Period 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．(教材原句)The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．
*distant adj．遥远的；远处的；疏远的；冷淡的；不友好的；恍惚的；远亲的(distance n．距离)
(1)be (＋距离) distant from sth． 离某物(……)远
(2)in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方
keep sb．at a distance 对……冷淡；与……疏远
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Paul has to drive a very long __________ (distant) as part of his job．
②Just as the saying goes，a near neighbour is better than a ____________ (distance) cousin．
③(应用文写作之建议信)得知你的同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________，I am writing to give you some tips．
④(读后续写之环境描写)我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。
We can see the waterfall __________________________，whose sound can be heard ________________________ two miles．
2．(教材原句)The person who answered the call was not the captain's first choice．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree．
*answer the call响应号召
(1)answer the phone/a call 接听电话
answer the door 开门，应门
answer criticism/charges/accusations 就批评/指控/谴责作出解释
answer a need 满足需求
answer a description 与描述相符
answer for ..． 对……负责；担保
(2)answer to ..． ……的答案
in answer to... 作为对……的回答/答复
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I kept ringing the bell，but no one ____________ (answer) the door．
②A man ____________ (answer) the police's description was seen entering the building．
③(读后续写之行为描写)我保证他会通过考试，因为他最近一直在努力学习。
I will answer ____________ it that he will pass the exam，because he has been studying hard recently．
④年轻人应该响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
The young should ________________________________________ and join the army to defend their country．
3．(教材原句)The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals．
*in question 讨论中的；有疑问
call/bring/come into question 引起怀疑
beyond question 不容怀疑
without question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能；不允许
单句语法填空/单句写作
① Parents are ____________ question the first teachers of children，and usually the first teachers have much affection．
②I had planned to go shopping today，but with this heavy rain，it's ____________ of the question．
③The fact that they will answer the call is not ____________ question．
④(应用文写作之活动介绍)按照计划，教授解释了一些有疑问的事情。
As scheduled，the professor ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
4．(教材原句)After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected．
*be crowded with堆满；挤满；充满 [crowd vt．挤满；塞满；使……拥挤；涌入(脑海)；涌上(心头) n．人群；观众 crowded adj．拥挤的；挤满的；充满的]
(1)crowd in (on sb．) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；涌入(某人)脑海
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
crowd in/into (sth．) 大批地涌入(狭小的空间)
crowd around 聚集在……周围；聚拢
(2)a crowd of/crowds of 一群/成群……
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Before the Spring Festival，all shops are crowded ____________ shoppers．
②____________ (crowd) of people poured into the street．
③(应用文写作之景点介绍)这里也是顶级的旅游景点之一，每逢节假日都挤满了游客。
It is also one of the top-class scenic spots which ________________ visitors every day in holidays．
④(读后续写之情绪描写)随着过去的回忆涌入她的脑海，她突然悲伤地大哭起来。
With past memories __________________，she burst into tears with sadness．
5．(教材原句)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
adapt to 适应，适合(adapt v．使适应，使适合；改编，改写 adaptable adj．能适应的 adaptation n．改编本；适应)
(1)adapt oneself to... 使自己适应……
(2)be adapted from... 由……改编
be adapted for... 改编成……
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt ____________ the change．
②When you go to a new country，you must adapt ____________ (you) to new manners and customs．
③(应用文写作之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮我修改一出从我们的英语课本上改编的戏。
I was wondering if you could help me revise a play _____________________________
__________________________________________.
④(应用文写作之建议信)了解到你在适应新学校方面有困难，我写信是想给你一些建议。
Knowing that ________________________________________________，I'm writing to offer you some advice．
6．(教材原句)Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before．
*suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人(suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的 suspicion n．怀疑；嫌疑 suspected adj．疑似的)
(1)suspect (that)... 怀疑……
suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb．to be 猜想/猜疑某人是……
(2)be suspicious of 对……起疑
单句语法填空/句型转换
①The man was suspected ____________ stealing the car，so he was laid off．
②Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man ____________ (be) a pickpocket．
③They became ____________ (suspect) of his behavior and contacted the police．
④He suspected that his neighbour stole his money．
→He ________________________________________________ his money．
词汇 1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 2．generate v．产生，创造
微练 1．作弊被发现后，他深感耻辱。 He __________________________________________ after being caught cheating． 2．慈善活动成功地为穷人筹集了许多捐款。 The charity event successfully ________________________ for the poor people．
(教材原句)But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory．
*so...that...
