Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．emphasise v．强调
(1)emphasise the importance of．．． 强调……的重要性；重视……
(2)emphasis n． 强调；重视；重要性
put/lay/place emphasis on．．． 强调/重视……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①(应用文之通知) It should_____________(emphasise) that everyone should come before the deadline．
②The_________(emphasise) is very much on learning the spoken language．
③我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
a．____________________________________________________(emphasise)
b．____________________________________________________(emphasis)
2．tear down拆毁；拆除
tear up 撕碎；撕毁(文件等)
tear．．．into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear．．．in half/into halves 把……撕成两半
tear apart 使四分五裂；使(关系密切的人)分离/分开
tear one's heart out 使某人心如刀绞/伤心欲绝
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We're planning to tear__________the wall between the kitchen and the dining room．
②He told the lawyer to tear_____________the old contract and to prepare a new one．
③If you tear the paper_________halves，we can each have something to write on．
④(读后续写之动作描写)He_________(tear) apart the two tickets and handed one to me．
⑤(读后续写之情感描写)想到那些贫穷、饥饿的孩子，我心如刀绞。
The thought of those poor，hungry children was________________．
3．in favour of支持；赞成
ask sb．a favour＝ask a favour of sb． 请某人帮忙
do sb．a favour＝do a favour for sb． 帮某人一个忙
in one's favour 对某人有利
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①This candidate has a lot_____________her favour，especially her experience of teaching．
②(应用文之求助信)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do a favour_________me．
③Only a quarter of the students were for the proposal while a half of them were against it．
→Only a quarter of the students were_________________while a half of them were against it．
4．figure out想出；弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白；计算出
break out 爆发
leave out 遗漏，不包括
pick out 精心挑选；辨别出；认出来
work out 计算出；解决；锻炼身体
give out 用完，耗尽；分发；发出，放出(光、热等)
set out 出发，动身
[即学即练]——用“动词＋out”短语填空/完成句子
①They______________for the local supermarket together and bought some paper bags for popcorn．
②It is difficult to_________________a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied．
③The teacher stressed again that the students should not_____________any important details while retelling the story．
④不必为失败气馁，但你要弄清楚失败的原因。
There is no need to be discouraged by failure，but you ought to_________________．
动词 ing形式短语作结果状语
(教材P39)It has allowed China to accomplish in just four decades what took Western industrialised countries more than 200 years to achieve，breaking new ground in the history of human achievement．
它使中国用了仅仅四十年的时间就取得了西方工业化国家200多年才取得的成就，这在人类成就史上是具有开创性的。
(1)“breaking．．．achievement”是动词 ing形式短语作结果状语。
(2)动词 ing形式(短语)作结果状语的用法：
①语法含义：多表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，动词 ing形式(短语)前可加thus 以示强调。
②逻辑主语：多为句子的主语或动词 ing形式(短语)前的整个句子，其逻辑主语与构成动词 ing形式的动词之间通常为主谓关系。
③时态特征：动词 ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此动词 ing形式只用一般式。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①It rained heavily，thus_________(cause) terrible flooding in the area．
②We hurried to the hotel，only___________(tell) that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather．
③Muchadvancedtechnologyhasbeen
introduced to the company，so that there is a great increase in production．
→Much advanced technology has been introduced to the company，______________________．
[温馨提示]
动词 ing形式(短语) 表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。
不定式(短语) 多表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果，其前可加only表示强调。
P38
1．________________一个大型购物广场/中心
2．________________拆毁；拆除
3．________________清除木制摊位
4．________________把……清除掉
5．________________支持；赞成；赞同
P39
1．________________进行一次面对面采访
2．________________编辑新闻
3．________________发布新闻
4．________________改革开放
5．________________开始从事；着手(某工作)
6．________________铺平道路；创造条件
7．________________一个全面现代化社会主义国家
8．________________一个西方工业化国家
9．________________开拓创新；有所发现
