Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．appropriate adj．恰当的，合适的
(1)be appropriate for/to 适合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth． (对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that．．． ……是合适的。
(2)appropriately adv． 恰当地，适当地
inappropriate adj． 不适当的，不合适的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
①The most crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate________the culture you are in．
②Bad customs ought to be abolished，since they are________(appropriate) for the development of society．
③It was a challenging and demanding job，but somehow he managed it________(appropriate)．
④It is appropriate for us to do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．
→It________________________do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．(It is appropriate that．．．)
2．considerate adj．替他人着想的；考虑周到的；体贴的
(1)be considerate to/towards．．． 对……体贴的
It is considerate of sb．to do sth． 某人做某事是考虑周到的
(2)consider v． 考虑；认为；体谅
considerable adj． 相当多(或大)的
consideration n． 考虑；体贴
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①What made her succeed later on was the kindness and________(consider) she showed to all her patients．
②It was considerate of you not___________(play) the piano while I was sleeping．
③(应用文之人物介绍)她对别人很体贴，所以大家都和她相处得很好。
She_______________________________others that everyone gets on well with her．
3．promote v．促进，增进；提升，晋升；推广，促销(商品等)
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人(从某职位)提拔到某职位
get promoted 升职
(2)promotion n． 提拔，晋升；晋级；促进
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①While waiting for the opportunity to get_________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
②He got rapid________(promote) because of his good attitude towards work，and ended up as a manager．
③ He worked so hard that he was promoted_________general manager of the company．
④(应用文之活动介绍)登山不仅使我们亲近大自然，还增进了我们之间的友谊。
Not only_________________________， but______________________among us．
P22
1．___________ 翻开崭新的一页；悔过自新
2．___________ 赶上截止日期
3．___________ 推迟；延期
4．___________ 待办事项清单；任务单
5．___________ 困难的事情
P23
___________ 当众；公开地
P24
1．___________ 穿上；戴上
2．___________ 传播疾病
3．___________ 朝某人走去
4．___________ 垃圾箱
5．___________ 为某人着想
6．___________ 面临；面对
7．___________ 推进价值观教育
8．___________ 想出，提出(计划，想法等)
9．___________ 首先
10．___________ 一次无人监考测试
11．___________ 参加考试
12．___________ 签承诺书
P25
1．___________ 完好无损的
2．___________ 创建诚信文化
3．___________ 参与；卷入；(与……)有关联
4．___________ 以……为例
5．___________ 换句话说；换个说法
过去完成时的被动语态
1．概念：过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。
2．构成
(1)肯定结构：主语＋had been done
(2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done
(3)疑问句结构：
Had＋主语＋been done．．．
疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done
3．用法
(1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已被完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。
They said the production costs had been reduced．
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
(2)当by the time，before，until，when等引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，且主句谓语表示的动作在从句的动作以前已经被完成时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time he got to the school，the first
period had been finished．
他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
(3)在“It was the first/second/．．．time＋that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“……第几次被……”。
It was the first time that he had ever been awarded．
这是他第一次获奖。
(4)在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
If the AI robot had been invented earlier，the production efficiency would have been improved．
如果早一些发明人工智能机器人，生产效率就会提高了。
(5)在“Hardly/Scarcely had．．．when．．．”和“No sooner had．．．than．．．”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas．
一打开前门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。
[即时训练]——完成句子
①这不是他第一次因志愿工作而受到表扬。
It was not the first time that______________________________．
②这女孩一被送回家就向她母亲跑去。
Hardly________________________when she ran to her mother．
③在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们就提出了不同的想法。
Before we carried out the plan，______________________________by our classmates．
④到20世纪70年代，在这个地区发现了100多个新物种。
By the 1970s，more than 100 new species__________________________．
短文语境填空
