Period 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．take...for granted认为……理所当然
take it for granted that... 想当然地认为……；
把……视为理所当然
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take it easy(＝take things easy) 放轻松；别紧张
take...seriously 认真对待……
take...into account/consideration 把……考虑进去
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everything taken ____ consideration，they believed themselves more and returned to their positions．
②慢慢来，我们还有20分钟。
______________；we still have 20 minutes left．
③(应用文之建议信)不要想当然地认为你能把这项工作做得完美；认真对待，并做好充分准备。
You should not ________________________ you can do the work perfectly．_________________ and make enough preparations．
[名师点津] 在take ...for granted句型中，take后的宾语是一个句子时，一般都用形式宾语it来代替，而把真正的宾语从句放在for granted之后。
2．respond to对……作出反应；响应
(1)respond v． 回答；响应；作出反应
(2)response n． 回答，答复；响应；反应
make no response to 对……不作回应
in response to 对……作出反应/回应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①(应用文之倡议书)Faced with the crisis，we students should respond actively___ the appeal from authority and experts．
②The law was passed in ________ (respond) to public pressure．
③(读后续写之动作描写)建筑师听到我的评论的时候，她皱起了眉头。
a．When the architect heard what I said，she ____________ my comments with a frown．(respond)
b．When the architect heard what I said，she __________________ my comments with a frown．(response)
3．in harmony with与……协调；与……和谐相处
(1)harmony n． 融洽；和睦
in harmony 和谐地；协调地
out of harmony 不协调；不和谐
(2)harmonious adj． 和谐的；协调的
(3)harmoniously adv． 和谐地；融洽地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There are several ways to create and maintain a __________ (harmony) dormitory life．
②We have been on good terms with our neighbours for all these years，living ____________ (harmonious)．
③小提琴与其他乐器不协调。
The violin was ___________________ the rest of the instruments．
④(应用文之环境保护)就我个人而言，我们从志愿活动中学到了很多，这不仅让我们能够尽自己的一份力为社会做出贡献，也让我们认识到美化环境和与自然和谐相处的重要性。
Personally，we have learned much from the voluntary activity，which not only enables us to contribute to society by doing our bit but also makes us realise the importance of beautifying the environment and _____________________________．
4．convert v．使转变；使转换
(1)convert...to/into... 把……转变为……
convert to/into sth． 转变成某物
(2)conversion n． 转变；转化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the process，the light energy converts _______ heat energy．
②The __________ (convert) of the old classroom into a new library has greatly improved the school．
③那个我们买下想改建成公寓的旧谷仓， 实际上已经快塌了。
The old barn we bought to ____________ flats was practically tumbling down．
1．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P67)Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building．
如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
[句式分析] 本句中make natural organisms part of a building是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为 “使……处于某种状态”。
Most pop singers make music their career．
很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语的常见形式：
(1)make＋宾语＋名词/形容词
(2)make＋宾语＋动词原形(变为被动语态时要加“to”)
(3)make＋宾语＋过去分词
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's a pity that they were made _______ (give) up the plan to go camping．
②His professionalism makes him _________ (respect) all over the world．
③(应用文之建议信)如果你为梦想而奋斗，总有一天你会让梦想成真。
If you strive for your dream，you will _________________________．
[名师点津] (1)此句型中，当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
make＋it＋adj．/n．＋(for sb．)to do sth．
make＋it＋adj．/n．＋that从句
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
2．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P67) Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms．
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
[句式分析] 本句中find themselves in an urban building为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本句中介词短语作宾语补足语。
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed．
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
find的常见复合宾语结构：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2) 在find的复合结构中，当宾语是动词不定式或that从句时，应用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后，即find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do 发现/认为……。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I gradually found him _____ (be) an honest boy．
②When the police arrived，they found the little boy ______ (lock) in the house．
③I found __ very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here．
④他发现这篇文章很难理解。
He found the text _______________________．
⑤当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群青少年围着。
When he came to himself，he _________________________by a group of teenagers．
3．时间状语从句的省略
(教材P67)Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests．
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
[句式分析] 本句中while watching a nature documentary是时间状语从句的省略，省略了he was。
Wood gives off much smoke while burning．
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
(1)在时间、条件、让步、方式或比较状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
①You must keep these points in mind when _______ (seek) solutions to the problem．
②If ________ (accept) as an employee，I will go all out to meet your demands．
③The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected．
→The exhibition is more interesting _____________．
④工作的时候，我才意识到烈日下在田间工作是多么地辛苦。
_______________________________________ to work in the fields under a hot sun．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．You'd better search out unused spaces that you and your community could convert ____ a garden or a park．
2．Witnessing the gradual change of our village，we came to realise that only when we live __ harmony with nature can we have a brighter future．
