Period 5 课文整体教学(Developing ideas)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Whether plants can talk with each other．
B．The secret between plants and humans．
C．The ways that plants communicate with each other．
D．How people can communicate with plants．
Ⅱ．篇章结构
1．What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To call on us to see the film Avatar．
B．To ask us to find more talking plants．
C．To tell us some interesting stories．
D．To introduce the topic to discuss．
2．Which may NOT be the reason why plants release chemicals according to the text
A．Warning or calling for help．
B．Driving insects away．
C．Poisoning insects．
D．Attracting certain insects．
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．All the plants can make noises with their roots．
B．Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly．
C．When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps they suggest drought is coming．
D．People can't hear the noise created by plants because they can't use sound to communicate with them．
4．Where might the text come from
A．A guidebook．
B．A science magazine．
C．A history textbook．
D．A newspaper advertisement．
1．How many secret ways in which plants talk to each other are mentioned in the text Which one is mostly interesting to you Why
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it's useful to study the secrets of plant communication Why What can we benefit from it
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．root n．根，根茎；起因；根源；起源
①(教材原句)Some plants make noises with their roots． ____________
②Money，or love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． ____________
③Do you know that Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music？ ____________
2．link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；纽带；环，节；链接
①(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi． ____________
②Click the link and see what happens． ____________
③Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders． ____________
④For many，the post office is the only link with the outside world． ____________
⑤Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones． ____________
3．The military used advanced drones to detect enemy movements in the border area． ____________
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．________________ 与某人交流
2．________________ 警报系统
3．________________ 与……相似
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．________________，plants also use sound to communicate．
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。
2．A chilli plant can ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。
3．Scientists are learning more every day about
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。
4．Who knows Maybe one day __________________________________ to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
Ⅳ.长难语句
1．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all．
[分析] 本句中“With us long believing...fantasy”为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作____________，其中“that talking plants are fantasy”为____________从句。句子主干是“new research has revealed something amazing”，后面的“it appears that...after all”为____________从句，作something的同位语。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．
[分析] 本句中“when there is not enough water”为____________从句，“indicating drought is arriving”为动词-ing形式短语作____________，其中“drought is arriving”为省略that的____________从句。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
[分析] While是并列连词，意为“____________”；“linked by...”是过去分词短语作____________，修饰__________________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
It 1．________________ (believe) for a long time that talking plants are fantasy．But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other．
Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals．When 2．____________ (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals to call for help as well as warn their neighbouring plants 3．____________ the insects．When other plants detect 4．____________ chemicals，they release their own different chemicals to drive insects away．Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects．
More 5．____________ (surprising)，some plants also use sound 6．____________ (communicate) with each other though people can't hear these sounds．Some plants make noises with their roots．Some plants“listen”to the noises to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7．____________ (help) or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises，8．____________ (indicate) that drought is arriving．Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the“wood wide web”to share information or even food with each other．
9．____________ (scientist) will learn more about the secret ways in 10．____________ plants talk to each other．
1．(教材原句)Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people．
*as well as 除……之外；也；还
(1)as well as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等；当后接动词时，多用动词-ing形式。
(2)当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)as well as表示“除……之外”时，相当于besides，in addition to。
(4)may/might as well do sth．表示“只好做某事；做某事倒也无妨”。
(5)as well相当于too和also，用于肯定句中，表示“也；又；而且”。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①As well as ____________ (know) some Russian，she speaks Chinese well．
②She is a talented musician as well ____________ being a photographer．
③It is said that the famous cyclist as well as his parents ____________ (be) to visit our city next week．
④(应用文写作之感谢信)是你的努力和专业的指导让我取得了很大的进步。
It was your great efforts ____________________________________ that helped me make great progress．
2．(教材原句)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．
*detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) (detection n．侦查；探测 detective n．侦探；警探 detector n．探测器)
detect a change/difference 发现变化/不同
单句语法填空/句式升级
①An experienced ____________ (detect) was assigned to the case．
②Many forms of cancer can be cured if ____________ (detect) early．
③Last year the ____________ (detect) rate for car theft was just 13%．
④A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground．(非谓语动词)
→A firefighter was walking ahead of me，________________________．
3．(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