I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．___________ (stop) snowing．Looking outside of the window，the snow on our lawn 2．____________(clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．___________(borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast．Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4．________________(finish)．During the breakfast，one of my best friends 5．__________(come) to visit my family．She went to Australia last year．Before that she 6．___________ (prepare) for the examination of the University of Sydney for half a year．During her study，she 7．___________ (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field．By the end of last fall，a novel about Maori 8．________________(finish) by her．When she was in Australia，together with her friends and classmates，she 9．___________ (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China．So after her return，she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need．In total，100 people 10．________________(help) by her team by the end of last October．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①values n．是非标准，生活准则，价值观
moral values 道德信条
②spending power消费能力
③vary from person to person因人而异
④be faced with 面临，面对
⑤headline n．媒体报道的热门话题；标题
hit/make the headlines 成为头条新闻
⑥see v．[熟词生义] 为……发生的时间/地点
⑦max out (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆
⑧in contrast to与……形成对比
⑨spender n．花钱……的人
a big spender 花钱大手大脚的人
⑩barrier n．障碍，阻力
a barrier to (doing) sth．(做)某事的障碍(to为介词)
district n．地区，区域
necessity n．必需品
a basic necessity of life 一件基本生活必需品
toothpaste n．牙膏
soap n．肥皂
a bar/piece of soap 一条/一块肥皂
soap bubbles 肥皂泡
soap opera 肥皂剧
pocket money 零花钱
crowd funding众筹
item n．一件商品(或物品)
a little bit 稍微，有点儿
on doing．．．一……就……
unprecedentedly adv．空前地
unprecedented adj．前所未有的，空前的，没有先例的
take courses 修读课程
personal finances (个人的)财务管理
finance n．财务
financial adj．财务的，金融的
at hand(在时间或距离上)接近
method of doing sth．做某事的方法
jar n．(玻璃)罐子，广口瓶
invest v．投资
invest in．．． 投资……
investment n．投资
in control of 掌管，控制
more than不仅仅，不只是
lifelong adj．终身的
a lifelong friend一位终生的朋友
be responsible for 为……负责
the here and now现在，当下
vision n．构想，设想
involve doing sth．包括做某事
be up to sb．取决于某人
likewise adv．同样地；相似地
put aside 储存，保留
help out 帮助(某人)摆脱(困境)
an animal charity 动物慈善机构
cause n．[熟词生义](支持或为之奋斗的)事业，目标，思想
a good cause 崇高的事业
believe in 相信
wide adj．[熟词生义]一般的，广泛的(仅用于比较级或最高级)
objectively adv．客观地
[反义词] subjectively adv．主观地
if you like换句话说，可以说(在句中作插入语)
the valuable 珍贵的东西
“the＋adj．”指一类人或物。
equip v．使有知识和技能，使能够胜任
equip sb．to do sth．使某人有能力做某事
informed adj．有学问的，有见识的
an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion有依据的选择/决定/猜测/看法
Valuable Values①
The spending power② of young people varies from person to person③．Each，however，is faced with④ the same question: [1]what to do with their money Some handle this less well than others． Recent headlines⑤ have seen⑥ [2]more and more teens maxing out⑦ their parents' credit cards on games or other online activities．
[1]此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作question的同位语。
[2]此处是动词 ing形式短语的复合结构，作宾语。
In contrast to⑧ these big spenders⑨， there are also teens that prove age is no barrier⑩ to making good use of money． With the help of her grandmother，eight year old Khloe Thompson started making “Kare Bags” for the homeless people in her district ． [3]Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste ， soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding ． These items helped to [4] make the lives of poor and homeless people a little bit easier．On receiving a Kare Bag，one woman said，“You [5]make me feel like a human being．”
[3]本句是全部倒装。主语过长，表语过短，故句子运用了倒装。过去分词短语“bought first．．．crowd funding”作后置定语，修饰necessities。
[4]此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词短语a little bit easier作宾语补足语。
[5]此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不带to的不定式短语feel like a human being作宾语补足语。
[6]However people intend to use their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations．A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students to take courses in personal finances ． For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely．
[6]本句是主从复合句。however引导让步状语从句，可替换为no matter how；主句中动词 ing形式短语managing it作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
When Jerry's grandchildren turned 13，his present to each of them was three jars: one for Spending，one for Saving，and another for Giving—he has since added a fourth jar for Investing ．[7]It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend，save，invest or give Jerry's birthday present to his grandchildren is，however，much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them the opportunity [8]to learn lifelong values．
[7]本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语from then on; they receive是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the money。
[8]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the opportunity。
[9]The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness．Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like．[10]After all，it's OK to be nice to yourself!