(1)so＋
(2)such＋
单句写作/句式升级
①有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，所以他们把种子带回家，开辟了他们自己的菜园。
Some students ____________________________________ they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens．
②(读后续写之行为描写)他如此勤奋，一直在复习所学内容，直到半夜。
______________________________ he kept revising what he had learned until midnight．
③I was so shocked that I was struck dumb with my eyes wide open．(倒装句)
→________________________ that I was struck dumb with my eyes wide open．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①distance ②distant ③Learning that your classmates always keep you at a distance ④in the distance；at a distance of
2．①answered ②answering ③for ④answer the call
3．①beyond/without ②out ③in ④explained something in question
4．①with ②Crowds ③is crowded with ④crowding into her mind/crowding in on her
5．①to ②yourself ③adapted from our English textbook ④you have difficulty in adapting to the new school
6．①of ②to be ③suspicious ④suspected his neighbour of stealing
要点拾遗
1．felt a deep sense of disgrace 2．generated a lot of donations
句法句式
①get so interested in gardening that ②So hard-working was he that/He was so hard-working that ③So shocked was I
1 / 5(共73张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
主题语境 人与自然——自然科学研究成果
1．(教材原句)The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．
*distant adj．遥远的；远处的；疏远的；冷淡的；不友好的；恍惚的；远亲的(distance n．距离)
(1)be (＋距离) distant from sth． 离某物(……)远
(2)in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方
keep sb．at a distance 对……冷淡；与……疏远
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Paul has to drive a very long ________ (distant) as part of his job．
②Just as the saying goes，a near neighbour is better than a _______ (distance) cousin．
③(应用文写作之建议信)得知你的同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。
____________________________________________________，I am writing to give you some tips．
distance
distant
Learning that your classmates always keep you at a distance
④(读后续写之环境描写)我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。
We can see the waterfall _______________，whose sound can be heard ________________ two miles．
in the distance
at a distance of
2．(教材原句)The person who answered the call was not the captain's first choice．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree．
*answer the call响应号召
(1)answer the phone/a call 接听电话
answer the door 开门，应门
answer criticism/charges/accusations
就批评/指控/谴责作出解释
answer a need 满足需求
answer a description 与描述相符
answer for ... 对……负责；担保
(2)answer to ... ……的答案
in answer to... 作为对……的回答/答复
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I kept ringing the bell，but no one ________ (answer) the door．
②A man _________ (answer) the police's description was seen entering the building．
③(读后续写之行为描写)我保证他会通过考试，因为他最近一直在努力学习。
I will answer ___ it that he will pass the exam，because he has been studying hard recently．
answered
answering
for
④年轻人应该响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
The young should _______________ and join the army to defend their country．
answer the call
3．(教材原句)The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals．
*in question 讨论中的；有疑问
call/bring/come into question 引起怀疑
beyond question 不容怀疑
without question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能；不允许
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Parents are _______________ question the first teachers of children，and usually the first teachers have much affection．
②I had planned to go shopping today，but with this heavy rain，it's ___ of the question．
③The fact that they will answer the call is not __ question．
④(应用文写作之活动介绍)按照计划，教授解释了一些有疑问的事情。
As scheduled，the professor _______________________________．
beyond/without
out
in
explained something in question
4．(教材原句)After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected．
*be crowded with堆满；挤满；充满 [crowd vt．挤满；塞满；使……拥挤；涌入(脑海)；涌上(心头) n．人群；观众 crowded adj．拥挤的；挤满的；充满的]
(1)crowd in (on sb．) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；
涌入(某人)脑海
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
crowd in/into (sth．) 大批地涌入(狭小的空间)
crowd around 聚集在……周围；聚拢
(2)a crowd of/crowds of 群/成群……
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Before the Spring Festival，all shops are crowded ____ shoppers．
②_______ (crowd) of people poured into the street．
③(应用文写作之景点介绍)这里也是顶级的旅游景点之一，每逢节假日都挤满了游客。
It is also one of the top-class scenic spots which _______________ visitors every day in holidays．
with
Crowds
is crowded with
④(读后续写之情绪描写)随着过去的回忆涌入她的脑海，她突然悲伤地大哭起来。
With past memories ____________________________________，she burst into tears with sadness．
