Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
非限制性定语从句
美文诵读 语法体悟
The popular film，Titanic，is about a beautiful and sad love story，①whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose．Rose was a young beautiful woman，②who went to America with her mother．Jack，③who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter．They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic，④where they had a happy time．Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose．Everyone will be moved by the selfless way，⑤in which most people can't behave in real life．Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him．⑥As is known to all，love is the strongest strength．And that's the reason ⑦why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story． ①是whose引导的非限制性定语从句； ②③是who引导的非限制性定语从句； ④是where引导的非限制性定语从句； ⑤是the way作先行词的非限制性定语从句； ⑥是as引导的非限制性定语从句； ⑦是why引导的非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充说明，与先行词之间用逗号隔开，删去非限制性定语从句，主句仍然意思清楚、结构完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词who，whom，whose，which，as；关系副词when，where。
一、关系词的指代作用及在非限制性定语从句中充当的句子成分
关系词 指代的先行词 充当的句子成分
关系代词 who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
which 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语/表语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语/表语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
The old man has a daughter，who is an artist．
这位老人有一个女儿，她是一名艺术家。(who在从句中作主语)
Mr Smith，whose foot was badly hurt，was quickly sent to the local hospital．
史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。(whose在从句中作定语)
He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free．
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。(when在从句中作时间状语)
They went to London，where they lived for six months．
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。(where在从句中作地点状语)
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，which/as is what his parents expect．
汤姆学习努力且乐于助人，这正是他父母所期望的。(which/as在从句中作主语)
I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which/as my classmates recommended to me．
上周我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，该书是我的同班同学向我推荐的。(which/as在从句中作宾语)
He seemed a foreigner，which/as in fact he was．
他好像是个外国人，确切地说，他就是。(which/as在从句中作表语)
[名师点津] (1)整个主句作先行词时，非限制性定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人并且作宾语的关系代词通常用whom。
Our doctor，whom we all liked very much，retired last week．
我们非常喜欢的那位医生上周退休了。
(3)与限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句中的whose指物时，相当于“the ＋名词＋of which”；when，where 相当于“介词＋which”。
The house，whose window(＝the window of which) is open，is mine．
窗户开着的那个房子是我的。
I still remember the day when (＝on which) I became a college student．
我仍然记得自己成为一名大学生的那一天。
On April 1st they flew to Beijing，where(＝in which) they stayed several days．
他们于四月一号乘飞机去北京，在那里住了几天。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，of whom，of which 前面可以加some/many/both/all等，表示部分或全部的人或物。
Many people，some of whom are not overweight，are going on a diet．
许多人在节食，其中一些人并不超重。
I have bought two pens，both of which write well．
我买了两只钢笔，都好写。
单句语法填空
①Our foreign teacher，____________ is a Canadian，teaches us in a very interesting way．
②Tom，____________ father is one of my old friends，came to see me from London．
③Molai built at the top of each small tree a bamboo platform，____________ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater．
④Our graduation will be held in July，______ which we will say goodbye to our teachers．
⑤Recently，an important volleyball game will be held in our campus，____________ will be not only meaningful but also exciting．
⑥Secondly，I can speak English correctly and fluently，____________ I think would be an advantage to communicate with the visitors．
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
说明的是先行词必不可少的情况 对先行词进行补充说明
关系词和先行词不用逗号分开 关系词和先行词用逗号分开
先行词只能是名词/代词 先行词是名词/代词/句子
可用that，why引导；关系代词作宾语时可省略 不可用that，why引导；关系代词作宾语时不可省略
译成“……的……” 常作为与主句并列的分句来翻译
[名师点津] 先行词为reason时，其后的非限制性定语从句只能用“for which”引导。
The reason，for which he couldn't reduce his consumption，wasn't given．
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。
单句语法填空
①The man ____________ I met in the street was an employer from a famous company．
②Last night I saw a very good film，________ was about the great thinker，Confucius．
③She and her family bicycle to work，______ helps them keep fit．
④The reason，____________ which he was absent from the meeting，wasn't given．
⑤His wife，____________ you met at my house，was bored too．
三、as，which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句通常位于主句之后，有时在主句之中，但不放在主句之前
常译为“正如……” 常译为“这/那……”，有时按限制性定语从句来译
As we all know，the situation of the real estate in this town is changing．
众所周知，这个城镇的房地产形势正在发生变化。
This book，which only appeared a year ago，has already gone through several editions．
仅仅一年前出版的这本书已经发行了好几版。
[名师点津] (1)在主谓宾(SVO)及主谓宾补(SVOC)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语的关系代词通常用 which，不用as。
It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all．
她这是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。
(2)在主谓宾(SVO)及主谓宾状(SVOA)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可用which或as。
I was useful to him，which/as he realised．
当时我能帮他，他意识到了这一点。
(3)在主(系)表(SP)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语及表语的关系代词都可用 which或as。
单句语法填空
①The weather turned out to be very cold，____________ was more than we could expect．
②____________ is often the case，we have worked out the production plan．
③He was not sick，____________ some of the other passengers were．
④His speech，____________ he had written on little bits of paper，seemed endless．
⑤His speech，____________ bored everyone，went on and on．
⑥The boy failed to pass his exam，________ made his mother very angry．
四、常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句
as we all know 众所周知
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as was expected 正如所预料的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as is often the case 这是常见的情况
1．(教材原句)If you take away the clauses，do the sentences still make sense
*make sense有道理；有意义
(1)make sense of 了解……的意义，懂得
(2)in a sense 在某一方面
in no sense 决不
(3)There is no sense (in) doing sth． 做某事是没有道理的
(4)common sense 常识
a sense of humour/responsibility 幽默感/责任感