3．All the teaching staff and students present responded warmly __ the activity．
4．Unaware of its value，some students take __ for granted that they can waste food．
5．I'm really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese ____________ (architect)．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．在国外大学学习期间，他对绘画产生了兴趣。
_______________________________________，he got interested in painting．
2．我母亲很固执，以至我永远也不能说服她让步。
My mother is ________________ I can never persuade her to give in．
3．挤满观众的大厅让我更加紧张起来。
The hall packed with audience _________________________．
4．定期举行关于中国传统文化的阅读交流会或讲座也会使这项研究更有吸引力。
____________________________________________________________________________________ will also make the study more appealing．
5．当我回到家时，我发现窗户破了。
When I came back home，I _______________________．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
We are used to things that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us．Nature 1．____________ (inspire) many of the most 2．___________ (fascinate) designs around us，3．_________ those in architecture and is presented in various architectural 4．_______ (design)．Today，architects continue to explore ways 5．__________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building．6．________ (create) buildings such as these enables us to live in 7．______ (close) harmony with our environment．To meet the needs of today 8．_____ protecting the world of tomorrow may be 9．_ challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us 10．___ to achieve this．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①into ②Take your time ③take it for granted that；Take it seriously
2．①to ②response ③responded to；made a response to
3．①harmonious ②harmoniously ③out of harmony with ④living in harmony with nature
4．①to/into ②conversion ③convert into
句法句式
1．①to give ②respected ③make it come true one day
2．①to be ②locked ③it ④difficult to understand ⑤found himself surrounded
3．①seeking ②accepted ③than expected ④When working，I realised how hard it was
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．into 2．in 3．to 4．it 5．architecture
Ⅱ．1．While studying in the university abroad 2．so stubborn that 3．made me even more nervous 4．Holding regular reading exchange meetings or lectures on traditional Chinese culture 5．found the window broken
Ⅲ．1．has inspired 2．fascinating 3．including 4．designs 5．to capture 6．Creating 7．closer 8．while 9．a 10．how
1 / 1(共31张PPT)
Period 3
Unit 5 Learning from nature
主题语境
人与社会——建筑领域的代表性作品
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
take it for granted that... 想当然地认为……；
把……视为理所当然
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take it easy(＝take things easy) 放轻松；别紧张
take...seriously 认真对待……
take...into account/consideration 把……考虑进去
1．take...for granted认为……理所当然
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everything taken ____ consideration，they believed themselves more and returned to their positions．
②慢慢来，我们还有20分钟。
______________；we still have 20 minutes left．
③(应用文之建议信)不要想当然地认为你能把这项工作做得完美；认真对待，并做好充分准备。
You should not ___________________ you can do the work perfectly．
_______________ and make enough preparations．
into
Take your time
take it for granted that
Take it seriously
[名师点津] 在take ...for granted句型中，take后的宾语是一个句子时，一般都用形式宾语it来代替，而把真正的宾语从句放在for granted之后。
(1)respond v． 回答；响应；作出反应
(2)response n． 回答，答复；响应；反应
make no response to 对……不作回应
in response to 对……作出反应/回应
2．respond to对……作出反应；响应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①(应用文之倡议书)Faced with the crisis，we students should respond actively___ the appeal from authority and experts．
②The law was passed in ________ (respond) to public pressure．
to
response
③(读后续写之动作描写)建筑师听到我的评论的时候，她皱起了眉头。
a．When the architect heard what I said，she __________ my comments with a frown．(respond)
b．When the architect heard what I said，she __________________ my comments with a frown．(response)
responded to
made a response to
(1)harmony n． 融洽；和睦
in harmony 和谐地；协调地
out of harmony 不协调；不和谐
(2)harmonious adj． 和谐的；协调的
(3)harmoniously adv． 和谐地；融洽地
3．in harmony with与……协调；与……和谐相处
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There are several ways to create and maintain a __________ (harmony) dormitory life．
②We have been on good terms with our neighbours for all these years，living ____________ (harmonious)．
③小提琴与其他乐器不协调。
The violin was ___________________ the rest of the instruments．
harmonious
harmoniously
out of harmony with
④(应用文之环境保护)就我个人而言，我们从志愿活动中学到了很多，这不仅让我们能够尽自己的一份力为社会做出贡献，也让我们认识到美化环境和与自然和谐相处的重要性。
Personally，we have learned much from the voluntary activity，which not only enables us to contribute to society by doing our bit but also makes us realise the importance of beautifying the environment and _________________________．
living in harmony with nature
(1)convert...to/into... 把……转变为……
convert to/into sth． 转变成某物
(2)conversion n． 转变；转化
4．convert v．使转变；使转换
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the process，the light energy converts _______ heat energy．
②The __________ (convert) of the old classroom into a new library has greatly improved the school．
③那个我们买下想改建成公寓的旧谷仓， 实际上已经快塌了。
The old barn we bought to ____________ flats was practically tumbling down．
to/into
conversion
convert into
(教材P67)Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building．
如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
1．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[句式分析] 本句中make natural organisms part of a building是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为 “使……处于某种状态”。
Most pop singers make music their career．
很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的职业。
