fewer
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知，此处指更少的资源，应用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。
8．答案：extremely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词suffer，应用副词extremely作状语。故填extremely。
答案
解析
9．答案：to break
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。
10．答案：be covered
解析：考查动词的语态和情态动词。此处指地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。person与cover之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且should后跟动词原形。故填be covered。
答案
解析
(2024·云南大理高一上期末)Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strangely. They stamp their feet and want to move towards the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop (扑腾) on the seabed. Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten－storey building. Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly. Lots of seawater is displaced and this movement causes huge waves.
精深阅读
If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. Sometimes, volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs may also cause one of these huge waves.
Tsunamis are extremely powerful. Ordinary waves lose power when they break. Tsunami waves can remain powerful for several days. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage buildings, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of telling people in advance when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful enough earthquake happens, scientists can send out a warning or a watch. A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are suitable for a tsunami. When people receive a watch or a warning, they have more time to prepare. It's best to get prepared before a tsunami is on the way!
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海啸的形成原因、特点以及对人类和生态系统的影响。
篇章导读
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．The power of the tsunami.
B．The signs of the tsunami.
C．The causes of the tsunami.
D．The damages from the tsunami.
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Elephants on the coast ... on the seabed.”可知，第一段主要讲述了海啸发生的征兆。故选B。
答案
解析
2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in the second paragraph mean
A．Moved. B．Trapped.
C．Destroyed. D．Stopped.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“this movement causes huge waves (这种运动会引起巨大的海浪)”可知，画线词意为“移动”。故选A。
答案
解析
3．According to the text, what will cause a tsunami for sure
A．The floods, storms, and typhoons.
B．The earthquake that happens on the land.
C．The volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs.
D．The force that causes ocean water to get displaced.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If a tsunami happens ... water to become moved.”可知，导致海水移动的某种力量能使海啸发生。故选D。
答案
解析
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A warning is more serious than a watch.
B．A watch is more serious than a warning.
C．A watch is sent out before a big earthquake.
D．There are many ways to tell a tsunami in advance.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A warning means ... suitable for a tsunami.”可推知，警告和观察信号相比起来，一旦警告发出，那么海啸发生的可能性更大。故选A。
答案
解析
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．stamp n. _____________________ v. ____________________
2．_________ adj. 普通的
3．________ adj. 正常的，标准的；(人)普通的
n. 常态，通常标准
4．remain v. _________________ n. ______________________
5．________ adj. 可能的；似乎合适的 adv. 可能地
邮票；印记；跺脚(声)
跺(脚)；迈着重步走
ordinary
normal
仍然是；保持不变
剩余(物)，遗迹；残骸
likely
(二)高频短语
6．______________ 向……移动
7．draw back ________________
8．___________ 预先，提前
9．get prepared _________
10．on the way ________
move towards
退回；回避，退缩
in advance
准备好
在路上
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．China is wealthier and _______________ (powerful) than ever before.
12．The house looked __________ (strange) familiar, though she knew she'd never been there before.
13．I gave him a __________ (warn), which he turned a deaf ear to.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．He stamped his foot in frustrated rage. _____
15．He remained in a critical condition after suffering heart failure. _______
16．The soldiers were rescuing injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain. _______
more powerful
strangely
warning
跺
状况
袭击
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
in advance， ordinary， suitable
17．Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You’d better make a reservation ahead of time. ___________
18．This is not a fit place for you to live. ________
19．The following customs were anything but not special. __________
in advance
suitable
ordinary
(六)长难句分析
20．If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved.
句意：如果海啸发生，一定有某种力量使海水移动。
分析：主干是______________________________；If 引导____________从句；that 引导_______从句，修饰________。
there must be some kind of force
条件状语
定语
force
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．I have committed myself, and there is no way ______________ (退缩)．
22．This course seems difficult and _________________________ (不适合新生).
(八)仿写句子
23．A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten storey building. (as ... as ...)
