Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
过去完成时
美文诵读 语法体悟
I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception．By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait．Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop．Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left．How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school．As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang．What an unforgettable morning！ 短文中的斜体部分都用了过去完成时态，其构成是had＋过去分词，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。
一、过去完成时的构成和用法
1．构成
肯定式 had＋过去分词
否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词
疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词
被动式 had been＋过去分词
2．用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语)或by the time，before，when，until等引导的时间状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house
——你们在找到安的家这方面有困难吗？
—Not really．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily．
——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的清楚的方位，我们能够容易地找到它。
By the end of 2024，he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps．
到2024年年底，他已经收集了一千多枚外国邮票。
(2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作，一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for，since等词连用。
It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days．
风已刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。
单句语法填空
①When I got to school I found that my classmate ____________ (leave)．
②The man said that he ____________ (write) about 300 pieces of music．
③John and Jane ____________ (know) each other for a long time before they got married．
④Instead of getting down to a new task as I ____________ (expect)，he examined the previous work again．
⑤He ____________ (hope) to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone．
⑥The twins，who ____________ (finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground．
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
1．在“no sooner...than...”“hardly...when...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain．
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the storm stopped when the children ran out to play in the yard．
暴风雨刚一停，孩子们就跑到院子里去玩了。
2．在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English．
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
3．在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”句型中，since从句用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing．
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
4．by the time ＋表示过去的从句＋主句(过去完成时)。
by the end of ＋表示过去的时间＋主句(过去完成时)。
By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone．
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
By the end of last term we had learnt about 500 English words．
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。
5．表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等的过去完成式表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．
我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物祝贺他的，可是我没有做到。
6．过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
Helen said (that) she had moved to another flat．
海伦说她已经搬到另一套公寓去了。
I didn't think about asking her if she had passed her examination．
我不想问她是否通过了考试。
7．用于虚拟语气。
If only we had listened to their advice!
我们要是听了他们的建议就好了！
I'd rather you hadn't been present．
我宁愿你当时不在场。
If I had asked for directions，I wouldn't have gotten lost．
我如果问一下路，就不会迷路了。
单句语法填空/补全句子
①It was the second time that the musician ____________ (tour) Europe．
②The audience had hardly been seated ____________ the saxophone solo started．
③If he ____________ (take) your advice，he would have passed the driving test．
④I would rather you ____________ (be) here yesterday．
⑤The doctor had no sooner told Rocky his mother was fine ________ he dashed into the room．
⑥He ____________ (learn) maths all by himself by the age of fourteen．
⑦We ________________________ (本期望你会来)，but you didn't．
⑧I ____________ (本来打算) to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor．
⑨She said that she ____________________________ (以前看过这部电影)．
⑩We __________________________ (已经建了5座桥) by the end of last year．
三、过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别
1．过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的。
2．一般过去时：以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响。
3．现在完成时：强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。
He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company．
在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。
He once worked on a farm for 10 years，and now he is the manager of the company．
他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。
I haven't seen her since she went abroad five years ago．
自从5年前她出国后我就没有见过她。
I met her at the airport yesterday．I hadn't seen her for five years since she went abroad．
我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。
[名师点津] (1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and，then，but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
He entered the room，turned on the light and sat down at the table．
他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
He said he went to the shop and bought some food．
他说他去商店买了一些食品。
(2)当一个由before，after，as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises．
做完早操后，我们吃了早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform．
他到达站台时火车刚开走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields．
他们一到地里就开始耕地。
单句语法填空
①He kept looking at her，wondering whether he ____________ (see) her somewhere before．
②By nine o'clock last night，we __________ (receive) more than 200 letters from the audience．
③They ____________ (intend) to arrive in Beijing before 10 o'clock，but the train was late．
④We ____________ (do) quite enough work for the morning，now let's take a break．
1．(教材原句)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．
*characteristic n．特征，特性 adj．典型的，独特的(character n．性格；特点；人物，角色)
(1)It is characteristic of sb．to do sth． 做某事是某人的特点
(2)a leading character 主角
in character 符合……的性格
out of character 不符合……的性格
单句语法填空/单句写作
①It's ____________ (character) of her to complain when in trouble．
②It is characteristic of students __________ (stay) up studying deep into the night for the final exam．
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)这本书的主角是一个能直面困难、永不言弃的人。
____________________________________ is a person who can face difficulties and never give up．
④(应用文写作之人物介绍)玛丽是我们的英语老师，甜美的嗓音是她最明显的特征。
Mary is our English teacher，and the sweet voice is __________________________．
2．(教材原句)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans．
*blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责
(1)blame sb．for... 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb． 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for (doing) sth． 对(做)某事负有责任/应承担责任/该受责备
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事的责任推到某人/某物身上
单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is my fault，so I am ____________ (blame) for Miller's accident．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ____________ the alarm clock．
③ ____________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits．
④(应用文写作之环境保护)很明显，湿地的破坏应归咎于人类。
Obviously，it is human beings that should ____________________________________ the destruction of the wetland．
3．(教材原句)After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined．
*decline v．减少；衰退；谢绝；婉言拒绝 n．减少；下降；衰退
(1)decline by/to... 下降了/到……
decline to do sth． 拒绝做某事
(2)in decline/on the decline 在下降
a sharp decline in... 在……方面急剧下降
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The number of people who run the red light has been __________ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect．
②The number of tourists to the resort declined ____________ 10% last year．
③In spite of many invitations，he would always decline ____________ (visit) the university．
④(读后续写之动作描写)当我提出要为他的好心帮忙付钱时，他立刻摇了摇头，礼貌地拒绝了我的提议。
When I offered to pay him for his kind help，he shook his head instantly and ________________________．
4．(教材原句)The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is native to several species of giant tortoise...