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I can't make sense ____________ this article，but perhaps I will if I read it again．
②In ____________ sense，she was lucky，for she learned a lot from the experience．
③(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，现在为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。
As far as I'm concerned，_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
④(读后续写之主旨升华)在追求成功的道路上，我们绝不能放弃自己的梦想。
____________________________ abandon our dreams in the pursuit of success．
2．(教材原句)Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information
*essential adj．极其重要的，必不可少的 (essentially adv．本质上，根本上)
be essential for/to... 对……来说是重要的
It is essential (for sb．) to do sth． (对某人来说)做某事
是极其重要的
It is essential that... …… 是至关重要的
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Catching up to the fashion is not essential ____________ the happiness of all women．
②____________ (essential)，what we are suggesting is that the firm needs to change．
③(应用文写作之演讲稿)我们为即将到来的未来做好准备是至关重要的。
________________________________ ourselves prepared for the coming future．
④(读后续写之语言描写)“你做决定之前保持冷静是很重要的。”我的父亲说。
“____________________________________ before making a decision，”said my father．
3．(教材原句)We all deserve a second chance，I guess．
*deserve v．应得，应受到；值得
deserve to do 应该/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing sth． 应该/值得被……
deserve respect/praise 值得尊重/表扬
单句语法填空/一句多译/单句写作
①He has worked very hard and deserves ____________ (pass) the exam．
②It's generally recognized that what she has done for children deserves __________ (praise)．
③(应用文写作之观点表达)不管你是谁，你都应该得到平等的对待。
a．Whoever you are，you ________________________．(deserve＋n．)
b．Whoever you are，you ________________________．(deserve＋doing)
c．Whoever you are，you ________________________．(deserve＋to be done)
④因为他违反了规定，他应受惩罚。
Since he had broken the rule，he ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①who ②whose ③where ④in ⑤which ⑥which
即时训练2
①that/who/whom ②which ③which ④for ⑤whom
即时训练3
①which ②As ③which/as ④which/as ⑤which ⑥which
核心词汇
1．①of ②a ③there is no sense in getting upset about it now ④In no sense should we
2．①to/for ②Essentially ③It is essential that we (should) get ④It's essential for you to keep calm
3．①to pass ②praise/praising/to be praised ③a．deserve equal treatment b．deserve treating equally c．deserve to be treated equally ④deserved punishing/to be punished/punishment
7 / 7(共87张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主题语境 人与自我——积极的生活态度
非限制性定语从句
美文诵读
The popular film，Titanic，is about a beautiful and sad love story，①whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose．Rose was a young beautiful woman，②who went to America with her mother．Jack，③who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter．They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic，④where they had a happy time．Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose．Everyone will be moved by the
美文诵读
selfless way，⑤in which most people can't behave in real life．Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him．⑥As is known to all，love is the strongest strength．And that's the reason ⑦why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story．
语法体悟
①是whose引导的非限制性定语从句；
②③是who引导的非限制性定语从句；
④是where引导的非限制性定语从句；
⑤是the way作先行词的非限制性定语从句；
⑥是as引导的非限制性定语从句；
⑦是why引导的非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充说明，与先行词之间用逗号隔开，删去非限制性定语从句，主句仍然意思清楚、结构完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词who，whom，whose，which，as；关系副词when，where。
一、关系词的指代作用及在非限制性定语从句中充当的句子成分
关系词 指代的先行词 充当的句子成分
关系代词 who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
which 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语/表语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语/表语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
The old man has a daughter，who is an artist．
这位老人有一个女儿，她是一名艺术家。(who在从句中作主语)
Mr Smith，whose foot was badly hurt，was quickly sent to the local hospital．
史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。(whose在从句中作定语)
He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free．
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。(when在从句中作时间状语)
They went to London，where they lived for six months．
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。(where在从句中作地点状语)
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，which/as is what his parents expect．
汤姆学习努力且乐于助人，这正是他父母所期望的。(which/as在从句中作主语)
I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which/as my classmates recommended to me．
上周我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，该书是我的同班同学向我推荐的。(which/as在从句中作宾语)
He seemed a foreigner，which/as in fact he was．
他好像是个外国人，确切地说，他就是。(which/as在从句中作表语)
[名师点津] (1)整个主句作先行词时，非限制性定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人并且作宾语的关系代词通常用whom。
Our doctor，whom we all liked very much，retired last week．
我们非常喜欢的那位医生上周退休了。
(3)与限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句中的whose指物时，相当于“the ＋名词＋of which”；when，where 相当于“介词＋which”。
The house，whose window(＝the window of which) is open，is mine．
窗户开着的那个房子是我的。
I still remember the day when (＝on which) I became a college student．
我仍然记得自己成为一名大学生的那一天。
On April 1st they flew to Beijing，where(＝in which) they stayed several days．
他们于四月一号乘飞机去北京，在那里住了几天。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，of whom，of which 前面可以加some/many/both/all等，表示部分或全部的人或物。
Many people，some of whom are not overweight，are going on a diet．
许多人在节食，其中一些人并不超重。
I have bought two pens，both of which write well．
我买了两只钢笔，都好写。
即时训练1 单句语法填空
①Our foreign teacher，___ is a Canadian，teaches us in a very interesting way．
②Tom，_____ father is one of my old friends，came to see me from London．
③Molai built at the top of each small tree a bamboo platform，_____ he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater．
who
whose
where
④Our graduation will be held in July，__ which we will say goodbye to our teachers．
⑤Recently，an important volleyball game will be held in our campus，_____ will be not only meaningful but also exciting．
⑥Secondly，I can speak English correctly and fluently，_____ I think would be an advantage to communicate with the visitors．
in
which
which
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
说明的是先行词必不可少的情况 对先行词进行补充说明