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语的常见形式：
(1)make＋宾语＋名词/形容词
(2)make＋宾语＋动词原形(变为被动语态时要加“to”)
(3)make＋宾语＋过去分词
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's a pity that they were made _________ (give) up the plan to go camping．
②His professionalism makes him _________ (respect) all over the world．
③(应用文之建议信)如果你为梦想而奋斗，总有一天你会让梦想成真。
If you strive for your dream，you will _______________________．
to give
respected
make it come true one day
[名师点津] (1)此句型中，当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
make＋it＋adj．/n．＋(for sb．)to do sth．
make＋it＋adj．/n．＋that从句
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
(教材P67) Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms．
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
2．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
[句式分析] 本句中find themselves in an urban building为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本句中介词短语作宾语补足语。
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed．
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
find的常见复合宾语结构：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2) 在find的复合结构中，当宾语是动词不定式或that从句时，应用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后，即find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do 发现/认为……。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I gradually found him _____ (be) an honest boy．
②When the police arrived，they found the little boy ______ (lock) in the house．
③I found __ very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here．
④他发现这篇文章很难理解。
He found the text ____________________．
to be
locked
it
difficult to understand
⑤当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群青少年围着。
When he came to himself，he ______________________by a group of teenagers．
found himself surrounded
(教材P67)Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests．
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
3．时间状语从句的省略
[句式分析] 本句中while watching a nature documentary是时间状语从句的省略，省略了he was。
Wood gives off much smoke while burning．
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
(1)在时间、条件、让步、方式或比较状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
①You must keep these points in mind when _______ (seek) solutions to the problem．
②If ________ (accept) as an employee，I will go all out to meet your demands．
③The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected．
→The exhibition is more interesting _____________．
④工作的时候，我才意识到烈日下在田间工作是多么地辛苦。
___________________________________ to work in the fields under a hot sun．
seeking
accepted
than expected
When working，I realised how hard it was
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．You'd better search out unused spaces that you and your community could convert ____ a garden or a park．
2．Witnessing the gradual change of our village，we came to realise that only when we live __ harmony with nature can we have a brighter future．
3．All the teaching staff and students present responded warmly __ the activity．
into
in
to
4．Unaware of its value，some students take __ for granted that they can waste food．
5．I'm really glad that you take great interest in ancient Chinese ____________ (architect)．
it
architecture
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．在国外大学学习期间，他对绘画产生了兴趣。
________________________________，he got interested in painting．
2．我母亲很固执，以至我永远也不能说服她让步。
My mother is ________________ I can never persuade her to give in．
3．挤满观众的大厅让我更加紧张起来。
The hall packed with audience _________________________．
While studying in the university abroad
so stubborn that
made me even more nervous
4．定期举行关于中国传统文化的阅读交流会或讲座也会使这项研究更有吸引力。
________________________________________________________________________ will also make the study more appealing．
5．当我回到家时，我发现窗户破了。
When I came back home，I _______________________．
Holding regular reading exchange meetings or lectures on traditional Chinese culture
found the window broken
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
We are used to things that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us．Nature 1．___________ (inspire) many of the most 2．___________ (fascinate) designs around us，3．_________ those in architecture and is presented in various architectural 4．_______ (design)．Today，architects continue to explore ways 5．__________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural
has inspired
fascinating
including
designs
to capture
organisms part of a building．6．________ (create) buildings such as these enables us to live in 7．______ (close) harmony with our environment．To meet the needs of today 8．_____ protecting the world of tomorrow may be 9．_ challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us 10．___ to achieve this．
Creating
closer
while
a
how
课时分层作业(十三)
点击页面进入…
（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKS课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The stories of those scientists working in the _________ (前沿) of science and technology inspire us to study harder．
2．Jim is a naughty boy and he is always _________ (模仿) Miss Li in class，making her quite angry．
3．The explorers climbed a _____ (土堆，土丘) to survey the land around them．
4．In the show，they all showed their ______(极好的) skills，leaving a deep impression on me．
5．Plants can absorb carbon _______ (二氧化物) and release oxygen．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．It's reported that the hotel is bound to be converted _______ a nursing home．
2．While I know little about ____________ (architect)，I find that building impressive．
3．Some students took __ for granted that only the examined subjects were important．