*be native to 源于……的，原产于……[native adj．本地的；当地的；原产于某地的 n．本地人；当地人；本地的动(植)物]
(1)one's native tongue/language 某人的母语
one's native land/country 某人的故乡/祖国
(2)be a native of... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Many rare animals and plants are native ____________ this small island．
②Judging from his accent，he must be a native ____________ eastern coastal China．
③(应用文写作之建议信)直接向母语使用者学习一门语言，简直太棒了。
There's nothing like learning a language directly from ________________________．
④(应用文写作之介绍信)据说，这种虎产于印度。
It is said that the tiger __________________ India．
(教材原句)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．
*be＋adj．＋to do
在“主语＋be＋adj．＋to do”结构中，不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
单句写作
①(应用文写作之人物介绍)她总是热心帮助有需要的人。
She is always __________________________________________________________________.
②(应用文写作之感谢信)你能帮助我真是太好了。我真的很感激你的慷慨以及你在百忙之中抽出的时间。
____________________________________．I truly appreciate your generosity and the time you're taking out of your busy schedule．
③他发现这个句子很难理解。
He found that the sentence________________________________________________
________________________．
Period 4
语法精讲
即时训练1
①had left ②had written ③had known ④had expected ⑤had hoped ⑥had finished
即时训练2
①had toured ②when ③had taken ④had been ⑤than ⑥had learned ⑦had hoped that you would come
⑧had intended ⑨had seen the film before ⑩had built five bridges
即时训练3
①had seen ②had received ③had intended ④have done
核心词汇
1．①characteristic ②to stay ③The leading character in this book ④her most noticeable characteristic
2．①to blame ②on ③Blamed ④accept/bear/take the blame for/be to blame for
3．①on ②by ③to visit ④politely declined my offer
4．①to ②of ③a native speaker ④is native to
句法句式
①eager to help those in need ②It's very kind of you to help me ③was hard to understand
8 / 8(共91张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主题语境 人与自然——自然科学研究成果
过去完成时
美文诵读
I usually get to school early but yesterday was an exception．By the time I got up，my father had gone into the bathroom，so I had to wait．Then，I had a quick breakfast and ran to the bus stop．Unluckily，when I got there，the bus had just left．How upset I was！I had no choice but to walk to school．As a result，hardly had I run into my classroom when the bell rang．What an unforgettable morning！
语法体悟
短文中的斜体部分都用了过去完成时态，其构成是had＋过去分词，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。
一、过去完成时的构成和用法
1．构成
肯定式 had＋过去分词
否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词
疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词
被动式 had been＋过去分词
2．用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by，by the end of等介词(短语)或by the time，before，when，until等引导的时间状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house
——你们在找到安的家这方面有困难吗？
—Not really．She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily．
——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的清楚的方位，我们能够容易地找到它。
By the end of 2024，he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps．
到2024年年底，他已经收集了一千多枚外国邮票。
(2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作，一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for，since等词连用。
It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days．
风已刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。
即时训练1 单句语法填空
①When I got to school I found that my classmate ________ (leave)．
②The man said that he ___________ (write) about 300 pieces of music．
③John and Jane _________ (know) each other for a long time before they got married．
④Instead of getting down to a new task as I ____________ (expect)，he examined the previous work again．
had left
had written
had known
had expected
⑤He _________ (hope) to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone．
⑥The twins，who ____________ (finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on the playground．
had hoped
had finished
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
1．在“no sooner...than...”“hardly...when...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain．
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the storm stopped when the children ran out to play in the yard．
暴风雨刚一停，孩子们就跑到院子里去玩了。
2．在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English．
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
3．在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”句型中，since从句用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing．
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
4．by the time ＋表示过去的从句＋主句(过去完成时)。
by the end of ＋表示过去的时间＋主句(过去完成时)。
By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone．
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
By the end of last term we had learnt about 500 English words．
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。
5．表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等的过去完成式表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．
我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物祝贺他的，可是我没有做到。
6．过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
Helen said (that) she had moved to another flat．
海伦说她已经搬到另一套公寓去了。
I didn't think about asking her if she had passed her examination．
我不想问她是否通过了考试。
7．用于虚拟语气。
If only we had listened to their advice!
