Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．superior adj．质量上乘的，优质的
(1)superior in 在……方面优越
superior to 比……优越；比……好
(2)superiority n． 优越(性)，优势；优越感
[名师点津] superior表示“较好的，更好的”，因该词本身已含有比较意味，其前不能用more；另外，在两者做比较时，不能与than连用，要与介词to连用。与其用法相似的词还有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Your goods are superior quality compared with those of other manufacturers．
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless (superior)．
③人类的大脑将永远优越于机器，因为机器仅仅只是人脑的工具。
The human mind will always because machines are only tools of human minds．
2．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
(1)come to an end 完结；结束
bring...to an end ＝ put/bring an end to 使……结束；终止
(2)at the end (of) 在(……的)尽头
in the end 最后，终于
on end 不停地，连续地；竖着地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The meeting nearly came an end when I got to the meeting room．
②They argued for two days end； the end，they decided to bring/put an end this endless argument．
③随着生活花费的上升，他们发现很难做到收支相抵。
With the cost of living going up，they ．
3．go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
be in debt 欠债
fall/get/run into debt 负债
be/get out of debt 摆脱/还清债务
pay off one's debts 偿清某人的债务
put sb．in debt 使某人负债
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If a person is heavily debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence．
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid all his debts．
③自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你负债。
Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence．On the other hand，it could ．
复习定语从句
一、引导定语从句的关系词
1．定语从句关系词的用法
关系词 先行词 充当的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/事 主语、宾语、表语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
She is the girl who lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她是我们班里书法最好的学生。
As is known to us all，China is a developing country．
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。
2．关系代词和关系副词的选用
(1)用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
这是我去年待过的山村。
(2)准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语、方式状语时，应选用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，应分别选用关系副词(where，when，why)。
3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别
用that不用which的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时
先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或先行词被其修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时
用which不用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that
关系代词前有介词时用which不用that
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved．
我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths．
②Do you know the reason he was absent yesterday
③ is reported，that small river has been seriously polluted．
④We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
⑤Do you know the things and persons they are talking about
⑥The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we had expected．
⑦Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food．
⑧Are you willing to join the group goal is to protect the endangered animals
⑨The man I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University．
二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
(1)根据从句中的谓语动词确定介词。
The poor man has no house in which he can live．
那个穷人没房子住。
(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
I don't know the reason for which he was late for school．
我不知道他为何上学迟到。
(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved．
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。
2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army．
我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now
你认识刚才与布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？
3．“介词＋which”结构可以被关系副词where，when，why替换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago．
＝This is the house where I lived two years ago．
这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。
4．“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体或整体中的部分。
Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it．
上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。
5．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired．
窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。
[即时训练2] 用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子
①He wrote a letter．In the letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
→He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
②Our company has 2，000 workers．Two thirds of them are women．
→Our company has 2，000 workers， are women．
③Winter is the time of year．During this time the days are short and the nights are long．
→Winter is the time of year， the days are short and the nights are long．
④I'm very thankful to Mr Wang．Without his encouragement I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
→I'm very thankful to Mr Wang， I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意思的表达) 和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响整个句子意思的表达)
不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分
He has two sons who/that work in the same company．
他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。(他不止两个儿子)
He has two sons，who work in the same company．
他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。(他只有两个儿子)
2．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事 从句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般译为“正如，就像”
which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词 从句常置于主句后，有时在主句中，一般译为“结果”
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health．
我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which/as is very important to us．
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①He is the man came to see you yesterday．
②My aunt， you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business．
③Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world．
④The 12-year-old boy won the gold medal， came as a surprise to many people．
⑤ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress．
短文语境填空
My sister is a college student 1． is studying in Beijing University．I will never forget the days 2． I visited this university last summer．
She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library 3． attracts me very much．There are more than ten thousand college students，all of 4． are fighting for their promising future，5． I have never thought before．
She is a model from 6． I will learn．I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Beijing University 7． I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n．(极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
paper n．纸，纸张；报纸；文件，文献；试卷；论文
④state v．陈述，说明
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
set out on 开始进行(某项旅程、任务或计划)
⑦take on 具有(特征、外观等)，呈现
take action 开始行动
⑧frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from...to...从……到……不同
⑩take off 起飞；脱下；开始成功
response n．回应
increasing demand for对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj．有竞争力的
deliver v．传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服装
rock-bottom prices 最低价格
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
a couple of days 几天