[9]本句是主从复合句。that引导表语从句，过去分词短语taught with the Spending jar作后置定语，修饰the value。
[10]句子主干是“it's＋adj．＋动词不定式”结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to be nice to yourself。
[11]While the Spending jar is about the here and now ，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future． This could involve saving for university，but it could also mean saving for that special something you've seen in the stores—it's up to you ．
[11]while在此作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future，but gives the opportunity to build for the future．[12]Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself．
[12]本句是主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句。
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping． [13] Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity __or to children in another country，it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in ．
[13]本句是主从复合句。Whether．．．country是“whether．．．or．．．”引导的让步状语从句；you believe in是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句。
[14]The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding, if you like ，the value of the valuable ． In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about [15]how they use the money they have． Indeed，the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money．
[14]本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句，在该从句中动词 ing形式短语“understanding．．．the valuable”作伴随状语，if you like作插入语。目的状语从句对应的主句中不定式短语“to encourage．．．”作表语，定语从句that it can do修饰先行词the things。
[15]how引导宾语从句；they have是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the money。
珍贵的价值
年轻人的消费能力因人而异。然而，每个人都面临一个同样的问题：该如何对待自己的钱？有些人并不那么擅长理财。最近的新闻头条中报道了越来越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，将钱肆意挥霍在网络游戏或其他网络活动中。__
与这些花钱大手大脚的人相比，也有一些青少年证明了年龄并非善于利用金钱的障碍。年仅八岁的科洛·汤普森在祖母的帮助下，开始为她所在区的流浪者们制作“爱心包包”。包里面装着一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和袜子等。最初购买这些物品用的都是她自己的零花钱，后来则是通过众筹。这些物品让贫穷和无家可归的人生活得稍微轻松了一些。在收到“爱心包包”时，一位女士说：“你让我觉得自己活得像个人。”
无论人们打算怎样使用自己的钱，理财对于年轻一代来说似乎变得前所未有地重要。2016年的一项研究表明，美国有17个州要求高中生修个人理财的课程。对于那些无法接触理财课程的人来说，多亏杰里·维特科夫斯基和他的理财方法——他用四个罐子教青少年如何智慧理财。
当杰里的孙子孙女们年满13岁时，杰里给他们每个人的礼物都是三个罐子：一个用于消费，一个用于储蓄，另一个用于给予——之后他还增加了第四个罐子，用于投资。从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱：用于消费、储蓄、投资还是给予他人？然而，杰里送他们生日礼物的价值远远不止金钱和这几个罐子——他为他们提供了终身树立正确价值观的机会。
“消费”罐子传递的价值是，你要为自己的幸福负责。金钱让你独立，并给你购买自己所爱之物的机会。毕竟，对自己好一点是可以的！
“消费”罐子关注的是眼前和当下，而“储蓄”罐子则为你提供了未来的愿景。它可以是为大学教育准备的存款，也可以是为自己在商店里看到的心仪之物而攒的钱——这都取决于你。
“投资”罐子不仅代表着对未来的愿景，还为未来的发展提供了机会。虽然它同样包括为大学教育而把钱存起来，但它同时还意味着对自身的投资。
“给予”罐子其实就是指善良与帮助。无论你是想要接济朋友，为动物慈善机构捐款，或是救助另一个国家的孩子，这都是你的钱，你可以把它捐给任何你相信的事业。
介绍这四个罐子，更深远的目的在于鼓励青少年以一种更客观的方式思考金钱以及用钱能做的事情，让他们在成长的过程中逐渐理解重要事物的真正价值。这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱做出明智的选择。事实上，他们罐子中的细微变化可能意味着日后他们理财方式的巨大变化。
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①for/to ②inappropriate ③appropriately ④is appropriate that we (should)
2．①consideration ②to play ③is so considerate to/towards
3．①promoted ②promotion ③to ④did the mountain climbing get us close to nature；it (also) promoted the friendship
词块积累
P221．turn over a new leaf 2．meet a deadline 3．put off 4．a to do list 5．the hard stuff
P23in public
P241．put on 2．spread diseases 3．go up to sb． 4．a rubbish bin 5．be considerate of sb． 6．be faced with 7．promote values education 8．come up with 9．to begin with 10．an unsupervised examination 11．take an examination 12．sign a letter of commitment
P251．in one piece 2．build a culture of honesty 3．get/be involved (in/with) 4．take．．． as an illustration 5．to put (it) another way
单元语法
[即时训练]
①he had been praised for his voluntary work ②had the girl been sent home ③various ideas had been put forward ④had been found in this area
巩固落实
1．had stopped 2．had been cleaned 3．had been borrowed 4．had been finished 5．came 6．had prepared 7．had learned 8．had been finished 9．had planned 10．had been helped
1/1(共55张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 2 Improving yourself
主题语境 人与自我—— 认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)be appropriate for/to 适合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth． (对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that... ……是合适的。
(2)appropriately adv． 恰当地，适当地
inappropriate adj． 不适当的，不合适的
1．appropriate adj．恰当的，合适的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
①The most crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate _______ the culture you are in．
②Bad customs ought to be abolished，since they are _______________
(appropriate) for the development of society．
③It was a challenging and demanding job，but somehow he managed it _____________(appropriate)．
for/to
inappropriate
appropriately
④It is appropriate for us to do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．
→It ______________________________ do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．(It is appropriate that...)