我们要是听了他们的建议就好了！
I'd rather you hadn't been present．
我宁愿你当时不在场。
If I had asked for directions，I wouldn't have gotten lost．
我如果问一下路，就不会迷路了。
即时训练2 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It was the second time that the musician __________ (tour) Europe．
②The audience had hardly been seated ____ the saxophone solo started．
③If he _________ (take) your advice，he would have passed the driving test．
④I would rather you ________ (be) here yesterday．
⑤The doctor had no sooner told Rocky his mother was fine ____ he dashed into the room．
had toured
when
had taken
had been
than
⑥He ___________ (learn) maths all by himself by the age of fourteen．
⑦We _____________________________ (本期望你会来)，but you didn't．
⑧I ____________ (本来打算) to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor．
⑨She said that she ________________________ (以前看过这部电影)．
⑩We __________________ (已经建了5座桥) by the end of last year．
had learned
had hoped that you would come
had intended
had seen the film before
had built five bridges
三、过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别
1．过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的。
2．一般过去时：以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响。
3．现在完成时：强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。
He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company．
在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。
He once worked on a farm for 10 years，and now he is the manager of the company．
他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。
I haven't seen her since she went abroad five years ago．
自从5年前她出国后我就没有见过她。
I met her at the airport yesterday．I hadn't seen her for five years since she went abroad．
我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。
[名师点津] (1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and，then，but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
He entered the room，turned on the light and sat down at the table．
他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
He said he went to the shop and bought some food．
他说他去商店买了一些食品。
(2)当一个由before，after，as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises．
做完早操后，我们吃了早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform．
他到达站台时火车刚开走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields．
他们一到地里就开始耕地。
即时训练3 单句语法填空
①He kept looking at her，wondering whether he ________ (see) her somewhere before．
②By nine o'clock last night，we ____________ (receive) more than 200 letters from the audience．
③They ____________ (intend) to arrive in Beijing before 10 o'clock，but the train was late．
④We _________ (do) quite enough work for the morning，now let's take a break．
had seen
had received
had intended
have done
1．(教材原句)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．
*characteristic n．特征，特性 adj．典型的，独特的(character n．性格；特点；人物，角色)
(1)It is characteristic of sb．to do sth．
做某事是某人的特点
(2)a leading character 主角
in character 符合……的性格
out of character 不符合……的性格
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It's ______________ (character) of her to complain when in trouble．
②It is characteristic of students _______ (stay) up studying deep into the night for the final exam．
③(应用文写作之人物介绍)这本书的主角是一个能直面困难、永不言弃的人。
_____________________________ is a person who can face difficulties and never give up．
characteristic
to stay
The leading character in this book
④(应用文写作之人物介绍)玛丽是我们的英语老师，甜美的嗓音是她最明显的特征。
Mary is our English teacher，and the sweet voice is ________________
_________________．
her most noticeable
characteristic
2．(教材原句)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans．
*blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责
(1)blame sb．for... 因……而指责某人；
把……归咎于某 人
blame sth．on sb． 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for (doing) sth． 对(做)某事负有责任/应承担责任/该
受责备
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for...
对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth．on sb．/sth．
把某事的责任推到某人/某物身上
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is my fault，so I am ________ (blame) for Miller's accident．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame __ the alarm clock．
③________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits．
to blame
on
Blamed
④(应用文写作之环境保护)很明显，湿地的破坏应归咎于人类。
Obviously，it is human beings that should _______________________
__________________ the destruction of the wetland．
accept/bear/take the blame
for/be to blame for
3．(教材原句)After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined．
*decline v．减少；衰退；谢绝；婉言拒绝 n．减少；下降；衰退
(1)decline by/to... 下降了/到……
decline to do sth． 拒绝做某事
(2)in decline/on the decline 在下降
a sharp decline in... 在……方面急剧下降
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The number of people who run the red light has been __ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect．
②The number of tourists to the resort declined __ 10% last year．
③In spite of many invitations，he would always decline ________ (visit) the university．
on
by
to visit
④(读后续写之动作描写)当我提出要为他的好心帮忙付钱时，他立刻摇了摇头，礼貌地拒绝了我的提议。
When I offered to pay him for his kind help，he shook his head instantly and __________________________．
politely declined my offer
4．(教材原句)The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is native to several species of giant tortoise...
*be native to 源于……的，原产于……[native adj．本地的；当地的；原产于某地的 n．本地人；当地人；本地的动(植)物]
(1)one's native tongue/language 某人的母语
one's native land/country 某人的故乡/祖国
(2)be a native of... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Many rare animals and plants are native __ this small island．
②Judging from his accent，he must be a native __ eastern coastal China．
to
of
③(应用文写作之建议信)直接向母语使用者学习一门语言，简直太棒了。
There's nothing like learning a language directly from _____________．
④(应用文写作之介绍信)据说，这种虎产于印度。
It is said that the tiger ____________ India．
a native speaker
is native to
(教材原句)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．
*be＋adj．＋to do
在“主语＋be＋adj．＋to do”结构中，不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
即学即练 单句写作
①(应用文写作之人物介绍)她总是热心帮助有需要的人。
She is always ___________________________．
②(应用文写作之感谢信)你能帮助我真是太好了。我真的很感激你的慷慨以及你在百忙之中抽出的时间。
______________________________．I truly appreciate your generosity and the time you're taking out of your busy schedule．
③他发现这个句子很难理解。
He found that the sentence ______________________．
eager to help those in need
It's very kind of you to help me
was hard to understand
课时提升作业(十四) (Unit 5 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．品句填词/单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction _________ (遍及全世界)．
2．On the grassland，several _____ (山羊) were eating grass when a lion suddenly appeared．
worldwide
goats
3．Genes determine the ______________ (特征) of every living thing．
4．The living conditions of some areas in Africa are still pretty _________ (原始的)．
5．She saw a _____ (巨大的) spider on the wall，which sent shivers (颤抖) down her spine．
6．By about 6，000 BCE，people ______________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise．
characteristics
primitive
giant
had discovered
7．She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team ________ (do) for her．
8．The three of us _________ (travel) around China for about a month last summer．
9．He hesitated and then said he ___________ (decide) not to run．
10．It was the third time that he ________ (see) such a giant tortoise．
had done
travelled
had decided
had seen
Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。(hardly...when...)
