Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主语从句
一、主语从句的概念与类型
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词引导。
That she was chosen made us very happy．
她当选了这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present．
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question．
我们何时开运动会还是个问题。
(一)连接词(that，whether)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的that或whether只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that没有意义；whether表示“是否”。
That light travels in a straight line is known to all．
光沿直线传播是众所周知的。
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．
他是否来与我无关。
(二)连接代词(who，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的连接代词既有意义又充当句子的成分(如主语、宾语)。
Whoever is interested in the contest can sign up before April 20．
有兴趣参加比赛的人可以在4月20日前报名参加。
I think what you need now is a good meal．
我想你现在需要的是一顿美餐。
(三)连接副词(when，where，how，why)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的连接副词有意义，在从句中作状语。
How this could be done was a good question．
这如何实现是个值得研究的问题。
Why she didn't show up remains a puzzle．
她为什么没来依然是个谜。
[即时训练1] 补全句子
①__________________ (人们忘记的事情)is that the Italians，when they came to Australia，brought 2，000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3，000 years，and the Chinese more still．
②_____________________ (无论谁赢得这次比赛) will have a chance to go to America．
③______________________________ (会议将在哪儿举行) is not known to us．
④_________________________________ (他是否获得了第一名)was not important．
二、主语从句与形式主语it
主语从句通常放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构保持平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，把从句放在后面，连词that可以省略。
(一)it作形式主语，主语从句后置的常用句型
1．It is＋adj．/n．＋从句
It is a pity/shame (that)...遗憾的是……
It is possible (that)...很可能……
It is unlikely (that)...不可能……
It is a pity (that) she has made such a mistake．
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident．
现在还不清楚谁对那起事故负责。
2．It＋be＋过去分词＋从句
It is said/reported (that)...据说/报道……
It is known to all (that)...众所周知……
It is believed (that)...人们相信……
It is believed (that) oceans play a critical role in the world．
人们相信海洋在世界上起着关键作用。
It is known (that) China has made great progress in space exploration．
众所周知，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进步。
(二)主语从句中的虚拟语气
1．在It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required＋that...中，that从句的谓语应该用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time．
有人建议我们再做一次实验。
2．在It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...句型中， that从句的谓语应该用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is important that we(should) learn to communicate with others efficiently．
我们学会有效地与他人沟通是很重要的。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①__ is a pity that not everyone can be polite to the elderly．
②It is suggested that children _________________(give) more free time to develop their creativity．
③Mike is said to be learning Chinese．
→______________ Mike is learning Chinese．
④It is necessary for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon．
→It is necessary that all of us __________________________________ this afternoon．
三、主语从句引导词的区别
(一)that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...，意为“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
What we can't get seems better than what we have．
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的更好。
That labor can make us healthy and happy is a fact we can't overlook．
劳动可以使我们健康和快乐，这是一个我们不能忽视的事实。
(二)what和whatever
what表示“所……的(东西/事情)”，whatever表示“无论什么”。
What he has told us is of great importance．
他所告诉我们的至关重要。
Whatever David says sounds right to Helen．
无论戴维说什么，海伦听着都对。
(三)which和whichever
which表示“哪一个”，whichever表示“无论哪一个”
Which book he is looking for is not known to us．
我们不知道他在找哪一本书。
Whichever way you choose has nothing to do with me．
无论你选择哪条路都和我没有关系。
(四)who和whoever
who表示“谁”，whoever表示“无论谁”
Who can work out the maths problem is unclear．
谁能解出这道数学题还不清楚。
Whoever can work out the maths problem will be rewarded．
无论谁能解出这道数学题都会被奖励。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①___ stole my car has not been found out．
②_____ doctor you want to see is up to you．
③_______ catches the thief will be rewarded．
④____ we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
⑤____ the earth goes around the sun is known to all．
短文语境填空
It is true 1．____ experiences are acquired through our journey of life．2．____ we believe and 3．___ we look at things and people around us are based on all our experiences in life．Despite the fact that things and life are the way they are，we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody．Other people have opinions about us as well．But 4．____ really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves．5．____ other people believe can be accepted and followed，but 6．_______ you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life is for you to decide．
By living a life as it is and being yourself，you create an image about what you value most and whom you admire most．You should remember how important it is to be yourself．7．___ you are and 8．___ you feel are determined by the image that you create about yourself．It determines how successful you become in life and reminds you where you are standing in life．In short，you are as happy or sad as you see yourself．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①capture vt．俘获，捕获
②torture v．拷打，拷问
③out of mercy出于怜悯
mercy n．仁慈，宽恕
④be sentenced to death被判死刑
sentence v．判决，判刑
⑤commit v．犯(罪)
⑥be safe from...免受……
⑦still adj．静止的，安静的，寂静的
⑧graceful adj．优美的，优雅的
grace n．优美，优雅
⑨fresh adj．新的，不同的
⑩defect n．缺点，缺陷，毛病
glance n．扫视，匆匆一看
beyond one's
comprehension令某人费解
beyond prep．超出(理解或信任的范围)
