Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
表语从句
一、定义
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句说明主语是什么或者怎么样。含表语从句的复合句的一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋引导词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
It seems as if it were spring already．
春天似乎已经来了。
The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem．
事实是我们不知道怎么解决这个问题。
二、引导表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的有that，whether，as if，as though，because等从属连词； who，which，what，whatever等连接代词；how，why，when等连接副词。
The trouble is that we are short of money．
问题是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields．
那就是为什么在新英格兰的田地周围用石头墙而不用栅栏。
(一)由that引导的表语从句
that无词义，也不充当句子成分。
1．主语是事实陈述性名词时，表语从句常用that引导。常见结构为：The fact/news/idea/reason/problem/difference/advantage/possibility等＋be＋ that...
The reason why he is so upset is that his father is coming to school for the teacher-parent meeting today．
他很烦恼的原因是他的父亲今天要来学校参加家长会。
The idea that our class came up with was that we would make better use of used materials．
我们班想出的主意是我们可以更好地利用用过的材料。
[名师点津] 表示某人的意见、信念、猜想等事实陈述性名词前常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Our belief is that things will get better．
我们认为形势会好转。
Tom's guess is that it will rain soon．
汤姆猜测天很快要下雨。
2．主语是what引导的主语从句时，表语从句如果陈述事实也常用that引导。
What matters to him is that he has inner beauty．
对他来说重要的是他有内在美。
What impressed us most was that you showed outstanding talent for art．
给我们印象最深的是你在艺术方面表现出的杰出的才能。
[名师点津] that引导表语从句的特殊用法
(1)当主语是表示建议、要求、命令、请求的名词时，表语从句常由that引导，并且从句中谓语要用(should ＋)动词原形。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow．
我的建议是我们明天应该早点出发。
(2)reason作主语时，表语从句的引导词用that，不用because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning．
他迟到的原因是他错过了今早的第一趟火车。
(3) that的省略。
引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。
My idea is (that) we should do it right away．
我的意见是我们应该马上做这件事。
(二)由whether引导的表语从句
whether意为“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分。
His question is whether the experiment is worth doing．
他的问题是这个实验是否值得做。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①知识应该是让每个人强大的东西。
Knowledge should be ____________________________．
②乔治面对的是他没有钱让生病的母亲得到治疗。
What George was faced with was ___________________________________．
③我的要求是应该给我一个上台表演的机会。
My request is ________________________________ to perform on stage．
④争论的内容是高三的学生是否应该上体育课。
The argument is ________________________________________________．
(三)由because引导的表语从句
because引导的表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because...”结构中，意为“这/那是因为……”。
That's because you can't appreciate music．
那是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
I'm a bit sleepy．It's because I was up all night．
我有点困。那是因为我一夜没睡。
[名师点津] (1)because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since，for等不能引导表语从句。
(2)because 引导的表语从句说明的是原因，why引导的表语从句说明的是结果。
I was late for school this morning．That's because I stayed up too late last night．
今天早上我上学迟到了，那是因为昨晚我熬夜到太晚。
I stayed up too late last night．That's why I was late for school this morning．
我昨晚熬夜到太晚了，那就是我今天早上上学迟到的原因。
[即时训练2] 语法填空
①All the students in my class were late．That was _______ the school bus was held up by a thick fog．
②She was addicted to playing computer games．That was ___ she failed to pass the exam．
(四)由as if，as though引导的表语从句
as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，appear等后面。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home．
室内植物可能看起来好像它们只是坐在周围无所事事，但在许多方面，它们是家里的无名英雄。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word．
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼。
[名师点津] as if/as though引导表语从句，表示情况发生的可能性较小时，常用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，谓语动词用would (might，could)＋动词原形。从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，就用陈述语气。
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times．
就好像她去过月球很多次。
It smells as if someone has been smoking in the room so you'd better open the window to air it．
闻起来好像有人一直在这个房间吸烟，因此你最好打开窗户透透气。
[即时训练3] 完成句子
①看起来要下雨了。
It looks ___________________________________．
②我感觉我好像漂浮在水中。
I feel ____________________________________________．
③肉尝起来好像已经变质了。
The meat tastes _______________________________．
(五)由连接代词引导的表语从句
引导表语从句的连接代词有who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，它们有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。连接代词不能省略。
The problem is who we can get to replace her．
问题是我们能找谁去代替她。
And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater．
成为一名好的滑板者，落地技巧才是重要的。
You can be whoever you want to be．
你可以成为任何你想成为的人。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's ____ it takes to do anything successfully．
②I found all singers performed well，so the problem was ________ I would vote for．
③My question is _____ house this is．
④What the sales girl wants to know is _____ toy a baby will choose on the shelf．
(六)由连接副词引导的表语从句