______________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano．
2．我知道自己做得很好并且期待得到一个积极的评价。
I knew I ___________________ and was looking forward to getting a positive comment．
Hardly had she finished her homework when
had done a good job
3．在我一遍又一遍地在脑海中想象后，这个重要的日子终于到来了。
After I __________________________ over and over again，the big day finally arrived．
4．昨晚我本打算来看你，但是那时我有一个重要的会议要参加。
I _______________ come over to see you last night，but I had an important meeting to attend then．
had pictured it in my mind
had intended to
5．当我意识到我的错误时，我已经伤害了她的感情，也无法收回我说过的话。
By the time I realized my mistake，I ____________________________ and couldn't take back the words I had said．
had already hurt her feelings
Ⅲ．语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
One Day in Winter
My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere．I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．___________ (stop) snowing already．Looking outside of the window，the shiny white snow on our lawn 2．________________ (clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．_________________ (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast，which 4．_________________ (prepare) well
had stopped
had been cleaned
had been borrowed
had been prepared
on the kitchen table．Then my little brother came to tell me that he 5．____________ (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before．During the breakfast，we talked about his dream．He said he 6．________ (go) skiing in the mountains with me and our parents，and we really 7．_______ (have) a good day there．After breakfast，I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day．It was the first time that we 8．___________ (enjoy) ourselves together．It was really a happy day．
had finished
had gone
had had
had enjoyed
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Most adults have lower levels of concern about climate change than young people．Yet it's adults who have the power to affect the policies contributing to climate change．Now a new study shows that teenagers may be able to raise their parents'concerns about human influences on climate．The key is to talk about the issues and share what you've been learning at school．
For a new study，teachers used a new curriculum with the students．It involved more than just lessons about climate change．The students also took part in service-learning projects．Students wrote blog posts about what they learned and shared those posts with others．The students also interviewed their parents．Someone might ask his or her dad，for example，what changes he'd seen in their home town's weather over time．
The program made sure students would talk to their parents．However，Dr Lawson，a scientist of the study team，adds，“At no point did we tell kids what to think or what to say．That way，kids didn't feel that there was all this responsibility put on them to change their parents'mind about anything．”
Fifteen middle school teachers had been divided into either of two groups．One，the test group，got training on how to use the new curriculum before introducing it to students．Teachers in the control group taught their schools'regular lessons on climate change．These programs also lacked the extra activities．Lawson's team divided the students and their parents into two groups，too．The researchers then surveyed the kids and their parents before and after the school lessons on climate change．Parents and students in both groups showed more concern about climate change after the lessons．But families where kids had been in the test group showed the biggest changes．
And，Lawson notes，you don't need a special curriculum to discuss climate issues at home．“Talk to your parents about what you see going on，”she says．“Don't be afraid to share your thoughts．And don't feel discouraged if you don't change your parents'minds after one chat，”she adds．“The important thing is not to give up hope and be willing to have those conversations．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年通过和家长交流在学校所学的气候知识，可以影响父母对气候的关注。
1．How can young people increase parents'concerns about climate
A．By making climate policies．
B．By showing them scientific findings．
C．By sharing their knowledge with them．
D．By inviting them to do research projects．
√
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The key is to talk about the issues and share what you've been learning at school．”可知，学生可通过与家长分享他们在学校学习的知识来提高家长对气候的关注度。故选C。]
2．What did the students do in the new study
A．Gave lessons about climate change．
B．Attended projects on service-learning．
C．Shared their climate blogs with parents．
D．Interviewed parents about their lessons．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The students also took part in service-learning projects．”可知，学生会参与服务性学习项目。故选B。]
3．The study team avoided teaching kids what to say or think because ________．
A．they recognized kids'good communication skills
B．they didn't want to put too much burden on kids
C．they had some doubts about their own knowledge
D．they didn't believe kids'influence on parents
√
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“kids didn't feel that there was all this responsibility...about anything”可知，研究人员不想让孩子们感觉改变父母的想法是他们的责任，即不希望给孩子们增加负担。故选B。]
4．What can we know from paragraph 4
A．Parents were surveyed twice during the research progress．
B．The test group and the control group showed equal improvement．
C．Students were put into a team to compete against their parents．
D．Teachers in the control group added extra activities in the lessons．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The researchers then surveyed the kids and their parents before and after the school lessons”可推出，家长参与了两次调查。故选A。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Wildlife documentaries are known for offering breathtaking images of animals in their natural habitats．You might be thinking that these shows offer a totally real portrayal (插绘) of these animals—an objective window into their lives as they hunt，rest and raise their young． 1 While the images we see are filmed on location，many of the sounds are recorded in a sound studio and added to the programs later by human“Foley artists (拟音师)”．