4．________ (absorb) in the oil painting，John didn't notice evening approaching．
5．He also enriched minerals in the soil while ________ (reduce) chemical fertilizers．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Plants and exposure to greenery have been found to have multiple mental health benefits，such as lowering stress，decreasing feelings of depression，increasing sociability，restoring focus，improving cognitive performance，improving mood，and increasing self-esteem．
Gardening and care for plants can help to turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions．So with all that，what do these experts recommend as the best plant
Snake plants．They're very easy to care for，thrive in spaces with low sunlight，have visual appeal，and clean the air，and are drought-resistant if you forget to water them．
Spider plants．Spider plants，with plenty of light-green leaves，are another low-maintenance selection．When a spider plant thrives，it will grow new offshoots that can be clipped and potted as a new plant．
Aloe Vera．It's drought-resistant and easy to grow．Aloe Vera is low-maintenance，you can just water it monthly，and it helps clean the airspace and is helpful for burns，cuts，and scrapes to help injuries heal faster or soothe pain．
Lavender．It is well-known for its relaxing scent，and it has a calming effect，aids in reducing stress，promotes sleep．This means it's great both in the garden，or clipped and dried in a bowl inside your space．
Basil．It is a summertime herb that loves the sun．Not only is it delicious in meals，but eating basil has health benefits，too．It has properties which help to relieve stress and anxiety．
Lemon balm．This fragrant green herb is part of the mint family and is simple to cultivate．Known for its calming properties，it has a light lemony scent that can be wonderfully intensified by rubbing the leaves between your fingers．It has been used to improve sleep，reduce stress and anxiety，improve appetite，and help with indigestion．
1．What can we know from the passage
A．Spider plants will still survive if you forget to water them．
B．Lavender is recognised for its mint scent and calming effects．
C．Snake plants grow well in spaces without enough sunlight．
D．Basil is not edible but has some valuable properties．
2．What do these plants have in common
A．They need little water．
B．They appeal to the eye．
C．They help us calm down．
D．They enhance health．
3．How many of the plants mentioned in the passage can help people to handle stress or anxiety
A．Two． B．Three． C．Four． D．Five．
B
Can getting a dog help people live longer Dog ownership is associated with a reduced risk for heart-related disease and death，finds a new Swedish study published in the journal Scientific Reports．
For people living alone，owning a dog can decrease their risk of death by 33% and their risk of heart-related death by 36%，when compared to single individuals without a pet，according to the study．Chances of a heart attack were also found to be 11% lower．Multi-person household owners also saw benefits，though to a lesser extent．Risk of death among these dog owners fell by 11% and their chances of heart-related death were 15% lower．But their risk of a heart attack was not reduced by owning a dog．
As a single dog owner，an individual is the only person walking and interacting with their pet，which may contribute to greater protection from heart-related disease and death，said the study．“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity，which could be one explanation to the observed results，” said Fall，author of the study．The findings also suggest increased social well-being and immune system development as additional reasons why dog ownership offers protection against heart-related disease and death．
Fall believes that while their study provides strong evidence for the health benefits of dogs，their work is not done yet，since it does not answer why dogs achieve these results．There are also other factors that still need to be considered，such as the owner's personality and general physical health and activity．
While the research was carried out in Sweden，Fall does believe it may also apply to other countries including the US，since people's attitudes toward dog care are similar．However，some factors that may affect the results are the differences in climate and socioeconomic backgrounds．“We have a colder climate so we have indoor dogs and the owners take their dogs out for a walk． In warmer climates，they could keep them in the yard and wouldn't have to actively take them for a walk．I think it would be hard to take the data from Sweden and apply it to the US since we have a more different population．More studies should be obtained in the United States，” said Fall．
4．Why does the writer ask a question at the beginning of the passage
A．To express his doubt．
B．To get the correct answer．
C．To test readers' knowledge．
D．To introduce the topic．
5．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．The benefits of raising dogs for single people．
B．The disadvantages of raising animals for their owners．
C．The figures the writer provides to support the research．
D．The importance of owning pets for all kinds of people．
6．What is the finding of the new study
A．Walking and interacting with pets contributes to their owners' health．
B．Single individuals without a pet have a lower risk of heart-related death．
C．The pet owner's personality and activity have little to do with his/her health．
D．Keeping dogs can help owners free from cancer and heart-related disease．
7．What can we know from Fall's words
A．The research carried out in Sweden may apply to all countries．
