Period 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
(1)bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸
(2)be buried in ＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat．
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park， (bury) her head in the book in her hands．
③他埋头看书，不知道外面正在下雨。
a．Because he ，he didn't know it was raining outside．
b． ，he didn't know it was raining outside．(动词-ing形式作状语)
c． ，he didn't know it was raining outside．(过去分词作状语)
2．apply...to 把……应用于；把……涂/敷到……上
(1)apply v． 申请；适用；应用；致力于；涂；敷
apply to 适用于(to为介词)
apply (to sb．) for (向某人)申请
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
(2)application n． 申请，申请表；应用
applicant n． 申请人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Apply some medicine the wound and then bandage it immediately．
②I'm writing to apply the job，thinking that I'm qualified for it．
③Over the next months，he applied himself to (improve) the technique．
④大学毕业后，我会将所学知识应用到日常生活中。
After graduation from university，I'll everyday life．
3．on top of 除……之外；在……上方
on top of this/that 除此之外
on top of the world 极度开心
at the top/bottom of 在……顶端/底部
at the top of one's voice 高声地
from top to bottom 完完全全，彻底地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He promised to help us and top of that he lent us many reference books．
②Put your own name and present address the bottom of the application form．
③当她听到这个好消息，极度开心。
When she heard the good news，she felt ．
④汽车卡在路边的一堵墙上，简直是在灾难的边缘摇摆着。
The car had come to rest ，literally swinging on the edge of disaster．
4．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭 v．毁灭；使破产
(1)in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损
fall into ruin 衰落，败落
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 自我毁灭
ruin one's hope/chance 毁掉某人的希望/机会
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The whole town (ruin) by the heavy storm last night．
②Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ruin．
③地震过后，整个城市沦为了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night．
5．abandon v．离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
(1)abandon doing sth． 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为介词)
(2)with abandon 无约束地，放任地
(3)abandoned adj． 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I will never abandon (reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life．
②They transformed an (abandon) factory into a lab，in which they carry on their research．
③全体员工听到这个令人满意的实验结果时兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。
All the staff were shouting and cheering ，hearing the fulfilling result of the experiment．
6．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；消除，摒除(思想、感情等)；解雇，开除
(1)dismiss sth．from one's mind 从某人心中摒除某事
dismiss sb．/sth．as 把某人/事当作……不予理会
dismiss sb．from 把某人从……(职位)解雇
dismiss sb．for 因……解雇某人
(2)dismissal n． 不予考虑，摒弃；解雇，开除
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Sadly for him，he was dismissed a dreamer．
②She claimed that she was unfairly dismissed her post．
③He still hopes to win the claim against unfair (dismiss)．
④别去管你的那些想法了——那些想法太离谱，不值得考虑。
Just — they are crazy and not worth thinking about．
7．expansion n．扩大；增加；膨胀
(1)expand v． 扩大；增加；膨胀
expand (...) into... (把……)扩展成……
expand on/upon 详细阐明；详述
(2)expansive adj． 广大的；辽阔的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This novel is an (expand) of a short story he wrote about forty years ago．
②My farm has expanded a big one，which is three times as big as the previous one．
③老师在讲课中详细地讲述了英语虚拟语气的用法。
In his lecture the teacher the uses of the English subjunctive mood．
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
[句式分析] 本句为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，该句式意为“使/让……继续处于某种状态、某地等”。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched．
他起床晚了，匆匆赶到办公室，早餐也没动。
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
(3)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句
(4)leave＋宾语＋as引导的方式状语从句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Don't leave the water (run) while you brush your teeth．
②What disappointed me was that she left me (finish) the work by myself．
③Leave your kids they are and they will grow in a health way．
④如果一个人在事故中伤得很重，你最好让他待在原地不要动他。
If a person is badly injured in an accident，you'd better ．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes (expose)．
2．I am top of the world，as I never expected to do so well．
3．I am convinced that a rise in the temperature of the gas results in its (expand)．
4．The government abandoned (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
5．The new technology，if (apply)to farming，will help increase the grain output．
6．Ever since the earthquake，this temple has been abandoned and ruins．
7．He (dismiss) because he didn't achieve the aim of increasing sales they had set．
8．They found the remains of buildings (bury) under the sand，together with a lot of treasure．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．人们总是要把东西放在最容易找到的地方。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
People always without effort．
2．她忍受不了疼痛，捂住脸不由自主地抽噎起来。(bury)