2 Usually，documentary film-makers can film their subjects from a great distance，but they typically can't get close enough to capture clear sounds without disturbing the animals． 3 There will probably be background noises such as crew members chatting or walking around if sounds are recorded on location．In other cases，the animals might make sounds of a frequency or volume that most microphones simply can't capture clearly．
“Foley artists”will use a variety of tools to simulate (模拟) the sounds made by animals．And most of them will create the close-up sounds of animals chewing or yawning with their own mouths．These sounds are created as the artist watches the videos，making sure they perfectly match the actions they're paired with． 4 Animal cries—which are far too complex to be simulated—will have to be taken from library recordings．
Watching“Foley artists”at work on wildlife projects gives me a thrill like the one we get when we see how a magic trick is done． 5 Sounds have the ability to affect how we understand a given species．The way certain animals are portrayed in popular media may affect support for conservation efforts．
A．But this isn't quite the case．
B．There are some exceptions，though．
C．The Foley process involves a large team．
D．“Foley artists”are creative and resourceful．
E．Wildlife documentaries also tend to require large crews．
F．Admittedly，the significance of the technique goes further．
G．This is an unavoidable outcome of modern wildlife film-making．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野生动物纪录片制作过程中声音录制的技术细节，特别是拟音师的工作，以及这些技术手段对观众理解动物行为和保护工作的影响。
1．A [上文指出人们认为野生动物纪录片中的画面和声音是同时录制的，下文表明虽然图像在现场拍摄，但声音的情况有所不同。A项“但这并不是完全如此。”与上文构成转折关系，引出下文，符合语境。故选A。]
2．G [上文表明图像和声音不是同时录制的，下文解释图像和声音不能同时录制的原因。G项“这是现代野生动物电影制作不可避免的结果。”承上启下，符合语境，This指代上文内容。故选G。]
3．E [下文解释现场录制声音的背景噪音问题。E项“野生动物纪录片通常也需要大量的工作人员。”指出图像和声音不能同时录制的第二个原因，crews与下文crew members相呼应，符合语境。故选E。]
4．B [上文描述“拟音师”怎样给图像配音，下文指出有些动物的叫声过于复杂，无法模拟。B项“尽管如此，也有一些例外。”表明了有例外情况，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。]
5．F [上文表明“拟音师”的工作令人兴奋，下文具体说明声音的其他功能。F项“诚然，这项技术的意义更为深远。”说明“拟音师”的意义重大，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl．At that time，the 160-hectare nature 1 was home to various birds，also Taheri's perfect playground．She 2 played baseball there，forgetting to go home．
In August，2020，37-year-old Taheri 3 the wetland and the kind of dump-like(垃圾场般的) surroundings 4 Taheri．Because of pollution，birds populations had been 5 ．To make things worse，the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland．
A strong 6 to do something controlled her．Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．She 7 her neighbours to join in．In one month，they 8 70 bags of rubbish．Then，Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism． 9 monthly litter picks，they also worked with some bird protection organizations．Currently，they are trying to 10 a planned bridge across the wetland，for it will destroy birds'habitat despite the advantage of 11 the locals a few minutes'walk．
Taheri's efforts 12 ．More and more locals are now more environmentally 13 ，more involved，and have come to see the value of her work．She makes a real 14 not only to the Welsh Harp，but to the wider community．Just as Taheri says，“Don't stand 15 ，do something about it．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍，长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重，垃圾满地，于是她从捡垃圾开始，致力于保护湿地的环境，最终她的努力得到回报，越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
1．A．camp B．port
C．wonderland D．reserve
√
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据空后“was home to various birds”可知，很多鸟类的家园应是自然保护区。故选D。]
2．A．definitely B．eventually
C．frequently D．absolutely
√
C [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl．”和“also Taheri's perfect playground”可知，Taheri经常去自然保护区打棒球。故选C。]
3．A．rediscovered B．reflected
C．rebuilt D．registered
√
A [考查动词词义辨析。上文提到Taheri上学时经常去湿地打棒球。根据空后“the kind of dump-like surroundings ______ Taheri”及语境可知，此处指Taheri长大后再次找到湿地时发现这里如垃圾场一般。故选A。]
4．A．attracted B．embarrassed
C．excited D．shocked
√
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文可知，湿地以前是各种鸟类的家园，也是Taheri玩耍的地方，现在却如垃圾场一般，这使她震惊。故选D。]
5．A．doubling B．dropping
C．disappearing D．recovering
√
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Because of pollution”可知，由于污染，湿地鸟类的数量应是下降。故选B。]
6．A．shame B．doubt
C．desire D．fear
√
C [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．”可知，此处指Taheri有一种强烈的欲望，要做些什么来保护湿地。故选C。]
7．A．invited B．promised
C．ordered D．taught
√
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“In one month，they ______ 70 bags of rubbish．”可知，此处指邀请邻居加入捡垃圾的行列。故选A。]
8．A．provided B．replaced
C．spotted D．collected
√
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．”可知，他们是在湿地捡垃圾，所以此处指收集了70袋垃圾。故选D。]
9．A．Due to B．Apart from
C．As for D．Instead of
√
B [考查介词短语辨析。根据下文“also”可知，他们除了捡垃圾，还与鸟类保护组织合作，apart from“除了……(还)”，符合语境。故选B。]
10．A．block B．tailor
C．design D．preserve
√
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“for it will destroy birds'habitat”可知，桥梁会破坏鸟类的栖息地，所以他们应是试图阻止。故选A。]
11．A．permitting B．saving
C．sparing D．taking
√
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据语境及“the advantage”可知，桥梁的好处就是让当地人节省几分钟的步行时间。故选B。]
12．A．went out B．ran out
C．paid off D．took off
√
C [考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“More and more locals are now more environmentally ______，more involved，and have come to see the value of her work．”可知，越来越多的当地人有了更强的环保意识并参与其中，此处指她的努力得到了回报。故选C。]
13．A．aware B．demanding
C．anxious D．generous
√
A [考查形容词词义辨析。根据“and have come to see the value of her work”可知，此处指越来越多的当地人有了环保意识，开始看到她工作的价值。故选A。]
14．A．advance B．difference
C．decision D．response
√
B [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文内容可知，通过Taheri的努力，越来越多的当地人有了环保意识，所以此处指对Welsh Harp产生影响。make a difference“有影响”，符合语境。故选B。]
15．A．straight B．alone
C．fast D．still
√