crowding into her mind/crowding in on her
5．(教材原句)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
adapt to 适应，适合(adapt v．使适应，使适合；改编，改写 adaptable adj．能适应的 adaptation n．改编本；适应)
(1)adapt oneself to... 使自己适应……
(2)be adapted from... 由……改编
be adapted for... 改编成……
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt __ the change．
②When you go to a new country，you must adapt ________ (you) to new manners and customs．
to
yourself
③(应用文写作之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮我修改一出从我们的英语课本上改编的戏。
I was wondering if you could help me revise a play _________________
________________．
④(应用文写作之建议信)了解到你在适应新学校方面有困难，我写信是想给你一些建议。
Knowing that _________________________________________，I'm writing to offer you some advice．
adapted from our
you have difficulty in adapting to the new school
English textbook
6．(教材原句)Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before．
*suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人(suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的 suspicion n．怀疑；嫌疑 suspected adj．疑似的)
(1)suspect (that)... 怀疑……
suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb．to be 猜想/猜疑某人是……
(2)be suspicious of 对……起疑
即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The man was suspected __ stealing the car，so he was laid off．
②Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man _____ (be) a pickpocket．
③They became __________ (suspect) of his behavior and contacted the police．
④He suspected that his neighbour stole his money．
→He ___________________________________ his money．
of
to be
suspicious
suspected his neighbour of stealing
词汇 1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．generate v．产生，创造
微练 1．作弊被发现后，他深感耻辱。
He _____________________________ after being caught cheating．
2．慈善活动成功地为穷人筹集了许多捐款。
The charity event successfully ___________________________ for the poor people．
felt a deep sense of disgrace
generated a lot of donations
(教材原句)But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory．
*so...that...
(1)so＋
(2)such＋
即学即练 单句写作/句式升级
①有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，所以他们把种子带回家，开辟了他们自己的菜园。
Some students _________________________________ they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens．
get so interested in gardening that
②(读后续写之行为描写)他如此勤奋，一直在复习所学内容，直到半夜。
____________________________________________________ he kept revising what he had learned until midnight．
③I was so shocked that I was struck dumb with my eyes wide open．(倒装句)
→________________ that I was struck dumb with my eyes wide open．
So hard-working was he that/He was so hard-working that
So shocked was I
课时提升作业(十三) (Unit 5 Understanding ideas)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：91.5分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．Some animals carry _____ (种子) from one place to another，so plants can spread to new places．
2．The current study has a larger ______ (样本) size than earlier studies．
seeds
sample
3．Now，I _______ (怀疑) that someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important．
4．The dam will ________ (产生) electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution．
5．If we look back at our _________ (祖先)，we'll see that they had a lot more hair on their bodies than we do now．
suspect
generate
ancestors
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The fact is that most people didn't believe his theory of _________ (evolve)．
2．A large amount of electricity in that country ____________ (generate) by nuclear reactors．
3．To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to _______ (distance) planets．
evolution
is generated
distant
4．Although I'm not a _________ (geology)，I have been collecting minerals for years．
5．There is a note on the door _______ (read)“No smoking！”
geologist
reading
Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
answer the call，be a disgrace，adapt to，be crowded with，in the distance
1．He practiced hard so as not to _____________ to his country in the competition．
2．A group of earth-friendly enterprises have _________________ by actively supporting green activities．
be a disgrace
answered the call
3．Your desk _______________ too many unnecessary things，including pieces of used papers and books．
4．In my opinion，it is much easier for a child to ________ a new environment than an adult．
5．As we walked along the beach，we saw a lighthouse ____________
_________．
is crowded with
adapt to
in the
distance
Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．俗话说：“入乡随俗。”(as引导定语从句)
__________________，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do．”
2．他如此有学问，所以我们非常赞赏他。(so...that...)