10．________________分享……的成果
11．________________还有；而且；更重要的是；更有甚者
12．________________“一带一路”倡议
13．________________一个新开端
14．________________通向一个繁荣的新时代
P40
1．________________一个技术中心
2．________________奠定坚实的基础
3．________________毫无疑问；的确
4．________________经历变化
5．________________一项政策的采用/推行
6．________________一个经济特区
过去进行时的被动语态
1．定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。
The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport．
当我们到达机场时，货物正在被装载。
2．构成
(1)肯定句：主语＋was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then．
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
(2)否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday．
昨天这个时候他没有在修理电视机。
(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
What was being done to the machine then
那时正在对这台机器采取什么措施？
[即时训练1]——句型转换
①TheywereholdingameetingwhenI arrived there．
→________________________________________________(被动语态)
②Hiscarwasbeingrepaired when I came in．
→______________________________________________________(否定句)
③The manwasbeingquestionedbythe policeman at that time．
→_______________________________________________(对The man进行提问)
3．基本用法
(1)表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的被动动作。常用的时间状语有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday．
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
You were being expected by them yesterday，but you didn't turn up．
昨天他们一直在等你，可你没有来。
(2)用于条件或时间状语从句中，代替过去将来时的被动语态。
She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something．
她告诉我如果她被什么事给耽搁了，那么我就得替她去。
(3)表示过去某时刻按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作。
The host said that some rock music was being played by them next．
主持人说下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
[温馨提示] 过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then．(表示被动、正在进行的动作)
当时有几个病人正在当地的医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then．(表示过去发生的动作)
当时有几个病人在当地的医院接受治疗。
[即时训练2]——单句语法填空
①Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as his car________________(repair)．
②The students' attention______________(fix) on their study when all the lights went out．
③They were living with their grandparents last month because their own house________________(rebuild)．
④When we visited my grandparents last
weekend，their new house_______________(paint)．
⑤The lost girl_________________(look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park．
短文语境填空
I heard that the school where I once studied would be rebuilt，so I went there quickly．When I got there，the gate of the school 1．________________(pull) down．I was heartbroken．The big tree in the garden 2．________________(cut) down by some workers．The teaching building 3．________________(destroy) by forklifts(铲车)．Bricks 4．_______________(clean) up and garbage 5．________________(carry) away by trucks．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①emoji n．表情符号
②cafeteria n．自助餐厅
③run late 晚了
run early/on time早了/准时
④an attempt to do．．．做……的尝试/企图
attempt n．& vt．试图，尝试
at the first attempt第一次尝试
attempt to do sth．试图做某事
⑤follow the trend of．．．追随……的潮流
trend n．趋势，趋向
a downward/an upward trend in．．．在……方面下滑/上升的趋势
⑥an integral component一个不可缺少的组成部分
integral adj．不可缺少的
component n．组成部分
a key/vital component一个重要的/至关重要的组成部分
⑦express oneself表达自我/表达自己的思想感情
⑧symbol n．符号；标志；象征
sign n．符号；记号
symbolise v．象征，是……的象征
symbolic adj．象征性的
⑨come in different categories有不同的种类
come [熟词生义]v．有(货)；可提供
come in．．．有……
category n．类别
⑩be limited to被限制在……
limit v．限制，限定
expand upon详述，充分叙述
the word of the year年度热词
the man/woman of the year年度最优秀人物
pictograph n．象形图
have advantages over比……有优势
emotional adj．情绪(上)的，情感(上)的
emotion n．情感，情绪
gesture n．手势，姿势
facial expression面部表情
facial adj．脸上的；面部的
a string of 一串
separation n．分开，分离；离别
separate v．(使)分离，分散
separate A from/and B把A与B分开
spread to蔓延至，扩散到
textspeak n．短信简写语
intention n．意图，目的
adaptation n．改编版
accessible adj．容易理解的，易懂的；易接近的
take away拿走，带走，使消失
heart and soul精髓；全心全意
soul n．精神
have a tendency to do sth．有做某事的趋势
tendency n．趋势，倾向
