2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级上册
Unit 4 Being a good learner
【词汇】知识点清单
1. flu /flu /
【释义】n. 流行性感冒;流感
【拓展】flu 的全称是 influenza
【短语】have the flu 患流感;catch the flu 感染流感
【例句】I can’t go to school today because I have the flu.
我今天不能去上学,因为我得了流感。
If you don’t wear warm clothes in winter, you might catch the flu.
如果你冬天不穿暖和的衣服,可能会感染流感。
2. ground /ɡra nd/
【释义】n. 地面
【拓展】underground adj. 地下的; n. 地铁
【短语】on the ground 在地面上;fall to the ground 摔倒在地
【例句】Children like to play on the ground in the park.
孩子们喜欢在公园的地面上玩耍。
He ran too fast and fell to the ground.
他跑得太快,摔倒在地。
3. challenge / t l nd /
【释义】n. 挑战;质疑 ;v. 向(某人)挑战
【拓展】challenging adj. 有挑战性的
【短语】challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战某事;face a challenge 面对挑战
【例句】He challenged his classmate to a basketball game.
他向同学挑战一场篮球比赛。
The team faced a big challenge in the final match.
这支队伍在决赛中面临巨大挑战。
4. concept / k nsept/
【释义】n. 概念;观念
【短语】understand the concept 理解概念;basic concept 基本概念
【例句】It takes time to understand the complex concept.
理解这个复杂的概念需要时间。
We need to learn the basic concepts of math first.
我们需要先学习数学的基本概念。
5. focus / f k s/
【释义】v. 集中(注意力)
【拓展】focus n. 焦点;中心;focused adj. 注意力集中的
【短语】focus on 专注于;lose focus 分心;注意力不集中
【例句】Students should focus on study during class time.
学生们在上课时间应该专注学习。
Don’t lose focus when doing important tasks.
做重要任务时别分心。
6. key /ki /
【释义】adj. 关键的;主要的 ;n. 钥匙;关键;键
【拓展】作形容词时,近义词 important
【短语】key point 关键点;key to sth. 某事的关键;某物的钥匙
【例句】Remember the key points in the history lesson.
记住历史课上的关键点。
Hard work is the key to success.
努力是成功的关键。
He lost the key to the door and couldn’t get in.
他丢了门钥匙,进不去了。
7. gravity / ɡr v ti/
【释义】n. 重力;严重性
【短语】law of gravity 万有引力定律;
overcome gravity 克服重力;
zero gravity 失重状态
【例句】Newton discovered the law of gravity.
牛顿发现了万有引力定律。
Planes use wings to overcome gravity and fly.
飞机用机翼克服重力飞行。
Astronauts float in space due to zero gravity.
宇航员在太空中因失重而漂浮。
8. towards /t w dz/
【释义】prep. 朝;向;趋向
【拓展】和“to”意思相近,towards表方向,to表目的/到达
【短语】walk towards 朝……走;
attitude towards 对……的态度
【例句】She walked towards the school gate with her classmates.
她和同学们一起朝学校大门走。
We should have a positive attitude towards study.
我们应该对学习有积极的态度。
9. force /f s/
【释义】n. 力;权利;v. 强迫
【短语】force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事;
force of wind 风力;
by force 靠武力;强行
【例句】Parents shouldn’t force children to study all day.
父母不该强迫孩子整天学习。
The force of wind can move the windmill.
风力能让风车转动。
They entered the room by force, which was wrong.
他们强行进入房间,这是不对的。
10. pull /p l/
【释义】v. 拉;拽;拖
【拓展】反义词 push(推 )
【短语】pull the door 拉门;
pull up 停下;拉起;
pull together 齐心协力;
pull down 拆毁;使虚弱
【例句】Please pull the door gently; don’t push it.
请轻轻拉门,别推。
The car pulled up in front of the school.
汽车在学校前停下。
She pulled up the weeds in the garden.
她把花园里的杂草拔了。
We need to pull together to finish the group project.
我们需要齐心协力完成小组项目。
The old building was pulled down to make space for a new park.
那座旧建筑被拆除,以便为新建公园腾出空间。
The flu really pulled him down.
流感让他虚弱不堪。
11. centre / sent (r)/
【释义】n. 中心;正中
【拓展】美:center;central adj. 中心的;主要的
【短语】in the centre of 在……中心;shopping centre 购物中心
【例句】The park is in the centre of the city.