D [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“do something about it”可知，上下半句意义相反，所以此处指不要站着不动，要去做点什么。故选D。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Gu Ying，who was a well-trained paraglider (滑翔伞运动员)，1．____ (be) now a wildlife photo taker．“I hope the public will learn about the wild animals through my pictures，and then help protect them from 2．_______ (die) out，”says Gu．As the leader of the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve invited her 3．__________ (take) pictures of Hoh Xil in northwestern China's Qinghai Province，Gu has spent much time taking pictures of wild animals there since 2016．
is
dying
to take
July 7th，2017 was the day 4．____________ Hoh Xil was added to the World Heritage List because of different species of animals in its nature reserve．Gu provided her pictures and videos 5．____________ researchers to help them do research and shared her 6．____________ (person) experiences in Hoh Xil with teachers and students from primary and middle schools．“There are few 7．____________ (photo) of the
when
for
personal
photos
animals and plants in the depopulated (人口减少的) zone．What I'm doing now 8．____________ (certain)doesn't just mean taking beautiful pictures；it also means introducing the species on earth to more people，so the public will pay attention to the species，”says Gu，“I feel 9．____ strong sense of responsibility to let people know the importance of wildlife 10．____________ (protect)through showing pictures of the species in Hoh Xil．”
certainly
a
protection
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了顾莹用摄影的方式为保护可可西里野生动植物贡献了自己的力量，并呼吁人们保护野生动植物。
1．is [考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，主句缺谓语。由now可知，主句时态为一般现在时，主语Gu Ying为第三人称单数。故填is。]
2．dying [考查非谓语动词。根据介词from可知，设空处应填动词-ing形式作宾语。故填dying。]
3．to take [考查非谓语动词。短语invite sb．to do sth．表示“邀请某人做某事”，因而设空处应填动词不定式。故填to take。]
4．when [考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the day，因而用when引导。故填when。]
5．for [考查介词。短语provide sth．for sb．表示“为某人提供某物”，因而设空处应填介词for。故填for。]
6．personal [考查词性转换。根据名词experiences可知，设空处应填形容词作定语。故填personal。]
7．photos [考查名词复数。photo为可数名词，根据few可知，此处应用复数形式。故填photos。]
8．certainly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰谓语doesn't just mean，应用副词形式。故填certainly。]
9．a [考查冠词。固定短语a sense of...泛指“某种感觉”，因而设空处应用不定冠词a。故填a。]
10．protection [考查词性转换。根据介词of可知，设空处需填入名词作宾语。protection“保护”，为不可数名词。故填protection。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(十四)
(Unit 5 Using language)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：89.5分)
Ⅰ．品句填词/单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction ____________ (遍及全世界)．
2．On the grassland，several ____________ (山羊) were eating grass when a lion suddenly appeared．
3．Genes determine the ____________ (特征) of every living thing．
4．The living conditions of some areas in Africa are still pretty ____________ (原始的)．
5．She saw a ____________ (巨大的) spider on the wall，which sent shivers (颤抖) down her spine．
6．By about 6，000 BCE，people ____________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise．
7．She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team ____________ (do) for her．
8．The three of us ____________ (travel) around China for about a month last summer．
9．He hesitated and then said he ____________ (decide) not to run．
10．It was the third time that he ____________ (see) such a giant tortoise．
Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。(hardly...when...)
________________________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano．
2．我知道自己做得很好并且期待得到一个积极的评价。
I knew I ____________________________ and was looking forward to getting a positive comment．
3．在我一遍又一遍地在脑海中想象后，这个重要的日子终于到来了。
After I____________________________ over and over again，the big day finally arrived．
4．昨晚我本打算来看你，但是那时我有一个重要的会议要参加。
I __________________ come over to see you last night，but I had an important meeting to attend then．
5．当我意识到我的错误时，我已经伤害了她的感情，也无法收回我说过的话。
By the time I realized my mistake，I ____________________________ and couldn't take back the words I had said．
Ⅲ．语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
One Day in Winter
My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere．I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．____________ (stop) snowing already．Looking outside of the window，the shiny white snow on our lawn 2．________________ (clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．________________ (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast，which 4．________________ (prepare) well on the kitchen table．Then my little brother came to tell me that he 5．____________ (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before．During the breakfast，we talked about his dream．He said he 6．________ (go) skiing in the mountains with me and our parents，and we really 7．____________ (have) a good day there．After breakfast，I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day．It was the first time that we 8．__________ (enjoy) ourselves together．It was really a happy day．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Most adults have lower levels of concern about climate change than young people．Yet it's adults who have the power to affect the policies contributing to climate change．Now a new study shows that teenagers may be able to raise their parents' concerns about human influences on climate．The key is to talk about the issues and share what you've been learning at school．
For a new study，teachers used a new curriculum with the students．It involved more than just lessons about climate change．The students also took part in service-learning projects．Students wrote blog posts about what they learned and shared those posts with others．The students also interviewed their parents．Someone might ask his or her dad，for example，what changes he'd seen in their home town's weather over time．
The program made sure students would talk to their parents．However，Dr Lawson，a scientist of the study team，adds，“At no point did we tell kids what to think or what to say．That way，kids didn't feel that there was all this responsibility put on them to change their parents' mind about anything．”