facilitate v．促进；使便利
facilitation n．简易化，简便化，促进
educator n．教育工作者
pictorial adj．图画的
Emojis①：a new language
[1]While waiting outside the cafeteria②，I received the following message from my friend：
[1]此处是时间状语从句“While I was waiting outside the cafeteria”的省略形式。
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant． The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late③ and would be there soon． Instead of replying with a simple “OK，don't rush”， I searched for emojis on my phone that would express the same message：
This was my attempt to④ follow the trend of⑤ communicating with emojis． Emojis are used everywhere，from text messages to emails，blogs and other social media networks． With the rapid development of social media，emojis are becoming an integral component⑥ of the language we use to express ourselves⑦．
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally meaning “picture character”． Emojis are small symbols⑧ representing ideas，emotions or feelings． They come in different categories⑨， such as faces and people，plants and animals，and food and drink．
When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to⑩ 176 simple designs．[2]Now there are more than 3，000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate． Due to their popularity，the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was，for the first time ever，a pictograph instead of a traditional word．
[2]本句是主从复合句。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词more than 3，000 emojis，该从句中的in which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
In today's world，emojis have become more and more popular． It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language．[3]People like them because they add emotional meaning，and are quick and easy to use．In fact，this is similar to the gestures we use when we speak． [4]With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words．Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words． For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation ．
[3]本句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，该从句中的are quick and easy to use是“be＋adj．＋动词不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[4]“With a．．．added to a message or post”是with复合结构，宾补由过去分词短语充当，face与add之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。while reading your words是时间状语从句的省略形式。
The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature． A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis． The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers． Some people，however，believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays．
As we can see，emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place． Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves． [5]But this makes others，especially educators ，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word，or even the spoken word．[6]After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures，and forget how to write properly． On that day，emojis [7] will have become a real pictorial “language”． But，for now，maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them．
[5]本句是主从复合句。“makes others，especially educators，worry that．．．”属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由不带to的不定式短语充当，that在句中引导宾语从句。
[6]本句中包含“would rather do sth．than do sth．”结构，意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
[7]此处用将来完成时表示在将来某个时间已经完成的动作。
表情符号：一门新语言？
在自助餐厅外等待的时候，我收到了朋友发来的消息：
我花了一分钟才理解这条消息的意思。这些符号是想说他要迟到了，会尽快过来。我没有简单地回复“好，别着急”，而是从手机上搜索了几个表达相同意思的表情符号：
这是我追随使用表情符号交流这一潮流的一次尝试。表情符号无处不在，从短信到电子邮件、博客以及其他社交媒体网络都会使用表情符号。随着社交媒体的飞速发展，表情符号正在成为我们用于表达自我的语言不可或缺的一部分。
“emoji”一词源于日语，字面意思是“图画文字”。表情符号是表示想法、情绪或感受的小图标。它们可分为不同类别，比如面部表情和人物、动植物、食品饮料等。
1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。但现在我们能使用3 000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。由于表情符号的风靡，牛津词典2015年的年度热词是，这是图画文字首次替代了传统意义上的单词。