She couldn't stand the pain so that she and sobbed uncontrollably．
3．沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中，斯蒂文忍不住哭了起来。(abandon)
，Steven just couldn't help crying．
4．他犯了严重的错误，被开除了，这让他失去了出国的机会。(dismiss，ruin)
He made a serious mistake and ， of going abroad．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
The Maya created great civilisation．They built many impressive palaces and temples without the use of modern 1． (equip)．They also invented their own calendar 2． was accurate to within 30 seconds per year，3． (use) their understanding of mathematics and astronomy．Their writing system was so complicated 4． no one has been able to interpret it completely so far．5． ，only a couple of generations after its peak，Maya civilisation 6． (disappear) within the deep jungle，leaving 7． (vary) mysteries for later people 8． (solve)．Many scientists believe that the droughts were the main reason why it collapsed．The droughts led to food 9． (shortage)，conflicts and，10． (ultimate)，the downfall of the cities．
Period 3
核心词汇
1．①buried ②burying ③buried himself in/was buried in a book；Burying himself in a book；Buried in a book
2．①to ②for ③improving ④apply what I have learned to
3．①on ②at ③on top of the world ④on top of a roadside wall
4．①was ruined ②into ③was reduced to ruins
5．①reaching ②abandoned ③with abandon
6．①as ②from ③dismissal ④dismiss those thoughts from your mind
7．①expansion ②into ③expanded on/upon
句法句式
①running ②to finish ③as ④leave him where he is
巩固落实
Ⅰ．1．exposed 2．on 3．expansion 4．carrying 5．applied 6．in 7．was dismissed 8．buried
Ⅱ．1．leave things where you can find them 2．buried her face in her hands 3．Abandoning himself/Abandoned to the sorrow of losing his cat 4．was dismissed；ruining his chance
Ⅲ．1．equipment 2．which/that 3．using 4．that 5．However 6．disappeared 7．various 8．to solve 9．shortages 10．ultimately
1 / 6(共28张PPT)
Period 3
Unit 5 Into the unknown
主题语境
人与社会——社会进步与人类文明
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
(1)bury one's head/face in one's hands
用手捂住头/脸
(2)be buried in ＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands ______(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat．
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，_______(bury) her head in the book in her hands．
③他埋头看书，不知道外面正在下雨。
a．Because he __________________________________，he didn't know it was raining outside．
buried
burying
buried himself in/was buried in a book
b．________________________，he didn't know it was raining outside．(动词-ing形式作状语)
c．________________，he didn't know it was raining outside．(过去分词作状语)
Burying himself in a book
Buried in a book
(1)apply v． 申请；适用；应用；致力于； 涂；敷
apply to 适用于(to为介词)
apply (to sb．) for (向某人)申请
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
(2)application n． 申请，申请表；应用
applicant n． 申请人
2．apply...to 把……应用于；把……涂/敷到……上
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Apply some medicine ___ the wound and then bandage it immediately．
②I'm writing to apply ___ the job，thinking that I'm qualified for it．
③Over the next months，he applied himself to _________(improve) the technique．
④大学毕业后，我会将所学知识应用到日常生活中。
After graduation from university，I'll _________________________ everyday life．
to
for
improving
apply what I have learned to
on top of this/that 除此之外
on top of the world 极度开心
at the top/bottom of 在……顶端/底部
at the top of one's voice 高声地
from top to bottom 完完全全，彻底地
3．on top of 除……之外；在……上方
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He promised to help us and __ top of that he lent us many reference books．
②Put your own name and present address __ the bottom of the application form．
③当她听到这个好消息，极度开心。
When she heard the good news，she felt __________________．
on
at
on top of the world
④汽车卡在路边的一堵墙上，简直是在灾难的边缘摇摆着。
The car had come to rest _______________________，literally swinging on the edge of disaster．
on top of a roadside wall
(1)in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损
fall into ruin 衰落，败落
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 自我毁灭
ruin one's hope/chance 毁掉某人的希望/机会
4．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭 v．毁灭；使破产
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The whole town __________(ruin) by the heavy storm last night．
②Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ____ ruin．
③地震过后，整个城市沦为了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city __________________ after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night．
was ruined
into
was reduced to ruins
(1)abandon doing sth． 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为 介词)
(2)with abandon 无约束地，放任地
(3)abandoned adj． 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
5．abandon v．离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I will never abandon ________(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life．
②They transformed an _________(abandon) factory into a lab，in which they carry on their research．
③全体员工听到这个令人满意的实验结果时兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。
All the staff were shouting and cheering ____________，hearing the fulfilling result of the experiment．
reaching