连接副词 when，where，how，why 有词义，在从句中充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语。
By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
乘船是到达这里的唯一途径，这也是我们到达的方式。
In fact，that's why I am here．
事实上，那是我来这里的原因。
[即时训练5] 单句语法填空
①Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent ___ you respond to it．
②I like drawing；this is ___ I chose to learn art．
③The question is ____ he can arrive at the hotel．
④What we should arrange in advance is _____ we should stay at night while travelling．
短文语境填空
At the age of 20，Sima Qian began travelling extensively across the country．He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information．Learning and travelling were exactly 1．____ helped him in his later career as a historian．
His father's dream was 2．_____ one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history．After his father died，Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian，which facilitated his access to official books and files．However，his work proved difficult．That was 3．_______ sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．His chief concern was 4．________ he could do his job more efficiently．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①courtyard n．庭院，院子
②a three-episode documentary一部三集纪录片
episode n．(电视连续剧或广播剧的)一集
③plainly-dressed衣着朴素的
④precious adj．珍稀的；贵重的
⑤antique n．古董，古玩，古物
⑥restoration n．(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复，整修
restore v．修复，整修
⑦crimson adj．深红色的
⑧workplace n．工作场所
⑨day in，day out日复一日(指不间断)＝day in and day out/day after day
⑩timepiece n．计时器；钟；表
be fond of...喜爱……
envoy n．使者，使节
present sb．with sth．把某物赠送/呈递/颁发给某人
intricate adj．错综复杂的
intricately adv．复杂地
originate v．起源，发源
originate from发源于
given prep．鉴于，考虑到
complexity n．复杂性；难懂
complex adj．复杂的；难懂的
maximum n．最大量，最大值adj．最高的；最多的(缩写为max．)
to the maximum最大限度地
minimum n．最小值；最少量；最低限度adj．最低的；最小的(缩写为min．)
painstaking adj．小心的；费尽心思的；精心的
painstaking efforts艰苦努力
bring...back to life让……获得重生
workshop n．车间，工场
melody n．歌曲；曲调
polish v．擦亮，擦光
polish sth．(up)with sth．用某物把某物擦亮
wind up (给钟表)上发条
wind v．给(钟表等)上发条
gigantic adj．巨大的，庞大的
fashion v．制作，塑造
bark v．(狗)吠叫
flap v．振(翼)，扑动(翅膀)
spin v．将(棉花、羊毛等)纺成(线)，纺(线)
awe-inspiring adj．令人惊叹的
exaggeration n．夸大，夸张
exaggerate v．夸张；夸大；言过其实
metaphor n．隐喻，暗喻
nonetheless adv．然而，但是；尽管如此，虽然如此
nevertheless adv．尽管如此；不过；然而
follow in the footsteps of sb．/follow in sb．'s footsteps
仿效某人
take on承担(责任)；决定做；呈现
take up开始从事；继续
artisan n．工匠，手艺人
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
stand v．经受，承受，经得起
fast-paced adj．快节奏的
apt adj．适当的，恰当的
timeless adj．永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的
sedately adv．安静地；慢悠悠地
piece together组合资料(以便了解情况)；拼凑，拼合
modest adj．谦虚的，谦逊的
modesty n．谦虚，谦逊
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards①of Xi San Suo，behind the high walls of the Forbidden City，time ticks at its own pace．If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary②，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed③people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious④antiques⑤．[1]Among these is the clock restoration⑥master，Wang Jin．[2]
[1]本句是主从复合句。“If it...documentary”为if引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句中that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词masters。
[2]本句中among these 位于句首，句子的主语与谓语倒装。
Walking through the seven crimson⑦gates towards his workplace⑧，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him．[3]Day in，day out⑨，Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years．But for quite some time，he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces⑩in the Palace Museum．
[3]本句是主从复合句。“Walking through...his workplace”是动词-ing形式短语作时间状语；“although now...with him”是although引导的让步状语从句，其中“wanting their photo taken with him”是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰admirers。
Qing emperors were very fond of clocks．Therefore，in order to please them，foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces．Today，the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world，mainly originating from Europe and China．With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height，each of these requires its own unique method of restoration．Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year．But，through their painstaking efforts，Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks—they bring them back to life ．
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop [4]is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks．To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world．Now，after eight months of endless adjustments，the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong．The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life：water flows，boats sail，dogs bark ，chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin ．It is a truly awe-inspiring moment．It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor ．