在当今世界，表情符号越来越受欢迎。表情符号似乎比书面语言更具明显优势。人们喜欢它们，因为它们增添了语言的情感含义，使用方便快捷。事实上，这就像我们说话时用的手势一样。当在信息或帖子中加一个微笑表情或悲伤表情时，你的读者在读你写的内容时就能“看到”你的面部表情。表情符号还能帮助人们在找不到合适的词汇时表达他们的感受。举个例子，假如你的朋友将要搬去另一个国家，你可以发给他们一串哭脸，来表达自己对于你们将要分离的忧伤之情。
表情符号的使用甚至蔓延到经典文学之中。一套为年轻读者写的、内容取材于威廉·莎士比亚流行戏剧的系列丛书，就把书中一些词语更换为了短信简写语和表情符号。这些改写的目的是使经典著作更容易被年轻读者接受。然而，也有人认为这些新版本剥夺了莎士比亚戏剧的精髓。
正如我们所见，表情符号的趋势是变得越来越随处可见。表情符号的使用者声称它们更便于我们沟通交流、表达自我。但是这使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，担心我们正在失去使用书面语甚至口语来正确沟通的能力。毕竟，现如今，我们当中有多少人宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的短信，也不愿意打电话？或许有一天，人们会选择用图片来交流，忘记怎样正确书写。到那一天，表情符号将成为真正的图画“语言”。但是现在，或许我们最好还是享受使用它们的乐趣吧！
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①be emphasised ②emphasis ③a．We can not emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much． b．We can not put/lay/place emphasis on the importance protecting our eyes too much．
2．①down ②up ③into ④tore ⑤tearing my heart out
3．①in ②for ③in favour of the proposal
4．①set out ②figure out/work out ③leave out ④figure out why you fail
句法句式
①causing ②to be told ③leading to a great increase in production
词块积累
P381．a shopping mall 2．tear down 3．remove the wooden stands 4．clear away 5．in favour of
P391．do an interview face to face 2．edit news 3．release news 4．reform and opening up 5．start out 6．pave the way 7．a fully modernised socialist country 8．a Western industrialised country 9．break new ground 10．share the fruits of 11．what's more 12．the Belt and Road Initiative 13．a new dawn 14．lead into a new era of prosperity
P401．a centre of technology 2．form a solid basis 3．without doubt 4．undergo changes 5．the introduction of a policy 6．a special economic zone
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①A meeting was being held by them when I arrived there． ②His car was not being repaired when I came in． ③Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time
[即时训练2]
①was being repaired ②was being fixed ③was being rebuilt ④was being painted ⑤was being looked
巩固落实
1．was being pulled 2．was being cut 3．was being destroyed 4．were being cleaned 5．was being carried
1/1(共56张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 3 Times change!
主题语境 人与社会—— 科技发展与信息技术创新
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性；重视……
(2)emphasis n． 强调；重视；重要性
put/lay/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
1．emphasise v．强调
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①(应用文之通知) It should _____________ (emphasise) that everyone should come before the deadline．
②The _________ (emphasise) is very much on learning the spoken language．
be emphasised
emphasis
③我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
a．________________________________________________________(emphasise)
b．____________________________________________________________________________(emphasis)
We can not emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much．
We can not put/lay/place emphasis on the importance protecting our eyes too much．
tear up 撕碎；撕毁(文件等)
tear...into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear...in half/into halves 把……撕成两半
tear apart 使四分五裂；使(关系密切的人)分离/分开
tear one's heart out 使某人心如刀绞/伤心欲绝
2．tear down拆毁；拆除
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We're planning to tear _____ the wall between the kitchen and the dining room．
②He told the lawyer to tear __ the old contract and to prepare a new one．
③If you tear the paper ____ halves，we can each have something to write on．
down
up
into
④(读后续写之动作描写)He ____ (tear) apart the two tickets and handed one to me．
⑤(读后续写之情感描写)想到那些贫穷、饥饿的孩子，我心如刀绞。
The thought of those poor，hungry children was _________________．
tore
tearing my heart out
ask sb．a favour＝ask a favour of sb． 请某人帮忙
do sb．a favour＝do a favour for sb． 帮某人一个忙
in one's favour 对某人有利
3．in favour of支持；赞成
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①This candidate has a lot __ her favour，especially her experience of teaching．
②(应用文之求助信)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do a favour ___ me．
③Only a quarter of the students were for the proposal while a half of them were against it．
