(共49张PPT)
Period 5
Unit 6 Nature in words
主题语境
人与自然——人类生存与环境的关系
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．Praising the silent spring．
B．How to write a beautiful essay．
C．The use of DDT is prohibited．
D．Reminding people to protect the environment．
课时练案 课文整体教学(Developing ideas)
√
2．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A．Carson based her argument on scientific data．
B．Carson launched campaigns to solve problems．
C．Carson wrote the book with rich imagination．
D．Carson listed her sources in her book everywhere．
√
3．Why did some people challenge Carson's argument
A．They were too emotional about Carson's research．
B．They found no science in Carson's claims．
C．They couldn't make money by producing chemicals．
D．They considered Carson not to be a true scientist．
√
4．What made the writer like Silent Spring most
A．Its elegant language．
B．Its passionate message．
C．Its horrible subject．
D．Its interesting story．
5．What is the author's attitude to Carson's book
A．Critical． B．Indifferent．
C．Supportive． D．Unfavourable．
√
√
1．alert v．提醒，使(某人)意识到 adj． 警觉的
①(教材P90)By imagining a world without birds，she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular，to the harmful use of pesticides，such as DDT． _______________________
②Two alert scientists found that there was something wrong with the radar． ___________
v．提醒，使(某人)意识到
adj．警觉的
2．launch n．推出，发起 v．推出，发布(新产品)；发射；发动
①(教材P91)Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world． _____________
②We will launch the moon rocket next week． _______
③He plans to launch a big attack on the enemy． _______
④If a company launches a new product，it makes it available to the public． _____________________
n．推出，发起
v．发射
v．发动
v．推出，发布(新产品)
1．(学会断句)The book also gives dozens of other examples/of eradication programmes/that did nothing to reduce the problems/they were originally designed to solve．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。that did nothing...是____从句，修饰______________________；they were originally designed to solve 是____从句，修饰____________，省略了__________________。
[翻译] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
定语
eradication programmes
定语
the problems
关系代词that/which
书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。
2．(学会断句)Though Carson's research was strong/and was supported by most scientists/who reviewed her work，the book quickly became a target/for critics/in the pesticide industry．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。主句是____________________________________；Though 引导________从句，其中包含who引导的____从句，修饰_______________。
[翻译] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the book quickly became a...
industry
让步状语
定语
most scientists
虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
3．(学会断句)This is not so much/because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。not...but...连接并列的____；though引导________从句，使用了____句式。
[翻译] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
表语
让步状语
倒装
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
1．(续写佳句)Many people spoke of them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
2．(续写佳句)It was a spring without voices．On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins，catbirds，doves，jays，wrens，and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound；only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh．
这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声；只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。
(1)ban sb．from (doing) sth． 禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban on 对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban (on) 解除(对……的)禁令
impose/put/place a ban (on) 颁布(对……的)禁令
1．ban v．禁止，取缔 n．禁令
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①After decades of effort，the city is still trying to figure out how to ban _______ (smoke) in public places．
②The company you referred to just now had put a ban __ using pirated software．
③In this country，there is a ban __ smoking under the age of 18，which is acknowledged to be harmful．
smoking
on
on
④(应用文之倡议书)为了创建更干净的环境和养成节约食物的习惯，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾和浪费食物。
To create cleaner surroundings and develop the habit of saving food，_________________________________________________________．
[名师点津] ban作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为banned；作名词时，为可数名词。
everyone is banned from littering everywhere and wasting food
(1)alert v． 提醒，使(某人)意识到
(2)alert n． 警戒，戒备；警惕
on the alert 警戒着；防备着
on the alert for... 密切注意……；提防……
(3)alert adj． 警觉的，警惕的，戒备的
be alert to sth． 意识/注意到某事
(4)alertly adv． 警惕地，警觉地
2．alert ...to使……意识/认识到
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/词汇升级
①To live a healthy life，the government alerted the public __ the environmental protection．