abandoned
with abandon
(1)dismiss sth．from one's mind
从某人心中摒除某事
dismiss sb．/sth．as 把某人/事当作……不予理会
dismiss sb．from 把某人从……(职位)解雇
dismiss sb．for 因……解雇某人
(2)dismissal n． 不予考虑，摒弃；解雇，开除
6．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；消除，摒除(思想、感情等)；解雇，开除
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Sadly for him，he was dismissed __ a dreamer．
②She claimed that she was unfairly dismissed ____ her post．
③He still hopes to win the claim against unfair _________(dismiss)．
④别去管你的那些想法了——那些想法太离谱，不值得考虑。
Just _________________________________— they are crazy and not worth thinking about．
as
from
dismissal
dismiss those thoughts from your mind
(1)expand v． 扩大；增加；膨胀
expand (...) into... (把……)扩展成……
expand on/upon 详细阐明；详述
(2)expansive adj． 广大的；辽阔的
7．expansion n．扩大；增加；膨胀
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This novel is an _________(expand) of a short story he wrote about forty years ago．
②My farm has expanded ____ a big one，which is three times as big as the previous one．
③老师在讲课中详细地讲述了英语虚拟语气的用法。
In his lecture the teacher ________________ the uses of the English subjunctive mood．
expansion
into
expanded on/upon
(教材原句)Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[句式分析] 本句为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，该句式意为“使/让……继续处于某种状态、某地等”。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched．
他起床晚了，匆匆赶到办公室，早餐也没动。
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋动词-ing形式/过去分词/不定式
(3)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句
(4)leave＋宾语＋as引导的方式状语从句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Don't leave the water _______(run) while you brush your teeth．
②What disappointed me was that she left me _________(finish) the work by myself．
③Leave your kids __ they are and they will grow in a health way．
④如果一个人在事故中伤得很重，你最好让他待在原地不要动他。
If a person is badly injured in an accident，you'd better _____________
_____________．
running
to finish
as
leave him
where he is
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes _______
(expose)．
2．I am ___top of the world，as I never expected to do so well．
3．I am convinced that a rise in the temperature of the gas results in its _________(expand)．
4．The government abandoned ________(carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
exposed
on
expansion
carrying
5．The new technology，if _______(apply)to farming，will help increase the grain output．
6．Ever since the earthquake，this temple has been abandoned and __ ruins．
7．He _____________(dismiss) because he didn't achieve the aim of increasing sales they had set．
8．They found the remains of buildings ______(bury) under the sand，together with a lot of treasure．
applied
in
was dismissed
buried
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．人们总是要把东西放在最容易找到的地方。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
People always ________________________________ without effort．
2．她忍受不了疼痛，捂住脸不由自主地抽噎起来。(bury)
She couldn't stand the pain so that she ________________________ and sobbed uncontrollably．
leave things where you can find them
buried her face in her hands
3．沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中，斯蒂文忍不住哭了起来。(abandon)
___________________________________________________，Steven just couldn't help crying．
4．他犯了严重的错误，被开除了，这让他失去了出国的机会。(dismiss，ruin)
He made a serious mistake and _____________，__________________ of going abroad．
Abandoning himself/Abandoned to the sorrow of losing his cat
was dismissed
ruining his chance
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
The Maya created great civilisation．They built many impressive palaces and temples without the use of modern 1．_________ (equip)．They also invented their own calendar 2．__________ was accurate to within 30 seconds per year，3．_____ (use) their understanding of mathematics and astronomy．Their writing system was so complicated 4．____ no one has been able to interpret it completely so far．5．_______，only a couple of generations after its peak，Maya
equipment
which/that
using
that
However
civilisation 6．___________ (disappear) within the deep jungle，leaving 7．_______ (vary) mysteries for later people 8．________ (solve)．
Many scientists believe that the droughts were the main reason why it collapsed．The droughts led to food 9．_________ (shortage)，conflicts and，10．__________ (ultimate)，the downfall of the cities．
disappeared
various
to solve
shortages
ultimately
课时分层作业(十三)
点击页面进入…
（WORD版）
巩固课堂所学 · 激发学习思维
夯实基础知识 · 熟悉命题方式
自我检测提能 · 及时矫正不足
本节课掌握了哪些考点？
本节课还有什么疑问点？
课后训练
学习反思
课时小结
THANKS课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．As is known to all，Chinese (文明) is one of the oldest in the world．
2．Child as he is，he is a genius and knows a lot about (天文学)．
3．Large trees，along with undergrowth，had rooted on the banks of the (运河)．
4．It was burned，in (废墟)，deserted，as were all the plantations she had passed that day．
5．The book is an (扩大) of a series of lectures that the astronomer gave last year．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．With so many people (bury) under the ruins，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest．
