(共32张PPT)
Period 6
Unit 5 Learning from nature
主题语境
人与社会——建筑领域的代表性作品
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于从自然界中获得的生活启示的文章，属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。这类文章通常是通过描写一种自然现象来阐述与之相关的生活哲理，从而获得启示。文章话题对学生来说比较熟悉，但要合理发挥，贴合主题。
写一篇关于自然启示的文章
课时学案 写作(Writing)
(一)基本框架
1．选取一个与自然界相关的具有生活意义、富有哲理寓意的主题，比如适应、生存、亲情、关爱、团结、毅力等。
2．描述某一个自然现象，比如动植物的生活习性以及为了生存而形成的本能和意识等。
3．阐述该自然现象给我们的生活启示，我们应如何在生活中应用它。
(二)常用表达
1．开头部分常用表达
①Nature can sometimes teach us a valuable lesson．
大自然有时会给我们上宝贵的一课。
②Some small things in nature often give us some useful enlightenment．
自然界中的一些小事往往给我们一些有用的启示。
③I learned about a life lesson from ants．
我从蚂蚁那里学到了人生的一课。
④Preparation plays an important role on the road to success．
准备在成功的道路上起着重要的作用。
⑤The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence．
这个成语提醒我们勤奋的重要性。
2．主体部分常用表达
①I was jogging on the path when I happened to catch sight of an ant．
我在小路上慢跑时，碰巧看见了一只蚂蚁。
②Much to my amazement，it was still holding on．
让我非常吃惊的是，它仍然坚持着。
③Catching sight of the scene，I stopped to see whether it would give up．
看到这个情景，我停下来看看它是否会放弃。
④Just at that time，I couldn't help admiring its strong will．
就在那时，我禁不住钦佩它的坚强意志。
3．结尾部分常用表达
①Good advice is harsh to the ear．
忠言逆耳。
②Fine feathers make fine birds．
人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
③Don't chase happiness．Enjoy your life．
不要追逐幸福。享受你的生活。
④Worrying won't solve your problems，it'll just waste your time and energy．
担心解决不了问题，只会浪费你的时间和精力。
⑤From my perspective，at no time should we ignore the importance of unity．
在我看来，在任何时候我们都不能忽视团结的重要性。
⑥Accordingly，we should foster the consciousness of unity and always bear in mind that unity can create miracles no matter what obstacles we meet．
因此，我们应该培养团结的意识，并且永远铭记在心：无论我们遇到什么困难，团结能够创造奇迹。
假定你是李华，你的朋友迈克向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
[审题构思]
第一段：解释成语的含义；
第二段：叙述故事的经过；
第三段：感受和教训。
[遣词造句]
1．成语“揠苗助长”的意思就是通过将植物拔高而帮助它们生长。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．它背后有一个故事。
___________________________________________________________
3．宋国有个人，担心自己种的秧苗长得太慢。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang”means“Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”．
There is a story behind it．
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings．
4．他把它们一棵棵往上拔。
___________________________________________________________
5．他回来对家人说：“我今天累坏了，因为我已经帮秧苗长高了。”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．他的儿子听了，跑去田地，发现秧苗都死了。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He pulled them upward one by one．
He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller．”
Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died．
7．这个成语给了我们一个教训。
___________________________________________________________
8．违背事物的发展规律，急功近利，只会使事情变得更糟。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This set phrase teaches us a lesson．
Going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
[句式升级]
1．用定语从句合并句1和句2
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．用同位语从句合并句7和句8
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story．
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
[连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story．
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings．So，he pulled them upward one by one．He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller．” Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died．
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
[词块积累]
1．in panic/terror害怕地，惊恐地
2．to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
3．gasp in astonishment 吃惊地倒吸一口气
4．be frozen with fear 吓呆/吓傻
5．be seized with panic惊慌失措
情感描写 “惊”与“怕”
6．be dead with fright 吓得要死
7．fear creeps over sb．某人感到害怕
8．be scared out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体
9．come as a shock to sb．让某人很震惊
10．stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡
[佳句积累]
1．Fear slowly creeps over her．
恐惧慢慢地涌在她身上。
2．A flood of fear welled up in him．
他心里涌起一股恐惧。
3．He was thrown into astonishment．
他大吃一惊。
4．A look of surprise spread across her face．
惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。
5．Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied．
她的脸变得苍白，站在那里结结巴巴。
6．Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated．
她的心跳太剧烈，几乎要窒息了。
7．I said nervously，my voice trembling a bit．
我紧张地说，声音有点颤抖。
8．My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience．
当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得目瞪口呆。
9．With a pounding heart and cold，moist palms，I felt faint．
心怦怦直跳，手掌冰冷潮湿，我感到头晕。