仿写：这道菜尝起来和看起来一样好吗？
____________________________________________________________________
to draw back
is not suitable for freshmen
Does the dish taste as good as it looks
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
(2024·安徽省皖北六校高一上期末)It happens in every disaster: For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land，” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone's plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don't happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most，” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn't be used. Often it's old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn't think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they're helping, and they're trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that，” Hara says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章结合Juanita Rilling (胡安妮塔·里林)的经历讲述了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。
篇章导读
1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988？( )
A．Workers on the plane.
B．A weather report.
C．Useless donations on the ground.
D．The call from the operator.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the ground was full ... in a disaster.”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，进而导致所需供应被推迟。故选C。
答案
解析
2．What did Rilling's group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit？( )
A．Clothing. B．Money.
C．Medicine. D．Food.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation.”可知，当超级风暴“桑迪”来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B。
答案
解析
3．What is Meghan Hara's attitude towards donating concrete things？( )
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncaring. D．Worried.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And she doesn't think ... be completely stopped. (她认为实物捐赠不应该完全停止。)”可推知，Meghan Hara (梅根·哈如)对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A。
答案
解析
4．What might the author continue talking about？( )
A．Studies on natural disasters.
B．The benefits of helping others.
C．Tips on choosing useful donations.
D．The ways of managing people's donations.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题)”可推知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D。
答案
解析
B
(2024·浙江金华高一上期末)I finally climbed into bed at 1：20 in the morning. My friends had helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in the basement apartment where I lived.
Earlier in the day I had prepared for the unlikely event of a flood. We are about a third of a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and the government had sent out a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I'd placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door and put electronics on tables. “Silly bro！” My friends laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why take a chance
As I drifted off to sleep, I was awakened by the sound of rushing water, as if I were lying beside a waterfall. When I got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I grabbed my cellphone and turned on the flashlight. When I stepped out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the gaps of the door.
I began to panic. I knew I had to get out fast! In bare feet, I started to make my way to the only escape: the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There in the corner was a coat rack (架子). I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing the coat rack between the door and the frame (门框) to keep the door from shutting. Finally, I managed to make a gap just wide enough to squeeze (挤) through and make it into the hallway.
I leaped on to the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. What was once a lovely street was now a waterscape, with floating ruins instead of people and cars. The river had drowned (淹没) the neighborhood!
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者遭遇洪水时的脱险经历。
篇章导读
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply？( )
A．Better safe than sorry.
B．It never rains but it pours.
C．A lost chance never returns.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Still, I'd placed ... but I thought, why take a chance？”可知，作者做好了迎接洪水的准备，还被朋友嘲笑，但作者认为，这样做更安全，防患于未然总是好的，因此画线句意为“有备无患”。故选A。
答案
解析
6．What was the author doing when water flooded in？( )
A．Celebrating his birthday.
B．Sleeping in the basement.
C．Placing sandbags by the door.
D．Playing with electronic devices.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As I drifted ... beside a waterfall.”和第四段中的“In bare feet ... the main floor.”可知，当洪水涌入的时候，作者正在地下室睡觉。故选B。
答案
解析
7．Which of the following might be the most difficult for the author during the escape？( )
A．Making his way to the door.
B．Finding a coat rack.
C．Keeping the door from shutting.
D．Squeezing through the gap.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，在逃生过程中，对于作者来说最困难的是保持门不要关上。故选C。
答案
解析
8．How did the author feel when standing on the street？( )
A．Sad and shocked.
B．Annoyed and anxious.
C．Surprised and disappointed.
D．Puzzled and awkward.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What was once ... the neighborhood！”可知，作者站在曾经令人愉快的大街上，洪水淹没了一切，因此可推知，作者此时的心情是悲伤和震惊的。故选A。
答案
解析
Ⅱ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江西信丰中学高一上月考)When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. On one shift, I sensed something just before going off duty at 11 am. I put down the tray (托盘) on the table and suddenly it fell off the table. At first I thought I had accidentally knocked it over, but then I felt the whole building shaking and heard patients were screaming.
I realized that an earthquake was happening. I quickly caught hold of a nearby patient, who was terribly frightened and pushed her under a bed. And then, I got under another bed myself. As soon as the earthquake stopped, I decided to try and get the patient safely outside. I carried her out and helped her down to the grassland, where several other people had gathered.