关系词和先行词不用逗号分开 关系词和先行词用逗号分开
先行词只能是名词/代词 先行词是名词/代词/句子
可用that，why引导；关系代词作宾语时可省略 不可用that，why引导；关系代词作宾语时不可省略
译成“……的……” 常作为与主句并列的分句来翻译
[名师点津] 先行词为reason时，其后的非限制性定语从句只能用“for which”引导。
The reason，for which he couldn't reduce his consumption，wasn't given．
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。
即时训练2 单句语法填空
①The man _______________ I met in the street was an employer from a famous company．
②Last night I saw a very good film，_____ was about the great thinker，Confucius．
③She and her family bicycle to work，_____ helps them keep fit．
④The reason，___ which he was absent from the meeting，wasn't given．
⑤His wife，_____ you met at my house，was bored too．
that/who/whom
which
which
for
whom
三、as，which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句通常位于主句之后，有时在主句之中，但不放在主句之前
常译为“正如……” 常译为“这/那……”，有时按限制性定语从句来译
As we all know，the situation of the real estate in this town is changing．
众所周知，这个城镇的房地产形势正在发生变化。
This book，which only appeared a year ago，has already gone through several editions．
仅仅一年前出版的这本书已经发行了好几版。
[名师点津] (1)在主谓宾(SVO)及主谓宾补(SVOC)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语的关系代词通常用 which，不用as。
It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all．
她这是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。
(2)在主谓宾(SVO)及主谓宾状(SVOA)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可用which或as。
I was useful to him，which/as he realised．
当时我能帮他，他意识到了这一点。
(3)在主(系)表(SP)结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语及表语的关系代词都可用 which或as。
即时训练3 单句语法填空
①The weather turned out to be very cold，_____ was more than we could expect．
②___ is often the case，we have worked out the production plan．
③He was not sick，_________ some of the other passengers were．
④His speech，_________ he had written on little bits of paper，seemed endless．
⑤His speech，_____ bored everyone，went on and on．
⑥The boy failed to pass his exam，_____ made his mother very angry．
which
As
which/as
which/as
which
which
四、常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句
as we all know 众所周知
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as was expected 正如所预料的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as is often the case 这是常见的情况
1．(教材原句)If you take away the clauses，do the sentences still make sense
*make sense有道理；有意义
(1)make sense of 了解……的意义，懂得
(2)in a sense 在某一方面
in no sense 决不
(3)There is no sense (in) doing sth． 做某事是没有道理的
(4)common sense 常识
a sense of humour/responsibility 幽默感/责任感
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I can't make sense __ this article，but perhaps I will if I read it again．
②In __ sense，she was lucky，for she learned a lot from the experience．
of
a
③(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，现在为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。
As far as I'm concerned，_____________________________________.
④(读后续写之主旨升华)在追求成功的道路上，我们绝不能放弃自己的梦想。
_____________________ abandon our dreams in the pursuit of success．
there is no sense in getting upset about it now
In no sense should we
2．(教材原句)Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information
*essential adj．极其重要的，必不可少的 (essentially adv．本质上，根本上)
be essential for/to... 对……来说是重要的
It is essential (for sb．) to do sth． (对某人来说)做某事是极其重要的
It is essential that... ……是至关重要的
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Catching up to the fashion is not essential _______ the happiness of all women．
②___________ (essential)，what we are suggesting is that the firm needs to change．
to/for
Essentially
③(应用文写作之演讲稿)我们为即将到来的未来做好准备是至关重要的。
______________________________ ourselves prepared for the coming future．
④(读后续写之语言描写)“你做决定之前保持冷静是很重要的。”我的父亲说。
“_____________________________ before making a decision，”said my father．
It is essential that we (should) get
It's essential for you to keep calm
3．(教材原句)We all deserve a second chance，I guess．
*deserve v．应得，应受到；值得
deserve to do 应该/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing sth． 应该/值得被……
deserve respect/praise 值得尊重/表扬
即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译/单句写作
①He has worked very hard and deserves _______ (pass) the exam．
②It's generally recognized that what she has done for children deserves _______________________________ (praise)．
③(应用文写作之观点表达)不管你是谁，你都应该得到平等的对待。
a．Whoever you are，you _______________________．(deserve＋n．)
to pass
praise/praising/to be praised
deserve equal treatment
b．Whoever you are，you ________________________．(deserve＋doing)
c．Whoever you are，you ____________________________．(deserve＋to be done)
④因为他违反了规定，他应受惩罚。
Since he had broken the rule，he _______________________________
___________________．
deserve treating equally
deserve to be treated equally
deserved punishing/to be
punished/punishment
课时提升作业(二) (Unit 1 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．It is essential that our pilots ___________________ (give) the best possible training．
2．His speech left a lasting __________ (impress) on everyone who heard it．
(should) be given
impression
3．It is necessary to explain your theory at length，otherwise the audience won't make sense __ what you are trying to get across．
4．In terms of scenery，Beijing is a place that deserves _______________________ (visit)．
5．There are many storybooks on the shelf，most of _____ are written in English．
6．__ is expected，AI is an area where China may appear as a leading force．
of
visiting/to be visited
which
As
7．He was late for the meeting，_____ made the chairman very angry．
8．The composer，_____ works were best loved，once worked in this amusement park．
9．The clown doctor，___ wears a curly wig，is popular with the little patients in the hospital．
10．We walked down the village street，_____ people were having a market day．
which
whose
who
where
Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．说实话，我不喜欢你跟我讲话的方式。
To be frank，I don't like the way _____________________________．
2．上周日，我们学校在南山脚下举行了一场五公里的越野赛，所有高三的学生都参加了。(非限制性定语从句)
Last Sunday，our school held a five-kilometer cross-country race at the foot of the south hill，________________________________________
_____________．
(that/in which) you talk with me
in which all the students in senior three got
involved
3．正如谚语所说：“失败是成功之母。”
_______________________，“Failure is the mother of success．”
4．本次采访将安排在下周六上午9点至11点，主题是“中英文化交流”。