10．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch．
我吓得僵住了，害怕得一英寸也不敢动。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every time my family makes special plans，they end up getting canceled due to some incidents．Every time that happens，my parents would tell us to look on the bright side and make the best of a bad situation．However，I never managed to do that until this spring．
On a sunny morning last month，my aunt Jen invited us to the annual outdoor spring celebration at her farm．Since my family hadn't done anything different for ages，the whole family was very excited and everyone pulled his own weight to make sure everything goes as planned．In order to add more fun to this exciting trip，my little sister Indi and my little brother Tex even joined me to make an extra-special treat—cupcakes．
The picnic was intended to go from twelve to three．After double-checking the car，my parents loaded books，games，picnic blanket，and a whole big pack of food into the car．The moment of our departure finally arrived as the clock struck 11．However，everything went wrong the instant we bravely drove off．First，we had to stop and wait for Tex to find his shoes．Next，as we were driving down the road，we had to go back to the house because my mum forgot her wallet．Then，about halfway to Aunt Jen's house，we had to drive far out of our way to find
a place for Indi to use the bathroom．After that，my parents decided it'd be quicker to take this one little side country road as a shortcut．But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove forever on a winding road with wildflower field spreading endlessly out on both sides and the deep green pine trees going on and on within our sight．Spotting hundreds of birds flying in the sky，I was seized by a growing sense of desperation for I entirely had no idea when we could hit our destination．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Just then，our car started making a strange noise． _______________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
At first，we kids weren't excited about the idea． _______________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Just then，our car started making a strange noise．Obviously，there was something wrong with it and we had to pull over and call roadside service．Dad comforted us and claimed that help would arrive soon．But help did not arrive soon at all．So frustrated was I that I felt the whole world crumbled with tears streaming down my cheeks．Then came my dad's voice．“Look on the bright side，” said Dad．Our car couldn't have picked a prettier place to break down．Mum agreed，getting out the picnic blanket and suggested walking over to that gorgeous wildflower field and have our own springtime celebration．
At first，we kids weren't excited about the idea．We carried stuff over to the field，dragged ourselves down，and grumbled．But as we started looking around，cool things started happening．Hundreds of butterflies were dancing on the boundless wildflower field，looking like a beautiful scroll spreading out just for us．With a whooshing sound，a flock of birds rose up out of the pine trees，and flew around and around in the most amazing wavelike patterns，right over our heads! Just right there，we enjoyed our hand-made special treats，which were so delicious! It ended up one of the most amazing picnics in my life．
课时分层作业(十五)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKSPeriod 6 写作(Writing)
写一篇关于自然启示的文章
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于从自然界中获得的生活启示的文章，属于夹叙夹议文的范畴。这类文章通常是通过描写一种自然现象来阐述与之相关的生活哲理，从而获得启示。文章话题对学生来说比较熟悉，但要合理发挥，贴合主题。
(一)基本框架
1．选取一个与自然界相关的具有生活意义、富有哲理寓意的主题，比如适应、生存、亲情、关爱、团结、毅力等。
2．描述某一个自然现象，比如动植物的生活习性以及为了生存而形成的本能和意识等。
3．阐述该自然现象给我们的生活启示，我们应如何在生活中应用它。
(二)常用表达
1．开头部分常用表达
①Nature can sometimes teach us a valuable lesson．
大自然有时会给我们上宝贵的一课。
②Some small things in nature often give us some useful enlightenment．
自然界中的一些小事往往给我们一些有用的启示。
③I learned about a life lesson from ants．
我从蚂蚁那里学到了人生的一课。
④Preparation plays an important role on the road to success．
准备在成功的道路上起着重要的作用。
⑤The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence．
这个成语提醒我们勤奋的重要性。
2．主体部分常用表达
①I was jogging on the path when I happened to catch sight of an ant．
我在小路上慢跑时，碰巧看见了一只蚂蚁。
②Much to my amazement，it was still holding on．
让我非常吃惊的是，它仍然坚持着。
③Catching sight of the scene，I stopped to see whether it would give up．
看到这个情景，我停下来看看它是否会放弃。
④Just at that time，I couldn't help admiring its strong will．
就在那时，我禁不住钦佩它的坚强意志。
3．结尾部分常用表达
①Good advice is harsh to the ear．
忠言逆耳。