cut down (on sth．) 减少，削减(某物)
existing regulations 现有法规
ongoing supervision 持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份额
expense n．费用，花费
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
be subject to 可能受……影响的
abuse n．滥用
property n．财产，财物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷窃，偷盗
secure adj．安全的
security n． 保护措施；保安部门；担保
potential risks 潜在的风险
potential customers/buyers/investors/clients潜在顾客/买家/投资者/客户
with potential有潜力的
nonetheless adv．尽管如此
be relevant to 与……相关
,What's mine is yours．
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others．When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media．[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding．
[1] 本句为主从复合句。Taking it as an object of study为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning．It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing．We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time．These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares．The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas．It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them．
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，it's out there．Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation；everyone makes or saves money．We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends．What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste．And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road．
[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
[3]句中Whether...or...引导让步状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；from which we can...a couple of days为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems．[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision ．Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies．In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust．Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides．Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure ．Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services．Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users．
[4]句中As为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy．[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future． What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such...that引导结果状语从句，从句中的what引导宾语从句。
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱，从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
Period 4
核心词汇
1．①in ②superiority ③be superior to machines
2．①to ②on；in；to ③find it difficult to make ends meet
3．①in ②off ③put you in debt
单元语法
[即时训练1]
①who ②why ③As ④when ⑤that ⑥which ⑦where ⑧whose ⑨who(m)
[即时训练2]
①in which ②two thirds of whom/of whom two thirds ③during which ④without whose encouragement
[即时训练3]
①who/that ②whom/who ③which/that ④which ⑤As
巩固落实
短文语境填空
1．who/that 2．when 3．which/that 4．whom 5．which/as
6．whom 7．where
1 / 12(共50张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 4 Everyday economics
主题语境
人与社会——社会（热点）问题
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)superior in 在……方面优越
superior to 比……优越；比……好
(2)superiority n． 优越(性)，优势；优越感
1．superior adj．质量上乘的，优质的
[名师点津] superior表示“较好的，更好的”，因该词本身已含有比较意味，其前不能用more；另外，在两者做比较时，不能与than连用，要与介词to连用。与其用法相似的词还有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Your goods are superior __ quality compared with those of other manufacturers．
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless __________
(superior)．
③人类的大脑将永远优越于机器，因为机器仅仅只是人脑的工具。
The human mind will always _____________________ because machines are only tools of human minds．
in
superiority
be superior to machines
(1)come to an end 完结；结束
bring...to an end ＝ put/bring an end to
使……结束；终止
(2)at the end (of) 在(……的)尽头
in the end 最后，终于
on end 不停地，连续地；竖着地
2．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The meeting nearly came __ an end when I got to the meeting room．
②They argued for two days ___ end；___ the end，they decided to bring/put an end __ this endless argument．
③随着生活花费的上升，他们发现很难做到收支相抵。
With the cost of living going up，they ____________________________．
to
on
in
to
find it difficult to make ends meet
be in debt 欠债
fall/get/run into debt 负债
be/get out of debt 摆脱/还清债务
pay off one's debts 偿清某人的债务
put sb．in debt 使某人负债
3．go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If a person is heavily __ debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence．
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid ___ all his debts．
③自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你负债。
Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence．On the other hand，it could __________________．
in
off
put you in debt
复习定语从句
一、引导定语从句的关系词
1．定语从句关系词的用法
关系词 先行词 充当的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
关系词 先行词 充当的成分
关系代词 which 物/事 主语、宾语、表语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语、表语
She is the girl who lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她是我们班里书法最好的学生。
关系词 先行词 充当的成分
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
As is known to us all，China is a developing country．
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。
2．关系代词和关系副词的选用
(1)用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
这是我去年待过的山村。
(2)准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语、方式状语时，应选用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，应分别选用关系副词(where，when，why)。
3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别
用that不用which的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时
先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时
用that不用which的情况 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或先行词被其修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved．
我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。
用which不用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that
关系代词前有介词时用which不用that
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
②Do you know the reason ____ he was absent yesterday
③___ is reported，that small river has been seriously polluted．
④We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
who
why
As
when
⑤Do you know the things and persons ____ they are talking about
⑥The weather turned out to be very good，_____ was more than we had expected．
⑦Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants _____ you can eat many different kinds of food．
⑧Are you willing to join the group ______ goal is to protect the endangered animals
⑨The man ________ I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University．
that
which
where
whose
who(m)
二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
(1)根据从句中的谓语动词确定介词。
The poor man has no house in which he can live．
那个穷人没房子住。
(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。
I don't know the reason for which he was late for school．
我不知道他为何上学迟到。
(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved．
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。
2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army．
我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now
你认识刚才与布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？