*link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系
(1)link...to/with... 把……和……连接/联系起来
link up with... 与……连接/联手协作
link ...together 把……联系在一起
(2)be linked to/with... 与……有关
(3)a link between...and... ……和……之间的联系
have strong links with... 和……关系牢固
单句语法填空/单句写作
①We are delighted to know the news that a subway line will link the airport __________ the city center．
②We linked up ____________ the Daily Express to help run the campaign．
③这条古老的丝绸之路在古代把中国和西方连接起来。
This old Silk Road ____________ China ____________ the West in ancient times．
④社区志愿活动与同理心培养之间存在明显关联。
There is ______________________________________________________________
volunteering in the community __________ the development of empathy．
词汇 root n．根；根源v．(使)生根；扎根于；使(某人)无法移动
微练 他吓得僵住了，站在那里一动不动，各种可怕的想法涌入心头。 Frozen with fear，he stood ____________________，various terrible thoughts flooding in．
(教材原句)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．
*主语＋be＋said＋动词不定式
该句型中的不定式根据句子意思可有一般式 (to do)，进行式 (to be doing)和完成式 (to have done)三种形式。
该结构还可转换成“It is said that...”结构。类似的结构还有：
It is thought/believed that... 大家认为/相信……
It is reported/supposed that... 据报道/推测……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家普遍认为……
单句写作/一句多译
①(应用文写作之环境保护)人们希望国际合作能够有效解决气候变化问题。
____________________ the international cooperation can effectively address the issue of climate change．
②人们相信音乐有抚慰心灵和唤起深层情感的力量。
____________________ music has the power to soothe the soul and evoke deep emotions．
③据报道，昨晚这个地区发生了严重地震，造成了巨大的损失。
a．A serious earthquake ________________________ this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
b．__________________________ a serious earthquake struck this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
①myths and legends神话和传说
②as well as除……之外；也；还(常用于连接两个并列的成分)
③Alexander the Great亚历山大大帝
④such as 例如
⑤communicate with...与……沟通
⑥after all毕竟，终究
⑦get attacked受到攻击；被袭击
⑧release tiny amounts of chemicals释放出微量的化学物质
amounts of大量
⑨a call for help呼救
⑩drive away 使离去；驱赶
hope to learn more about...希望进一步了解……
grow crops without pesticides不使用农药种植农作物
more surprisingly更不可思议的是
corn and chilli 玉米和辣椒
most surprisingly of all最令人惊讶的是
in some ways在某种程度上
be similar to...与……相似
share...with...与……分享……
have one's own version of...有自己独特的……
spread poisons to attack other plants散播有毒物质攻击其他植物
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends①.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as② warnings to people．Alexander the Great③ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．[1] And in some modern stories，such as④ the film Avatar，trees can communicate with⑤ animals and people．
[1]此处为“主语＋be＋said＋动词不定式”句型。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy[2]，new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥ [3].
[2]此处为with复合结构，动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。
[3]本句中的it是形式主语，无实际意义。appears 是系动词，其后的that则引导一个主语从句。
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other．[4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked⑦ by insects．The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals⑧ from the leaves that are being eaten．This is like a warning，or a call for help⑨：“I'm being attacked！”When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩.Others attract insects—the wasps！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants．Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
Ｆ[4]本句中的It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。
More surprisingly ，plants also use sound to communicate．People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them．Some plants make noises with their roots．Corn and chilli plants do this．They also“listen”to the noises from other plants．A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．[5]
[5]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；indicating...arriving是动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。
Most surprisingly of all ，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．Using the wood wide web [7]，plants can share information and even food with each other．For example，some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow．But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants .Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web．
[6]此处While为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为“而……，然而”。
[7]此处是动词-ing形式短语作方式状语。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other [8].Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
[8]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。
植物密语
会说话的植物一直是神话和传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事中——例如电影《阿凡达》，树可以与动物和人类沟通交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆类植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些正在啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物的警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会(通过真菌网络)向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像我们的互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来帮助阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
Period 5
课文理解
Task 1 整体理解
Ⅰ．C
Ⅱ．1．communicate 2．ways 3．chemicals 4．sound 5．system 6．plants
Task 2 细节理解
1－4 DCCB
Task 3 多维探究
略
课文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①根，根茎 ②起因；根源 ③起源
2．①v．连接 ②n．链接 ③n．联系 ④n．纽带 ⑤n．环，节
3．v．发现；侦察
Ⅱ．1．communicate with sb． 2．warning system 3．be similar to
Ⅲ．1．More surprisingly 2．tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly 3．the secret ways in which plants talk to each other 4．we will know enough about plant communication
Ⅳ．1．分析：状语；宾语；同位语
翻译：我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
2．分析：时间状语；伴随状语；宾语
翻译：还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
3．分析：而……，然而；后置定语；a worldwide network
翻译：互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。
Ⅴ．1．has been believed 2．attacked 3．of 4．the 5．surprisingly 6．to communicate 7．helpful 8．indicating 9．Scientists 10．which
核心词汇
1．①knowing ②as ③is ④as well as your professional guidance
2．①detective ②detected ③detection ④detecting the ground
3．①to/with ②with ③linked；to/with ④a clear link between；and
要点拾遗
rooted to the spot
句法句式
①It is hoped that ②It is believed that ③a．is reported to have struck b．It's reported that