2．The marks on the products don't correspond the goods I purchased on the Internet．
3．He was threatened with (dismiss) if he continued to turn up late for work．
4．We can have chances to apply the knowledge the solution to the practical problems．
5．However，last month，these plans (abandon) because of financial problems．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Unsolved Mysteries About the Earth
Mystery 1：Where did all the water come from
Water covers 70 percent of the earth's surface．But where did it come from The most popular scientific theory states that the H2O arrived in the form of several violent asteroids(小行星)filled with ice．Another suggests that water actually has been around since the earth's formation．
Mystery 2：What about all the oxygen
Another thing is the planet's oxygen．Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product．After that，the level of oxygen went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago．Since then，it's remained at about the breathable level．But what caused it to be suddenly steady
Mystery 3：What caused the Cambrian(寒武纪)Explosion
The Cambrian Explosion refers to the explosion of complex life that occurred about 540 million years ago．Before then，life had consisted mostly of bacteria．But at the beginning of the Cambrian period，complex creatures began developing at a rate never before seen．Suddenly，life forms had brains，eyes and bones．
Mystery 4：Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes
We still haven't been able to come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes，which is practically significant．We can certainly try，but our current technology cannot predict them exactly．We know that earthquakes start when rocks crack underground and send earthquake waves towards the surface，but we haven't figured out how to predict them．
1．What was created later by tiny creatures on the earth
A．Water． B．Ice．
C．Bacteria． D．Oxygen．
2．Which of the following talks about the earth's advanced species
A．Mystery 1． B．Mystery 2．
C．Mystery 3． D．Mystery 4．
3．What do we know about Mystery 4
A．It is the oldest mystery of the four．
B．It is a matter that has practical significance．
C．It is the most difficult to solve of the four．
D．It has already been solved．
B
There was no way to escape when they spotted a polar bear．Verena Mohaupt and a handful of colleagues were trapped on a floating sea ice while the bear gazed at them，smelling the air，a dangerous sign．
“That's when everything kicks in，” Mohaupt says，“and you focus on what's important．” As a colleague fired into the sky as a warning shot，Mohaupt radioed their research ship a few kilometres away，whose helicopter luckily arrived quickly and Mohaupt didn't have to use the gun that was hanging over her shoulder．
Keeping a lookout for bears was a regular duty for Mohaupt，the logistics coordinator(后勤协调员) for a year-long mission known as the MOSAiC—the largest Arctic research exploration in history．The project，consisting of roughly 300 scientists，led by scientist MarkusRex，has collected massive measurements that will help better forecast how warming will transform the globe in the coming decades．For months，the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby，storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked．Then，when the Sun returned，the ice began to melt，creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking．
Tasked with the security of the mission，Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learned how to avoid the danger，like storm-rocking and ice-cracking．They jumped into a Norwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed out of the freezing waters using only their ice picks．They learned how to escape from a crashed helicopter．And they discussed the psychological effects of being far from home．Mohaupt brought knitting equipment，yoga mats and a violin for their mental health—although having been prepared for the isolation．
Mohaupt didn't expect a career in polar regions，but says she has always been drawn to the north．“She was there to make sure that we were protected，” says Markus Rex，“Mohaupt is certainly the champion in the field．”
4．Why does the author mention a polar bear in the beginning
A．To show the threat of bears．
B．To tell an interesting story．
C．To introduce Mohaupt's job．
D．To describe the polar scenery．
5．What can we know from paragraph 3
A．The working conditions were tough．
B．Mohaupt helped to collect massive data．
C．The exploration went on in total darkness．
D．Mohaupt's duty was to protect polar bears．
6．Which of the following best describes Mohaupt
A．Ambitious and brave．
B．Passionate and dependent．
C．Considerate and modest．
D．Professional and responsible．
7．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A Potential Danger in the Exploration
B．A Guardian Angel of Polar Researchers
C．A Great Scientific Exploration in History
D．A Great Female Scientist in Polar Research
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