→Only a quarter of the students were _____________________ while a half of them were against it．
in
for
in favour of the proposal
break out 爆发
leave out 遗漏，不包括
pick out 精心挑选；辨别出；认出来
work out 计算出；解决；锻炼身体
give out 用完，耗尽；分发；发出，放出(光、热等)
set out 出发，动身
4．figure out想出；弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白；计算出
[即学即练]——用“动词＋out”短语填空/完成句子
①They ______ for the local supermarket together and bought some paper bags for popcorn．
②It is difficult to ___________________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied．
③The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story．
④不必为失败气馁，但你要弄清楚失败的原因。
There is no need to be discouraged by failure，but you ought to ____________________．
set out
figure out/work out
leave out
figure out why you fail
(教材P39)It has allowed China to accomplish in just four decades what took Western industrialised countries more than 200 years to achieve，breaking new ground in the history of human achievement．
它使中国用了仅仅四十年的时间就取得了西方工业化国家200多年才取得的成就，这在人类成就史上是具有开创性的。
动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
(1)“breaking...achievement”是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
(2)动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语的用法：
①语法含义：多表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，动词-ing形式(短语)前可加thus 以示强调。
②逻辑主语：多为句子的主语或动词-ing形式(短语)前的整个句子，其逻辑主语与构成动词-ing形式的动词之间通常为主谓关系。
③时态特征：动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此动词-ing形式只用一般式。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/同义句转换
①It rained heavily，thus _______ (cause) terrible flooding in the area．
②We hurried to the hotel，only ________ (tell) that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather．
③Muchadvancedtechnologyhasbeen
introduced to the company，so that there is a great increase in production．
→Much advanced technology has been introduced to the company，___________________________________．
causing
to be told
leading to a great increase in production
[温馨提示]
动词-ing形式 (短语) 表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。
不定式(短语) 多表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果，其前可加only表示强调。
P38
1．______________ 一个大型购物广场/中心
2．_________ 拆毁；拆除
3．_______________________ 清除木制摊位
4．__________ 把……清除掉
5．__________ 支持；赞成；赞同
a shopping mall
tear down
remove the wooden stands
clear away
in favour of
P39
1．________________________ 进行一次面对面采访
2．_________ 编辑新闻
3．____________ 发布新闻
4．_____________________ 改革开放
5．________ 开始从事；着手(某工作)
6．___________ 铺平道路；创造条件
do an interview face to face
edit news
release news
reform and opening-up
start out
pave the way
7．______________________________ 一个全面现代化社会主义国家
8．______________________________ 一个西方工业化国家
9．_______________ 开拓创新；有所发现
10．________________ 分享……的成果
11．_____________ 还有；而且；更重要的是；更有甚者
12．________________________ “一带一路”倡议
13．__________ 一个新开端
14．____________________________ 通向一个繁荣的新时代
a fully-modernised socialist country
a Western industrialised country
break new ground
share the fruits of
what's more
the Belt and Road Initiative
a new dawn
lead into a new era of prosperity
P40
1．___________________ 一个技术中心
2．________________ 奠定坚实的基础
3．_____________ 毫无疑问；的确
4．______________ 经历变化
5．________________________ 一项政策的采用/推行
6．_____________________ 一个经济特区
a centre of technology
form a solid basis
without doubt
undergo changes
the introduction of a policy
a special economic zone
过去进行时的被动语态
1．定义
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。
The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport．
当我们到达机场时，货物正在被装载。
2．构成
(1)肯定句：主语＋was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then．
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
(2)否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday．
昨天这个时候他没有在修理电视机。
(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
What was being done to the machine then
那时正在对这台机器采取什么措施？
[即时训练1]——句型转换
①They were holding a meeting when I arrived there．
