Section Ⅱ Using language
1．reliable adj．可信赖的，可靠的
rely v． 依靠；依赖
rely on/upon... 依靠；依赖……
rely on sb．to do sth．＝ rely on sb．/one's doing sth．
依靠/相信某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……；指望……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①You had better confirm that all the information comes from a ________(rely) source．
②In the past years they have been relying __ the government's financial support．
③你可以相信你在困难时我会帮助你。
a．You may ______________________ when you are in trouble．(不定式)
b．You may _________________________ when you are in trouble．(动词-ing形式)
c．You may _______________________________ when you are in trouble．(从句)
2．rescue v．营救，解救 n．营救，解救，救援
rescue sb．/sth．from... 从……中救出某人/
某物
come to sb．'s rescue＝go/come to the rescue of sb．
援救/营救某人
make a rescue 实施救援
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was you who made _ rescue in time，which gave us a second life．
②The three children were rescued ____ the burning house by the brave firefighters yesterday．
③他不顾个人安危去营救那个落水儿童。
He __________________________ a drowning child regardless of his personal safety．
3．claim v．& n．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；主张；认领；索赔
(1)claim to do sth． 声称/主张做某事
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 据说……
claim sth．from sb． 向某人索要某物
(2)make a claim for... 要求，索要……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He claims ____________(see) a round black creature moving quickly through the water．
②She claimed damages ____ the company for the injury she had suffered．
③The workers in the car factory made a claim ___ a wage increase．
④不要被声称一周内帮你减肥的广告所欺骗。
Don't be taken in by advertisements ________________________________ in a week．
4．threaten v．威胁到，危及
(1)threaten to do sth． 威胁要做某事
threaten sb．with sth． 用某物威胁某人
threaten that... 威胁……
(2)threat n． 威胁
a threat to... 对……构成威胁的人或事物
(3)threatening adj． 威胁的，恐吓的
a threatening letter 恐吓信
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He was threatened ____ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work．
②He has been receiving ___________(threaten) phone calls since he returned from America．
③那个人生气了，威胁说他要去报警。
a．The man became angry and _____________________________．(threaten to do sth．)
b．The man became angry and ______________________________．(threaten that...)
重点句式 sth．/sb．is agreed to have done...
(教材P88)The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5．
人们普遍认为此次地震已达到9.5级。
[句式分析] 本句属于“sth．/sb．is agreed to have done...”句型，意为“人们认为……”，该句型可改写为：“It is agreed that...”
It is agreed that reading widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary．
人们认为广泛阅读是扩大我们词汇量的最有效的方式之一。
(1)该结构中的不定式还有两种形式：
①sth．/sb．is agreed to be doing...
②sth．/sb．is agreed to do...
(2)除agree外，其他用于此句型的词还有：say，think，believe，know，report，consider，estimate，suppose，suggest等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Lack of confidence is agreed _____(be) one of the main reasons for failure．
②The manager is said ____________(have) a meeting，so let's wait at his office．
③The student is thought ______________(break) the rules by cheating in the exam．
④It is believed that paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years．
→Paper cutting ___________________ a history of more than 1，500 years．
P86
1．_________ 遗漏；省去，不提及
2．__________ 即将到来，在路上
3．________ 朝……前进，前往……
P87
1．_____________ 紧急援助
2．__________________________ 国际救援队
3．__________ 由……组成
4．_____________ 医务人员
5．_______________ 下一轮次
P88
1．_________________ 夺去……的生命
2．___________________ 致命的森林火灾
3．____________________ 夺去超过256人的生命
4．_______________ 在……南部
5．____________________ 导致死亡
6．___________ 粮食危机
7．________________________ 威胁生计
8．_________________ 与时俱进
P89
1．______________________________ 即将发生的天气状况
2．___________ 遭受
省略
一、词法的省略
1．介词的省略