②(读后续写之心理描写)Hearing this，I was instantly __ the alert．
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious packages．
→The public were warned to be ______________ suspicious packages．
to
on
on the alert for
dozens of 几十，很多
by the dozen 按打计算；大量地
3．dozen number一打； 许多
[即学即练] 完成句子
①(应用文之介绍)这次展览突出了由一位著名艺术家创作的以竹子为主题的数十幅杰作。
The exhibition highlights _________ masterpieces painted by a famous artist，with the theme of bamboo．
②按西方习惯，鸡蛋是按打出售的。
According to west customs，eggs are sold ____________．
③他培养了二十多名对该领域做出重大贡献的博士生。
He schooled ______________ Ph．D．students who themselves made major contributions to the field．
dozens of
by the dozen
over two dozen
[名师点津] (1)与具体数字连用时，不加复数词尾s；若后接名词，通常也无需用介词of。
He bought three dozen bottles of wine．
他买了36瓶酒。
(2)dozen可用作量词， a dozen of修饰名词时of可省略，但dozens of中的of不能省略。
(1)to be precise 准确地说，确切地说
be precise about... 在……方面准确；严谨对待……
at that precise moment 就(恰好)在那个时候
(2)precisely adv． 精确地；恰好；细心地
more precisely 更确切地说；更严格地说
4．precise adj．精确的；一丝不苟的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They could do _________ (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points．
②I can be reasonably precise _____ the time of the incident．
③这个架子长约一米。嗯，准确地说，是98厘米。
The shelf is about a metre long—well，98cm，_____________．
precisely
about
to be precise
(1)urge v． 敦促；催促
urge that sb．(should) do sth． 敦促某人(应该)做某事
(2)urge n． 强烈的欲望；冲动
the urge to do sth． 做某事的强烈欲望/迫切要求
(3)urgency n． 紧急
5．urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
(4)urgent adj． 紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that... ……是迫切的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Action must be taken to deal with the _______ (urge) as soon as possible．
②Parents should actively urge their children _______ (take) advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities．
urgency
to take
③(应用文之倡议书)为提高学习效率，我敦促我们所有人养成独立思考和及时复习功课的习惯。
In order to improve learning efficiency，I urge that all of us______________ (form) the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time．
④(读后续写之心理描写)站在舞台上，我感觉如此紧张以至我有一股想逃的冲动。
Standing on the stage，I felt so nervous that _______________________.
(should) form
I even had an urge to escape
(1)stand for 代表；是……意思；支持；容忍
stand out 突出；显眼；杰出
(2)can't stand (sb．/sth．) doing sth．
不能忍受(某人/某物)做某事
6．stand by坚持，遵守；支持；袖手旁观
[即学即练] 一词多义/完成句子
①It is our parents who stand by us all the time even if all others reject us． ____
②How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do？ ________
③She felt a sense of fulfilment and took pride in wearing school uniform to stand for her school． ____
支持
袖手旁观
代表
④In the competition the little girl stood out because of her elegance and excellent spoken English． ____
⑤我不能忍受和简在一个办公室工作，工作的时候她老是喋喋不休。
I can't __________________ Jane in the same office．She just refuses to stop talking while she works．
[名师点津] stand意为“忍受”时等同于put up with，常与can，could连用，用于否定句和疑问句，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能用于进行时态。
突出
stand working with
(1)have a reputation for 以……著称
(2)earn/win a reputation 赢得声誉
establish a reputation 确立声誉
build a reputation 树立声誉
(3)damage/ruin one's reputation 损害/毁坏某人的名声
live up to one's reputation 名副其实
7．reputation n．名誉，名望
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He has a reputation ___ being tough and uncompromising．
②He established _ reputation as an entertaining speaker．
③司马迁无愧于“文化精英”这一称号。
Sima Qian ______________________ as one of the cultural elites．
for
a
lived up to his reputation
(教材P90)Many people spoke of them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
1．形容词短语作状语
[句式分析] 句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
Excited and overjoyed，the children rushed to the front．
孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
形容词(短语)作状语的用法：
(1)结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
(2)位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
(3)作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
[即学即练] 补全句子/句型转换
①The thief hid himself in the corner，____________________ (担心被人抓住)．
②Crusoe stared at the footprints，____________ (充满恐惧)．
③Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good．
→____________________________，I determined to be just as good．
(形容词短语作状语)
afraid of being caught
full of fear
Amazed at how skillful they were
④Because he was worried about making a bad impression on the customer，he sped up his car on the way to get there in time．
→______________________________________________，he sped up his car on the way to get there in time．(形容词短语作状语)
Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
(教材P92)This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing．
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
2．though引导的倒装让步状语从句
[句式分析] 句中strong though they are为though引导的倒装让步状语从句。