This interview will be scheduled from nine to eleven next Saturday morning，__________________________________“Bridging Cultures Between Britain and China”．
5．著名作家张教授会给我们做报告，他以其独特的文学风格而闻名。
The lecture will be given by Professor Zhang，___________________________
______________．
Just as the saying goes
whose topic/the topic of which is
who is known for his unique
literary style
Ⅲ．语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
A Girl Who Has a Gift for Drawing
I went to an exhibition last month，1．_____ I admired a lot of wonderful paintings．Mary，2．_____ drawings were shown at the exhibition，is a model student 3．_________ is often praised for her good work at school．As soon as we got into the exhibition hall，4．_____ the paintings were on show，our eyes were caught by a very large picture，5．_____ was hung on the wall in front of us．The horse
where
whose
who/that
where
which
6．___________ was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse．The man，7．___ was riding on it，looked like a living man．It was the best picture 8．____ I had ever seen and it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she succeeded．
that/which
who
that
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
It's well-known that humour can benefit us both physically and mentally．The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times．In his 1905 book，Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，Sigmund Freud argued that humour is the highest level of the psyche's defense mechanism (机制)，capable of turning anxiety into pleasure．
There are four humour styles．Affiliative humour refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny，which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh．If you've ever shared a funny picture with a co-worker，you've used affiliative humour．Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself，often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result．Aggressive humour is laughing at the expense of others，which often involves sarcasm (讽刺)，teasing and criticism．Self-defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers，which is possibly used by someone who's targeted by bullies．
Each style of humour actually carries a different influence，when it comes to mental health．Julie Aitken Schermer，a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario，says people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others．By contrast，both aggressive and self-defeating humour styles can hint at trouble．“We find that self-defeating humour is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering．Those with an aggressive humour style may not experience loneliness as much，however，since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers，”says Schermer．
Even if you tend to favor more negative humour styles，there's no reason to lose heart．Schermer says people can develop a positive，self-enhancing humour style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life．As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote，“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties．I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书——Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious介绍了四种不同的幽默类型。
1．Why is Sigmund Freud's book mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of mental health．
B．To stress the role of humour．
C．To persuade people to stay positive．
D．To introduce ancient jokes to us．
√
B [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选B。]
2．According to the text，which kind of humour may you use to relieve pressure
A．Affiliative humour．
B．Self-enhancing humour．
C．Aggressive humour．
D．Self-defeating humour．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself，often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result．”可知，自我提升式幽默可用于缓解压力。故选B。]
3．What does the underlined phrase“hint at”probably mean in the third paragraph
A．Signal． B．Explain．
C．Prevent． D．Solve．
√
A [词义猜测题。根据画线部分上文“Julie Aitken Schermer，a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario，says people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others．By contrast，both aggressive and self-defeating humour styles...”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性的和自我挫败式的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故画线部分意思是“暗示”。故选A。]
4．Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with
A．Humour is difficult to control．
B．Crying is a good way of relief．
C．Humour is a double-edged sword．
D．Laughter is the best cure for stress．
√
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties．I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward．”可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢笑，由此可推知，他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法。”这一观点。故选D。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
We've all heard the expression，“Money doesn't buy happiness．”Since happiness is a side effect of laughter，shift your focus from the secret of happiness to experiences that bring you laughter．Instead of asking yourself“How can I be happy？”，ask“What makes me laugh？”This approach creates space for more actionable practices． 1 .
·Look at the situation through a child's eyes．
When times get stressful，take a moment to think about how you saw things as a kid．The more we can experience that childlike wonder and enthusiasm，the less we sweat even the big stuff．
·Add laughter to your mornings．
2 Therefore，laughter should be right up there with brushing your teeth on your priority list．If you're short on time，kill two birds and brush your teeth to a funny clip (短视频)!
·Learn to laugh at yourself．
Relieving yourself of pressure is the joy of learning to laugh at yourself．It also allows you to show more of your true self． 3 And set an intention to find humor in hardship．Merely laughing will fight off depression and fill you with light．
· 4 .
There is no better way to practice laughing at yourself than going outside your comfort zone．From learning German to taking up Rollerblade and Zumba，plenty of new activities will fuel your laughter．With so many ways to laugh more，why wait for your bit of happiness？ 5 A bit of laughter can be the best medicine!