is appropriate that we (should)
(1)be considerate to/towards... 对……体贴的
It is considerate of sb．to do sth． 某人做某事是考虑周到的
(2)consider v． 考虑；认为；体谅
considerable adj． 相当多(或大)的
consideration n． 考虑；体贴
2．considerate adj．替他人着想的；考虑周到的；体贴的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①What made her succeed later on was the kindness and _____________
(consider) she showed to all her patients．
②It was considerate of you not ______ (play) the piano while I was sleeping．
③(应用文之人物介绍)她对别人很体贴，所以大家都和她相处得很好。
She ___________________________ others that everyone gets on well with her．
consideration
to play
is so considerate to/towards
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人(从某职位)提拔到某职位
get promoted 升职
(2)promotion n． 提拔，晋升；晋级；促进
3．promote v．促进，增进；提升，晋升；推广，促销(商品等)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①While waiting for the opportunity to get _________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
②He got rapid __________(promote) because of his good attitude towards work，and ended up as a manager．
③He worked so hard that he was promoted __ general manager of the company．
promoted
promotion
to
④(应用文之活动介绍)登山不仅使我们亲近大自然，还增进了我们之间的友谊。
Not only _________________________________________________，
but ________________________________ among us．
did the mountain climbing get us close to nature
it (also) promoted the friendship
P22
1．_________________ 翻开崭新的一页；悔过自新
2．______________ 赶上截止日期
3．______ 推迟；延期
4．___________ 待办事项清单；任务单
5．____________ 困难的事情
turn over a new leaf
meet a deadline
put off
a to-do list
the hard stuff
P23
________ 当众；公开地
P24
1．_____ 穿上；戴上
2．______________ 传播疾病
3．__________ 朝某人走去
4．___________ 垃圾箱
in public
put on
spread diseases
go up to sb．
a rubbish bin
5．___________________ 为某人着想
6．____________ 面临；面对
7．_______________________ 推进价值观教育
8．____________ 想出，提出(计划，想法等)
9．____________ 首先
10．__________________________ 一次无人监考测试
11．__________________ 参加考试
12．__________________________ 签承诺书
be considerate of sb．
be faced with
promote values education
come up with
to begin with
an unsupervised examination
take an examination
sign a letter of commitment
P25
1．__________ 完好无损的
2．______________________ 创建诚信文化
3．______________________ 参与；卷入；(与……)有关联
4．____________________以……为例
5．______________________ 换句话说；换个说法
in one piece
build a culture of honesty
get/be involved (in/with)
take... as an illustration
to put (it) another way
过去完成时的被动语态
1．概念：过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。
2．构成
(1)肯定结构：主语＋had been done
(2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done
(3)疑问句结构：
3．用法
(1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句中的动作已被完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。
They said the production costs had been reduced．
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
(2)当by the time，before，until，when等引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，且主句谓语表示的动作在从句的动作以前已经被完成时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished．
他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
(3)在“It was the first/second/...time＋that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“……第几次被……”。
It was the first time that he had ever been awarded．
这是他第一次获奖。
(4)在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
If the AI robot had been invented earlier，the production efficiency would have been improved．
如果早一些发明人工智能机器人，生产效率就会提高了。
(5)在“Hardly/Scarcely had...when...”和“No sooner had...than...”句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas．
一打开前门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。
[即时训练]——完成句子
①这不是他第一次因志愿工作而受到表扬。
It was not the first time that __________________________________．
②这女孩一被送回家就向她母亲跑去。
Hardly _______________________ when she ran to her mother．
he had been praised for his voluntary work
had the girl been sent home
③在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们就提出了不同的想法。
Before we carried out the plan，______________________________ by our classmates．
④到20世纪70年代，在这个地区发现了100多个新物种。
By the 1970s，more than 100 new species ______________________．
various ideas had been put forward
had been found in this area
短文语境填空
I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．__________ (stop) snowing．Looking outside of the window，the snow on our lawn 2．______________ (clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．________________ (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast．Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4．_______________ (finish)．During the
had stopped
had been cleaned
had been borrowed
had been finished
breakfast，one of my best friends 5．_____ (come) to visit my family．She went to Australia last year．Before that she 6．___________