Fifteen middle school teachers had been divided into either of two groups．One，the test group，got training on how to use the new curriculum before introducing it to students．Teachers in the control group taught their schools' regular lessons on climate change．These programs also lacked the extra activities．Lawson's team divided the students and their parents into two groups，too．The researchers then surveyed the kids and their parents before and after the school lessons on climate change．Parents and students in both groups showed more concern about climate change after the lessons．But families where kids had been in the test group showed the biggest changes．
And，Lawson notes，you don't need a special curriculum to discuss climate issues at home．“Talk to your parents about what you see going on，”she says．“Don't be afraid to share your thoughts．And don't feel discouraged if you don't change your parents' minds after one chat，”she adds．“The important thing is not to give up hope and be willing to have those conversations．”
1．How can young people increase parents' concerns about climate
A．By making climate policies．
B．By showing them scientific findings．
C．By sharing their knowledge with them．
D．By inviting them to do research projects．
2．What did the students do in the new study
A．Gave lessons about climate change．
B．Attended projects on service-learning．
C．Shared their climate blogs with parents．
D．Interviewed parents about their lessons．
3．The study team avoided teaching kids what to say or think because ________．
A．they recognized kids' good communication skills
B．they didn't want to put too much burden on kids
C．they had some doubts about their own knowledge
D．they didn't believe kids' influence on parents
4．What can we know from paragraph 4
A．Parents were surveyed twice during the research progress．
B．The test group and the control group showed equal improvement．
C．Students were put into a team to compete against their parents．
D．Teachers in the control group added extra activities in the lessons．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Wildlife documentaries are known for offering breathtaking images of animals in their natural habitats．You might be thinking that these shows offer a totally real portrayal (插绘) of these animals—an objective window into their lives as they hunt，rest and raise their young． 1 While the images we see are filmed on location，many of the sounds are recorded in a sound studio and added to the programs later by human“Foley artists (拟音师)”．
2 Usually，documentary film-makers can film their subjects from a great distance，but they typically can't get close enough to capture clear sounds without disturbing the animals． 3 There will probably be background noises such as crew members chatting or walking around if sounds are recorded on location．In other cases，the animals might make sounds of a frequency or volume that most microphones simply can't capture clearly．
“Foley artists”will use a variety of tools to simulate (模拟) the sounds made by animals．And most of them will create the close-up sounds of animals chewing or yawning with their own mouths．These sounds are created as the artist watches the videos，making sure they perfectly match the actions they're paired with． 4 Animal cries—which are far too complex to be simulated—will have to be taken from library recordings．
Watching“Foley artists”at work on wildlife projects gives me a thrill like the one we get when we see how a magic trick is done． 5 Sounds have the ability to affect how we understand a given species．The way certain animals are portrayed in popular media may affect support for conservation efforts．
A．But this isn't quite the case．
B．There are some exceptions，though．
C．The Foley process involves a large team．
D．“Foley artists”are creative and resourceful．
E．Wildlife documentaries also tend to require large crews．
F．Admittedly，the significance of the technique goes further．
G．This is an unavoidable outcome of modern wildlife film-making．
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl．At that time，the 160-hectare nature 1 was home to various birds，also Taheri's perfect playground．She 2 played baseball there，forgetting to go home．
In August，2020，37-year-old Taheri 3 the wetland and the kind of dump-like(垃圾场般的) surroundings 4 Taheri．Because of pollution，birds populations had been 5 ．To make things worse，the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland．
A strong 6 to do something controlled her．Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．She 7 her neighbours to join in．In one month，they 8 70 bags of rubbish．Then，Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism． 9 monthly litter picks，they also worked with some bird protection organizations．Currently，they are trying to 10 a planned bridge across the wetland，for it will destroy birds' habitat despite the advantage of 11 the locals a few minutes' walk．
Taheri's efforts 12 ．More and more locals are now more environmentally 13 ，more involved，and have come to see the value of her work．She makes a real 14 not only to the Welsh Harp，but to the wider community．Just as Taheri says，“Don't stand 15 ，do something about it．”
1．A．camp B．port
C．wonderland D．reserve
2．A．definitely B．eventually
C．frequently D．absolutely
3．A．rediscovered B．reflected
C．rebuilt D．registered
4．A．attracted B．embarrassed
C．excited D．shocked
5．A．doubling B．dropping
C．disappearing D．recovering
6．A．shame B．doubt
C．desire D．fear
7．A．invited B．promised
C．ordered D．taught
8．A．provided B．replaced
C．spotted D．collected
9．A．Due to B．Apart from
C．As for D．Instead of
10．A．block B．tailor
C．design D．preserve
11．A．permitting B．saving
C．sparing D．taking
12．A．went out B．ran out
C．paid off D．took off
13．A．aware B．demanding
C．anxious D．generous
14．A．advance B．difference
C．decision D．response
15．A．straight B．alone
C．fast D．still