A．Hang out with friends．
B．Take up something new．
C．Permit yourself to be silly．
D．Morning routines set the tone for the entire day．
E．Read on four ways to get your daily amount of laughter．
F．Money doesn't buy happiness but it can help us find happiness．
G．Instead，try any of the ideas above，and start feeling better now．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了一些每天保持开心的方法。
1．E [由上文“Instead of...actionable practices．”可知，文章主要在讲怎样才能让我们快乐和笑，而下文又分四个小点来给读者提供一些保持开心的方法。E项有启下作用。故选E。]
2．D [由本段小标题以及下文可知，本段主要讲笑应该从早上就开始，和刷牙一样成为每天都做的事情。所以D项符合语境。故选D。]
3．C [由本段小标题以及上文可知，本段主要是在讲要学会自我取笑来减压，换句话说，即允许自己犯错做傻事。C项和上文laugh at yourself以及下文切合，符合语境。故选C。]
4．B [由下文“From learning German to taking up...will fuel your laughter．”可知，这段主要是在讲参加新活动也会让你开怀大笑。所以B项和下文 new activities 对应，符合文意。故选B。]
5．G [由上文“With so many ways to laugh more，why wait for your bit of happiness？”可知，这里是作总结，G项中any of the ideas above有总结作用，和上文many ways对应。故选G。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I worked as a waitress at a bar inside a health-food grocery store．Most of our 1 were well-off retirees and 30-something men hoping to make a deal with someone．They were generally rich but 2 ．
Forgetting to bring salt to some might be a huge offense (冒犯)，but automatically bringing it causes others to give you a(n) 3 about sodium (钠) intake．It is a(n) 4 balancing act．
It was St Patrick's Day and we were short-staffed．Needless to say，it was a crazy evening with me 5 around serving everything，and making sure no one was becoming 6 ．
The bar supervisor always liked to have food specials 7 for people to see．It generally just caused us to get mean looks when we told people they probably shouldn't 8 it，as it was a sample (样品) and had been sitting out for hours．
As the night was beginning to slow down，I had an older couple sit at the only open seats—next to our food displays．I was 9 tables and leaned over to let them know I'd be right back，and 10 a plate I was carrying，dropped right into the food display．The sauce of the food flew up，and then 11 right into the man's lap．
I was 12 and apologizing in a panic while trying to set down the mountain of dishes．The man looked up at me and said，“I just have one thing to tell you．”He slowly leaned in—at which point I was thinking he was about to 13 in my face—and he said，“I don't have to fart (放屁) anymore because you 14 it out of me．”It was the laugh I needed that night，and he wouldn't even let me give him a free beer as a(n) 15 ．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者当服务员的经历。在一个很忙的晚上，作者全场跑来跑去，在稍微晚一点的时候，不小心将陈列的样品菜的酱汁滴在了顾客腿上，作者很害怕，不停地道歉。顾客却没有生气，而是开玩笑化解了尴尬的局面。
1．A．bosses B．customers
C．colleagues D．neighbors
√
B [根据前文“I worked as a waitress at a bar”可知，此处指酒吧的客人。故选B。]
2．A．old B．embarrassed
C．tense D．delighted
√
A [根据前文“well-off retirees”可知，他们年龄偏大。故选A。]
3．A．debate B．argument
C．meeting D．lecture
√
D [根据前文“Forgetting to bring salt to some might be a huge offense...”可知，不拿盐会被说，如果主动提供盐，顾客可能又会训斥你，表明服务员难做。故选D。]
4．A．easy B．quick
C．boring D．difficult
√
D [根据前文拿盐与不拿盐都会引起顾客的不满可知，这是种很难平衡的行为。故选D。]
5．A．rushing B．staying
C．competing D．spitting
√
A [根据前文“we were short-staffed”可知，作者需要跑来跑去，服务每一桌客人。故选A。]
6．A．determined B．annoyed
C．frightened D．pleased
√
B [根据前文说酒吧的顾客很难对付可知，此处表示作者在这么忙并且服务人员短缺的情况下，尽可能地不让顾客生气。故选B。]
7．A．on display B．in demand
C．in need D．under repair
√
A [根据后文“as it was a sample and had been sitting out for hours”及“next to our food displays”可知，此处表示把特色菜摆出来。故选A。]
8．A．see B．cook
C．eat D．sell
√
C [根据后文“as it was a sample and had been sitting out for hours”可知，此处表示样品不能吃。故选C。]
9．A．washing B．booking
C．clearing D．beating
√
C [根据后文“a plate I was carrying，dropped right into the food display”可知，此处表示清理桌子，端走盘子。故选C。]
10．A．slowly B．effectively
C．usually D．suddenly
√
D [根据后文语境可知，此处表示作者正在收盘子，盘子突然掉下去了。故选D。]
11．A．jumped B．dropped
C．rose D．crashed
√
B [根据前文的“酱汁飞溅起来”可知，最终酱汁滴落在了男士的腿上。故选B。]
12．A．horrified B．relaxed
C．excited D．confused
√
A [根据后文“apologizing in a panic”可知，此处表示作者感到很害怕。故选A。]
13．A．run B．spit
C．flash D．speak
√
B [顾客腿上被滴落了酱汁，再根据空后“in my face”可知，此处表示作者以为顾客要往她脸上吐唾沫。故选B。]
14．A．took B．used
C．scared D．pulled
√
C [根据前文作者把盘子弄掉了，将酱汁溅到了顾客腿上并结合常识可知，这一突然的行为把顾客吓到了，顺便把屁吓了出来。故选C。]
15．A．task B．gift
C．allowance D．apology
√
D [根据前文作者将酱汁弄到了顾客的腿上可知，此处表示作者想免费给顾客提供啤酒以表歉意。故选D。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The British opinion about humour may make people feel 1．____________(puzzle)at first．British humour can feel like 2．_____ whole new language．But don't worry．We've put together a beginner's guide for foreigners．The key to 3．__________________
(understand) British humour is knowing not to take yourself too 4．____________(serious)．Our humour is to pay special attention 5．____ our own faults or weaknesses．We joke about our failures so as to appear more friendly．
puzzled
a
understanding
seriously
to
British people are famous for having great 6．_________(polite)，but a sign that a British likes you is that he/she happily“offends”you with interesting remarks．An important part of mastering British humour is judging 7．____________ the people you are with find funny．
politeness
what
Humour 8．____________(use) by British people to lighten even the most unfortunate，unhappy moments．There are few subjects we don't joke about．We don't have a plan 9．____________(shock) others and make others unhappy．British people only turn to laughter as a form of medicine when life knocks them．Bad luck and failure 10．_______(be) ordinary in British comedy—if the jokes are proper for the situation．In most cultures，there is a time and place for humour．In Britain，this is not the case．
is used
to shock
are
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于初学者来说，英式幽默像是一种全新的语言，理解英式幽默的关键在于“不要太把自己当回事”，英式幽默是英国人喜欢你的表现，幽默被英国人用来使人感到不那么悲伤。
1．puzzled [考查词性转换。句意：一开始，英国人对幽默的看法可能会让人感到困惑。本空在句中作表语，故应用形容词，此处表示“让人感到困惑的”，故本空应用形容词puzzled(困惑的)。]
2．a [考查冠词。句意：英式幽默就像是一种全新的语言。空后名词language为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故本空应用不定冠词a。]
3．understanding [考查非谓语动词。句意：理解英式幽默的关键是不要太把自己当回事。the key to doing sth．意为“做某事的关键”，to为介词，故本空应用动词-ing形式understanding。]
4．seriously [考查词性转换。句意见上题。take sb．(too) seriously意为“把某人(太)当回事”，故本空应用副词seriously作状语修饰动词take。]
5．to [考查介词。句意：我们的幽默是特别注意自己的缺点或弱点。pay attention to意为“注意……”，故本空应用介词to。]
6．politeness [考查词性转换。句意：英国人以非常有礼貌而闻名，但是一个英国人喜欢你的标志就是他/她很高兴地用有趣的评论“冒犯”你。根据空前形容词great可知，本空应用名词politeness。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。句意：掌握英式幽默的一个重要部分就是判断和你在一起的人觉得什么有趣。本句中“________ the people you are with find funny”是宾语从句，本空在从句中作宾语，故应用what引导宾语从句。]