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词可以省略，保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的有：
spend some time (in) doing sth．
have difficulty (in) doing sth．
stop/prevent sb．(from) doing sth．
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time．
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
2．替代性省略
在某些情况下，当我们省略某个词时，还需要用某个替代词。
He speaks English more fluently than you do．
他说英语比你说得流利。
— Can you finish the work today ——你今天能完成工作吗？
— I think so．/I don't think so．/I think not．——我认为能。/我认为不能。
3．不定式的省略
在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to．
我让他去看电影，但他不想去。
[名师点津] 当省略的不定式中含有be或have时，be和have不能省略。
— Are you a doctor ——你是医生吗？
— No，but I used to be．——不是，但我过去是。
— He hasn't finished the work．——他没有完成工作。
— But he ought to have．——但他应该完成的。
二、句法的省略
1．简单句的省略
感叹句或口语中的某些成分可以省略。
What a day (it is)！多么美好的一天啊！
(It) sounds great．听起来棒极了。
(Will you) have a drink 喝饮料吗？
(Is there) anything else to say 还有别的要说吗？
2．并列句的省略
并列句中，在不影响句意的情况下，后面的并列分句与前面分句相同的部分可以省略。
Mr Li teaches maths，and Mr Wang (teaches) Chinese．
李老师教数学，王老师教语文。
Bob has finished his homework，but Tom has not (finished his homework)．
鲍勃已经完成了他的家庭作业，但汤姆还没做完。
3．状语从句的省略
在时间、条件或让步状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
He never speaks unless (he is) spoken to．
除非有人跟他说话，否则他从不说话。
He stood at the gate as if (he was) to say something．
他站在门口，好像要说什么。
4．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后的关系代词that，which或who(m)可以省略。
He is the man (that/who/whom) you can depend on．
他是你能够信赖的人。
(2)先行词是way，后面定语从句中作状语的that/in which可以省略。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you treat the girl．
我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。
5．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within．
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart．
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该将其牢记在心。
(2)在由which，when，where，why，how等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的从句可全部或部分省略。
She will come back，but I don't know when (she will come back)．
她会回来的，但我不知道她何时回来。
Ⅰ．句型转换(用省略句式)
1．I'm sorry to have hurt your feelings，but I didn't mean to hurt your feelings．
→I'm sorry to have hurt your feelings，___________________．
2．When I was cooking in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring．
→____________ in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring．
3．Get up early tomorrow．If you don't get up early tomorrow，you will miss the first bus．
→Get up early tomorrow．______，you will miss the first bus．
4．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful．
→The burn that she got from the iron was red ________________．
5．He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something．
→He looked everywhere ____________________________．
6．If you are accepted for the job，you will be informed soon．
→_______________________，you will be informed soon．
Ⅱ．完成句子(用省略句式)
1．这个孩子想在街上玩耍，但他的妈妈告诉他不要在街上玩耍。
The child wanted to play in the street，______________________________．
2．他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
His advice made me happy，_____________．
3．过街时要当心车辆。
Look out for cars ________________________．
4．她站在门口，好像在等人。
She stood at the gate _________________________．
5．尽管面临很多问题，但他们没有灰心。
_______________________________________________，they didn't lose heart．
6．据说有人会来帮我们解决这个问题，但不知是谁。
It's said that someone will come to help us solve the problem，____________________．
Section Ⅱ
语法精讲提升语用能力
要点精析
词汇知识过关
1．①reliable ②on ③a．rely on me to help you b．rely on me/my helping you c．rely on it that I will help you
2．①a ②from ③went/came to the rescue of
3．①to have seen ②from ③for ④claiming to help you lose weight
4．①with ②threatening ③a．threatened to call the police b．threatened that he would call the police
经典句式过关
重点句式 ①to be ②to be having ③to have broken ④is believed to have
