(共34张PPT)
Period 1
Unit 5 Into the unknown
主题语境
人与社会——社会进步与人类文明
1．____ v．将……埋在下面
2．_____ n．运河
3．____ n．残垣断壁，废墟
4．_______ v．拒绝考虑，否定
课时练案 单元词汇表(Words and expressions)
bury
canal
ruin
dismiss
5．_________ n．物质
6．retreat v．_________________
7．shrink v．_________________
8．stack v．______________________
substance
后退；离开；退避
退缩，畏缩，收缩
(使)整齐地堆起；摞起
1．The arrival of ______(canal) was of great value to many industries．
2．The girl ______(bury) her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news．
3．You must choose a bigger size because this cloth _______(shrink) in washing．
4．Much to our horror，the earthquake left the whole city in _____
(ruin) in a short time．
canals
buried
shrinks
ruins
5．Bored with such meaningless conversation，Mary _________
(retreat) to her bedroom．
6．The workers were busy ________(stack) the shelves with goods．
7．The case _____________(dismiss) on the grounds that there was not enough evidence．
8．All __________(substance) are made of atoms whether they are solid，liquid or gas．
retreated
stacking
was dismissed
substances
1．civilise v． 使文明；使开化→civilised adj．文明的；开化的→____________ n．文明(社会)
2．_________ n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家→astronomical adj．天文学的；天文数字的
3．_______ v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj．被遗弃的
4．expand v．扩大；增加→_________ n．扩大；增加
civilisation
astronomy
abandon
expansion
5．investigate v．调查→_____________ n．调查
6．archaeology n．考古学→archaeologist n．考古学家→______________
adj．考古学的；考古的
7．note v．注意；留意→_______ adj．显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv．明显地；尤其；特别
8．drill v．钻孔，打眼；操练→________ n． 钻探；勘探
investigation
archaeological
notable
drilling
1．Chinese ____________(civilise) has a long history of more than
5，000 years．
2．After months of ________(drill)，oil was found off the coast．
3．There is a rapid _________(expand) of private nursing home care over the last decade．
civilisation
drilling
expansion
4．Soon they reached an _________(abandon) temple，where there once lived an old monk．
5．The proposed new structure is _______(note) not only for its height，but for its shape．
6．All the ______________(archaeology) projects found plenty of bird bones and even tiny bones from fish．
7．To get more evidence，the lawyer ____________ many witnesses．
After _____________，he got some useful proof．(investigate)
abandoned
notable
archaeological
investigated
investigation
1．____________ 相当于，与……相符
2．___________ 更加
3．_______________ 逃命
4．_________ 调查，检查
5．_____________ 试水，试探
6．_______ 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
7．________________ 积极投入到……中去
8．_________ 调查(问题)
correspond to
all the more
run for one's life
check out
test the waters
set out
throw oneself into
look into
1．When ___________ on a long walk，please remember to wear suitable boots．
2．The engineer ___________ all the machines before they were put to use．
3．The written record of his conversation didn't _____________ what was actually said．
4．I decided I wanted to _______________ in a few different companies before deciding on where I wanted to work．
setting out
checked out
correspond to
test the waters
1．millimetre n．毫米
[联想] ①centimetre n．厘米
②kilometre n．千米，公里
2．upwards adv．向上，朝上
[联想] ①downwards adv．向下，朝下
②outwards adv．向外，朝外
③backwards adv．向后，朝后
④southwards adv．向南，朝南
词汇联想 由新知联想已知
3．furthermore adv．此外；而且；不仅如此
[联想] ①besides adv．此外；而且
②additionally adv．此外
③moreover adv．此外，而且
④in addition 此外，而且
4．substance n．物质
[联想] matter n．物质(总称)
5．hold a record 保持记录
[联想] ①set a record 创造纪录
②break a record 打破纪录
①intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n．文明(社会)
③an incredible discovery 一个惊人的发现
④comparison n．对比，比较
bear/stand no comparison with比不上……
课下预习 第一篇课文(Understanding ideas)
⑤correspond to 与……相符；类似于
⑥spot v．发现
⑦dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定
⑧representative adj．典型的，有代表性的 n．代表
⑨power n．力量
⑩mathematics n．数学
astronomy n．天文学
apply v．应用
apply...to 把……应用于
accurate adj．精确的
character n．字母；符号
represent v．代表
syllable n．音节
interpret v．诠释；说明
primitive adj．原始的
at something's peak 在……的顶峰
a couple of generations 几代
decline v．衰落，衰弱，衰败
riches n．财富；财产
claim its riches 索取它的财富
settlement n．定居点
collapse v．崩溃，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj．致命的
a combination of ……的结合
indicate v．暗示；表明
downfall n．衰败
unknowingly adv．未意识到地，不知不觉地
tropical cyclone 热带气旋
the rise and fall 兴衰
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age，15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts．Through comparison④， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤ the positions of the stars．Based on this，he believed he had spotted⑥ an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle．[2] Although his theory has been dismissed⑦ by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people．
[1]Intrigued by...为过去分词短语作原因状语，表示“被……所吸引”。
[2]本句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
It isn't difficult to see why．Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century．The Maya built impressive palaces and temples，including their representative⑧ step pyramids．What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power⑨．The Maya's understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy was also quite amazing．They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within