8．is used [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：幽默被英国人用来使人感到不那么悲伤，甚至是在最不幸、最不愉快的时刻。本句阐述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时；且句子主语Humour为单数且与谓语动词之间为被动关系。故填is used。]
9．to shock [考查非谓语动词。have a plan to do sth．意为“有计划做某事”，此处的to do不定式用来表示目的。故填to shock。]
10．are [考查谓语动词。全文时态为一般现在时，本句主语为复数。故填are。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(二)
(Unit 1 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．It is essential that our pilots ________________ (give) the best possible training．
2．His speech left a lasting ____________ (impress) on everyone who heard it．
3．It is necessary to explain your theory at length，otherwise the audience won't make sense ____________ what you are trying to get across．
4．In terms of scenery，Beijing is a place that deserves ____________ (visit)．
5．There are many storybooks on the shelf，most of ____________ are written in English．
6．____________ is expected，AI is an area where China may appear as a leading force．
7．He was late for the meeting，____________ made the chairman very angry．
8．The composer，____________ works were best loved，once worked in this amusement park．
9．The clown doctor，____________ wears a curly wig，is popular with the little patients in the hospital．
10．We walked down the village street，____________ people were having a market day．
Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．说实话，我不喜欢你跟我讲话的方式。
To be frank，I don't like the way ________________________．
2．上周日，我们学校在南山脚下举行了一场五公里的越野赛，所有高三的学生都参加了。(非限制性定语从句)
Last Sunday，our school held a five-kilometer cross-country race at the foot of the south hill，________________________________________________．
3．正如谚语所说：“失败是成功之母。”
________________________，“Failure is the mother of success．”
4．本次采访将安排在下周六上午9点至11点，主题是“中英文化交流”。
This interview will be scheduled from nine to eleven next Saturday morning，____________________________________“Bridging Cultures Between Britain and China”．
5．著名作家张教授会给我们做报告，他以其独特的文学风格而闻名。
The lecture will be given by Professor Zhang，__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
Ⅲ．语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
A Girl Who Has a Gift for Drawing
I went to an exhibition last month，1．____________ I admired a lot of wonderful paintings．Mary，2．____________ drawings were shown at the exhibition，is a model student 3．____________ is often praised for her good work at school．As soon as we got into the exhibition hall，4．____________ the paintings were on show，our eyes were caught by a very large picture，5．____________ was hung on the wall in front of us．The horse 6．____________ was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse．The man，7．____________ was riding on it，looked like a living man．It was the best picture 8．____________ I had ever seen and it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she succeeded．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
It's well-known that humour can benefit us both physically and mentally．The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times．In his 1905 book，Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，Sigmund Freud argued that humour is the highest level of the psyche's defense mechanism (机制)，capable of turning anxiety into pleasure．
There are four humour styles．Affiliative humour refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny，which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh．If you've ever shared a funny picture with a co-worker，you've used affiliative humour．Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself，often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result．Aggressive humour is laughing at the expense of others，which often involves sarcasm (讽刺)，teasing and criticism．Self-defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain favor from your peers，which is possibly used by someone who's targeted by bullies．
Each style of humour actually carries a different influence，when it comes to mental health．Julie Aitken Schermer，a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario，says people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others．By contrast，both aggressive and self-defeating humour styles can hint_at trouble．“We find that self-defeating humour is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering．Those with an aggressive humour style may not experience loneliness as much，however，since they rely on group dynamics (群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers，”says Schermer．
Even if you tend to favor more negative humour styles，there's no reason to lose heart．Schermer says people can develop a positive，self-enhancing humour style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life．As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote，“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties．I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward．”
1．Why is Sigmund Freud's book mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show the importance of mental health．
B．To stress the role of humour．
C．To persuade people to stay positive．
D．To introduce ancient jokes to us．
2．According to the text，which kind of humour may you use to relieve pressure
A．Affiliative humour． B．Self-enhancing humour．
C．Aggressive humour． D．Self-defeating humour．
3．What does the underlined phrase“hint at”probably mean in the third paragraph
A．Signal． B．Explain． C．Prevent． D．Solve．
4．Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with
A．Humour is difficult to control．
B．Crying is a good way of relief．
C．Humour is a double-edged sword．
D．Laughter is the best cure for stress．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
We've all heard the expression，“Money doesn't buy happiness．”Since happiness is a side effect of laughter，shift your focus from the secret of happiness to experiences that bring you laughter．Instead of asking yourself“How can I be happy？”，ask“What makes me laugh？”This approach creates space for more actionable practices． 1
·Look at the situation through a child's eyes．
When times get stressful，take a moment to think about how you saw things as a kid．The more we can experience that childlike wonder and enthusiasm，the less we sweat even the big stuff．
·Add laughter to your mornings．
2 Therefore，laughter should be right up there with brushing your teeth on your priority list．If you're short on time，kill two birds and brush your teeth to a funny clip (短视频)!