Much tired though he was，he still worked late into the night．
虽然他很累，他仍然工作到深夜。
though引导的倒装让步状语从句的用法如下：
(1)名词/形容词＋though＋主语＋系动词：把系表结构中的“表语”(而非be动词)提到从属连词though之前(而非主语之前)。
(2)副词＋though＋主语＋动词：把修饰谓语动词的某个“副词”提到从属连词though之前。
(3)动词原形＋宾语/状语＋though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词：跟真正倒装句(部分倒装)的要求恰恰相反，把实义动词提到连词之前，而把情态动词放在后面。
(4)动词-ing形式短语＋though＋主语＋be动词：把进行时或被动语态情况下的分词短语提到从属连词though之前。
[即学即练] 用倒装句完成句子/句式升级
①尽管他们做了很大努力，他们还是没能让她改变主意。
______________________，they couldn't make her change her mind．
②无论他们怎样搜查，他们仍然没有在房子里找到人。
________________ they would，they could find nobody in the house．
③虽然他还是个孩子，但他有能力判断做什么是正确的。
____________________，he had the capacity to tell what was the right thing to do．
Hard as/though they tried
Search as/though
Child as/though he was
④虽然下着大雨，但他还是准时到达参加会议了。
_______________________，he arrived for the meeting on time．
⑤Although she was tired and exhausted，she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse．
→_________________________________，she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse．(倒装句)
Raining hard though it was
Tired and exhausted as/though she was
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The government alerted the citizens __ the danger of ecological crisis three years ago．
2．You can depend on it that all of us will stand __ you all the time．
3．It's high time that you submit your application，otherwise you will be banned ____ participating in the activity．
4．Lawyers will urge the parents _______(take) further legal action．
5．She went to the bookstore and bought ______ (dozen) of books．
to
by
from
to take
dozens
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．过于担心与无助，我别无选择，只能求助于你。
_____________________，I have no alternative but to turn to you for help．
2．虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。
__________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
Too worried and helpless
Hard as/though he was working
3．它不仅能提高学生的英语口语水平，而且也能改善学生间的英语学习氛围。(not only...but also...)
___________________________________________，_______________________ the English learning atmosphere among the students．
4．充足的睡眠会使你集中精力考试。
Getting enough sleep will ______________________________．
Not only will it improve the students' oral English
but it will also
enhance
make you concentrate on your exam
5．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象屡见不鲜，对生命和环境造成严重危害。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，___________________________________________．
causing
serious harm to life and the environment
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962．Carson wrote the book 1．______ (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity 2．__ natural ecosystems．And she wished to see pesticides 3．____ (use) in a more responsible，limited and carefully monitored way．The book contained a lot of scientific research，examples and so on，4．_______showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist．The arguments were strong and the writing was
aiming
on
used
which
5．_______ (elegance) and influential．However，the book was not received positively by everyone．It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry，who said that Carson's research was not precise．Carson appeared in public and on television 6．_________ (defend) her claims．
elegant
to defend
Carson's message was very alarming and 7．___ (it) influence was immediate and far-reaching．The use of DDT 8．__________ (ban) and the EPA was established in the US．The book was considered as 9．_ milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world．It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away．
The book changed the world by increasing people's 10．________
(aware) of protecting natural ecosystems．
its
was banned
a
awareness
课时分层作业(十七)
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（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKSPeriod 5 课文整体教学(Developing ideas)
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．Praising the silent spring．
B．How to write a beautiful essay．
C．The use of DDT is prohibited．
D．Reminding people to protect the environment．
2．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A．Carson based her argument on scientific data．
B．Carson launched campaigns to solve problems．
C．Carson wrote the book with rich imagination．
D．Carson listed her sources in her book everywhere．
3．Why did some people challenge Carson's argument
A．They were too emotional about Carson's research．
B．They found no science in Carson's claims．
C．They couldn't make money by producing chemicals．
D．They considered Carson not to be a true scientist．
4．What made the writer like Silent Spring most
A．Its elegant language．
B．Its passionate message．
C．Its horrible subject．
D．Its interesting story．
5．What is the author's attitude to Carson's book