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Gu Ying，who was a well-trained paraglider(滑翔伞运动员)，1．____________ (be)now a wildlife photo taker．“I hope the public will learn about the wild animals through my pictures，and then help protect them from 2．____________ (die)out，”says Gu．As the leader of the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve invited her 3．____________ (take)pictures of Hoh Xil in northwestern China's Qinghai Province，Gu has spent much time taking pictures of wild animals there since 2016．
July 7th，2017 was the day 4．____________ Hoh Xil was added to the World Heritage List because of different species of animals in its nature reserve．Gu provided her pictures and videos 5．____________ researchers to help them do research and shared her 6．____________ (person)experiences in Hoh Xil with teachers and students from primary and middle schools．“There are few 7．____________ (photo)of the animals and plants in the depopulated(人口减少的) zone．What I'm doing now 8．________ (certain)doesn't just mean taking beautiful pictures；it also means introducing the species on earth to more people，so the public will pay attention to the species，”says Gu，“I feel 9．______ strong sense of responsibility to let people know the importance of wildlife 10．____________ (protect)through showing pictures of the species in Hoh Xil．”
课时提升作业(十四)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．worldwide 2．goats 3．characteristics 4．primitive 5．giant 6．had discovered 7．had done 8．travelled 9．had decided 10．had seen
Ⅱ．1．Hardly had she finished her homework when 2．had done a good job 3．had pictured it in my mind 4．had intended to 5．had already hurt her feelings
Ⅲ．1．had stopped 2．had been cleaned 3．had been borrowed 4．had been prepared 5．had finished 6．had gone 7．had had 8．had enjoyed
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4
C B B A
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
A G E B F
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D C A D B C A D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B A B C A B D
Ⅳ．1．is 2．dying 3．to take 4．when 5．for 6．personal 7．photos 8．certainly 9．a 10．protection
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年通过和家长交流在学校所学的气候知识，可以影响父母对气候的关注。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The key is to talk about the issues and share what you've been learning at school．”可知，学生可通过与家长分享他们在学校学习的知识来提高家长对气候的关注度。故选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The students also took part in service-learning projects．”可知，学生会参与服务性学习项目。故选B。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“kids didn't feel that there was all this responsibility...about anything”可知，研究人员不想让孩子们感觉改变父母的想法是他们的责任，即不希望给孩子们增加负担。故选B。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The researchers then surveyed the kids and their parents before and after the school lessons”可推出，家长参与了两次调查。故选A。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野生动物纪录片制作过程中声音录制的技术细节，特别是拟音师的工作，以及这些技术手段对观众理解动物行为和保护工作的影响。
1．A [上文指出人们认为野生动物纪录片中的画面和声音是同时录制的，下文表明虽然图像在现场拍摄，但声音的情况有所不同。A项“但这并不是完全如此。”与上文构成转折关系，引出下文，符合语境。故选A。]
2．G [上文表明图像和声音不是同时录制的，下文解释图像和声音不能同时录制的原因。G项“这是现代野生动物电影制作不可避免的结果。”承上启下，符合语境，This指代上文内容。故选G。]
3．E [下文解释现场录制声音的背景噪音问题。E项“野生动物纪录片通常也需要大量的工作人员。”指出图像和声音不能同时录制的第二个原因，crews与下文crew members相呼应，符合语境。故选E。]
4．B [上文描述“拟音师”怎样给图像配音，下文指出有些动物的叫声过于复杂，无法模拟。B项“尽管如此，也有一些例外。”表明了有例外情况，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。]
5．F [上文表明“拟音师”的工作令人兴奋，下文具体说明声音的其他功能。F项“诚然，这项技术的意义更为深远。”说明“拟音师”的意义重大，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍，长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重，垃圾满地，于是她从捡垃圾开始，致力于保护湿地的环境，最终她的努力得到回报，越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
1．D [考查名词词义辨析。根据空后“was home to various birds”可知，很多鸟类的家园应是自然保护区。故选D。]
2．C [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl．”和“also Taheri's perfect playground”可知，Taheri经常去自然保护区打棒球。故选C。]
3．A [考查动词词义辨析。上文提到Taheri上学时经常去湿地打棒球。根据空后“the kind of dump-like surroundings Taheri”及语境可知，此处指Taheri长大后再次找到湿地时发现这里如垃圾场一般。故选A。]
4．D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文可知，湿地以前是各种鸟类的家园，也是Taheri玩耍的地方，现在却如垃圾场一般，这使她震惊。故选D。]
5．B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Because of pollution”可知，由于污染，湿地鸟类的数量应是下降。故选B。]
6．C [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．”可知，此处指Taheri有一种强烈的欲望，要做些什么来保护湿地。故选C。]
7．A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“In one month，they 70 bags of rubbish．”可知，此处指邀请邻居加入捡垃圾的行列。故选A。]
8．D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick．”可知，他们是在湿地捡垃圾，所以此处指收集了70袋垃圾。故选D。]
9．B [考查介词短语辨析。根据下文“also”可知，他们除了捡垃圾，还与鸟类保护组织合作，apart from“除了……(还)”，符合语境。故选B。]
10．A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“for it will destroy birds' habitat”可知，桥梁会破坏鸟类的栖息地，所以他们应是试图阻止。故选A。]
11．B [考查动词词义辨析。根据语境及“the advantage”可知，桥梁的好处就是让当地人节省几分钟的步行时间。故选B。]
12．C [考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“More and more locals are now more environmentally ，more involved，and have come to see the value of her work．”可知，越来越多的当地人有了更强的环保意识并参与其中，此处指她的努力得到了回报。故选C。]
13．A [考查形容词词义辨析。根据“and have come to see the value of her work”可知，此处指越来越多的当地人有了环保意识，开始看到她工作的价值。故选A。]
14．B [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文内容可知，通过Taheri的努力，越来越多的当地人有了环保意识，所以此处指对Welsh Harp产生影响。make a difference“有影响”，符合语境。故选B。]
15．D [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“do something about it”可知，上下半句意义相反，所以此处指不要站着不动，要去做点什么。故选D。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了顾莹用摄影的方式为保护可可西里野生动植物贡献了自己的力量，并呼吁人们保护野生动植物。
1．is [考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，主句缺谓语。由now可知，主句时态为一般现在时，主语Gu Ying为第三人称单数。故填is。]
2．dying [考查非谓语动词。根据介词from可知，设空处应填动词-ing形式作宾语。故填dying。]
3．to take [考查非谓语动词。短语invite sb．to do sth．表示“邀请某人做某事”，因而设空处应填动词不定式。故填to take。]
4．when [考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the day，因而用when引导。故填when。]
5．for [考查介词。短语provide sth．for sb．表示“为某人提供某物”，因而设空处应填介词for。故填for。]
6．personal [考查词性转换。根据名词experiences可知，设空处应填形容词作定语。故填personal。]
7．photos [考查名词复数。photo为可数名词，根据few可知，此处应用复数形式。故填photos。]
8．certainly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰谓语doesn't just mean，应用副词形式。故填certainly。]
9．a [考查冠词。固定短语a sense of...泛指“某种感觉”，因而设空处应用不定冠词a。故填a。]
10．protection [考查词性转换。根据介词of可知，设空处需填入名词作宾语。protection“保护”，为不可数名词。故填protection。]
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