·Learn to laugh at yourself．
Relieving yourself of pressure is the joy of learning to laugh at yourself．It also allows you to show more of your true self． 3 And set an intention to find humor in hardship．Merely laughing will fight off depression and fill you with light．
·_ 4 _
There is no better way to practice laughing at yourself than going outside your comfort zone．From learning German to taking up Rollerblade and Zumba，plenty of new activities will fuel your laughter．With so many ways to laugh more，why wait for your bit of happiness？ 5 A bit of laughter can be the best medicine!
A．Hang out with friends．
B．Take up something new．
C．Permit yourself to be silly．
D．Morning routines set the tone for the entire day．
E．Read on four ways to get your daily amount of laughter．
F．Money doesn't buy happiness but it can help us find happiness．
G．Instead，try any of the ideas above，and start feeling better now．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
I worked as a waitress at a bar inside a health-food grocery store．Most of our 1 were well-off retirees and 30-something men hoping to make a deal with someone．They were generally rich but 2 ．
Forgetting to bring salt to some might be a huge offense(冒犯)，but automatically bringing it causes others to give you a(n) 3 about sodium(钠) intake．It is a(n) 4 balancing act．
It was St Patrick's Day and we were short-staffed．Needless to say，it was a crazy evening with me 5 around serving everything，and making sure no one was becoming 6 ．
The bar supervisor always liked to have food specials 7 for people to see．It generally just caused us to get mean looks when we told people they probably shouldn't 8 it，as it was a sample(样品) and had been sitting out for hours．
As the night was beginning to slow down，I had an older couple sit at the only open seats—next to our food displays．I was 9 tables and leaned over to let them know I'd be right back，and 10 a plate I was carrying，dropped right into the food display．The sauce of the food flew up，and then 11 right into the man's lap．
I was 12 and apologizing in a panic while trying to set down the mountain of dishes．The man looked up at me and said，“I just have one thing to tell you．”He slowly leaned in—at which point I was thinking he was about to 13 in my face—and he said，“I don't have to fart (放屁) anymore because you 14 it out of me．”It was the laugh I needed that night，and he wouldn't even let me give him a free beer as a(n) 15 ．
1．A．bosses B．customers C．colleagues D．neighbors
2．A．old B．embarrassed
C．tense D．delighted
3．A．debate B．argument
C．meeting D．lecture
4．A．easy B．quick
C．boring D．difficult
5．A．rushing B．staying
C．competing D．spitting
6．A．determined B．annoyed
C．frightened D．pleased
7．A．on display B．in demand
C．in need D．under repair
8．A．see B．cook
C．eat D．sell
9．A．washing B．booking
C．clearing D．beating
10．A．slowly B．effectively
C．usually D．suddenly
11．A．jumped B．dropped
C．rose D．crashed
12．A．horrified B．relaxed
C．excited D．confused
13．A．run B．spit
C．flash D．speak
14．A．took B．used
C．scared D．pulled
15．A．task B．gift
C．allowance D．apology
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The British opinion about humour may make people feel 1．____________(puzzle)at first．British humour can feel like 2．____________ whole new language．But don't worry．We've put together a beginner's guide for foreigners．The key to 3．________(understand) British humour is knowing not to take yourself too 4．____________(serious)．Our humour is to pay special attention 5．____________ our own faults or weaknesses．We joke about our failures so as to appear more friendly．
British people are famous for having great 6．____________(polite)，but a sign that a British likes you is that he/she happily“offends”you with interesting remarks．An important part of mastering British humour is judging 7．____________ the people you are with find funny．
Humour 8．____________(use) by British people to lighten even the most unfortunate，unhappy moments．There are few subjects we don't joke about．We don't have a plan 9．____________(shock) others and make others unhappy．British people only turn to laughter as a form of medicine when life knocks them．Bad luck and failure 10．____________(be) ordinary in British comedy—if the jokes are proper for the situation．In most cultures，there is a time and place for humour．In Britain，this is not the case．
课时提升作业(二)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．(should) be given 2．impression 3．of 4．visiting/to be visited 5．which 6．As 7．which 8．whose 9．who 10．where