词块积累
P86 1．leave out 2．on the way 3．head for
P87 1．emergency aid 2．international rescue teams 3．consist of 4．medical staff 5．a further round
P88 1．cost the lives of 2．deadly forest fires 3．claim over 256 lives 4．in the south of 5．result in the deaths 6．food crisis 7．threaten the livelihoods 8．advance over time
P89 1．forthcoming weather conditions 2．suffer from
过关检测
Ⅰ．1．but I didn't mean to 2．When cooking 3．If not 4．and very painful 5．as if in search of something 6．If accepted for the job
Ⅱ．1．but his mother told him not to 2．but Jim angry 3．when crossing the street 4．as if waiting for someone 5．Although/Though faced with/facing many problems 6．but we don't know who
1 / 1(共35张PPT)
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Section Ⅱ Using language
语法精讲 提升语用能力
要点精析
01
词块积累
语法精讲
过关检测
1．reliable adj．可信赖的，可靠的
rely v． 依靠；依赖
rely on/upon... 依靠；依赖……
rely on sb．to do sth．＝ rely on sb．/one's doing sth．
依靠/相信某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……；指望……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①You had better confirm that all the information comes from a ________(rely) source．
②In the past years they have been relying __ the government's financial support．
reliable
on
③你可以相信你在困难时我会帮助你。
a．You may ____________________ when you are in trouble．(不定式)
b．You may _______________________ when you are in trouble．(动词-ing形式)
c．You may _________________________ when you are in trouble．
(从句)
rely on me to help you
rely on me/my helping you
rely on it that I will help you
2．rescue v．营救，解救 n．营救，解救，救援
rescue sb．/sth．from... 从……中救出某人/ 某物
come to sb．'s rescue＝go/come to the rescue of sb．
援救/营救某人
make a rescue 实施救援
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was you who made _ rescue in time，which gave us a second life．
②The three children were rescued ____ the burning house by the brave firefighters yesterday．
③他不顾个人安危去营救那个落水儿童。
He _______________________ a drowning child regardless of his personal safety．
a
from
went/came to the rescue of
3．claim v．& n．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；主张；认领；索赔
(1)claim to do sth． 声称/主张做某事
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 据说……
claim sth．from sb． 向某人索要某物
(2)make a claim for... 要求，索要……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He claims ____________(see) a round black creature moving quickly through the water．
②She claimed damages ____ the company for the injury she had suffered．
③The workers in the car factory made a claim ___ a wage increase．
④不要被声称一周内帮你减肥的广告所欺骗。
Don't be taken in by advertisements _____________________________in a week．
to have seen
from
for
claiming to help you lose weight
4．threaten v．威胁到，危及
(1)threaten to do sth． 威胁要做某事
threaten sb．with sth． 用某物威胁某人
threaten that... 威胁……
(2)threat n． 威胁
a threat to... 对……构成威胁的人或事物
(3)threatening adj． 威胁的，恐吓的
a threatening letter 恐吓信
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He was threatened ____ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work．
②He has been receiving ___________(threaten) phone calls since he returned from America．
with
threatening
③那个人生气了，威胁说他要去报警。
a．The man became angry and ________________________．(threaten to do sth．)
b．The man became angry and ________________________________. (threaten that...)
threatened to call the police
threatened that he would call the police
重点句式 sth．/sb．is agreed to have done...
(教材P88)The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5．
人们普遍认为此次地震已达到9.5级。
[句式分析] 本句属于“sth．/sb．is agreed to have done...”句型，意为“人们认为……”，该句型可改写为：“It is agreed that...”
It is agreed that reading widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary．
人们认为广泛阅读是扩大我们词汇量的最有效的方式之一。
(1)该结构中的不定式还有两种形式：
①sth．/sb．is agreed to be doing...
②sth．/sb．is agreed to do...