Afraid that my other workmates were in danger, I went back inside the building again. When I met Lucy, our ward sister (护士长), I found her patient couldn't walk. We made a seat for the patient by linking our hands and arms, and carried her outside together. We went back through the building to check no one was left behind in our ward.
Just then, we saw that a man doctor was calling for volunteers to go down to other wards with him to help more people. So we went together. The doctor went ahead of us and found one of the nurses partially covered with rubble, luckily still alive. Suddenly, the aftershock struck and the doctor ordered us to leave. The brave doctor intended to stay alone and risk his own life to save the nurse.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。地震发生时，医院的一名护士倒在碎石中，半边身体被碎石覆盖。突然，余震袭来，医生命令作者和其他的护士先离开，作者是怎么做的？看着地震后被摧毁的建筑物，作者有什么感触？
写前导读
[精彩范文]
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. The doctor encouraged the trapped nurse to stay calm, and in the meanwhile，we focused our efforts on removing the bricks and the rubble that trapped her body. However, sometimes we were faced with falling rubble from time to time, despite which we continued. Gradually and slowly, we lifted the nurse out of the rubble. The doctor put the nurse on his back and walked out of the building with the help of us. Finally, all, including patients, nurses and doctors, were in the safe place.
答案
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. My beautiful workplace lay beyond recognition, even some in ruins. At the sight of this, I felt a weight in my chest. Suddenly, the gentle wind danced around me, which made me think of all the people surviving the earthquake with our help. It was our teamwork that made a difference. I held the firm belief that some day in the future my workplace would come back to life and take on a new look, where we would continue working together to save more patients.
答案
精深阅读
(2024·甘肃庆阳高一上学期期末)Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍乱)．
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods
are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有好处也有坏处。
篇章导读
1．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Floodwaters can pick up ... the river from flowing.”可知，洪水会从岸上带走泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，阻止河流流动。由此可推知，clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。故选A。
答案
解析
2．How do floods help ecosystems
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Floodwaters carry nutrients ... helps plants grow.”可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更肥沃，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选C。
答案
解析
3．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people's hating floods.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However, not everything about ... new life to ecosystems.”可知，第三段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B。
答案
解析
4．What's the best title of this article
A．The Good Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—a Part of Nature
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章前两段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲述了洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。C项(洪水是大自然的一部分)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
答案
解析
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．ecosystem n. ___________
2．drown v. __________________________
3．________ n. 养分，营养物
4．________ adv. 此外；而且
5．refill v. _______________ n. __________________
生态系统
(使)淹死；沉浸于；淹没于
nutrient
moreover
再装满；再充满
重新装满；补充剂
(二)高频短语
6．________ 依靠
7．every once in a while _____________
8．________________ 使……焕然一新；给……注入新的活力或生命力
9．________ 由于，因为
10．for instance _______
rely on
有时，偶尔
bring new life to
due to
例如
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．Happiness is the _______ (able) to make the most of what you have.
12．This coat is _____ (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaners.
13．Students prefer to rely ______ peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer. ______
15．I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. _________
16．We need joint efforts to protect the range of marine habitats. ________
ability
dirty
on/upon
枯竭
取；拿
海洋的
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
for instance， improve， as well
17．We are keen that our school should get involved too. _________
18．For example, jogging is quite a popular form of exercise. ___________
19．A course will start for the students who wish to develop their English. ________
as well
For instance
improve
(六)长难句分析
20．The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.
句意：这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能够改善泥土并帮助植物生长，所以它是很好的。
分析：主干是__________________________________；which引导______从句，修饰sediment；to improve ... 为动词不定式短语作__________。
The particles are called sediment(沉淀物）
定语
后置定语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Opportunities don't come often. They come ____________________ (偶尔，有时)．
22．When two cars ___________________ (彼此相撞), it is the passively crashed car that suffers more damage.
(八)仿写句子
23．Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. (not only ... but also ...)
仿写：这些树不仅能改变北京的面貌，而且能保护它免受沙漠的侵害。
__________________________________________________________________
every once in a while
run into each other
These trees can not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it from the desert.