Ⅱ．1．(that/in which) you talk with me 2．in which all the students in senior three got involved 3．Just as the saying goes 4．whose topic/the topic of which is 5．who is known for his unique literary style
Ⅲ．1．where 2．whose 3．who/that 4．where 5．which 6．that/which 7．who 8．that
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4
B B A D
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
E D C B G
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B A D D A B A C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C D B A B C D
Ⅳ．1．puzzled 2．a 3．understanding 4．seriously 5．to 6．politeness 7．what 8．is used 9．to shock 10．are
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一本书——Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious介绍了四种不同的幽默类型。
1．B [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的作用。故选B。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself，often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result．”可知，自我提升式幽默可用于缓解压力。故选B。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据画线部分上文“Julie Aitken Schermer，a psychological researcher at The University of Western Ontario，says people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others．By contrast，both aggressive and self-defeating humour styles...”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下，攻击性的和自我挫败式的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦，故画线部分意思是“暗示”。故选A。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Laughter and tears are both responses to worries and anxieties．I prefer to laugh，since there is less cleaning up to do afterward．”可知，Kurt Vonnegut更喜欢笑，由此可推知，他可能同意“笑是治疗压力的最好方法。”这一观点。故选D。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了一些每天保持开心的方法。
1．E [由上文“Instead of...actionable practices．”可知，文章主要在讲怎样才能让我们快乐和笑，而下文又分四个小点来给读者提供一些保持开心的方法。E项有启下作用。故选E。]
2．D [由本段小标题以及下文可知，本段主要讲笑应该从早上就开始，和刷牙一样成为每天都做的事情。所以D项符合语境。故选D。]
3．C [由本段小标题以及上文可知，本段主要是在讲要学会自我取笑来减压，换句话说，即允许自己犯错做傻事。C项和上文laugh at yourself以及下文切合，符合语境。故选C。]
4．B [由下文“From learning German to taking up...will fuel your laughter．”可知，这段主要是在讲参加新活动也会让你开怀大笑。所以B项和下文 new activities 对应，符合文意。故选B。]
5．G [由上文“With so many ways to laugh more，why wait for your bit of happiness？”可知，这里是作总结，G项中any of the ideas above有总结作用，和上文many ways对应。故选G。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者当服务员的经历。在一个很忙的晚上，作者全场跑来跑去，在稍微晚一点的时候，不小心将陈列的样品菜的酱汁滴在了顾客腿上，作者很害怕，不停地道歉。顾客却没有生气，而是开玩笑化解了尴尬的局面。
1．B [根据前文“I worked as a waitress at a bar”可知，此处指酒吧的客人。故选B。]
2．A [根据前文“well-off retirees”可知，他们年龄偏大。故选A。]
3．D [根据前文“Forgetting to bring salt to some might be a huge offense...”可知，不拿盐会被说，如果主动提供盐，顾客可能又会训斥你，表明服务员难做。故选D。]
4．D [根据前文拿盐与不拿盐都会引起顾客的不满可知，这是种很难平衡的行为。故选D。]
5．A [根据前文“we were short-staffed”可知，作者需要跑来跑去，服务每一桌客人。故选A。]
6．B [根据前文说酒吧的顾客很难对付可知，此处表示作者在这么忙并且服务人员短缺的情况下，尽可能地不让顾客生气。故选B。]
7．A [根据后文“as it was a sample and had been sitting out for hours”及“next to our food displays”可知，此处表示把特色菜摆出来。故选A。]
8．C [根据后文“as it was a sample and had been sitting out for hours”可知，此处表示样品不能吃。故选C。]
9．C [根据后文“a plate I was carrying，dropped right into the food display”可知，此处表示清理桌子，端走盘子。故选C。]
10．D [根据后文语境可知，此处表示作者正在收盘子，盘子突然掉下去了。故选D。]
11．B [根据前文的“酱汁飞溅起来”可知，最终酱汁滴落在了男士的腿上。故选B。]
12．A [根据后文“apologizing in a panic”可知，此处表示作者感到很害怕。故选A。]
13．B [顾客腿上被滴落了酱汁，再根据空后“in my face”可知，此处表示作者以为顾客要往她脸上吐唾沫。故选B。]
14．C [根据前文作者把盘子弄掉了，将酱汁溅到了顾客腿上并结合常识可知，这一突然的行为把顾客吓到了，顺便把屁吓了出来。故选C。]
15．D [根据前文作者将酱汁弄到了顾客的腿上可知，此处表示作者想免费给顾客提供啤酒以表歉意。故选D。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于初学者来说，英式幽默像是一种全新的语言，理解英式幽默的关键在于“不要太把自己当回事”，英式幽默是英国人喜欢你的表现，幽默被英国人用来使人感到不那么悲伤。
1．puzzled [考查词性转换。句意：一开始，英国人对幽默的看法可能会让人感到困惑。本空在句中作表语，故应用形容词，此处表示“让人感到困惑的”，故本空应用形容词puzzled(困惑的)。]
2．a [考查冠词。句意：英式幽默就像是一种全新的语言。空后名词language为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故本空应用不定冠词a。]
3．understanding [考查非谓语动词。句意：理解英式幽默的关键是不要太把自己当回事。the key to doing sth．意为“做某事的关键”，to为介词，故本空应用动词-ing形式understanding。]
4．seriously [考查词性转换。句意见上题。take sb．(too) seriously意为“把某人(太)当回事”，故本空应用副词seriously作状语修饰动词take。]
5．to [考查介词。句意：我们的幽默是特别注意自己的缺点或弱点。pay attention to意为“注意……”，故本空应用介词to。]
6．politeness [考查词性转换。句意：英国人以非常有礼貌而闻名，但是一个英国人喜欢你的标志就是他/她很高兴地用有趣的评论“冒犯”你。根据空前形容词great可知，本空应用名词politeness。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。句意：掌握英式幽默的一个重要部分就是判断和你在一起的人觉得什么有趣。本句中“ the people you are with find funny”是宾语从句，本空在从句中作宾语，故应用what引导宾语从句。]
8．is used [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：幽默被英国人用来使人感到不那么悲伤，甚至是在最不幸、最不愉快的时刻。本句阐述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时；且句子主语Humour为单数且与谓语动词之间为被动关系。故填is used。]
9．to shock [考查非谓语动词。have a plan to do sth．意为“有计划做某事”，此处的to do不定式用来表示目的。故填to shock。]
10．are [考查谓语动词。全文时态为一般现在时，本句主语为复数。故填are。]
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