公园在城市中心。
There’s a big shopping centre in our town.
我们镇上有个大购物中心。
12. compare /k m pe (r)/
【释义】v. 比较;比作为
【拓展】comparison n. 比较
【短语】compare A to B 将A比作B;
compare A with B 将A与B对比;
compared to/with 与……相比;
beyond compare 无与伦比
【例句】Some people compare life to a journey full of surprises.
有些人把生活比作充满惊喜的旅程。
Let’s compare this phone with the new model.
咱们把这台手机和新款对比一下。
Compared with/to the past, people now have better living conditions.
与过去相比,现在人们的生活条件更好了。
Her singing talent is beyond compare.
她的歌唱才华无与伦比。
13. related /r le t d/
【释义】adj. 相关的;有联系的
【拓展】relation n. 关系;关联
【短语】be related to 和……相关;related problems 相关问题
【例句】These stories are closely related to ancient history.
这些故事和古代历史密切相关。
Solving this math problem can help with related problems.
解决这道数学题对解决相关问题有帮助。
14. similarity / s m l r ti/
【释义】n. 相似点
【拓展】similar adj. 相似的
【短语】similarity between A and B A 和 B 之间的相似点;
have similarities with 与……有相似之处
【例句】The similarity between dogs and wolves is their sharp teeth.
狗和狼的相似之处是它们锋利的牙齿。
This story has similarities with the one I read last week.
这个故事和我上周读的那个有相似之处。
15. reasonable / ri zn bl/
【释义】adj. 合理的
【拓展】词根 reason
【短语】reasonable request 合理请求;reasonable decision 合理决定
【例句】It’s a reasonable request to ask for more study time.
要求更多学习时间是合理请求。
The teacher made a reasonable decision about the group project.
老师对小组项目做了合理决定。
16. mine /ma n/
【释义】pron. 我的
【拓展】名词性物主代词 (mine = my + 名词);mine n. 矿井;矿
【例句】This book is mine. = This is my book.
这本书是我的。
This is a friend of mine from Canada.
这是我的一个加拿大朋友。
17. sunflower / s nfla (r)/
【释义】n. 向日葵
【拓展】由“sun(太阳 )+ flower(花 )”构成
【例句】Many farmers grow sunflowers in their fields.
很多农民在田地里种向日葵。
In summer, a field of sunflowers looks very beautiful.
夏天,一片向日葵田看起来很美。
18. deep /di p/
【释义】adj. 深的
【拓展】deeply adv. 深深地;反义词 shallow(浅的 )
【短语】deep breath 深呼吸;deep feeling 深厚的感情
【例句】Take a deep breath before you speak in public.
在公众面前讲话前,深呼吸一下。
They have a deep feeling for each other.
他们彼此有着深厚的感情。
19. remind /r ma nd/
【释义】v. 使想起;提醒
【拓展】reminder n. 提醒物;提示
【短语】remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事;
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事;
remind sb. that... 提醒某人某个事实;
remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人关于某事
【例句】This song reminds me of my childhood.
这首歌让我想起了我的童年。
Please remind me to call my mom tomorrow.
请提醒我明天给我妈妈打电话。
She reminded me that the meeting was at 3 PM.
她提醒我会议是在下午3点。
Can you remind me about the homework
你能提醒我关于作业的事吗?
20. add / d/
【释义】v. 补充说;加;增加
【拓展】addition n. 加法;增加
【短语】add… to… 把……加到……上;
add up 加起来;总计
【例句】You can add some sugar to the coffee if you like.
如果你喜欢,你可以往咖啡里加些糖。
Let’s add up the numbers to see the total.
让我们把这些数字加起来看看总数。
21. jasmine / d zm n/
【释义】n. 茉莉
【短语】jasmine flowers 茉莉花;jasmine tea 茉莉花茶
【例句】The jasmine flowers in the garden smell very nice.
花园里的茉莉花闻起来很香。
I like drinking jasmine tea in summer.
我喜欢在夏天喝茉莉花茶。
22. amaze / me z/
【释义】v. 使惊奇;使惊诧
【拓展】amazed adj. 感到惊奇的(修饰人);amazing adj. 令人惊奇的(修饰事物)
【短语】amaze sb. with sth. 用某事物使某人惊叹;
it amazes me that... ……让我很惊讶
【例句】The artist amazed everyone with his painting skills.