(prepare) for the examination of the University of Sydney for half a year．During her study，she 7．_____________ (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field．By the end of last fall，a novel about Maori 8．_________________________ (finish) by her．When
she was in Australia，together with her friends and classmates，she
came
had prepared
had learned
had been finished
9．__________ (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China．So after her return，she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need．In total，100 people 10．_____________ (help) by her team by the end of last October．
had planned
had been helped
①values n．是非标准，生活准则，价值观
moral values 道德信条
②spending power消费能力
③vary from person to person因人而异
④be faced with 面临，面对
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤headline n．媒体报道的热门话题；标题
hit/make the headlines 成为头条新闻
⑥see v．[熟词生义] 为……发生的时间/地点
⑦max out (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆
⑧in contrast to与……形成对比
⑨spender n．花钱……的人
a big spender 花钱大手大脚的人
⑩barrier n．障碍，阻力
a barrier to (doing) sth．(做)某事的障碍(to为介词)
district n．地区，区域
necessity n．必需品
a basic necessity of life 一件基本生活必需品
toothpaste n．牙膏
soap n．肥皂
a bar/piece of soap 一条/一块肥皂
soap bubbles 肥皂泡
soap opera 肥皂剧
pocket money 零花钱
crowd funding众筹
item n．一件商品(或物品)
a little bit 稍微，有点儿
on doing...一……就……
unprecedentedly adv．空前地
unprecedented adj．前所未有的，空前的，没有先例的
take courses 修读课程
personal finances (个人的)财务管理
finance n．财务
financial adj．财务的，金融的
at hand(在时间或距离上)接近
method of doing sth．做某事的方法
jar n．(玻璃)罐子，广口瓶
invest v．投资
invest in...投资……
investment n．投资
in control of 掌管，控制
more than不仅仅，不只是
lifelong adj．终身的
a lifelong friend一位终生的朋友
be responsible for 为……负责
the here and now现在，当下
vision n．构想，设想
involve doing sth．包括做某事
be up to sb．取决于某人
likewise adv．同样地；相似地
put aside 储存，保留
help out 帮助(某人)摆脱(困境)
an animal charity 动物慈善机构
cause n．[熟词生义](支持或为之奋斗的)事业，目标，思想
a good cause 崇高的事业
believe in 相信
wide adj．[熟词生义]一般的，广泛的(仅用于比较级或最高级)
objectively adv．客观地
[反义词] subjectively adv．主观地
if you like换句话说，可以说(在句中作插入语)
the valuable 珍贵的东西
“the＋adj．”指一类人或物。
equip v．使有知识和技能，使能够胜任
equip sb．to do sth．使某人有能力做某事
informed adj．有学问的，有见识的
an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion有依据的选择/决定/猜测/看法
Valuable Values①
The spending power② of young people varies from person to person③．Each，however，is faced with④ the same question: [1]what to do with their money Some handle this less well than others．Recent headlines⑤ have seen⑥ [2]more and more teens maxing out⑦ their parents' credit cards on games or other online activities．
[1]此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作question的同位语。
[2]此处是动词-ing形式短语的复合结构，作宾语。
In contrast to⑧ these big spenders⑨， there are also teens that prove age is no barrier⑩ to making good use of money．With the help of her grandmother，eight-year-old Khloe Thompson started making “Kare Bags” for the homeless people in her district ．[3]Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste ， soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding ． These items helped to [4] make the lives of poor and homeless people a little bit easier．On receiving a Kare Bag，one woman said，“You [5]make me feel like a human being．”
[3]本句是全部倒装。主语过长，表语过短，故句子运用了倒装。过去分词短语“bought first...crowd funding”作后置定语，修饰necessities。
[4]此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词短语a little bit easier作宾语补足语。
[5]此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不带to的不定式短语feel like a human being作宾语补足语。
[6]However people intend to use their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations．A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students to take courses in personal finances ．For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand
thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely．
[6]本句是主从复合句。however引导让步状语从句，可替换为no matter how；主句中动词-ing形式短语managing it作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
When Jerry's grandchildren turned 13，his present to each of them was three jars: one for Spending，one for Saving，and another for Giving—he has since added a fourth jar for Investing ．[7]It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend，save，invest or give Jerry's birthday present to his grandchildren is，however，much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them the opportunity [8]to learn lifelong values．
[7]本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语from then on; they receive是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the money。
[8]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the opportunity。
[9]The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness．Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like．[10]After all，it's OK to be nice to yourself!