A．Critical． B．Indifferent．
C．Supportive． D．Unfavourable．
1．alert v．提醒，使(某人)意识到 adj． 警觉的
①(教材P90)By imagining a world without birds，she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular，to the harmful use of pesticides，such as DDT． ____________
②Two alert scientists found that there was something wrong with the radar．
_______
2．launch n．推出，发起 v．推出，发布(新产品)；发射；发动
①(教材P91)Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world． _______
②We will launch the moon rocket next week． ___
③He plans to launch a big attack on the enemy． ___
④If a company launches a new product，it makes it available to the public．
___________
1．(学会断句)The book also gives dozens of other examples/of eradication programmes/that did nothing to reduce the problems/they were originally designed to solve．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。that did nothing...是__从句，修饰______________________；they were originally designed to solve 是__从句，修饰____________，省略了______________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
2．(学会断句)Though Carson's research was strong/and was supported by most scientists/who reviewed her work，the book quickly became a target/for critics/in the pesticide industry．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。主句是____________________________________；Though 引导____从句，其中包含who引导的__从句，修饰_______________。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
3．(学会断句)This is not so much/because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing．
[分析] 此句是主从复合句。not...but...连接并列的__；though引导____从句，使用了__句式。
[翻译] _____________________________________________________________
1．(续写佳句)Many people spoke of them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
2．(续写佳句)It was a spring without voices．On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins，catbirds，doves，jays，wrens，and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound；only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh．
这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声；只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。
1．ban v．禁止，取缔 n．禁令
(1)ban sb．from (doing) sth． 禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban on 对……的禁令
lift/remove a ban (on) 解除(对……的)禁令
impose/put/place a ban (on) 颁布(对……的)禁令
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①After decades of effort，the city is still trying to figure out how to ban _______ (smoke) in public places．
②The company you referred to just now had put a ban __ using pirated software．
③In this country，there is a ban __ smoking under the age of 18，which is acknowledged to be harmful．
④(应用文之倡议书)为了创建更干净的环境和养成节约食物的习惯，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾和浪费食物。
To create cleaner surroundings and develop the habit of saving food，_____________________________________________________________．
[名师点津] ban作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为banned；作名词时，为可数名词。
2．alert ...to使……意识/认识到
(1)alert v． 提醒，使(某人)意识到
(2)alert n． 警戒，戒备；警惕
on the alert 警戒着；防备着
on the alert for... 密切注意……；提防……
(3)alert adj． 警觉的，警惕的，戒备的
be alert to sth． 意识/注意到某事
(4)alertly adv． 警惕地，警觉地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/词汇升级
①To live a healthy life，the government alerted the public __ the environmental protection．
②(读后续写之心理描写)Hearing this，I was instantly __ the alert．
③The public were warned to be watching carefully for suspicious packages．
→The public were warned to be ________________ suspicious packages．
3．dozen number一打； 许多
dozens of 几十，很多
by the dozen 按打计算；大量地
[即学即练] 完成句子
①(应用文之介绍)这次展览突出了由一位著名艺术家创作的以竹子为主题的数十幅杰作。
The exhibition highlights _________ masterpieces painted by a famous artist，with the theme of bamboo．
②按西方习惯，鸡蛋是按打出售的。
According to west customs，eggs are sold ____________．
③他培养了二十多名对该领域做出重大贡献的博士生。
He schooled ______________ Ph．D．students who themselves made major contributions to the field．
[名师点津] (1)与具体数字连用时，不加复数词尾s；若后接名词，通常也无需用介词of。
He bought three dozen bottles of wine．
他买了36瓶酒。
(2)dozen可用作量词， a dozen of修饰名词时of可省略，但dozens of中的of不能省略。
4．precise adj．精确的；一丝不苟的
(1)to be precise 准确地说，确切地说
be precise about... 在……方面准确；严谨对待……
at that precise moment 就(恰好)在那个时候
(2)precisely adv． 精确地；恰好；细心地
more precisely 更确切地说；更严格地说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They could do _________ (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points．
②I can be reasonably precise _____ the time of the incident．
③这个架子长约一米。嗯，准确地说，是98厘米。
The shelf is about a metre long—well，98cm，_____________．
5．urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
(1)urge v． 敦促；催促
urge that sb．(should) do sth． 敦促某人(应该)做某事
(2)urge n． 强烈的欲望；冲动
the urge to do sth． 做某事的强烈欲望/迫切要求
(3)urgency n． 紧急
(4)urgent adj． 紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need of 迫切需要