→___________________________________________________ (被动语态)
②His car was being repaired when I came in．
→___________________________________________ (否定句)
③The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time．
→______________________________________________ (对The man进行提问)
A meeting was being held by them when I arrived there．
His car was not being repaired when I came in．
Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time
3．基本用法
(1)表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的被动动作。常用的时间状语有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday．
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
You were being expected by them yesterday，but you didn't turn up．
昨天他们一直在等你，可你没有来。
(2)用于条件或时间状语从句中，代替过去将来时的被动语态。
She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something．
她告诉我如果她被什么事给耽搁了，那么我就得替她去。
(3)表示过去某时刻按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作。
The host said that some rock music was being played by them next．
主持人说下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
[温馨提示] 过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then．(表示被动、正在进行的动作)
当时有几个病人正在当地的医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then．(表示过去发生的动作)
当时有几个病人在当地的医院接受治疗。
[即时训练2]——单句语法填空
①Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as his car _________________(repair)．
②The students' attention ______________(fix) on their study when all the lights went out．
③They were living with their grandparents last month because their own house ________________(rebuild)．
was being repaired
was being fixed
was being rebuilt
④When we visited my grandparents last weekend，their new house ________________ (paint)．
⑤The lost girl _______________ (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park．
was being painted
was being looked
短文语境填空
I heard that the school where I once studied would be rebuilt，so I went there quickly．When I got there，the gate of the school 1．_______________ (pull) down．I was heartbroken．The big tree in the garden 2．____________ (cut) down by some workers．The teaching building 3．__________________ (destroy) by forklifts(铲车)．Bricks 4．_________________(clean) up and garbage 5．________________ (carry) away by trucks．
was being pulled
was being cut
was being destroyed
were being cleaned
was being carried
①emoji n．表情符号
②cafeteria n．自助餐厅
③run late 晚了
run early/on time早了/准时
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
④an attempt to do...做……的尝试/企图
attempt n．& vt．试图，尝试
at the first attempt第一次尝试
attempt to do sth．试图做某事
⑤follow the trend of...追随……的潮流
trend n．趋势，趋向
a downward/an upward trend in...在……方面下滑/上升的趋势
⑥an integral component一个不可缺少的组成部分
integral adj．不可缺少的
component n．组成部分
a key/vital component一个重要的/至关重要的组成部分
⑦express oneself表达自我/表达自己的思想感情
⑧symbol n．符号；标志；象征
sign n．符号；记号
symbolise v．象征，是……的象征
symbolic adj．象征性的
⑨come in different categories有不同的种类
come [熟词生义]v．有(货)；可提供
come in...有……
category n．类别
⑩be limited to被限制在……
limit v．限制，限定
expand upon详述，充分叙述
the word of the year年度热词
the man/woman of the year年度最优秀人物
pictograph n．象形图
have advantages over比……有优势
emotional adj．情绪(上)的，情感(上)的
emotion n．情感，情绪
gesture n．手势，姿势
facial expression面部表情
facial adj．脸上的；面部的
a string of 一串
separation n．分开，分离；离别
separate v．(使)分离，分散
separate A from/and B把A与B分开
spread to蔓延至，扩散到
textspeak n．短信简写语
intention n．意图，目的
adaptation n．改编版
accessible adj．容易理解的，易懂的；易接近的
take away拿走，带走，使消失
heart and soul精髓；全心全意
soul n．精神
have a tendency to do sth．有做某事的趋势
tendency n．趋势，倾向
facilitate v．促进；使便利
facilitation n．简易化，简便化，促进
educator n．教育工作者
pictorial adj．图画的
Emojis①：a new language
[1]While waiting outside the cafeteria②，I received the following message from my friend：
[1]此处是时间状语从句“While I was waiting outside the cafeteria”的省略形式。
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant．The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late③ and would be there soon．Instead of replying with a simple “OK，don't rush”， I searched for emojis on my phone that would express the same message：