[9]本句是主从复合句。that引导表语从句，过去分词短语taught with the Spending jar作后置定语，修饰the value。
[10]句子主干是“it's＋adj．＋动词不定式”结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to be nice to yourself。
[11]While the Spending jar is about the here and now ，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future．This could involve saving for university，but it could also mean saving for that special something you've seen in the stores—it's up to you ．
[11]while在此作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future，but gives the opportunity to build for the future．[12]Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself．
[12]本句是主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句。
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping．[13] Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity or to children in another country，it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in ．
[13]本句是主从复合句。Whether...country是“whether...or...”引导的让步状语从句；you believe in是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句。
[14]The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding, if you like ，the value of the valuable ． In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about [15]how they use the money they have．Indeed，the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money．
[14]本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句，在该从句中动词-ing形式短语“understanding...the valuable”作伴随状语，if you like作插入语。目的状语从句对应的主句中不定式短语“to encourage...”作表语，定语从句that it can do修饰先行词the things。
[15]how引导宾语从句；they have是省略了关系代词that/which的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the money。
珍贵的价值
年轻人的消费能力因人而异。然而，每个人都面临一个同样的问题：该如何对待自己的钱？有些人并不那么擅长理财。最近的新闻头条中报道了越来越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，将钱肆意挥霍在网络游戏或其他网络活动中。
与这些花钱大手大脚的人相比，也有一些青少年证明了年龄并非善于利用金钱的障碍。年仅八岁的科洛·汤普森在祖母的帮助下，开始为她所在区的流浪者们制作“爱心包包”。包里面装着一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和袜子等。最初购买这些物品用的都是她自己的零花钱，后来则是通过众筹。这些物品让贫穷和无家可归的人生活得稍微轻松了一些。在收到“爱心包包”时，一位女士说：“你让我觉得自己活得像个人。”
无论人们打算怎样使用自己的钱，理财对于年轻一代来说似乎变得前所未有地重要。2016年的一项研究表明，美国有17个州要求高中生修个人理财的课程。对于那些无法接触理财课程的人来说，多亏杰里·维特科夫斯基和他的理财方法——他用四个罐子教青少年如何智慧理财。
当杰里的孙子孙女们年满13岁时，杰里给他们每个人的礼物都是三个罐子：一个用于消费，一个用于储蓄，另一个用于给予——之后他还增加了第四个罐子，用于投资。从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱：用于消费、储蓄、投资还是给予他人？然而，杰里送他们生日礼物的价值远远不止金钱和这几个罐子——他为他们提供了终身树立正确价值观的机会。
“消费”罐子传递的价值是，你要为自己的幸福负责。金钱让你独立，并给你购买自己所爱之物的机会。毕竟，对自己好一点是可以的！
“消费”罐子关注的是眼前和当下，而“储蓄”罐子则为你提供了未来的愿景。它可以是为大学教育准备的存款，也可以是为自己在商店里看到的心仪之物而攒的钱——这都取决于你。
“投资”罐子不仅代表着对未来的愿景，还为未来的发展提供了机会。虽然它同样包括为大学教育而把钱存起来，但它同时还意味着对自身的投资。
“给予”罐子其实就是指善良与帮助。无论你是想要接济朋友，为动物慈善机构捐款，或是救助另一个国家的孩子，这都是你的钱，你可以把它捐给任何你相信的事业。
介绍这四个罐子，更深远的目的在于鼓励青少年以一种更客观的方式思考金钱以及用钱能做的事情，让他们在成长的过程中逐渐理解重要事物的真正价值。这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱做出明智的选择。事实上，他们罐子中的细微变化可能意味着日后他们理财方式的巨大变化。
THANKS