He is ________________________ we admire him very much．
3．当我沿街行走时，我偶遇了一个我的老朋友。(as 引导时间状语从句)
_____________________________，I came across an old friend of mine．
As the saying goes
so learned a person that
As I was walking down the street
4．男孩花了大约三个月的时间来适应新的校园环境。(adapt to)
It took the boy about three months ______________________________
___________．
5．这个耳熟能详的民间故事起源于唐朝。
This familiar folk tale _____________ the Tang Dynasty．
to adapt to the new school
dates back to
environment
Ⅴ．补全短文(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
Today we live in a time when the number of endangered species is the largest 1．___________ (有史以来) because 2．________________
______________________ (各种各样的人类活动导致) their habitats and climate being destroyed，which makes them hard to 3．________________________ (适应环境)．The biodiversity is 4．___________________ (不可能的)without humans'joint efforts and
of all time
a variety of human
adapt to the environment
out of the question
activities lead to
changes of our lifestyle．People should be told to 5．_______________
___________________________ (把动物视为自然的重要组成部分)．Not until people are aware of the importance of protecting animals can we meet the biodiversity goal．Please don't 6．________________ (怀疑我的观点)．I call on everyone to 7．_______________ (响应号召) of nature and make contributions．
regard animals as
suspect my opinion
answer the call
a significant part of nature
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past，after scientists warned that the cacao plant，from which chocolate is made，could be extinct within 25 years．
Over half of the world's chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d'Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature，rain，and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow．But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change，is expected to result in a loss of water from the ground，which scientists say could upset this balance．
According to the related data，a temperature rise of just 2.1℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050．Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous areas—many of which are currently preserved for wildlife．But a move of this scale could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation．
Part of the problem，according to Doug Hawkins，is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years．“Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern，high yielding strains and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential，more than 90% of the global cacao crops are produced by small farms with unimproved planting materials，”he said．“It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100，000 tons a year in the next few years．”
Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu．Using the controversial (有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR，they are trying to develop a type of the cacao plant，capable of surviving in dryer，warmer climates．If the team's work on the cacao plant is successful，it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground，and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可可树因为气候变化而面临灭绝的危险，现在科学家们正在努力研究新的可可树品种来适应变化的气候。
√
1．What do we know about chocolate from the text
A．Chocolate will disappear from the menu 25 years later．
B．Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries．
C．Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change．
D．A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家，因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B。]
2．What is the reason for the extinction of the cacao plant
A．The damaged ecosystem．
B．Water shortage caused by climate change．
C．The threat from illegal farming．
D．The changeable farming method．
√
B [推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，未来30年，气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水，这将破坏平衡。再根据第三段第一句可知，可可树灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B。]
3．What is the writer's attitude to the application of CRISPR to planting cacao trees
A．Objective． B．Unconcerned．
C．Supportive． D．Negative．
√
C [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，如果可可树的研究工作取得成功，就可以排除西非农民搬迁到高地的需要，甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。由此推知，作者的态度非常乐观，且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C。]
B
Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed！These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．
Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions．After that，even if carbon emissions drop to zero，two thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100．If emissions continue to rise at the current rate，the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100．Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes，representing five per cent，at most，of the ice volume seen today．
The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity，especially during droughts．It would also affect nature and tourism．
In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream．Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher，colder altitudes．If global carbon emissions are not cut，however，two thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100．
The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers．It used 2017 as its starting point．Unlike previous work，these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains．Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there．
Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning，deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice．The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk，but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能会在21世纪末融化，并分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。
4．What does the underlined word“doomed”mean in paragraph 1
A．Polluted． B．Discovered．
C．Endangered． D．Abandoned．
√
C [词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．”可知，冰川将在21世纪末融化，由此推知，画线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁。结合选项可知，画线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C。]
5．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting．
B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100．
C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented．
D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top．
√
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions...the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．”可推知，碳排放与冰川融化有很大关系。故选A。]
6．Why are the Asia's ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To explain how glacier melting came about．
B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem．
C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause．
D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting．
√
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰川融化问题的地方。故选D。]
7．What is the writer's attitude towards the future of glaciers
A．Objective． B．Optimistic．
C．Critical． D．Doubtful．
√
A [观点态度题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提到了为了改变这一情况人类可以采取的一些措施。由此推知，作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Prepare Houseplants for Fall
It would be easy to think that since houseplants live inside，they don't really experience seasons as their outdoor plants do． 1 However，it doesn't mean they don't know what's going on．They do．With that in mind，here is how to keep your plants happy when autumn comes．
2 Check to be sure that they are not bringing any insects along with them．Examine both sides of leaves for insects，as well as the soil．Also，clear the top of the soil of dead leaves before taking them in．
Remove any dead or dying leaves．Find any yellowing or brown leaves． 3 For brown or yellowing leaves，you can just cut off the unhealthy part．To make a plant healthier，you can also trim (修剪) healthy leaves．Also，don't forget to save larger pieces to plant!