11 / 11(共51张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 5
Revealing nature
主题语境 人与社会——雕塑、音乐、舞蹈领域的人物及其作品
Period 5 课时练案 课文整体教学(Developing ideas)
√
Ⅰ．文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Whether plants can talk with each other．
B．The secret between plants and humans．
C．The ways that plants communicate with each other．
D．How people can communicate with plants．
Ⅱ．篇章结构
communicate
ways
chemicals
sound
system
plants
√
1．What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To call on us to see the film Avatar．
B．To ask us to find more talking plants．
C．To tell us some interesting stories．
D．To introduce the topic to discuss．
√
2．Which may NOT be the reason why plants release chemicals according to the text
A．Warning or calling for help．
B．Driving insects away．
C．Poisoning insects．
D．Attracting certain insects．
√
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．All the plants can make noises with their roots．
B．Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly．
C．When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps they suggest drought is coming．
D．People can't hear the noise created by plants because they can't use sound to communicate with them．
4．Where might the text come from
A．A guidebook．
B．A science magazine．
C．A history textbook．
D．A newspaper advertisement．
√
1．How many secret ways in which plants talk to each other are mentioned in the text Which one is mostly interesting to you Why
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it's useful to study the secrets of plant communication Why What can we benefit from it
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[答案] 略
Ⅰ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．root n．根，根茎；起因；根源；起源
①(教材原句)Some plants make noises with their roots． ________
②Money，or love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． __________
③Do you know that Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music？ ____
根，根茎
起因；根源
起源
2．link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；纽带；环，节；链接
①(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi． _______
②Click the link and see what happens． _______
③Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders． _______
④For many，the post office is the only link with the outside world． _______
v．连接
n．链接
n．联系
n．纽带
⑤Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones． _________
3．The military used advanced drones to detect enemy movements in the border area． _____________
n．环，节
v．发现；侦察
Ⅱ．词块积累
1．____________________与某人交流
2．______________警报系统
3．_____________与……相似
communicate with sb．
warning system
be similar to
Ⅲ．写作佳句
1．_________________，plants also use sound to communicate．
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。
2．A chilli plant can ______________________________________________________．
辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。
3．Scientists are learning more every day about __________________________________________________．
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。
More surprisingly
tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or
the secret ways in which
unfriendly
plants talk to each other
4．Who knows Maybe one day ________________________________
_____________ to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
we will know enough about plant
communication
Ⅳ．长难语句
1．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all．
[分析] 本句中“With us long believing...fantasy”为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中作____，其中“that talking plants are fantasy”为____从句。句子主干是“new research has revealed something amazing”，后面的“it appears that...after all”为______从句，作something的同位语。
状语
宾语
同位语
[翻译] _______________________________________________________________________________________________
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
2．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．
[分析] 本句中“when there is not enough water”为________从句，“indicating drought is arriving”为动词-ing形式短语作________，其中“drought is arriving”为省略that的____从句。
[翻译] ______________________________________________________
时间状语
伴随状语
宾语
还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
3．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
[分析] While是并列连词，意为“____________”；“linked by...”是过去分词短语作________，修饰___________________。
[翻译] _______________________________________________________________________________________
而……，然而
后置定语
a worldwide network
互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。
Ⅴ．课文语法填空
It 1．_________________ (believe) for a long time that talking plants are fantasy．But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other．
has been believed
Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals．When 2．________ (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals to call for help as well as warn their neighbouring plants 3．__ the insects．When other plants detect 4．___ chemicals，they release their own different chemicals to drive insects away．Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects．
attacked
of
the
More 5．____________ (surprising)，some plants also use sound 6．______________ (communicate) with each other though people can't hear these sounds．Some plants make noises with their roots．Some plants“listen”to the noises to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7．_______ (help) or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises，8．__________ (indicate) that drought is arriving．Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the“wood wide web”to share information or even food with each other．
surprisingly
to communicate
helpful
indicating
9．__________ (scientist) will learn more about the secret ways in 10．_____ plants talk to each other．
Scientists
which
1．(教材原句)Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people．
*as well as 除……之外；也；还
(1)as well as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等；当后接动词时，多用动词-ing形式。
(2)当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)as well as表示“除……之外”时，相当于besides，in addition to。
(4)may/might as well do sth．表示“只好做某事；做某事倒也无妨”。
(5)as well相当于too和also，用于肯定句中，表示“也；又；而且”。
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①As well as _______ (know) some Russian，she speaks Chinese well．