It is urgent that... ……是迫切的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Action must be taken to deal with the _______ (urge) as soon as possible．
②Parents should actively urge their children _______ (take) advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities．
③(应用文之倡议书)为提高学习效率，我敦促我们所有人养成独立思考和及时复习功课的习惯。
In order to improve learning efficiency，I urge that all of us______________ (form) the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time．
④(读后续写之心理描写)站在舞台上，我感觉如此紧张以至我有一股想逃的冲动。
Standing on the stage，I felt so nervous that ____________________________．
6．stand by坚持，遵守；支持；袖手旁观
(1)stand for 代表；是……意思；支持；容忍
stand out 突出；显眼；杰出
(2)can't stand (sb．/sth．) doing sth．
不能忍受(某人/某物)做某事
[即学即练] 一词多义/完成句子
①It is our parents who stand by us all the time even if all others reject us．__
②How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do？____
③She felt a sense of fulfilment and took pride in wearing school uniform to stand for her school． __
④In the competition the little girl stood out because of her elegance and excellent spoken English． __
⑤我不能忍受和简在一个办公室工作，工作的时候她老是喋喋不休。
I can't __________________ Jane in the same office．She just refuses to stop talking while she works．
[名师点津] stand意为“忍受”时等同于put up with，常与can，could连用，用于否定句和疑问句，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能用于进行时态。
7．reputation n．名誉，名望
(1)have a reputation for 以……著称
(2)earn/win a reputation 赢得声誉
establish a reputation 确立声誉
build a reputation 树立声誉
(3)damage/ruin one's reputation 损害/毁坏某人的名声
live up to one's reputation 名副其实
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He has a reputation ___ being tough and uncompromising．
②He established _ reputation as an entertaining speaker．
③司马迁无愧于“文化精英”这一称号。
Sima Qian __________________________ as one of the cultural elites．
1．形容词短语作状语
(教材P90)Many people spoke of them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
[句式分析] 句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
Excited and overjoyed，the children rushed to the front．
孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
形容词(短语)作状语的用法：
(1)结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
(2)位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
(3)作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
[即学即练] 补全句子/句型转换
①The thief hid himself in the corner，______________________ (担心被人抓住)．
②Crusoe stared at the footprints，____________ (充满恐惧)．
③Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good．
→________________________________，I determined to be just as good．(形容词短语作状语)
④Because he was worried about making a bad impression on the customer，he sped up his car on the way to get there in time．
→_____________________________________________________，he sped up his car on the way to get there in time．(形容词短语作状语)
2．though引导的倒装让步状语从句
(教材P92)This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing．
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
[句式分析] 句中strong though they are为though引导的倒装让步状语从句。
Much tired though he was，he still worked late into the night．
虽然他很累，他仍然工作到深夜。
though引导的倒装让步状语从句的用法如下：
(1)名词/形容词＋though＋主语＋系动词：把系表结构中的“表语”(而非be动词)提到从属连词though之前(而非主语之前)。
(2)副词＋though＋主语＋动词：把修饰谓语动词的某个“副词”提到从属连词though之前。
(3)动词原形＋宾语/状语＋though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词：跟真正倒装句(部分倒装)的要求恰恰相反，把实义动词提到连词之前，而把情态动词放在后面。
(4)动词-ing形式短语＋though＋主语＋be动词：把进行时或被动语态情况下的分词短语提到从属连词though之前。
[即学即练] 用倒装句完成句子/句式升级
①尽管他们做了很大努力，他们还是没能让她改变主意。
_________________________，they couldn't make her change her mind．
②无论他们怎样搜查，他们仍然没有在房子里找到人。
________________ they would，they could find nobody in the house．
③虽然他还是个孩子，但他有能力判断做什么是正确的。
_______________________he had the capacity to tell what was the right thing to do．
④虽然下着大雨，但他还是准时到达参加会议了。
__________________________，he arrived for the meeting on time．
⑤Although she was tired and exhausted，she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse．
→_____________________________________，she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse．(倒装句)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The government alerted the citizens __ the danger of ecological crisis three years ago．
2．You can depend on it that all of us will stand __ you all the time．
3．It's high time that you submit your application，otherwise you will be banned ____ participating in the activity．
4．Lawyers will urge the parents _______(take) further legal action．
5．She went to the bookstore and bought ______ (dozen) of books．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．过于担心与无助，我别无选择，只能求助于你。
________________________，I have no alternative but to turn to you for help．
2．虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。
_____________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
3．它不仅能提高学生的英语口语水平，而且也能改善学生间的英语学习氛围。(not only...but also...)