这位艺术家用他的绘画技巧让所有人惊叹。
It amazes me that he can speak five languages.
他能说五种语言,这让我很惊讶。
23. fully / f li/
【释义】adv. 充分地;完全地
【拓展】近义词 completely(完全地 )
【例句】After listening carefully, he fully understood the problem.
仔细听后,他充分理解了这个问题。
We should fully prepare for the coming exam.
我们应该为即将到来的考试充分准备。
They fully enjoyed the party last night.
他们昨晚尽情享受了派对。
b /k m/
【释义】v. 梳,梳理;搜寻 ;n. 梳子
【短语】comb through 仔细梳理;彻底搜查;comb one’s hair 梳头发
【例句】The police combed through the evidence.
警方彻底搜查了证据。
He combed his hair quickly before answering the door.
他匆匆梳了梳头发去开门。
25. surprised /s pra zd/
【释义】adj. 惊奇的;惊讶的;感觉意外的
【拓展】常用来修饰人;surprising adj. 令人吃惊的;使人惊奇的(修饰物)
【短语】be surprised at 对……感到惊讶;
be surprised to do sth. 因做某事而感到惊讶;
be surprised that... 因……而惊讶;
look surprised 看起来惊讶;
feel surprised 感到惊讶
【例句】We were surprised at the good news.
我们对这个好消息感到惊讶。
I was surprised to see him at the party.
在派对上看到他让我很惊讶。
He was surprised that she remembered his name.
他很惊讶她还记得他的名字。
She looked surprised when I told her the truth.
当我告诉她真相时,她看起来很惊讶。
I felt surprised by his sudden decision.
我对他的突然决定感到惊讶。
26. explain / k sple n/
【释义】v. 解释;说明
【拓展】explanation n. 解释;说明
【短语】explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事;
explain how/why/what... 解释如何/为什么/什么……
【例句】The teacher will explain the problem to us carefully.
老师会仔细地向我们解释这个问题。
Can you explain why the sky is blue
你能解释为什么天空是蓝色的吗?
27. graduate / ɡr d u t/
【释义】v. 毕业;逐渐发展 ;n. 毕业生
【拓展】graduation n. 毕业;毕业典礼
【短语】graduate from 从……毕业;a college graduate 一名大学毕业生
【例句】He will graduate from high school next year.
他明年将从高中毕业。
My sister is a college graduate and she has found a good job.
我姐姐是一名大学毕业生,她找到了一份好工作。
28. translator /tr ns le t (r)/
【释义】n. 译者
【拓展】词根 translate(翻译 )
【例句】My uncle is a professional translator and he can speak several languages.
我叔叔是一名专业译者,他会说几种语言。
She wants to work as a translator in the future.
她将来想从事译者工作。
29. confidence / k nf d ns/
【释义】n. 信心;自信
【拓展】confident adj. 自信的
【短语】have confidence in 对……有信心;
build confidence 建立信心
【例句】You should have confidence in yourself when you take the exam.
你考试时应该对自己有信心 。
Doing small things successfully can help build confidence.
成功做一些小事有助于建立信心。
30. beginning /b ɡ n /
【释义】n. 开端;开头
【拓展】词根 begin
【短语】at the beginning of 在……的开端;在……的开头;
in the beginning 起初,最初
【例句】We made a plan at the beginning of the year.
我们在年初制定了一个计划。
In the beginning, I found math difficult, but now I love it.
起初我觉得数学很难,但现在我喜欢它了。
31. follow / f l /
【释义】v. 跟随;跟着
【拓展】follower n. 追随者;粉丝
【短语】follow sb./sth. 跟随某人/某物;follow the rules 遵守规则
【例句】The dog followed its owner everywhere.
这只狗到处跟着它的主人。
All students must follow the rules of the school.
所有学生都必须遵守校规。
32. passage / p s d /
【释义】n. 章节;段落
【短语】read a passage 阅读一段文字;the first passage 第一篇章节 / 段落
【例句】Please read the passage aloud and answer the questions.
请大声朗读这段文字并回答问题。
The first passage of the book introduces the main character.