comprehension n．理解(力)
adjust to适应
adjust oneself to sth．使某人自己适应某事/物
exclaim v．(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊，惊叫
heartfelt adj．衷心的，诚挚的
a heartfelt apology诚挚的道歉
compassion n．怜悯，同情
compassion for... 对……的同情
next to与……相比
accent n．口音
utter v．(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
syllable n．音节
at the present moment 此刻，目前，眼下
immense adj．巨大的
be honest＝to be honest老实说
resemble v．像，与……类似，与……相似
whilst conj．而(用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别)
heartbreaking adj．令人悲伤的
expression n．表情；神色
facial expressions 面部表情
intently adv．专心地；一心一意地
intent adj．热切的；专注的
attempt to do sth．试图做某事
repay v．报答
repay sth．with sth．用某物回报某物
repay sb．for sth．因某事报答某人
profound adj．(感情)强烈的，深切的
tenderness n．柔情
tender adj．温柔的，亲切的
a point of honour体面攸关的事
keep/hold... at bay阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事情)
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris．Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her．One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda． But Quasimodo fails and is captured①and tortured②in public．Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy③．She offers Quasimodo a drink of water，which saves him and also captures his heart．When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death④for a crime she did not commit⑤，Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral．Esmeralda is safe from⑥execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral[1]...
[1]as long as引导的条件状语从句，as long as意为“只要”。
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still⑦for several moments，as they considered their predicament in silence[2]，she so graceful⑧，he so repulsive[3]．Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑨defect⑩in Quasimodo，as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back，from his hunched back to his single eye．How anyone could be formed in such a way[4] was beyond her comprehension ．Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it．
[2]as引导的时间状语从句。
[3]独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
[4]how引导的主语从句。
He was the first to break the silence[5]．“So you were telling me to return？”
[5]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first。
She moved her head，and said，“Yes．”
He understood the motion of the head．“But！” he said，as though hesitating whether to finish[6]，“I am—I am deaf．”
[6]作方式状语，相当于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。
“Poor wretch！”exclaimed Esmeralda，with an expression of heartfelt compassion ．
He began to smile sadly．
“You suppose that was all that I was missing[7]，do you not？Yes，I am deaf，that is the way I am made．It is horrible，is it not，next to your exquisite beauty！”
[7]省略了引导词的宾语从句，第一个that在宾语从句中作主语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all。
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable ． In any case，he would not have heard her．He continued：
“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment ．[8] When I compare myself to you，I feel an immense pity for myself，poor unfortunate monster that I am！Be honest ，to you I must resemble some savage creature．You，you are a ray of sunshine，a drop of dew，a birdsong，whilst I am something terrible，neither human nor beast．I don't know what I am，as I am coarser，more downtrodden，and plainer than a pebble！”
[8]本句中否定副词never位于句首，句子用了倒装。as在此处作介词，意为“像”。
Then he began to laugh，and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world．He continued：
“Yes，I am deaf，but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me[9]，and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips，from your expression ．”
[9]as引导的方式状语从句，as表示“按……的方式”。
“Well！”she smiled，“Explain to me why you rescued me．”
He watched her intently while she was speaking．
“I understand，” he replied．“You ask me why I rescued you．You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night，this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished．A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay with my life．You have forgotten that unfortunate soul，but he remembers it．”
She listened to him with profound tenderness ．A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo，but did not fall．He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay ．
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外愤怒的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
他首先打破了沉默。“那么你是叫我回来吗？”
她点点头，答道：“是的。”
他明白点头的意思。“不过，”他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，“我是……我是聋人。”
“可怜的人！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心地对他表示同情。
他苦笑起来。
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对？是啊，我是聋人，生来如此。真是可怕，不是吗？而你呢，却如此美丽！”
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
“我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊！说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光，一滴露珠，像鸟鸣声，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼！”
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声。他接着说道：
“是啊，我是聋人。但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。”
“好啊！”她微笑着说道，“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
她说话的时候，他专注地看着她。
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。”
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
(改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①What people forget ②Whoever wins the game ③Where the meeting will be held ④Whether he won first place or not
[即时训练2]
①It ②(should) be given ③It's said that ④(should) be present at the meeting
[即时训练3]
①Who ②Which ③Whoever ④What ⑤That
巩固落实
1．that 2．What 3．how 4．what 5．What 6．whether
7．Who 8．how
1 / 1(共44张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 1 Face values