30 seconds per year．[3]On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system．It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables ．It was a writing system so complicated that，so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely．
[3]本句是一个完全倒装句。
[4]此处为with的复合结构作状语。
[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious．[6]But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities． By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak ．Yet，within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline ．The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle．When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements ．
[5]本句中that引导同位语从句；另外，本句还包含一个“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，its achievements为宾语，all the more incredible and mysterious为宾语补足语。
[6]本句中what引导表语从句。
[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery．Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall ．They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains，and had dug huge canal systems．As their population expanded，yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction．[8]By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters．
[7]本句中why引导主语从句。
[8]本句含有主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya．Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD．This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD．[9]
Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places．These droughts would have led to food shortages，conflicts and，ultimately，the downfall of the cities．
[9]本句中that引导宾语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason。
[10]Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle．Its once-great cities fell into ruin，[11]leaving various mysteries for later people to solve．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．
[10]本句中whatever引导让步状语从句，省略了be动词were。
[11]此处为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
玛雅之谜
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历法中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。
玛雅文明衰落的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是因为自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突、抑或是几个不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最终导致城市的衰败。
无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
THANKSPeriod 1 单元词汇表(Words and expressions)
1． v．将……埋在下面 2． n．运河 3． n．残垣断壁，废墟 4． v．拒绝考虑，否定 5． n．物质 6．retreat v． 7．shrink v． 8．stack v． 1．The arrival of (canal) was of great value to many industries． 2．The girl (bury) her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news． 3．You must choose a bigger size because this cloth (shrink) in washing． 4．Much to our horror，the earthquake left the whole city in (ruin) in a short time． 5．Bored with such meaningless conversation，Mary (retreat) to her bedroom． 6．The workers were busy (stack) the shelves with goods． 7．The case (dismiss) on the grounds that there was not enough evidence． 8．All (substance) are made of atoms whether they are solid，liquid or gas．
1．civilise v． 使文明；使开化→civilised adj．文明的；开化的→ n．文明(社会) 2． n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家→astronomical adj．天文学的；天文数字的 3． v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj．被遗弃的 4．expand v．扩大；增加→ n．扩大；增加 5．investigate v．调查→ n．调查 6．archaeology n．考古学→archaeologist n．考古学家→ adj．考古学的；考古的 7．note v．注意；留意→ adj．显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv．明显地；尤其；特别 8．drill v．钻孔，打眼；操练→ n． 钻探；勘探 1．Chinese (civilise) has a long history of more than 5，000 years． 2．After months of (drill)，oil was found off the coast． 3．There is a rapid (expand) of private nursing home care over the last decade． 4．Soon they reached an (abandon) temple，where there once lived an old monk． 5．The proposed new structure is (note) not only for its height，but for its shape． 6．All the (archaeology) projects found plenty of bird bones and even tiny bones from fish． 7．To get more evidence，the lawyer many witnesses．After ，he got some useful proof．(investigate)
1． 相当于，与……相符 2． 更加 3． 逃命 4． 调查，检查 5． 试水，试探 6． 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 7． 积极投入到……中去 8． 调查(问题) 1．When on a long walk，please remember to wear suitable boots． 2．The engineer all the machines before they were put to use． 3．The written record of his conversation didn't what was actually said． 4．I decided I wanted to in a few different companies before deciding on where I wanted to work．
由新知联想已知
1．millimetre n．毫米 [联想] ①centimetre n．厘米 ②kilometre n．千米，公里 2．upwards adv．向上，朝上 [联想] ①downwards adv．向下，朝下 ②outwards adv．向外，朝外 ③backwards adv．向后，朝后 ④southwards adv．向南，朝南 3．furthermore adv．此外；而且；不仅如此 [联想] ①besides adv．此外；而且 ②additionally adv．此外 ③moreover adv．此外，而且 ④in addition 此外，而且 4．substance n．物质 [联想] matter n．物质(总称) 5．hold a record 保持记录 [联想] ①set a record 创造纪录 ②break a record 打破纪录
第一篇课文(Understanding ideas)
①intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
②civilisation n．文明(社会)
③an incredible discovery 一个惊人的发现
④comparison n．对比，比较
bear/stand no comparison with比不上……
⑤correspond to 与……相符；类似于
⑥spot v．发现
⑦dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定
⑧representative adj．典型的，有代表性的 n．代表
⑨power n．力量
⑩mathematics n．数学
astronomy n．天文学
apply v．应用
apply...to 把……应用于
accurate adj．精确的
character n．字母；符号
represent v．代表
syllable n．音节
interpret v．诠释；说明
primitive adj．原始的
at something's peak 在……的顶峰
a couple of generations 几代
decline v．衰落，衰弱，衰败
riches n．财富；财产
claim its riches 索取它的财富
settlement n．定居点
collapse v．崩溃，瓦解；倒塌，坍塌
deadly adj．致命的
a combination of ……的结合
indicate v．暗示；表明
downfall n．衰败
unknowingly adv．未意识到地，不知不觉地
tropical cyclone 热带气旋
the rise and fall 兴衰
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
[1]Intrigued① by Maya civilisation② from a very young age，15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery③ from his study of ancient star charts．Through comparison④， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑤ the positions of the stars．Based on this，he believed he had spotted⑥ an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle．[2] Although his theory has been dismissed⑦ by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people．
[1]Intrigued by...为过去分词短语作原因状语，表示“被……所吸引”。
[2]本句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
It isn't difficult to see why．Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century．The Maya built impressive palaces and temples，including their representative⑧ step pyramids．What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power⑨．The Maya's understanding of mathematics⑩ and astronomy was also quite amazing．They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year．[3]On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system．It contained more than 800 characters ， [4]with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables ．It was a writing system so complicated that，so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely．
[3]本句是一个完全倒装句。
[4]此处为with的复合结构作状语。
[5]The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious．[6]But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities． By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak ．Yet，within just a couple of generations ， it began to mysteriously decline ．The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle．When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches ，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements ．
[5]本句中that引导同位语从句；另外，本句还包含一个“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，its achievements为宾语，all the more incredible and mysterious为宾语补足语。
[6]本句中what引导表语从句。
[7]Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery．Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall ．They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains，and had dug huge canal systems．As their population expanded，yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction．[8]By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters．
[7]本句中why引导主语从句。
[8]本句含有主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya．Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD．This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD．[9]Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places．These droughts would have led to food shortages，conflicts and，ultimately，the downfall of the cities．
[9]本句中that引导宾语从句；why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason。
[10]Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle．Its once-great cities fell into ruin，[11]leaving various mysteries for later people to solve．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．
[10]本句中whatever引导让步状语从句，省略了be动词were。
[11]此处为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
玛雅之谜
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到了玛雅历法中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人可以将其完全解读。
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。
玛雅文明衰落的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是因为自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突、抑或是几个不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最终导致城市的衰败。
无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
Period 1
速记·重点词汇——牢记词形和词义
1．bury 2．canal 3．ruin 4．dismiss 5．substance 6．后退；离开；退避 7．退缩，畏缩，收缩 8．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．canals 2．buried 3．shrinks 4．ruins 5．retreated 6．stacking 7．was dismissed 8．substances
速记·派生词汇——牢记词形和词义
1．civilisation 2．astronomy 3．abandon 4．expansion 5．investigation 6．archaeological 7．notable 8．drilling
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．civilisation 2．drilling 3．expansion 4．abandoned 5．notable 6．archaeological 7．investigated；investigation
速记·重点短语——记牢搭配和意义
1．correspond to 2．all the more 3．run for one's life 4．check out 5．test the waters 6．set out 7．throw oneself into 8．look into
运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功
1．setting out 2．checked out 3．correspond to 4．test the waters
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