B．Warmer climates make it unnecessary for dog owners to walk them．
C．There is no need to do more research in the United States．
D．Climate and socioeconomic backgrounds may influence the research．
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
When you need to seek a solution to a design problem，you could ask yourself，“What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives，and how do they handle it？” 1 Termites in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part．The Eastgate Centre in Harare，Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way，with thick overhangs shading the windows，and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape．This allows it to stay cool while using much less air conditioning． 2
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question． 3 A keen birdwatcher，Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the pond，but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly．His team found that putting a long，pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud boom in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster．
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroying it． 4 On the other hand，plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution．One company has come up with an alternative material made of cornhusk waste and some big companies are starting to use it．
5 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature．He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking．
A．In nature，everything gets recycled．
B．To mimic nature，we must be familiar with it．
C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it．
D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants' colonies (群)．
E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant．
F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too．
G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises．
课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．1．frontiers 2．mimicking 3．mound 4．superb 5．dioxide
Ⅱ．1．to/into 2．architecture 3．it 4．Absorbed 5．reducing
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
C D B D C A D
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
D F G A B
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有益于人们健康的植物。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They're very easy to care for，thrive in spaces with low sunlight，have visual appeal，and clean the air，and are droughtresistant if you forget to water them．”可知，Snake plants在阳光不是很充足的地方也能长得好，故选C。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第二段“Gardening and care for plants can help to turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions．So with all that，what do these experts recommend as the best plant？”可知，本文主要推荐了一些对人们的健康有好处的植物，故选D。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据第六段中的“It is wellknown for its relaxing scent，and it has a calming effect，aids in reducing stress，promotes sleep．”和第七段中的“It has properties which help to relieve stress and anxiety．”以及最后一段中的“It has been used to improve sleep，reduce stress and anxiety，improve appetite，and help with indigestion．”可知，文章一共提到了三种可以帮助缓解压力的植物，故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了瑞典发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一项新研究发现：养狗与降低患心脏病和死亡的风险有关。
4．D [推理判断题。根据第一段“Can getting a dog help people live longer Dog ownership is associated with a reduced risk for heartrelated disease and death，finds a new Swedish study published in the journal Scientific Reports．”并结合下文对这项研究结果的阐述可知，作者在文章的开头问了一个问题，是为了通过设问的方式，提出本文主题——养狗与降低患心脏病和死亡的风险有关。]
5．C [段落大意题。根据第二段“For people living alone...But their risk of a heart attack was not reduced by owning a dog．”可知，本段的主题是作者提供一些数据来支持这项研究成果。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a single dog owner...author of the study．”可知，这项新研究发现：养狗的人一般都有更多的体育锻炼，与宠物散步和互动有助于防止与心脏相关的疾病和死亡，这对主人的健康是有益的。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，some factors...‘More studies should be obtained in the United States，’ said Fall．”可知，从Fall的话中我们可以知道，气候和社会经济背景可能会影响研究结果。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中获取灵感，以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
1．D [过渡句。空处与上下文构成的语境为：遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物→ →非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。分析选项可知，D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚁群”承上启下，对上文所说的动植物解决类似问题的情况进行举例，同时引出下文对该示例的介绍，符合题意。D项中的“ants' colonies”呼应下文中的Termites。故选D。]
2．F [细节句。空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“津巴布韦哈拉雷的东门大厦也采用了类似的设计方法，厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户，所有的办公室都连接一个大烟囱，让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽”可知，这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于处于炎热地带的城市。结合选项可知，F项“对于在东南亚的炎热、拥挤的城市来说，这也是一个很好的解决方案”承接上文，继续陈述这种设计的应用，符合题意。F项中的too表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。]
3．G [细节句。根据上文“工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题”推知，空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪声”符合题意。G项中的 problem是关键词，与上句中的question对应。故选G。]
4．A [细节句。根据下文中的“On the other hand”推知，空处内容与下文形成对照，下文中的“plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution”说的是破坏环境的情况，则推知空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界，一切都是循环使用的”符合题意。故选A。]
5．B [主旨句。根据下文“Nakatsu担心现在的孩子没有机会接触和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域，这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式”可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触大自然，这样就可以熟悉大自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿大自然，我们必须熟悉它”符合本段主旨。B项中的nature在下文中复现。故选B。]
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