主题语境
人与自我——正确的人生态度
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
主语从句
一、主语从句的概念与类型
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句可由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词引导。
That she was chosen made us very happy．
她当选了这件事使我们很高兴。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present．
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question．
我们何时开运动会还是个问题。
(一)连接词(that，whether)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的that或whether只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that没有意义；whether表示“是否”。
That light travels in a straight line is known to all．
光沿直线传播是众所周知的。
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．
他是否来与我无关。
(二)连接代词(who，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的连接代词既有意义又充当句子的成分(如主语、宾语)。
Whoever is interested in the contest can sign up before April 20．
有兴趣参加比赛的人可以在4月20日前报名参加。
I think what you need now is a good meal．
我想你现在需要的是一顿美餐。
(三)连接副词(when，where，how，why)引导的主语从句。这类从句中的连接副词有意义，在从句中作状语。
How this could be done was a good question．
这如何实现是个值得研究的问题。
Why she didn't show up remains a puzzle．
她为什么没来依然是个谜。
[即时训练1] 补全句子
①__________________ (人们忘记的事情)is that the Italians，when they came to Australia，brought 2，000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3，000 years，and the Chinese more still．
②____________________ (无论谁赢得这次比赛) will have a chance to go to America．
③____________________________ (会议将在哪儿举行) is not known to us．
④______________________________ (他是否获得了第一名)was not important．
What people forget
Whoever wins the game
Where the meeting will be held
Whether he won first place or not
二、主语从句与形式主语it
主语从句通常放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构保持平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，把从句放在后面，连词that可以省略。
(一)it作形式主语，主语从句后置的常用句型
1．It is＋adj．/n．＋从句
It is a pity/shame (that)...遗憾的是……
It is possible (that)...很可能……
It is unlikely (that)...不可能……
It is a pity (that) she has made such a mistake．
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident．
现在还不清楚谁对那起事故负责。
2．It＋be＋过去分词＋从句
It is said/reported (that)...据说/报道……
It is known to all (that)...众所周知……
It is believed (that)...人们相信……
It is believed (that) oceans play a critical role in the world．
人们相信海洋在世界上起着关键作用。
It is known (that) China has made great progress in space exploration．
众所周知，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进步。
(二)主语从句中的虚拟语气
1．在It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required＋that...中，that从句的谓语应该用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time．
有人建议我们再做一次实验。
2．在It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...句型中， that从句的谓语应该用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is important that we(should) learn to communicate with others efficiently．
我们学会有效地与他人沟通是很重要的。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①__ is a pity that not everyone can be polite to the elderly．
②It is suggested that children _________________(give) more free time to develop their creativity．
③Mike is said to be learning Chinese．
→_____________ Mike is learning Chinese．
④It is necessary for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon．
→It is necessary that all of us _____________________________ this afternoon．
It
(should) be given
It's said that
(should) be present at the meeting
三、主语从句引导词的区别
(一)that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...，意为“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。
What we can't get seems better than what we have．
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的更好。
That labor can make us healthy and happy is a fact we can't overlook．
劳动可以使我们健康和快乐，这是一个我们不能忽视的事实。
(二)what和whatever
what表示“所……的(东西/事情)”，whatever表示“无论什么”。
What he has told us is of great importance．
他所告诉我们的至关重要。
Whatever David says sounds right to Helen．
无论戴维说什么，海伦听着都对。
(三)which和whichever
which表示“哪一个”，whichever表示“无论哪一个”
Which book he is looking for is not known to us．
我们不知道他在找哪一本书。
Whichever way you choose has nothing to do with me．
无论你选择哪条路都和我没有关系。
(四)who和whoever
who表示“谁”，whoever表示“无论谁”
Who can work out the maths problem is unclear．
谁能解出这道数学题还不清楚。
Whoever can work out the maths problem will be rewarded．
无论谁能解出这道数学题都会被奖励。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①_____ stole my car has not been found out．
②_______ doctor you want to see is up to you．
③_______ catches the thief will be rewarded．
④______ we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
⑤_____ the earth goes around the sun is known to all．
Who
Which
Whoever
What
That
短文语境填空
It is true 1．____ experiences are acquired through our journey of life．2．____ we believe and 3．____ we look at things and people around us are based on all our experiences in life．Despite the fact that things and life are the way they are，we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody．Other people have opinions about us as well．But 4．____ really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves．5．____ other people believe can be accepted and followed，but 6．_______ you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life is for you to decide．
that
What
how
what
What
whether
By living a life as it is and being yourself，you create an image about what you value most and whom you admire most．You should remember how important it is to be yourself．7．______ you are and 8．______ you feel are determined by the image that you create about yourself．It determines how successful you become in life and reminds you where you are standing in life．In short，you are as happy or sad as you see yourself．
Who
how
①capture vt．俘获，捕获
②torture v．拷打，拷问