Be mindful of extreme temperatures．Extreme hot or cold can stress (使……紧张) plants out． 4 Make sure they are not heated by heaters．Similarly，make sure they are far from windows or doors that open to the outside．
Repot (移植) if needed．Spring is the best time to repot houseplants because that's when they begin to grow rapidly．But if any of your babies have had an active summer and are too small for their pots，now is a good time as well．Lift the plant out of the pot and check how the roots look． 5 .
Be careful with watering．Over-watering is one of the most common houseplant mistakes．Unless you have especially thirsty species or a very dry home，wait at least a few days in between watering．
A．The plants under stress will die soon．
B．If they seem crowded，it is time to repot．
C．So be careful about where your plants are living．
D．Bring them in if they've been vacationing outside．
E．Pay attention to whether there are harmful insects．
F．It's true that they are provided more protection inside．
G．Cut off the leaves of these colours at the base or at the soil．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何准备让室内的植物应对秋天的来临。
1．F [根据空前“很容易想到，由于室内植物生活在室内，它们并不像室外植物那样真正经历季节。”以及空后“然而，这并不意味着它们不知道发生了什么。”可知，此处是在说室内植物在室内的情况。F项承接上文，并和下文的“However”相呼应。故选F。]
2．D [根据空后“检查确保他们没有携带任何昆虫。”以及末句“此外，在搬进来之前，清除土壤顶部的枯叶。”可知，此处是建议人们把室外的植物搬到室内。故选D。]
3．G [根据空后“对于棕色或黄色的叶子，你可以只剪掉不健康的部分。为了使植物更健康，你也可以修剪健康的叶子。”可知，此处是建议人们剪掉棕色或变黄的叶子。故选G。]
4．C [根据空后“确保它们没有被加热器加热。同样，确保它们远离打开的窗户或门。”可知，此空是在说植物生长的地方。故选C。]
5．B [本段是建议为植物移盆、移栽，根据空前“把植物从花盆里拿出来，看看它们的根是什么样子。”可知，B项可以承接上文。故选B。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
An orangutan (红毛猩猩) 1．____________ (observe) to use a tropical plant to treat a wound，2．____________ (mark) another example of animals relieving their illnesses with natural treatments，scientists reported on Thursday．
was observed
marking
Researchers witnessed Rakus，an adult male orangutan，pulled leaves from a medicinal plant 3．____________ (common) used by humans in Southeast Asia for pain and inflammation (发炎)．He chewed the leaves and then applied the plant's juices to an 4．____________ (injure) on his right cheek using his fingers．Afterward，he pressed the chewed leaves onto the wound as a make shift bandage，according to a study 5．____________ (publish) in Scientific Reports．
commonly
injury
published
While previous research has shown orangutans'searching 6．____________ medicinal plants，this is the first time an animal has been seen directly using a medicinal plant on a wound．Co-author Isabelle Laumer，a biologist at the Max Planck Institute，remarked that this behavior is quite 7．____________ (power) and unprecedented (史无前例的)．
The behavior was recorded in 2022 by field researcher Ulil Azhari at the Suaq Project in Indonesia．Photos show that 8．____________ wound healed within a month．
for
powerful
the
Although scientists have observed orangutans since 1994 in Gunung Leuser National Park，this behavior had not been seen before．It is possible 9．____________ Rakus learned the technique outside the study area，said co-author Caroline Schuppli．
that
Similar self-medication behaviors have been observed in other primates，such as chimpanzees and gorillas．They use plants to relieve stomach 10．____________ (issue) or get rid of parasites．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只红毛猩猩用一种热带植物治疗伤口，这是动物用自然疗法缓解疾病的又一个例子。
issues
1．was observed [考查动词时态、语态。根据下文“scientists reported on Thursday”可知，陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，主语An orangutan与谓语observe之间为被动关系。故填was observed。]
2．marking [考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，mark与上文之间为主动关系，用动词-ing形式作状语。故填marking。]
3．commonly [考查词性转换。副词commonly作状语，修饰动词used。故填commonly。]
4．injury [考查词性转换。an后接单数名词injury作宾语。故填injury。]
5．published [考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，study与publish之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作定语。故填published。]
6．for [考查介词。search for寻找，为固定短语。故填for。]
7．powerful [考查词性转换。形容词powerful作表语。故填powerful。]
8．the [考查冠词。特指这个伤口，用定冠词the。故填the。]
9．that [考查固定句式。It is possible that...“可能……”为固定句型。故填that。]
10．issues [考查名词复数。issue为可数名词，前无限定词修饰，用复数表示泛指，作宾语。故填issues。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十三)
(Unit 5 Understanding ideas)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：91.5分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．Some animals carry ____________ (种子) from one place to another，so plants can spread to new places．
2．The current study has a larger ____________ (样本) size than earlier studies．
3．Now，I ____________ (怀疑) that someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important．
4．The dam will ____________ (产生) electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution．