②Fine feathers make fine birds．
人靠衣装，佛靠金装。
③Don't chase happiness．Enjoy your life．
不要追逐幸福。享受你的生活。
④Worrying won't solve your problems，it'll just waste your time and energy．
担心解决不了问题，只会浪费你的时间和精力。
⑤From my perspective，at no time should we ignore the importance of unity．
在我看来，在任何时候我们都不能忽视团结的重要性。
⑥Accordingly，we should foster the consciousness of unity and always bear in mind that unity can create miracles no matter what obstacles we meet．
因此，我们应该培养团结的意识，并且永远铭记在心：无论我们遇到什么困难，团结能够创造奇迹。
假定你是李华，你的朋友迈克向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
[审题构思]
第一段：解释成语的含义；
第二段：叙述故事的经过；
第三段：感受和教训。
[遣词造句]
1．成语“揠苗助长”的意思就是通过将植物拔高而帮助它们生长。
_____________________________________________________________________
2．它背后有一个故事。
_____________________________________________________________________3．宋国有个人，担心自己种的秧苗长得太慢。
_____________________________________________________________________4．他把它们一棵棵往上拔。
_____________________________________________________________________5．他回来对家人说：“我今天累坏了，因为我已经帮秧苗长高了。”
_____________________________________________________________________6．他的儿子听了，跑去田地，发现秧苗都死了。
_____________________________________________________________________7．这个成语给了我们一个教训。
_____________________________________________________________________8．违背事物的发展规律，急功近利，只会使事情变得更糟。
_____________________________________________________________________ [句式升级]
1．用定语从句合并句1和句2
_____________________________________________________________________2．用同位语从句合并句7和句8
_____________________________________________________________________ [连句成篇](注意使用适当的衔接过渡词语)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
情感描写 “惊”与“怕”
[词块积累]
1．in panic/terror害怕地，惊恐地
2．to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
3．gasp in astonishment 吃惊地倒吸一口气
4．be frozen with fear 吓呆/吓傻
5．be seized with panic惊慌失措
6．be dead with fright 吓得要死
7．fear creeps over sb．某人感到害怕
8．be scared out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体
9．come as a shock to sb．让某人很震惊
10．stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡
[佳句积累]
1．Fear slowly creeps over her．
恐惧慢慢地涌在她身上。
2．A flood of fear welled up in him．
他心里涌起一股恐惧。
3．He was thrown into astonishment．
他大吃一惊。
4．A look of surprise spread across her face．
惊愕的表情在她的脸上蔓延开来。
5．Her face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied．
她的脸变得苍白，站在那里结结巴巴。
6．Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated．
她的心跳太剧烈，几乎要窒息了。
7．I said nervously，my voice trembling a bit．
我紧张地说，声音有点颤抖。
8．My jaw dropped in astonishment when I saw the size of the audience．
当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得目瞪口呆。
9．With a pounding heart and cold，moist palms，I felt faint．
心怦怦直跳，手掌冰冷潮湿，我感到头晕。
10．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch．
我吓得僵住了，害怕得一英寸也不敢动。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every time my family makes special plans，they end up getting canceled due to some incidents．Every time that happens，my parents would tell us to look on the bright side and make the best of a bad situation．However，I never managed to do that until this spring．
On a sunny morning last month，my aunt Jen invited us to the annual outdoor spring celebration at her farm．Since my family hadn't done anything different for ages，the whole family was very excited and everyone pulled his own weight to make sure everything goes as planned．In order to add more fun to this exciting trip，my little sister Indi and my little brother Tex even joined me to make an extra-special treat—cupcakes．
The picnic was intended to go from twelve to three．After double-checking the car，my parents loaded books，games，picnic blanket，and a whole big pack of food into the car．The moment of our departure finally arrived as the clock struck 11．However，everything went wrong the instant we bravely drove off．First，we had to stop and wait for Tex to find his shoes．Next，as we were driving down the road，we had to go back to the house because my mum forgot her wallet．Then，about halfway to Aunt Jen's house，we had to drive far out of our way to find a place for Indi to use the bathroom．After that，my parents decided it'd be quicker to take this one little side country road as a shortcut．But the shortcut ended up turning into a long cut! We drove forever on a winding road with wildflower field spreading endlessly out on both sides and the deep green pine trees going on and on within our sight．Spotting hundreds of birds flying in the sky，I was seized by a growing sense of desperation for I entirely had no idea when we could hit our destination．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Just then，our car started making a strange noise． _______________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