③out of mercy出于怜悯
mercy n．仁慈，宽恕
④be sentenced to death被判死刑
sentence v．判决，判刑
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤commit v．犯(罪)
⑥be safe from...免受……
⑦still adj．静止的，安静的，寂静的
⑧graceful adj．优美的，优雅的
grace n．优美，优雅
⑨fresh adj．新的，不同的
⑩defect n．缺点，缺陷，毛病
glance n．扫视，匆匆一看
beyond one's
comprehension令某人费解
beyond prep．超出(理解或信任的范围)
comprehension n．理解(力)
adjust to适应
adjust oneself to sth．使某人自己适应某事/物
exclaim v．(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊，惊叫
heartfelt adj．衷心的，诚挚的
a heartfelt apology诚挚的道歉
compassion n．怜悯，同情
compassion for... 对……的同情
next to与……相比
accent n．口音
utter v．(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
syllable n．音节
at the present moment 此刻，目前，眼下
immense adj．巨大的
be honest＝to be honest老实说
resemble v．像，与……类似，与……相似
whilst conj．而(用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别)
heartbreaking adj．令人悲伤的
expression n．表情；神色
facial expressions 面部表情
intently adv．专心地；一心一意地
intent adj．热切的；专注的
attempt to do sth．试图做某事
repay v．报答
repay sth．with sth．用某物回报某物
repay sb．for sth．因某事报答某人
profound adj．(感情)强烈的，深切的
tenderness n．柔情
tender adj．温柔的，亲切的
a point of honour体面攸关的事
keep/hold... at bay阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事情)
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris．Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her．One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda． But Quasimodo fails and is captured①and tortured②in public．Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy③．She offers Quasimodo a drink of water， which saves him
and also captures his heart．When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death④for a crime she did not commit⑤，Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral．Esmeralda is safe from⑥execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral[1]...
[1]as long as引导的条件状语从句，as long as意为“只要”。
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still⑦for several moments，as they considered their predicament in silence[2]，she so graceful⑧，he so repulsive[3]．Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑨defect⑩in Quasimodo，as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back，from his hunched back to his single eye．How anyone could be formed in such a way[4] was beyond her comprehension ．Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it．
[2]as引导的时间状语从句。
[3]独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
[4]how引导的主语从句。
He was the first to break the silence[5]．“So you were telling me to return？”
[5]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first。
She moved her head，and said，“Yes．”
He understood the motion of the head．“But！” he said，as though hesitating whether to finish[6]，“I am—I am deaf．”
[6]作方式状语，相当于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。
“Poor wretch！”exclaimed Esmeralda，with an expression of heartfelt compassion ．
He began to smile sadly．
“You suppose that was all that I was missing[7]，do you not？Yes，I am deaf，that is the way I am made．It is horrible，is it not，next to your exquisite beauty！”
[7]省略了引导词的宾语从句，第一个that在宾语从句中作主语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all。
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable ． In any case，he would not have heard her．He continued：
“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment ．[8] When I compare myself to you，I feel an immense pity for myself，poor unfortunate monster that I am！Be honest ，to you I must resemble some savage creature．You，you are a ray of sunshine，a drop of dew，a birdsong，whilst I am something terrible，neither human nor beast．I don't know what I am，as I am coarser，more downtrodden，and plainer than a pebble！”
[8]本句中否定副词never位于句首，句子用了倒装。as在此处作介词，意为“像”。
Then he began to laugh，and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world．He continued：
“Yes，I am deaf，but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me[9]，and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips，from your expression ．”
[9]as引导的方式状语从句，as表示“按……的方式”。
“Well！”she smiled，“Explain to me why you rescued me．”
He watched her intently while she was speaking．
“I understand，” he replied．“You ask me why I rescued you．You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night，this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished．A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay with my life．You have forgotten that unfortunate soul，but he remembers it．”
She listened to him with profound tenderness ．A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo，but did not fall．He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay ．
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外愤怒的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
他首先打破了沉默。“那么你是叫我回来吗？”
她点点头，答道：“是的。”
他明白点头的意思。“不过，”他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，“我是……我是聋人。”
“可怜的人！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心地对他表示同情。
他苦笑起来。
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对？是啊，我是聋人，生来如此。真是可怕，不是吗？而你呢，却如此美丽！”
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
“我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊！说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光，一滴露珠，像鸟鸣声，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼！”
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声。他接着说道：
“是啊，我是聋人。但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。”
“好啊！”她微笑着说道，“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
她说话的时候，他专注地看着她。
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。”
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
(改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
THANKS