5．If we look back at our ____________ (祖先)，we'll see that they had a lot more hair on their bodies than we do now．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The fact is that most people didn't believe his theory of ____________ (evolve)．
2．A large amount of electricity in that country ____________ (generate) by nuclear reactors．
3．To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to ____________ (distance) planets．
4．Although I'm not a ____________ (geology)，I have been collecting minerals for years．
5．There is a note on the door ____________ (read)“No smoking！”
Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
answer the call，be a disgrace，adapt to，be crowded with，in the distance
1．He practiced hard so as not to ________________ to his country in the competition．
2．A group of earth-friendly enterprises have ________________ by actively supporting green activities．
3．Your desk ________________ too many unnecessary things，including pieces of used papers and books．
4．In my opinion，it is much easier for a child to ______________ a new environment than an adult．
5．As we walked along the beach，we saw a lighthouse ________________．
Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．俗话说：“入乡随俗。”(as引导定语从句)
____________________，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do．”
2．他如此有学问，所以我们非常赞赏他。(so...that...)
He is _____________________________________________ we admire him very much．
3．当我沿街行走时，我偶遇了一个我的老朋友。(as 引导时间状语从句)
________________________，I came across an old friend of mine．
4．男孩花了大约三个月的时间来适应新的校园环境。(adapt to)
It took the boy about three months ____________________________________．
5．这个耳熟能详的民间故事起源于唐朝。
This familiar folk tale ____________________ the Tang Dynasty．
Ⅴ．补全短文(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
Today we live in a time when the number of endangered species is the largest 1．________________ (有史以来) because 2．____________________________(各种各样的人类活动导致) their habitats and climate being destroyed，which makes them hard to 3．________________________ (适应环境)．The biodiversity is 4．________________ (不可能的)without humans' joint efforts and changes of our lifestyle．People should be told to 5．______________________________ (把动物视为自然的重要组成部分)．Not until people are aware of the importance of protecting animals can we meet the biodiversity goal．Please don't 6．____________________(怀疑我的观点)．I call on everyone to 7．________________________ (响应号召) of nature and make contributions．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past，after scientists warned that the cacao plant，from which chocolate is made，could be extinct within 25 years．
Over half of the world's chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d'Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature，rain，and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow．But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change，is expected to result in a loss of water from the ground，which scientists say could upset this balance．
According to the related data，a temperature rise of just 2.1℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050．Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous areas—many of which are currently preserved for wildlife．But a move of this scale could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation．
Part of the problem，according to Doug Hawkins，is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years．“Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern，high yielding strains and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential，more than 90% of the global cacao crops are produced by small farms with unimproved planting materials，”he said．“It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100，000 tons a year in the next few years．”
Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu．Using the controversial (有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR，they are trying to develop a type of the cacao plant，capable of surviving in dryer，warmer climates．If the team's work on the cacao plant is successful，it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground，and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world．
1．What do we know about chocolate from the text？
A．Chocolate will disappear from the menu 25 years later．
B．Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries．
C．Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change．
D．A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR．
2．What is the reason for the extinction of the cacao plant？
A．The damaged ecosystem．
B．Water shortage caused by climate change．