[4]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the only sound。“the only＋名词”后常跟不定式作定语。
But，despite the combined work of several generations of masters，it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete．Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored，there would still be work to do，because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago．[5] This is a race against time that can never be won！Nonetheless ，Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago，Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members，who will take on many of the future repairs．What's more，inspired to follow in his father's footsteps，Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks．This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time ．
[5]本句是使用了虚拟语气的主从复合句。其中even if引导让步状语从句；主句中because引导原因状语从句，该原因状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰clocks。
In today's fast-paced world，the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt [6]．Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo，there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts．It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country[7]．
[6]此处为“否定副词never/not＋形容词的比较级”结构表示最高级含义的用法。
[7]as if引导的表语从句。
时间大师
在紫禁城高墙内西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的学生们日复一日地修复着数百年前的钟表，但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是被修理和抛光的钟表所发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了：水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复过的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他已将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠不仅能够协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复艺术能够经得起时间的考验。
在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
Period 4
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①what makes everyone powerful ②that he had no money to have his sick mother treated ③that I (should) be given a chance ④whether the Senior 3 students should have their PE class (or not)
[即时训练2]
①because ②why
[即时训练3]
①as if/as though it is going to rain ②as if/as though I were floating in the water ③as if/as though it has gone bad
[即时训练4]
①what ②who/whom ③whose ④which
[即时训练5]
①how ②why ③when ④where
巩固落实
1．what 2．that 3．because 4．whether
7 / 11(共50张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 2 A life's work
主题语境
人与自我——优秀品行
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
表语从句
一、定义
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句说明主语是什么或者怎么样。含表语从句的复合句的一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋引导词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
It seems as if it were spring already．
春天似乎已经来了。
The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem．
事实是我们不知道怎么解决这个问题。
二、引导表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的有that，whether，as if，as though，because等从属连词； who，which，what，whatever等连接代词；how，why，when等连接副词。
The trouble is that we are short of money．
问题是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields．
那就是为什么在新英格兰的田地周围用石头墙而不用栅栏。
(一)由that引导的表语从句
that无词义，也不充当句子成分。
1．主语是事实陈述性名词时，表语从句常用that引导。常见结构为：The fact/news/idea/reason/problem/difference/advantage/possibility等＋be＋ that...
The reason why he is so upset is that his father is coming to school for the teacher-parent meeting today．
他很烦恼的原因是他的父亲今天要来学校参加家长会。
The idea that our class came up with was that we would make better use of used materials．
我们班想出的主意是我们可以更好地利用用过的材料。
[名师点津] 表示某人的意见、信念、猜想等事实陈述性名词前常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Our belief is that things will get better．
我们认为形势会好转。
Tom's guess is that it will rain soon．
汤姆猜测天很快要下雨。
2．主语是what引导的主语从句时，表语从句如果陈述事实也常用that引导。
What matters to him is that he has inner beauty．
对他来说重要的是他有内在美。
What impressed us most was that you showed outstanding talent for art．
给我们印象最深的是你在艺术方面表现出的杰出的才能。
[名师点津] that引导表语从句的特殊用法
(1)当主语是表示建议、要求、命令、请求的名词时，表语从句常由that引导，并且从句中谓语要用(should ＋)动词原形。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow．
我的建议是我们明天应该早点出发。
(2)reason作主语时，表语从句的引导词用that，不用because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning．
他迟到的原因是他错过了今早的第一趟火车。
(3) that的省略。
引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。
My idea is (that) we should do it right away．
我的意见是我们应该马上做这件事。
(二)由whether引导的表语从句
whether意为“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分。
His question is whether the experiment is worth doing．
他的问题是这个实验是否值得做。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①知识应该是让每个人强大的东西。
Knowledge should be ____________________________．
②乔治面对的是他没有钱让生病的母亲得到治疗。
What George was faced with was ___________________________________________．
③我的要求是应该给我一个上台表演的机会。
My request is ____________________________ to perform on stage．
what makes everyone powerful