___________________________________________________，________________________ the English learning atmosphere among the students．
4．充足的睡眠会使你集中精力考试。
Getting enough sleep will _________________________________．
5．如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象屡见不鲜，对生命和环境造成严重危害。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，________________________________________________．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962．Carson wrote the book 1．______ (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activity 2．__ natural ecosystems．And she wished to see pesticides 3．____ (use) in a more responsible，limited and carefully monitored way．The book contained a lot of scientific research，examples and so on，4．_______showed how thorough and precise she was as a scientist．The arguments were strong and the writing was 5．_______ (elegance) and influential．However，the book was not received positively by everyone．It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry，who said that Carson's research was not precise．Carson appeared in public and on television 6．_________ (defend) her claims．
Carson's message was very alarming and 7．___ (it) influence was immediate and far-reaching．The use of DDT 8．__________ (ban) and the EPA was established in the US．The book was considered as 9．_ milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world．It earned Carson a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away．
The book changed the world by increasing people's 10．_________ (aware) of protecting natural ecosystems．
Period 5
课文理解
1－5 DACAC
课文精粹
Ⅰ一词多义
1．①v．提醒，使(某人)意识到 ②adj．警觉的
2．①n．推出，发起 ②v．发射 ③v．发动 ④v．推出，发布(新产品)
Ⅱ长难语句
1．分析：定语；eradication programmes；定语；the problems；关系代词that/which
翻译：书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。
2．分析：the book quickly became a...industry；让步状语；定语；most scientists
翻译：虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。
3．分析：表语；让步状语；倒装
翻译：这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
核心词汇
1．①smoking ②on ③on ④everyone is banned from littering everywhere and wasting food
2．①to ②on ③on the alert for
3．①dozens of ②by the dozen ③over two dozen
4．①precisely ②about ③to be precise
5．①urgency ②to take ③(should) form ④I even had an urge to escape
6．①支持 ②袖手旁观 ③代表 ④突出 ⑤stand working with
7．①for ②a ③lived up to his reputation
句法句式
1．①afraid of being caught ②full of fear ③Amazed at how skillful they were；Worried about making a bad impression on the customer
2．①Hard as/though they tried ②Search as/though ③Child as/though he was ④Raining hard though it was ⑤Tired and exhausted as/though she was
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．to 2．by 3．from 4．to take 5．dozens
Ⅱ．1．Too worried and helpless 2．Hard as/though he was working 3．Not only will it improve the students' oral English；but it will also enhance 4．make you concentrate on your exam 5．causing serious harm to life and the environment
Ⅲ．1．aiming 2．on 3．used 4．which 5．elegant 6．to defend 7．its 8．banned 9．a 10．awareness
1 / 1课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．A storm packing 75 mph winds _____ (吹过) across the area last night．
2．Bob _____ (堆放) a few books on the table to make it high enough for him to work on．
3．Yesterday my mother bought a _____ (一打) eggs，three of which were broken by accident．
4．He had made ________ (缜密的) investigations．No wonder he knew so much about it．
5．The Beidou Navigation Satellite System provides________ (精确的) positioning services for users around the world．
Ⅱ．选词填空
by profession，cause harm to，wake up to，meet with，stand by
1．It's time we __________ the threat posed by climate change．
2．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much ______________ our health，but some people don't care．
3．Don't be discouraged when you__________ difficulties．
4．No matter what you say，I will ________ the decision I have made before．
5．Mrs Fontaine，a teacher _____________ before，opened a bookstore after retirement．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Nearly a fifth of items that households place in their recycling bins could end up in landfill，according to new data，because people are wrongly “wish-cycling”．Toothpaste tubes，coffee cups，juice cartons and salad bags are among the biggest items to be incorrectly thrown in the recycling bin，according to Biffa．
Non-recyclable items are removed before the recycling process．But the company warned that other contaminants(污染物) such as food or liquids can mean that potential recycling is also thrown away．
The amount of non-recyclables placed in the wrong bin is rising even as people are becoming more eco-conscious．The company called on people to stop “wish-cycling” and advised always checking labels before putting items in the recycling bin．
David Heaton，a business director at Biffa，said this of the findings，“Contamination happens when items are thrown away in the wrong bins or haven't been cleaned before being recycled．”