At first，we kids weren't excited about the idea． ________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Period 6
单元写作
遣词造句
1．The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”．2．There is a story behind it．3．A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings．4．He pulled them upward one by one．5．He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller．”
6．Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died．7．This set phrase teaches us a lesson．8．Going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
句式升级
1．The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story．
2．This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
连句成篇
[参考范文]
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”，behind which there is a story．
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings．So，he pulled them upward one by one．He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller．” Hearing this，his son ran to the field and found all the seedlings had died．
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of the development of things and being overanxious for quick results will only make things worse．
读后续写
续写初练笔
[参考范文]
Just then，our car started making a strange noise．Obviously，there was something wrong with it and we had to pull over and call roadside service．Dad comforted us and claimed that help would arrive soon．But help did not arrive soon at all．So frustrated was I that I felt the whole world crumbled with tears streaming down my cheeks．Then came my dad's voice．“Look on the bright side，” said Dad．Our car couldn't have picked a prettier place to break down．Mum agreed，getting out the picnic blanket and suggested walking over to that gorgeous wildflower field and have our own springtime celebration．
At first，we kids weren't excited about the idea．We carried stuff over to the field，dragged ourselves down，and grumbled．But as we started looking around，cool things started happening．Hundreds of butterflies were dancing on the boundless wildflower field，looking like a beautiful scroll spreading out just for us．With a whooshing sound，a flock of birds rose up out of the pine trees，and flew around and around in the most amazing wavelike patterns，right over our heads! Just right there，we enjoyed our hand made special treats，which were so delicious! It ended up one of the most amazing picnics in my life．
1 / 1课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．What words of ______ (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation
2．Diane was a big fish in a small ____ (池塘) in her hometown，but when she moved to New York City，nobody knew who she was．
3．After the performance，Alice _____ (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage．
4．To ________(评估) the price of the old house，Mr Smith asked several questions about its history．
5．Students with high hopes set themselves higher goals and know how to work to ______ (获得) them．
Ⅱ．选词填空
in return for，withdraw from，in contrast to，at ease with，be opposed to
1．Tao Yuanming expressed his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant _____________ five dou of grain”．
2．We ______________ developing the economy at the expense of the environment，because Earth is our home．
3．He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt ____________ him．
4．The Sanjiangyuan National Park is now home to more than 70，000 Tibetan antelopes，______________ less than 20，000 in the 1990s．
5．The smart money says that he's likely to _____________ the leadership campaign．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Contrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition，new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result．
The research，led by Dr Rocio，studied adult and seedling(幼苗) plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain．Dr Rocio said，“If you're a seedling in a poor land—the top of a mountain or a sand hill，for example—and you're lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant，your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own．What we have found，which was surprising，is an established large plant，called a ‘nurse’， protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own．”
Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment．For example，vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者) in an area，in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals．