C．The threat from illegal farming．
D．The changeable farming method．
3．What is the writer's attitude to the application of CRISPR to planting cacao trees？
A．Objective． B．Unconcerned． C．Supportive． D．Negative．
B
Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers(冰川) of the Alps is doomed！These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．
Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions．After that，even if carbon emissions drop to zero，two thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100．If emissions continue to rise at the current rate，the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100．Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes，representing five per cent，at most，of the ice volume seen today．
The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity，especially during droughts．It would also affect nature and tourism．
In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream．Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher，colder altitudes．If global carbon emissions are not cut，however，two thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100．
The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers．It used 2017 as its starting point．Unlike previous work，these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains．Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there．
Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning，deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice．The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk，but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance．
4．What does the underlined word“doomed”mean in paragraph 1？
A．Polluted． B．Discovered．
C．Endangered． D．Abandoned．
5．What can we infer from paragraph 2？
A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting．
B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100．
C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented．
D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top．
6．Why are the Asia's ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4？
A．To explain how glacier melting came about．
B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem．
C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause．
D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting．
7．What is the writer's attitude towards the future of glaciers？
A．Objective． B．Optimistic．
C．Critical． D．Doubtful．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Prepare Houseplants for Fall
It would be easy to think that since houseplants live inside，they don't really experience seasons as their outdoor plants do． 1 However，it doesn't mean they don't know what's going on．They do．With that in mind，here is how to keep your plants happy when autumn comes．
2 Check to be sure that they are not bringing any insects along with them．Examine both sides of leaves for insects，as well as the soil．Also，clear the top of the soil of dead leaves before taking them in．
Remove any dead or dying leaves．Find any yellowing or brown leaves． 3 For brown or yellowing leaves，you can just cut off the unhealthy part．To make a plant healthier，you can also trim (修剪) healthy leaves．Also，don't forget to save larger pieces to plant！
Be mindful of extreme temperatures．Extreme hot or cold can stress (使……紧张) plants out． 4 Make sure they are not heated by heaters．Similarly，make sure they are far from windows or doors that open to the outside．
Repot (移植) if needed．Spring is the best time to repot houseplants because that's when they begin to grow rapidly．But if any of your babies have had an active summer and are too small for their pots，now is a good time as well．Lift the plant out of the pot and check how the roots look． 5
Be careful with watering．Over-watering is one of the most common houseplant mistakes．Unless you have especially thirsty species or a very dry home，wait at least a few days in between watering．
A．The plants under stress will die soon．
B．If they seem crowded，it is time to repot．
C．So be careful about where your plants are living．
D．Bring them in if they've been vacationing outside．
E．Pay attention to whether there are harmful insects．
F．It's true that they are provided more protection inside．
G．Cut off the leaves of these colours at the base or at the soil．
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
An orangutan (红毛猩猩) 1．____________ (observe) to use a tropical plant to treat a wound，2．____________ (mark) another example of animals relieving their illnesses with natural treatments，scientists reported on Thursday．