Scientists test their hypothesis(假设) either through experiment or field work and the process is filled with changes．
Carry out experiments
1 ．You make a simpler-scale or smaller-scale version of the part of the real world you want to study．In an experiment，a scientist tries to look at how just one thing affects the subject they are working on．The difficult part is creating an environment in which only that one thing changes．That is why scientists use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment． 2 ．
Conduct field work
In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time． 3 ．So field work is almost always new and original．The difficult part with field work is that while you are recording your observations，you must make sure that you yourself are not interfering(干涉) with your subject simply by being there．For instance，you cannot count birds in a tree if you scare any away．
4
Scientists are like detectives — they try to solve mysteries．Experiments are part of scientist's detective kit．When you want to prove a theory true or false，create an experiment that will test one thing you can observe．You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen． 5 ．If your change causes something else to happen，this “something else” is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change．
A．Create variables
B．Watch the process
C．You are studying a unique situation every time
D．It is much easier to control things in such environments
E．And the thing you purposely change is called the changing variable
F．You focus your attention on just a few things，instead of on everything
G．Experimental observations are made in a controlled environment that you create
课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．1．civilisation 2．astronomy 3．canal 4．ruins 5．expansion
Ⅱ．1．buried 2．to 3．dismissal 4．to 5．were abandoned
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D C B C A D B
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
G D C A E
Ⅲ．[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些关于地球的未解之谜。
1．D [细节理解题。根据Mystery 2：What about all the oxygen？部分中的“Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product．”可知，微生物把氧气当作废物释放出来。因此，氧气是地球上的微生物创造出来的。故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据Mystery 3：What caused the Cambrian(寒武纪)Explosion？部分中的“Suddenly，life forms had brains，eyes，and bones．”可知，Mystery 3部分内容介绍关于地球高级物种的信息。故选C。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据Mystery 4：Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes？部分中的“We still haven't been able to come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes，which is practically significant．”可推断，能否准确预测地震极具现实意义。故选B。]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的后勤协调员Verena Mohaupt的事迹。
4．C [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句并结合前两段对遇到北极熊时，Mohaupt应对方式的描述可知，作者在开头提到北极熊，是为了介绍Mohaupt的工作内容。故选C。]
5．A [细节理解题。根据第三段“For months，the exploration operated in constant darkness while polar bears wandered nearby，storms rocked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked．Then，when the Sun returned，the ice began to melt，creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare for researchers who needed to keep their instruments from sinking．”可知，探险工作的条件非常恶劣。故选A。]
6．D [推理判断题。根据第四段“．．．Mohaupt designed an extensive training course for the participants in which they learned how to avoid the danger，like storm-rocking and ice-cracking．”和“Mohaupt brought knitting equipment，yoga mats and a violin for their mental health—although having been prepared for the isolation．”可知，Mohaupt有着过硬的专业知识和技能，对工作认真负责。故选D。]
7．B [标题归纳题。根据最后一段和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Mohaupt这名负责历史上最大的北极研究探险队安全任务的优秀的后勤协调员，她是保护北极探险队成员的天使。故选B。]
Ⅳ．[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们验证他们的假设的一些方法。
1．G [由下文可知，科学家们会根据自己研究的课题，通过在实验室里创建一个自己能够控制的，比要研究的现实世界更简单或更小的环境来开展实验；G选项“实验观察是在你创造的受控环境中进行的”符合语境。故选G。]
2．D [上文说明做实验中最困难部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境，因此科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境；D选项“在这样的环境中，控制事情要容易得多”承接上文，符合语境；代词“It”指代上文中的“use test tubes，and other small，enclosed settings for their experiment”。故选D。]
3．C [由上文“In field work，a scientist goes into an uncontrolled environment，a specific place in the world，and records exactly what is observed there at the time．”可知，在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，记录在一个特定的地方当时观察到的东西，因此，每次研究的情况都是不同的，独特的；C选项“你每次都在研究一个独特的情况”符合语境，且与下文“So field work is almost always new and original．”构成因果关系。故选C。]
4．A [设空处为小标题；根据下文可知，本段主要阐述科学家通过创建变量来证明一个理论是对还是错，测试自己观察到的事情；A选项“创建变量”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。故选A。]
5．E [上文“You have an idea that if you set up a controlled situation and purposely change only one thing，this change will cause something else to happen．”说明科学家想证明一个理论是对还是错时，会在一个设置好的环境中故意只改变一件事，而这个改变会导致其他事情的发生；E选项“你故意改变的东西叫作变化变量”承接上文，告诉读者科学家故意改变的东西就是“变化变量”；下文“If your change causes something else to happen，this ‘something else’ is called the responding variable，because it is responding to the change．”介绍了由于改变而导致发生的其他事情则是“响应变量”。由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。]
1 / 5