这本书的第一篇章节介绍了主要人物。
33. aloud / la d/
【释义】adv. 大声地;出声地
【拓展】近义词 loudly(大声地,常指声音喧闹 )
【短语】read aloud 大声朗读;call aloud 大声呼喊
【例句】The teacher asked us to read aloud the text.
老师让我们大声朗读课文。
He called aloud for help when he was in danger.
他遇到危险时大声呼喊求救。
34. actually / kt u li/
【释义】adv. 实际上;事实上
【拓展】近义词 in fact(事实上)
【例句】Don’t be afraid of this problem. It’s actually easy.
别害怕这个问题。实际上它很简单。
He looks young, but actually, he’s 40 years old.
他看起来年轻,实际上,他已经 40 岁了。
35. newspaper / nju zpe p (r)/
【释义】n. 报纸
【短语】read a newspaper 看报纸;in the newspaper 在报纸上
【例句】My grandma reads a newspaper every morning to learn news.
我奶奶每天早上看报纸了解新闻。
There was an interesting story in the newspaper yesterday.
昨天报纸上有个有趣的故事。
36. magazine / m ɡ zi n/
【释义】n. 杂志;期刊
【短语】read a magazine 阅读杂志;subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志
【例句】I like to read a magazine before going to bed.
我喜欢在睡前阅读杂志。
My family subscribes to a science magazine every month.
我家每月订阅一本科学杂志。
37. ad / d/
【释义】n. (=advertisement) 广告
【例句】We put an ad on the website.
我们在这个网站上登了一则广告。
We saw a funny TV ad for a new drink.
我们看到一则新饮料的有趣电视广告。
Online ads sometimes pop up when we browse websites.
我们浏览网站时,网络广告有时会弹出。
38. daily / de li/
【释义】adj. 每日的;日常的
【拓展】词根 day
【短语】daily life 日常生活;daily routine 日常惯例/例行公事
【例句】Doing exercise is an important part of my daily life.
做运动是我日常生活的重要部分。
Her daily routine includes reading and running.
她的日常惯例包括阅读和跑步。
39. movie / mu vi/
【释义】n. 电影
【拓展】同义词 film
【短语】watch a movie 看电影;
movie theater 电影院;
go to the movies 去电影院看电影;
make a movie 拍电影;
movie ticket 电影票
【例句】Let’s watch a movie this weekend.
咱们这周末去看电影吧。
The new movie theater has the biggest screen in town.
电影院有镇上最大的银幕。
We went to the movies to celebrate her birthday.
我们去电影院庆祝她的生日。
They spent two years making this movie.
他们花了两年时间拍摄这部电影。
I bought two movie tickets online.
我在网上买了两张电影票。
40. least /li st/
【释义】pron. & adj. 最小的;最少的 ;adv. 最小;最少
【拓展】是“little”的最高级
【短语】at least 至少;least of all 最不;尤其
【例句】It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there.
到那里至少要花20分钟。
He likes all fruits, least of all bananas.
他喜欢所有水果,最不喜欢香蕉。
41. explore / k spl (r)/
【释义】v. 探索;探测
【拓展】exploration n. 探索;探测
【短语】explore new ideas 探索新想法;explore the world 探索世界
【例句】In science class, we explore new ideas through experiments.
在科学课上,我们通过实验探索新想法。
Many young people dream of exploring the world.
许多年轻人梦想探索世界。
42. task /tɑ sk/
【释义】n. 任务;工作
【拓展】近义词 job,duty
【短语】complete a task 完成任务;difficult task 艰巨任务
【例句】The teacher asked us to complete a task before class.
老师要求我们课前完成一项任务。
Climbing the mountain was a difficult task for her.
爬山对她来说是项艰巨任务。
43. forum / f r m/
【释义】n. 论坛,讨论会
【短语】online forum 网络论坛;forum discussion 论坛讨论
【例句】Students can share study tips on the online forum.
学生可以在网络论坛分享学习技巧。
There will be a forum discussion about environmental protection.
将有一场关于环境保护的论坛讨论。
44. thought /θ t/
【释义】n. 想法;思想;思考
【拓展】是“think”的过去式和过去分词,也作名词
【短语】have a thought 有个想法;lost / deep in thought 陷入思索 / 在沉思中
【例句】I had a thought about solving the math problem in a new way.
我想到一个用新方法解这道数学题的主意。
Derek was staring out of the window, lost in thought.