3．“介词＋which”结构可以被关系副词where，when，why替换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago．
＝This is the house where I lived two years ago．
这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。
4．“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体或整体中的部分。
Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it．
上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。
5．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired．
窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。
[即时训练2] 用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子
①He wrote a letter．In the letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
→He wrote a letter _________ he explained what had happened in the accident．
②Our company has 2，000 workers．Two thirds of them are women．
→Our company has 2，000 workers，___________________________
_______ are women．
in which
two thirds of whom/of whom two
thirds
③Winter is the time of year．During this time the days are short and the nights are long．
→Winter is the time of year，_____________ the days are short and the nights are long．
④I'm very thankful to Mr Wang．Without his encouragement I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
→I'm very thankful to Mr Wang，__________________________ I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
during which
without whose encouragement
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意思的表达) 和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响整个句子意思的表达)
不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分
He has two sons who/that work in the same company．
他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。(他不止两个儿子)
He has two sons，who work in the same company．
他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。(他只有两个儿子)
2．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事 从句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般译为“正如，就像”
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health．
我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which/as is very important to us．
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词 从句常置于主句后，有时在主句中，一般译为“结果”
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①He is the man _________ came to see you yesterday．
②My aunt，___________you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business．
③Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world．
who/that
whom/who
which/that
④The 12-year-old boy won the gold medal，_____ came as a surprise to many people．
⑤___ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress．
which
As
短文语境填空
My sister is a college student 1．_________ is studying in Beijing University．I will never forget the days 2．_____ I visited this university last summer．
She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library 3．___________ attracts me very much．There are more than ten thousand college students，all of 4．______ are fighting for their promising future，5．_________ I have never thought before．
who/that
when
which/that
whom
which/as
She is a model from 6．_____ I will learn．I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Beijing University 7．_____ I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere．
whom
where
①sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
②object n．(极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象
③publish various papers 发表各种论文
paper n．纸，纸张；报纸；文件，文献；试卷；论文
④state v．陈述，说明
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤be beneficial to 对……有好处，有益于……
⑥set up 创建，建立
set out on 开始进行(某项旅程、任务或计划)
⑦take on 具有(特征、外观等)，呈现
take action 开始行动
⑧frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑨vary from...to...从……到……不同
⑩take off 起飞；脱下；开始成功
response n．回应
increasing demand for对……不断增长的需求
competitive adj．有竞争力的
deliver v．传递，传送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服装
rock-bottom prices 最低价格
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
a couple of days 几天
cut down (on sth．) 减少，削减(某物)
existing regulations 现有法规
ongoing supervision 持续监管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份额
expense n．费用，花费
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
be subject to 可能受……影响的
abuse n．滥用
property n．财产，财物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷窃，偷盗
secure adj．安全的
security n． 保护措施；保安部门；担保
potential risks 潜在的风险
potential customers/buyers/investors/clients潜在顾客/买家/投资者/客户
with potential有潜力的
nonetheless adv．尽管如此
be relevant to 与……相关
What's mine is yours．
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others．When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media．[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding．
[1] 本句为主从复合句。Taking it as an object of study为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning．It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing．We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time．These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares．The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas．It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them．
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，it's out there．Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation；everyone makes or saves money．We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends．What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste．And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road．
[2]all delivered at the click of a button为独立主格结构。
[3]句中Whether...or...引导让步状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；from which we can...a couple of days为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems．[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision ．Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies．In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust．Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while
sharing rides．Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure ．Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services．Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users．
[4]句中As为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy．[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future． What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such...that引导结果状语从句，从句中的what引导宾语从句。
我的就是你的。
我们还在蹒跚学步的时候就被教导“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
如今，分享行为又多了额外的含义。不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱，从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域红火起来，它创造着新的思维方式，随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。
我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过一键单击来实现。无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。这对于出租者和租用者来说都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱，或都能省钱。我们可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享方式鼓励我们将物品再次利用，从而减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
但共享经济并非没有问题。世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、银行信息、对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它飞速扩张，我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？
THANKS