“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性)，” Dr Rocio said．“The more biodiverse an area，the greater number of species of plants，insect life，mammals and birds，and the better the chances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems．” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavourable environments．
The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments．Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth，but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places．
1．What is a common understanding of plants
A．They can help each other．
B．They can survive ill conditions．
C．They compete with each other．
D．They grow well on their own．
2．What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants
A．They will produce more flowers．
B．They will die owing to competition．
C．They will make adult plants larger．
D．They will get support from adult plants．
3．What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership
A．It leads to unfavourable environments．
B．It produces long-term healthy chances．
C．It attracts higher and larger pollinators．
D．It provides more variety of plant types．
4．Who will benefit from the new research
A．People studying organic farming．
B．People protecting plants on sand hills．
C．People wanting to change biodiversity．
D．People keeping more animals on the farm．
Ⅳ．完形填空
One day，my uncle brought home a parrot．My cousin and I called it Mitthu．My family were so 1 that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings．They said if it left home，it wouldn't 2 outside without us．
As time went by，we grew and so did Mitthu．Its wings grew quite a lot．Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage．I sometimes wondered why it didn't 3 ．Maybe it was quite attached to us and didn't want to leave us，or it didn't want to leave the luxurious life and 4 the harsh reality of life．
As I grew older，I 5 that Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine．I was pampered(溺爱) and 6 carefully．I was prohibited from really 7 the outside world．My house became my whole world，which was like an invisible 8 that had restricted my spirit．
Now I'm sent out to study and told that I have the whole sky to fly，but 9 ， just as Mitthu，I am not able to do so．Mitthu and I might be two different beings but we are 10 in a similar situation．I am afraid of flying．I am afraid my behaviour might hurt my parents' feelings．These emotions and 11 will never really allow us to fly independently!
It's good for parents to love and 12 their children，but，sometimes，over-protectiveness from parents might harm their children's future and 13 children's decisions．True 14 is to allow kids to grow freely and let them try 15 things．Thus，they will be brimming with confidence and courage．
1．A．primitive B．extensive
C．aggressive D．possessive
2．A．survive B．escape
C．appear D．change
3．A．come around B．fly away
C．come back D．take shape
4．A．ignore B．represent
C．shift D．face
5．A．realised B．expected
C．dismissed D．convinced
6．A．evaluated B．educated
C．tended D．exposed
7．A．keeping up with B．coming down to
C．breaking away from D．getting along with
8．A．branch B．cage
C．light D．cave
9．A．rarely B．gradually
C．sadly D．violently
10．A．trapped B．frozen
C．hatched D．stored
11．A．strength B．fulfilment
C．commitment D．attachment
12．A．adopt B．attain
C．protect D．entertain
13．A．influence B．support
C．forecast D．comprise
14．A．harmony B．love
C．freedom D．equality
15．A．humble B．different
C．unique D．intense
Ⅴ．语法填空
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water，1． (exist) in the rural area in Madagascar．Malaindrano means “he who hates water”， 2． this baobab doesn't hate water at all．It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3． (complete) filled．Even semi-full，the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar's driest regions．Also known 4． bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks，such baobab trees form a network of 5． (nature) water tanks．Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare，and where the little rain that falls 6． (absorb) quickly by the soil．
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food．In the 1920s and 1930s，thousands of people 7． (die) because of extreme drought．This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea：hollowing out baobabs 8． (store) water when water is abundant．A large baobab has the 9． (able) to store about 14，000 litres of water．Today，some 20，000 people live in the region，many of 10． rely on the tree water for around a third of the year．