Researchers witnessed Rakus，an adult male orangutan，pulled leaves from a medicinal plant 3．____________ (common) used by humans in Southeast Asia for pain and inflammation (发炎)．He chewed the leaves and then applied the plant's juices to an 4．____________ (injure) on his right cheek using his fingers．Afterward，he pressed the chewed leaves onto the wound as a make shift bandage，according to a study 5．____________ (publish) in Scientific Reports．
While previous research has shown orangutans' searching 6．____________ medicinal plants，this is the first time an animal has been seen directly using a medicinal plant on a wound．Co-author Isabelle Laumer，a biologist at the Max Planck Institute，remarked that this behavior is quite 7．____________ (power) and unprecedented (史无前例的)．
The behavior was recorded in 2022 by field researcher Ulil Azhari at the Suaq Project in Indonesia．Photos show that 8．____________ wound healed within a month．
Although scientists have observed orangutans since 1994 in Gunung Leuser National Park，this behavior had not been seen before．It is possible 9．____________ Rakus learned the technique outside the study area，said co-author Caroline Schuppli．
Similar self-medication behaviors have been observed in other primates，such as chimpanzees and gorillas．They use plants to relieve stomach 10．____________ (issue) or get rid of parasites．
课时提升作业(十三)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．seeds 2．sample 3．suspect 4．generate 5．ancestors
Ⅱ．1．evolution 2．is generated 3．distant 4．geologist 5．reading
Ⅲ．1．be a disgrace 2．answered the call 3．is crowded with 4．adapt to 5．in the distance
Ⅳ．1．As the saying goes 2．so learned a person that 3．As I was walking down the street 4．to adapt to the new school environment 5．dates back to
Ⅴ．1．of all time 2．a variety of human activities lead to 3．adapt to the environment 4．out of the question 5．regard animals as a significant part of nature 6．suspect my opinion 7．answer the call
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B B C C A D A
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
F D G C B
Ⅲ．1．was observed 2．marking 3．commonly 4．injury 5．published 6．for 7．powerful 8．the 9．that 10．issues
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可可树因为气候变化而面临灭绝的危险，现在科学家们正在努力研究新的可可树品种来适应变化的气候。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家，因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，未来30年，气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水，这将破坏平衡。再根据第三段第一句可知，可可树灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B。]
3．C [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，如果可可树的研究工作取得成功，就可以排除西非农民搬迁到高地的需要，甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。由此推知，作者的态度非常乐观，且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能会在21世纪末融化，并分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。
4．C [词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．”可知，冰川将在21世纪末融化，由此推知，画线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁。结合选项可知，画线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C。]
5．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions...the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．”可推知，碳排放与冰川融化有很大关系。故选A。]
6．D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰川融化问题的地方。故选D。]
7．A [观点态度题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提到了为了改变这一情况人类可以采取的一些措施。由此推知，作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何准备让室内的植物应对秋天的来临。
1．F [根据空前“很容易想到，由于室内植物生活在室内，它们并不像室外植物那样真正经历季节。”以及空后“然而，这并不意味着它们不知道发生了什么。”可知，此处是在说室内植物在室内的情况。F项承接上文，并和下文的“However”相呼应。故选F。]
2．D [根据空后“检查确保他们没有携带任何昆虫。”以及末句“此外，在搬进来之前，清除土壤顶部的枯叶。”可知，此处是建议人们把室外的植物搬到室内。故选D。]
3．G [根据空后“对于棕色或黄色的叶子，你可以只剪掉不健康的部分。为了使植物更健康，你也可以修剪健康的叶子。”可知，此处是建议人们剪掉棕色或变黄的叶子。故选G。]
4．C [根据空后“确保它们没有被加热器加热。同样，确保它们远离打开的窗户或门。”可知，此空是在说植物生长的地方。故选C。]
5．B [本段是建议为植物移盆、移栽，根据空前“把植物从花盆里拿出来，看看它们的根是什么样子。”可知，B项可以承接上文。故选B。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只红毛猩猩用一种热带植物治疗伤口，这是动物用自然疗法缓解疾病的又一个例子。
1．was observed [考查动词时态、语态。根据下文“scientists reported on Thursday”可知，陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，主语An orangutan与谓语observe之间为被动关系。故填was observed。]
2．marking [考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，mark与上文之间为主动关系，用动词-ing形式作状语。故填marking。]
3．commonly [考查词性转换。副词commonly作状语，修饰动词used。故填commonly。]
4．injury [考查词性转换。an后接单数名词injury作宾语。故填injury。]
5．published [考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，study与publish之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式作定语。故填published。]
6．for [考查介词。search for寻找，为固定短语。故填for。]
7．powerful [考查词性转换。形容词powerful作表语。故填powerful。]
8．the [考查冠词。特指这个伤口，用定冠词the。故填the。]
9．that [考查固定句式。It is possible that...“可能……”为固定句型。故填that。]
10．issues [考查名词复数。issue为可数名词，前无限定词修饰，用复数表示泛指，作宾语。故填issues。]
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