(2)除agree外，其他用于此句型的词还有：say，think，believe，know，report，consider，estimate，suppose，suggest等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Lack of confidence is agreed _____(be) one of the main reasons for failure．
②The manager is said ____________(have) a meeting，so let's wait at his office．
③The student is thought _____________(break) the rules by cheating in the exam．
to be
to be having
to have broken
④It is believed that paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years．
→Paper cutting ___________________ a history of more than 1，500 years．
is believed to have
P86
1．_________ 遗漏；省去，不提及
2．__________ 即将到来，在路上
3．________ 朝……前进，前往……
leave out
on the way
head for
P87
1．_____________ 紧急援助
2．______________________ 国际救援队
3．__________ 由……组成
4．_____________ 医务人员
5．_______________ 下一轮次
emergency aid
international rescue teams
consist of
medical staff
a further round
P88
1．______________ 夺去……的生命
2．_________________ 致命的森林火灾
3．__________________ 夺去超过256人的生命
4．_____________ 在……南部
5．_________________ 导致死亡
6．___________ 粮食危机
7．___________________ 威胁生计
8．_________________ 与时俱进
cost the lives of
deadly forest fires
claim over 256 lives
in the south of
result in the deaths
food crisis
threaten the livelihoods
advance over time
P89
1．___________________________ 即将发生的天气状况
2．___________ 遭受
forthcoming weather conditions
suffer from
省略
一、词法的省略
1．介词的省略
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词可以省略，保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的有：
spend some time (in) doing sth．
have difficulty (in) doing sth．
stop/prevent sb．(from) doing sth．
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time．
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
2．替代性省略
在某些情况下，当我们省略某个词时，还需要用某个替代词。
He speaks English more fluently than you do．
他说英语比你说得流利。
— Can you finish the work today ——你今天能完成工作吗？
— I think so．/I don't think so．/I think not．——我认为能。/我认为不能。
3．不定式的省略
在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to．
我让他去看电影，但他不想去。
[名师点津] 当省略的不定式中含有be或have时，be和have不能省略。
— Are you a doctor ——你是医生吗？
— No，but I used to be．——不是，但我过去是。
— He hasn't finished the work．——他没有完成工作。
— But he ought to have．——但他应该完成的。
二、句法的省略
1．简单句的省略
感叹句或口语中的某些成分可以省略。
What a day (it is)！多么美好的一天啊！
(It) sounds great．听起来棒极了。
(Will you) have a drink 喝饮料吗？
(Is there) anything else to say 还有别的要说吗？
2．并列句的省略
并列句中，在不影响句意的情况下，后面的并列分句与前面分句相同的部分可以省略。
Mr Li teaches maths，and Mr Wang (teaches) Chinese．
李老师教数学，王老师教语文。
Bob has finished his homework，but Tom has not (finished his homework)．
鲍勃已经完成了他的家庭作业，但汤姆还没做完。
3．状语从句的省略
在时间、条件或让步状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
He never speaks unless (he is) spoken to．
除非有人跟他说话，否则他从不说话。
He stood at the gate as if (he was) to say something．
他站在门口，好像要说什么。
4．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后的关系代词that，which或who(m)可以省略。
He is the man (that/who/whom) you can depend on．
他是你能够信赖的人。
(2)先行词是way，后面定语从句中作状语的that/in which可以省略。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you treat the girl．
我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。
5．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within．
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart．
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该将其牢记在心。
(2)在由which，when，where，why，how等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的从句可全部或部分省略。
She will come back，but I don't know when (she will come back)．
她会回来的，但我不知道她何时回来。
Ⅰ．句型转换(用省略句式)
1．I'm sorry to have hurt your feelings，but I didn't mean to hurt your feelings．
→I'm sorry to have hurt your feelings，_________________．
2．When I was cooking in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring．
→____________ in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring．
but I didn't mean to
When cooking
3．Get up early tomorrow．If you don't get up early tomorrow，you will miss the first bus．
→Get up early tomorrow．______，you will miss the first bus．
4．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful．
→The burn that she got from the iron was red ________________．
5．He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something．
→He looked everywhere _______________________．
6．If you are accepted for the job，you will be informed soon．
→_____________________，you will be informed soon．
If not
and very painful
as if in search of something
If accepted for the job
Ⅱ．完成句子(用省略句式)
1．这个孩子想在街上玩耍，但他的妈妈告诉他不要在街上玩耍。
The child wanted to play in the street，_________________________．
2．他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
His advice made me happy，_____________．
3．过街时要当心车辆。
Look out for cars _____________________．
but his mother told him not to
but Jim angry
when crossing the street
4．她站在门口，好像在等人。
She stood at the gate _________________________．
5．尽管面临很多问题，但他们没有灰心。
____________________________________________，they didn't lose heart．
6．据说有人会来帮我们解决这个问题，但不知是谁。
It's said that someone will come to help us solve the problem，_____________________．
as if waiting for someone
Although/Though faced with/facing many problems
but we don't know who
谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