“It means recyclable resources are lost and cannot be reused．It's important that people understand what should go in the recycling bin and how to ‘pre-cycle (to clean a tub or a tray if it's got food on it，for example)’ so we can recycle as much material as possible．” When a contaminant can't be recycled，pickers will remove the waste and send it for processing further，with landfill being a last resort (步骤)．
Campaigners have argued that packaging labels and different standards make it too difficult for people to understand what they should be recycling．But most packaging will say whether it is recyclable or not．Biffa also recommends checking the resin code—the number in the plastic triangle—to know whether it can be recycled．Numbers 1，2，4 and 5 are “generally” recyclable，while 3，6 and 7 are not．
1．How does the author introduce “wish-cycling” in paragraph 1
A．By giving examples．
B．By providing data．
C．By making comparisons．
D．By quoting a celebrity．
2．What mainly caused contamination according to David Heaton
A．The loss of recyclable resources．
B．Improper procedures of the pickers．
C．Washing containers before recycling．
D．Sorting the garbage in a wrong way．
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Numbers 1，2 and 3 mean “generally” recyclable．
B．All packaging gives information related to recycling．
C．Governments will apply the same standard to recycling．
D．There exist some challenges to more efficient recycling．
4．What does the text seem to advocate
A．Landfill． B．Pre-cycling．
C．Wish-cycling． D．Non-recycling．
Ⅳ．完形填空
On an early summer day in the fascinating landscape of Jiulong Peak Reserve，deep in Anhui Province，Du Minghui，working in the reserve，was taking a group of 20 students on a study 1 ． With the symphony of birdsong 2 through the air，they went on the journey，winding their way through the forest to 3 the secrets and wonders of wildflowers and trees．
The tours primarily 4 nature education．They aim to allow children to gain a profound understanding of nature by acquiring knowledge of the animals and plants in the 5 ． Throughout the tour，students have the opportunity to acquire essential 6 skills in the wild，such as learning to tie knots and 7 simple stretchers (担架)．
In recent years，the reserve has strengthened partnerships with scientific institutions，making use of its advantages to develop 8 tours and ecotourism．During the first three days of June，Du and his colleagues 9 three groups of students．With summer vacation approaching，they 10 a flood of children to appreciate the appealing beauty of nature．
The 11 in study tours is closely linked to the 12 environment of the mountains．In the past four years，the reserve has captured nearly 350，000 13 of wild animals．With the environment becoming better，people are 14 to witness the return of animal species that had been 15 for years．
1．A．schedule B．task
C．tour D．experience
2．A．playing B．echoing
C．releasing D．composing
3．A．keep B．leak
C．spread D．unlock
4．A．centre around B．rely on
C．cope with D．take over
5．A．zoos B．mountains
C．villages D．cities
6．A．writing B．weaving
C．survival D．withdrawal
7．A．lifting B．building
C．sending D．borrowing
8．A．recreational B．commercial
C．educational D．medical
9．A．hosted B．assessed
C．sponsored D．rewarded
10．A．persuade B．anticipate
C．require D．allow
11．A．contest B．prejudice
C．reform D．boom
12．A．improved B．mixed
C．disturbed D．exploited
13．A．feelings B．images
C．sounds D．shapes
14．A．confused B．moved
C．delighted D．shocked
15．A．free B．diverse
C．extinct D．absent
Ⅴ．语法填空
Bird-watching has been included in a public benefit program “Park Classes” in Wuhan schools． 1． (bury) in books and having little access to the outside world，many students don't have the 2． (little) idea of what nature really is．
This program is designed 3． (raise) the awareness of environmental protection among school kids，4． often feel greatly refreshed by appreciating the grace of the adorable creatures through cameras．
Among the selective courses 5． (be) the restoration of small and micro wetlands．As for this course，what 6． (need) is a lot of hands-on practice．Under the 7． (guide) of their teachers，students are required to conduct research on a 500-square-metre wetland in the city parks．Focusing their attention 8． the wetland's physical condition，they have recorded the number of plant and animal species to create a restoration plan．Thanks to their efforts，the biodiversity of the wetland has been 9． (significant) improved．
“It's very meaningful，” said Li Chenliang，10． eighth grader from this project．“I have gained a lot of knowledge that cannot be directly got from books．I should make full use of the city's ecological advantages and get more chances to get closer to nature．”
课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ．1．swept 2．piled 3．dozen 4．thorough 5．precise
Ⅱ．1．woke up to 2．causes harm to 3．meet with 4．stand by 5．by profession