that he had no money to have his sick
mother treated
that I (should) be given a chance
④争论的内容是高三的学生是否应该上体育课。
The argument is ______________________________________________________．
whether the Senior 3 students should have their PE class
(or not)
(三)由because引导的表语从句
because引导的表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because...”结构中，意为“这/那是因为……”。
That's because you can't appreciate music．
那是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
I'm a bit sleepy．It's because I was up all night．
我有点困。那是因为我一夜没睡。
[名师点津] (1)because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since，for等不能引导表语从句。
(2)because 引导的表语从句说明的是原因，why引导的表语从句说明的是结果。
I was late for school this morning．That's because I stayed up too late last night．
今天早上我上学迟到了，那是因为昨晚我熬夜到太晚。
I stayed up too late last night．That's why I was late for school this morning．
我昨晚熬夜到太晚了，那就是我今天早上上学迟到的原因。
[即时训练2] 语法填空
①All the students in my class were late．That was _______ the school bus was held up by a thick fog．
②She was addicted to playing computer games．That was ___ she failed to pass the exam．
because
why
(四)由as if，as though引导的表语从句
as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，appear等后面。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home．
室内植物可能看起来好像它们只是坐在周围无所事事，但在许多方面，它们是家里的无名英雄。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word．
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼。
[名师点津] as if/as though引导表语从句，表示情况发生的可能性较小时，常用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，谓语动词用would (might，could)＋动词原形。从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，就用陈述语气。
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times．
就好像她去过月球很多次。
It smells as if someone has been smoking in the room so you'd better open the window to air it．
闻起来好像有人一直在这个房间吸烟，因此你最好打开窗户透透气。
[即时训练3] 完成句子
①看起来要下雨了。
It looks ____________________________．
②我感觉我好像漂浮在水中。
I feel ___________________________________．
③肉尝起来好像已经变质了。
The meat tastes __________________________．
as if/as though it is going to rain
as if/as though I were floating in the water
as if/as though it has gone bad
(五)由连接代词引导的表语从句
引导表语从句的连接代词有who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，它们有词义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。连接代词不能省略。
The problem is who we can get to replace her．
问题是我们能找谁去代替她。
And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater．
成为一名好的滑板者，落地技巧才是重要的。
You can be whoever you want to be．
你可以成为任何你想成为的人。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's ______ it takes to do anything successfully．
②I found all singers performed well，so the problem was __________ I would vote for．
③My question is _______ house this is．
④What the sales girl wants to know is _____ toy a baby will choose on the shelf．
what
who/whom
whose
which
(六)由连接副词引导的表语从句
连接副词 when，where，how，why 有词义，在从句中充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语。
By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
乘船是到达这里的唯一途径，这也是我们到达的方式。
In fact，that's why I am here．
事实上，那是我来这里的原因。
[即时训练5] 单句语法填空
①Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent _____ you respond to it．
②I like drawing；this is _____ I chose to learn art．
③The question is ______ he can arrive at the hotel．
④What we should arrange in advance is _____ we should stay at night while travelling．
how
why
when
where
短文语境填空
At the age of 20，Sima Qian began travelling extensively across the country．He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information．Learning and travelling were exactly 1．____ helped him in his later career as a historian．
what
His father's dream was 2．_____ one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history．After his father died，Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian，which facilitated his access to official books and files．However，his work proved difficult．That was 3．_______ sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．His chief concern was 4．________ he could do his job more efficiently．
that
because
whether
①courtyard n．庭院，院子
②a three-episode documentary一部三集纪录片
episode n．(电视连续剧或广播剧的)一集
③plainly-dressed衣着朴素的
④precious adj．珍稀的；贵重的
⑤antique n．古董，古玩，古物
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑥restoration n．(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复，整修
restore v．修复，整修
⑦crimson adj．深红色的
⑧workplace n．工作场所
⑨day in，day out日复一日(指不间断)＝day in and day out/day after day
⑩timepiece n．计时器；钟；表
be fond of...喜爱……
envoy n．使者，使节
present sb．with sth．把某物赠送/呈递/颁发给某人
intricate adj．错综复杂的
intricately adv．复杂地
originate v．起源，发源
originate from发源于
given prep．鉴于，考虑到
complexity n．复杂性；难懂
complex adj．复杂的；难懂的
maximum n．最大量，最大值adj．最高的；最多的(缩写为max．)
to the maximum最大限度地
minimum n．最小值；最少量；最低限度adj．最低的；最小的(缩写为min．)
painstaking adj．小心的；费尽心思的；精心的
painstaking efforts艰苦努力
bring...back to life让……获得重生
workshop n．车间，工场
melody n．歌曲；曲调