课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ．1．wisdom 2．pond 3．bowed 4．evaluate 5．attain
Ⅱ．1．in return for 2．are opposed to 3．at ease with 4．in contrast to 5．withdraw from
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
C D D B
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
D A B D A C D B
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C A D C A B B
Ⅴ．1．existing 2．but 3．completely 4．as 5．natural 6．is absorbed 7．died 8．to store 9．ability 10．whom
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现：在恶劣的环境中，成年植物会帮助较小的植物并因此生长良好。
1．C [细节理解题。由文章第一段“Contrary to the longheld belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition，new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result．”可知，关于植物的普遍观点是自然界的植物总是在竞争。]
2．D [推理判断题。由文章第二段的“If you're a seedling in a poor land—the top of a mountain or a sand hill，for example—and you're lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant，your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own．”可知，幼苗如果生长在大植物的下面，会从中受益。]
3．D [细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句“Other benefits of nurseseedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment．”以及第四段的“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity”可知，这种伙伴关系系统可以促进植物类型的多样性。]
4．B [推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments．”以及第二段的“If you're a seedling in a poor land—the top of a mountain or a sand hill”可知，该研究有益于人们保护生长在恶劣环境中的植物，如在山顶或者沙丘的植物。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者家里养了一只鹦鹉，鹦鹉被作者的家人剪掉翅膀以后无法真正接触外界，而作者与鹦鹉类似，父母的溺爱让他无法真正地成长，无法独立，以此劝诫父母要正确地爱孩子，不要过度保护孩子。
1．D [根据下文“that they trimmed its wings”可知，作者的家人剪了鹦鹉的翅膀，这样它就不会飞走了，所以作者的家人应该是占有欲强的(possessive)。]
2．A [根据上文可知，鹦鹉被剪掉了翅膀，所以说离开作者家它就不能生存(survive)。escape逃跑；appear出现；change改变。]
3．B [根据上文“Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage．”可知，鹦鹉没有被关进笼子里，所以作者想知道它为什么不飞走(fly away)。]
4．D [“ the harsh reality of life”与上文“leave the luxurious life”并列，指鹦鹉不愿面对(face)生活的残酷现实。 ]
5．A [根据下文“I was pampered and carefully．”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者意识到(realised)自己的情况和Mitthu差不多。]
6．C [根据上文“Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage．”和“I was pampered”可知，作者被溺爱和细心地照顾(tended)着。]
7．D [上文提到作者意识到Mitthu的生活和自己的没什么不同，Mitthu无法接触外面的世界，而作者被禁止与外界真正相处(getting along with)。]
8．B [根据上文“Mitthu wasn't kept in a cage．”和“Mitthu's life wasn't very different from mine”可知，作者和Mitthu一样被困在一个看不见的笼子(cage)里。branch树枝；light光；cave洞穴。]
9．C [根据下文“I am afraid of flying．I am afraid my behaviour might hurt my parents' feelings．”可知，此处应表达作者负面的情绪。]
10．A [根据上下文语境和“in a similar situation”可知，作者和Mitthu有着同样不好的境遇，所以应该是为相似的环境所困(trapped)。]
11．D [句意：这些情绪和依恋(attachment)永远不会真正让我们独自飞翔！故选D。]
12．C [根据上文“love”和下文“overprotectiveness”可知，此处应选protect “保护”。]
13．A [根据上文“overprotectiveness from parents might harm their children's future”可知，父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来，并影响(influence)孩子的决定。]
14．B [句意：真正的爱(love)是让孩子自由成长，让他们尝试不同的事物。故选B。]
15．B [根据上文“True is to allow kids to grow freely”可知，真正的爱是让孩子自由成长，所以应该允许孩子尝试不同的(different)事物，而不是不与外界接触。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树的储水功能，该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
1．existing [考查非谓语动词。Malaindrano后的is是谓语动词；“that...water”为定语从句，修饰a giant baobab；动词exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano为主动关系，应用动词ing形式作状语。故填existing。]
2．but [考查连词。空前后分别为两个完整的句子，都不缺成分，空处应用连词连接前后两个句子，且空前与空后为转折关系，故填but。]
3．completely [考查副词。空处修饰filled，应用副词，complete的副词形式为completely。]
4．as [考查介词。固定短语be known as意为“以……著称”，此处使用的是know的非谓语动词形式，know与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，用known as...作状语，故填as。]
5．natural [考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词短语water tanks，需用形容词作前置定语，nature的形容词形式为natural。]
6．is absorbed [考查时态、语态及主谓一致。空处在where引导的定语从句中作谓语；陈述客观存在的状况，应用一般现在时；the little rain与absorb之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为the little rain，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is absorbed。]
7．died [考查时态。根据句中时间状语In the 1920s and 1930s可知，应用一般过去时，die的过去式为died。]
8．to store [考查非谓语动词。句意：这迫使当地人从大自然中获得灵感，想出了一个主意——挖空猴面包树，在水分充足时储存水分。空处为非谓语动词，表目的，应用动词不定式，故填to store。]
9．ability [考查名词。the后接名词，able的名词形式为ability；have the ability to do sth．意为“有做某事的能力”。故填ability。]
10．whom [考查关系代词。many of rely on the tree water for around a third of the year为“many of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词some 20，000 people，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，应用whom。 ]
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