This was my attempt to④ follow the trend of⑤ communicating with emojis．Emojis are used everywhere，from text messages to emails，blogs and other social media networks．With the rapid development of social media，emojis are becoming an integral component⑥ of the language we use to express ourselves⑦．
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally meaning “picture character”．Emojis are small symbols⑧ representing ideas，emotions or feelings．They come in different categories⑨， such as faces and people，plants and animals，and food and drink．
When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to⑩ 176 simple designs．[2]Now there are more than 3，000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate． Due to their popularity，the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was，for the first time ever，a pictograph instead of a traditional word．
[2]本句是主从复合句。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词more than 3，000 emojis，该从句中的in which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
In today's world，emojis have become more and more popular．It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language．[3]People like them because they add emotional meaning，and are quick and easy to use．In fact，this is similar to the gestures we use when we speak．[4]With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words．Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words．For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation ．
[3]本句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，该从句中的are quick and easy to use是“be＋adj．＋动词不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[4]“With a...added to a message or post”是with复合结构，宾补由过去分词短语充当，face与add之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。while reading your words是时间状语从句的省略形式。
The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature．A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis．The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．Some people，however，believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays．
As we can see，emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place．Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves．[5]But this makes others，especially educators ，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word，or even the spoken word．[6]After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures，and forget how to write properly．On that day，emojis [7] will have become a real pictorial “language”．But，for now，maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them．
[5]本句是主从复合句。“makes others，especially educators，worry that...”属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由不带to的不定式短语充当，that在句中引导宾语从句。
[6]本句中包含“would rather do sth．than do sth．”结构，意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
[7]此处用将来完成时表示在将来某个时间已经完成的动作。
表情符号：一门新语言？
在自助餐厅外等待的时候，我收到了朋友发来的消息：
我花了一分钟才理解这条消息的意思。这些符号是想说他要迟到了，会尽快过来。我没有简单地回复“好，别着急”，而是从手机上搜索了几个表达相同意思的表情符号：
这是我追随使用表情符号交流这一潮流的一次尝试。表情符号无处不在，从短信到电子邮件、博客以及其他社交媒体网络都会使用表情符号。随着社交媒体的飞速发展，表情符号正在成为我们用于表达自我的语言不可或缺的一部分。
“emoji”一词源于日语，字面意思是“图画文字”。表情符号是表示想法、情绪或感受的小图标。它们可分为不同类别，比如面部表情和人物、动植物、食品饮料等。
1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。但现在我们能使用3 000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。由于表情符号的风靡，牛津词典2015年的年度热词是 ，这是图画文字首次替代了传统意义上的单词。
在当今世界，表情符号越来越受欢迎。表情符号似乎比书面语言更具明显优势。人们喜欢它们，因为它们增添了语言的情感含义，使用方便快捷。事实上，这就像我们说话时用的手势一样。当在信息或帖子中加一个微笑表情或悲伤表情时，你的读者在读你写的内容时就能“看到”你的面部表情。表情符号还能帮助人们在找不到合适的词汇时表达他们的感受。举个例子，假如你的朋友将要搬去另一个国家，你可以发给他们一串哭脸，来表达自己对于你们将要分离的忧伤之情。
表情符号的使用甚至蔓延到经典文学之中。一套为年轻读者写的、内容取材于威廉·莎士比亚流行戏剧的系列丛书，就把书中一些词语更换为了短信简写语和表情符号。这些改写的目的是使经典著作更容易被年轻读者接受。然而，也有人认为这些新版本剥夺了莎士比亚戏剧的精髓。
正如我们所见，表情符号的趋势是变得越来越随处可见。表情符号的使用者声称它们更便于我们沟通交流、表达自我。但是这使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，担心我们正在失去使用书面语甚至口语来正确沟通的能力。毕竟，现如今，我们当中有多少人宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的短信，也不愿意打电话？或许有一天，人们会选择用图片来交流，忘记怎样正确书写。到那一天，表情符号将成为真正的图画“语言”。但是现在，或许我们最好还是享受使用它们的乐趣吧！
THANKS