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4
B D D B
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C B D A B C B C
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A B D A B C D
Ⅴ．1．Buried 2．least 3．to raise 4．who 5．is 6．is needed 7．guidance 8．on 9．significantly 10．an
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了由于人们错误的垃圾分类方式，反而导致垃圾被填埋，造成污染。专家建议垃圾回收前做好“预回收”工作。
1．B [写作手法题。根据文章第一段中的“Nearly a fifth of items that households place in their recycling bins could end up in landfill，according to new data，because people are wrongly ‘wishcycling’．”可知，文章第一段通过列数据来引出“wishcycling”这一关键词。故选B项。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“David Heaton，a business director at Biffa，said this of the findings，‘Contamination happens when items are thrown away in the wrong bins or haven't been cleaned before being recycled．’”可知，David认为，当物品被扔进错误的垃圾箱或在回收前没有清洗时，就会产生污染。由此可知，垃圾分类错误时会产生污染。故选D项。]
3．D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Campaigners have argued that packaging labels and different standards make it too difficult for people to understand what they should be recycling．But most packaging will say whether it is recyclable or not．Biffa also recommends checking the resin code—the number in the plastic triangle—to know whether it can be recycled．Numbers 1，2，4 and 5 are ‘generally’ recyclable，while 3，6 and 7 are not．”可知，包装标签和不同的标准使人们很难理解他们该回收什么，说明在垃圾回收过程中存在问题和挑战，D项正确；数字3为不可回收，A项错误；大部分包装会标明是否可回收，不是所有包装都会标明，B项错误；C项未提及。故选D项。]
4．B [推理判断题。阅读文章内容，尤其是第五段中的“It's important that people understand what should go in the recycling bin and how to ‘precycle (to clean a tub or a tray if it's got food on it，for example)’ so we can recycle as much material as possible．”可知，在垃圾回收前，人们要了解什么应该进回收箱，以及如何做好“预回收”。由此可知，本文重点强调垃圾“预回收”工作。故选B项。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了安徽省九龙峰自然保护区通过加强与科研机构的合作，利用其优势发展教育旅游和生态旅游，让学生了解自然。
1．C [根据下文“they went on the journey”及多次提到的“tour”可知，这是一个由20名学生组成的游学团。]
2．B [根据下文“through the air”及语境可知，鸟的叫声在空中回响。]
3．D [根据上文“a study ”及下文“ the secrets and wonders of wildflowers and trees”可知，此处指通过这次游学旅程，孩子们解锁自然界的秘密和奇迹。]
4．A [根据下文“They aim to allow children to gain a profound understanding of nature by acquiring knowledge of the animals and plants”可知，这次游学主要以自然为中心。]
5．B [根据上文“Jiulong Peak Reserve”及“understanding of nature by acquiring knowledge of the animals and plants ”可知，此处指通过了解山上的动物和植物，让这些学生们对自然有一个深刻的了解。]
6．C [根据下文“skills in the wild，such as learning to tie knots and simple stretchers”可知，这些技能对于人们在野外生存是必要的。]
7．B [根据上文“learning to tie knots”及下文“simple stretchers”可知，这里指学习打结和搭建简单的担架的技巧。]
8．C [根据上文“The tours primarily nature education．”及“strengthened partnerships with scientific institutions”可知，这里指保护区加强与科研机构的合作，利用其优势发展教育旅游。]
9．A [根据上文“Du Minghui，working in the reserve，was taking a group of 20 students on a study ．”可知，在游学活动中，杜明辉作为领队带领孩子，所以此处指他们接待了三组学生。]
10．B [根据上文“With summer vacation approaching”及下文“a flood of children to appreciate the appealing beauty of nature”可知，暑假到来后，会有很多的学生愿意来欣赏迷人的大自然之美，所以此处指他们预想会有很多的学生来参加游学活动。]
11．D [根据上文“ a flood of children to appreciate the appealing beauty of nature”可知，参加游学的学生数量很多，说明游学活动在日益繁荣。]
12．A [根据下文“With the environment becoming better”可知，自然环境在日益变好。]
13．B [根据“captured nearly 350，000”及语境可知，此处指拍摄了350 000张野生动物的照片。]
14．C [根据下文“witness the return of animal species”可知，人们看到好多年不见的动物又出现在保护区里，心情自然是高兴的。]
15．D [根据上文“witness the return of animal species”可知，人们看到动物物种的回归，说明好多年来是看不到这些动物的。]
Ⅴ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了观鸟已被纳入武汉学校的公益项目“公园课堂”，此举既能够让学生们了解自然，又有利于环境保护。
1．Buried [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作句子的状语，bury和many students在逻辑上是被动关系，应用bury的过去分词形式buried，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Buried。]
2．least [考查形容词最高级。not have the least idea of...对……一无所知，完全不知道。故填least。]
3．to raise [考查非谓语动词。be designed to do sth．旨在做……。故填to raise。]
4．who [考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词school kids进行补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。]
5．is [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，表示地点的介词短语Among the selective courses放在句首，引起句子完全倒装，主语是the restoration of small and micro wetlands，且句子在描述客观性的事实，时态应用一般现在时。故填is。]
6．is needed [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作what引导的主语从句的谓语，句子在描述客观性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，need和主语what之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，what作主语。故填is needed。]
7．guidance [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处被the限定，作under的宾语，构成固定短语under the guidance of...，意为“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。]
8．on [考查介词。focus one's attention on...关注……。故填on。]
9．significantly [考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词improved，应用副词形式。故填significantly。]
10．an [考查冠词。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一名，一位”，应用不定冠词，且eighth的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。]
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