②She is a talented musician as well __ being a photographer．
③It is said that the famous cyclist as well as his parents __ (be) to visit our city next week．
④(应用文写作之感谢信)是你的努力和专业的指导让我取得了很大的进步。
It was your great efforts ___________________________________ that helped me make great progress．
knowing
as
is
as well as your professional guidance
2．(教材原句)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．
*detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) (detection n．侦查；探测 detective n．侦探；警探 detector n．探测器)
detect a change/difference 发现变化/不同
即学即练 单句语法填空/句式升级
①An experienced _________ (detect) was assigned to the case．
②Many forms of cancer can be cured if ________ (detect) early．
③Last year the _________ (detect) rate for car theft was just 13%．
④A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground．(非谓语动词)
→A firefighter was walking ahead of me，____________________．
detective
detected
detection
detecting the ground
3．(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
*link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系
(1)link...to/with... 把……和……连接/联系起来
link up with... 与……连接/联手协作
link ...together 把……联系在一起
(2)be linked to/with... 与……有关
(3)a link between...and... ……和……之间的联系
have strong links with... 和……关系牢固
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①We are delighted to know the news that a subway line will link the airport ________ the city center．
②We linked up ____ the Daily Express to help run the campaign．
③这条古老的丝绸之路在古代把中国和西方连接起来。
This old Silk Road ______ China ________ the West in ancient times．
④社区志愿活动与同理心培养之间存在明显关联。
There is ____________________ volunteering in the community ___ the development of empathy．
to/with
with
linked
to/with
a clear link between
and
词汇 root n．根；根源v．(使)生根；扎根于；使(某人)无法移动
微练 他吓得僵住了，站在那里一动不动，各种可怕的想法涌入心头。
Frozen with fear，he stood __________________，various terrible thoughts flooding in．
rooted to the spot
(教材原句)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．
*主语＋be＋said＋动词不定式
该句型中的不定式根据句子意思可有一般式 (to do)，进行式 (to be doing)和完成式 (to have done)三种形式。
该结构还可转换成“It is said that...”结构。类似的结构还有：
It is thought/believed that... 大家认为/相信……
It is reported/supposed that... 据报道/推测……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家普遍认为……
即学即练 单句写作/一句多译
①(应用文写作之环境保护)人们希望国际合作能够有效解决气候变化问题。
________________ the international cooperation can effectively address the issue of climate change．
②人们相信音乐有抚慰心灵和唤起深层情感的力量。
___________________ music has the power to soothe the soul and evoke deep emotions．
It is hoped that
It is believed that
③据报道，昨晚这个地区发生了严重地震，造成了巨大的损失。
a．A serious earthquake __________________________ this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
b．___________________ a serious earthquake struck this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
is reported to have struck
It's reported that
①myths and legends神话和传说
②as well as 除……之外；也；还(常用于连接两个并列的成分)
③Alexander the Great亚历山大大帝
④such as 例如
⑤communicate with...与……沟通
⑥after all毕竟，终究
⑦get attacked 受到攻击；被袭击
⑧release tiny amounts of chemicals释放出微量的化学物质
amounts of大量
⑨a call for help呼救
⑩drive away 使离去；驱赶
hope to learn more about...希望进一步了解……
grow crops without pesticides不使用农药种植农作物
more surprisingly 更不可思议的是
corn and chilli 玉米和辣椒
most surprisingly of all最令人惊讶的是
in some ways在某种程度上
be similar to...与……相似
share...with...与……分享……
have one's own version of...有自己独特的……
spread poisons to attack other plants 散播有毒物质攻击其他植物
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends①．Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as② warnings to people．Alexander the Great③ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．[1] And in some modern stories，such as④ the film Avatar，trees can communicate with⑤ animals and people．
[1]此处为“主语＋be＋said＋动词不定式”句型。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy[2]，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥ [3]．
[2]此处为with复合结构，动词-ing形式短语作宾语补足语，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。
[3]本句中的it是形式主语，无实际意义。appears 是系动词，其后的that则引导一个主语从句。
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other．[4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked⑦ by insects．The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals⑧ from the leaves that are being eaten．This is like a warning，or a call for help⑨：“I'm being attacked！”When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩．Others attract insects—the wasps！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants．Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides ．
[4]本句中的It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。
More surprisingly ，plants also use sound to communicate．People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them．Some plants make noises with their roots．Corn and chilli plants do this．They also“listen”to the noises from other plants．A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．[5]
[5]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；indicating...arriving是动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。
Most surprisingly of all ，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．Using the wood wide web [7]，plants can share information and even food with each other．For example，
some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow．But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants ．Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web．
[6]此处While为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为“而……，然而”。
[7]此处是动词-ing形式短语作方式状语。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other [8]．Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
[8]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。
会说话的植物一直是神话和传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事中——例如电影《阿凡达》，树可以与动物和人类沟通交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆类植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些正在啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物的警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会(通过真菌网络)向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像我们的互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来帮助阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
谢 谢！