polish v．擦亮，擦光
polish sth．(up)with sth．用某物把某物擦亮
wind up (给钟表)上发条
wind v．给(钟表等)上发条
gigantic adj．巨大的，庞大的
fashion v．制作，塑造
bark v．(狗)吠叫
flap v．振(翼)，扑动(翅膀)
spin v．将(棉花、羊毛等)纺成(线)，纺(线)
awe-inspiring adj．令人惊叹的
exaggeration n．夸大，夸张
exaggerate v．夸张；夸大；言过其实
metaphor n．隐喻，暗喻
nonetheless adv．然而，但是；尽管如此，虽然如此
nevertheless adv．尽管如此；不过；然而
follow in the footsteps of sb．/follow in sb．'s footsteps
仿效某人
take on承担(责任)；决定做；呈现
take up开始从事；继续
artisan n．工匠，手艺人
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
stand v．经受，承受，经得起
fast-paced adj．快节奏的
apt adj．适当的，恰当的
timeless adj．永恒的，恒久的；永不过时的
sedately adv．安静地；慢悠悠地
piece together组合资料(以便了解情况)；拼凑，拼合
modest adj．谦虚的，谦逊的
modesty n．谦虚，谦逊
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards①of Xi San Suo，behind the high walls of the Forbidden City，time ticks at its own pace．If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary②，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed③people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious④antiques⑤．[1]Among these is the clock restoration⑥master，Wang Jin．[2]
[1]本句是主从复合句。“If it...documentary”为if引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句中that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词masters。
[2]本句中among these 位于句首，句子的主语与谓语倒装。
Walking through the seven crimson⑦gates towards his workplace⑧，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him．[3]Day in，day out⑨，Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years．But for quite some time，he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces⑩in the Palace Museum．
[3]本句是主从复合句。“Walking through...his workplace”是动词-ing形式短语作时间状语；“although now...with him”是although引导的让步状语从句，其中“wanting their photo taken with him”是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰admirers。
Qing emperors were very fond of clocks．Therefore，in order to please them，foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces．Today，the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world，mainly originating from Europe and China．With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height，each of these requires its own unique method of restoration．Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year．But，through their painstaking efforts，Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks—they bring them back to life ．
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop [4]is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks．To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world．Now，after eight months of endless adjustments，the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong．The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life：water flows，boats sail，dogs bark ，chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin ．It is a truly awe-inspiring moment．It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor ．
[4]不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the only sound。“the only＋名词”后常跟不定式作定语。
But，despite the combined work of several generations of masters，it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete．Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored，there would still be work to do，because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago．[5] This is a race against time that can never be won！Nonetheless ，Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago，Mr Wang has now
passed on his skills to the new members，who will take on many of the future repairs．What's more，inspired to follow in his father's footsteps，Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks．This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time ．
[5]本句是使用了虚拟语气的主从复合句。其中even if引导让步状语从句；主句中because引导原因状语从句，该原因状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰clocks。
In today's fast-paced world，the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt [6]．Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo，there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts．It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country[7]．
[6]此处为“否定副词never/not＋形容词的比较级”结构表示最高级含义的用法。
[7]as if引导的表语从句。
时间大师
在紫禁城高墙内西三所安静的庭院里，时间按着自己的节奏流逝着。要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的学生们日复一日地修复着数百年前的钟表，但在过去相当长的一段时间里，故宫博物院修理钟表的工匠只有他和他的学生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是被修理和抛光的钟表所发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了：水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复过的钟表进行修复。这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！尽管如此，王先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他已将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。新一代的工匠不仅能够协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复艺术能够经得起时间的考验。
在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒，好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
THANKS