德里克凝视着窗外,陷入沉思。
45. contest / k ntest/
【释义】n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争
【拓展】近义词 competition
【短语】speech contest 演讲比赛;enter a contest 参加比赛
【例句】She won first prize in the English speech contest.
她在英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。
Many students want to enter the singing contest.
很多学生想参加歌唱比赛。
46. argue / ɑ ɡju /
【释义】v. 辩论;争论;论证
【拓展】argument n. 含义:论点;争论
【短语】argue with sb. 和某人争论;argue about sth. 争论某事
【例句】Don’t argue with your parents; listen to them first.
别和父母争论,先听他们说。
They often argue about football teams.
他们经常争论足球队的事。
47. alone / l n/
【释义】adv. 独自地;单独地
【拓展】近义词 by oneself
【短语】leave sb. alone 不打扰某人;let alone 更不用说
【例句】Please leave me alone; I need to study.
请别打扰我,我需要学习。
He can’t even swim, let alone dive.
他连游泳都不会,更别说潜水了。
pletely /k m pli tli/
【释义】adv. 完全地
【拓展】complete adj. 完全的;v. 结束,完成;近义词 fully
【例句】I completely agree with your plan for the trip.
我完全同意你这次旅行的计划。
The new policy completely changed our daily work.
新政策完全改变了我们的日常工作。
49. attention / ten n/
【释义】n. 注意力;注意
【短语】pay attention to 注意;关注(to为介词);
draw one’s attention 吸引某人注意力
【例句】Please pay attention to what the teacher is saying.
请关注老师讲的内容。
The bright colors of the painting draw people’s attention.
这幅画鲜艳的颜色吸引了人们的注意力。
50. understanding / nd st nd /
【释义】n. 理解;谅解
【拓展】understand v. 理解
【短语】show understanding 表示理解;reach an understanding 达成谅解
【例句】Her parents showed understanding when she failed the exam.
她考试不及格时,父母表示理解。
The two sides reached an understanding after long talks.
双方经过长时间谈话达成了谅解。
51. respectfully /r spektf li/
【释义】adv. 尊敬地
【拓展】词根 respect
【例句】He spoke respectfully to the elderly woman.
他尊敬地和这位年长的女士说话。
We should listen respectfully to our teachers’ advice.
我们应该尊敬地倾听老师的建议。
52. disagree / d s ɡri /
【释义】v. 不同意;不一致
【拓展】反义词 agree
【短语】disagree with sb. 不同意某人;disagree on/about sth. 在某事上意见不合
【例句】I disagree with your opinion; let’s talk more.
我不同意你的观点,咱们再聊聊。
They disagreed on the best way to solve the problem.
他们在解决问题的最佳方式上意见不一。
53. allow / la /
【释义】v. 允许;认可
【短语】allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
【例句】My parents allow me to play games for one hour a day.
父母允许我每天玩一小时游戏。
Students are allowed to use dictionaries in the exam.
考试时学生可以用字典。
54. control /k n tr l/
【释义】n. & v. 管理;控制
【拓展】controllable adj. 可控制的
【短语】take control of 控制;掌管;lose control of 失去对……的控制
【例句】The new manager will take control of the company.
新经理将掌管这家公司。
The driver lost control of the car on the wet road.
司机在湿滑路面上失去了对汽车的控制。
55. environment / n va r nm nt/
【释义】n. 环境
【拓展】environmental adj. 环境的
【短语】protect the environment 保护环境;natural environment 自然环境
【例句】Planting trees is a good way to protect the environment.
种树是保护环境的好方法。
The pandas live in a safe natural environment.
熊猫生活在安全的自然环境中。
56. prefer /pr f (r)/
【释义】v. 更喜欢;宁愿
【拓展】过去式/过去分词 preferred
【短语】prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A;
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……;
prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事(强调习惯性偏好);
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事(强调特定场合下的偏好,或 “宁愿做某事”)
【例句】I prefer tea to coffee.
比起咖啡,我更喜欢茶。
I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.
我宁愿走路也不愿坐公交。
He prefers playing basketball after class.
他更喜欢课后打篮球。
I prefer to stay at home today.
今天我宁愿待在家里。
57. besides /b sa dz/
【释义】adv. 此外 ;prep. 除……之外
【拓展】besides 除……之外(包含在内);except 除……之外(不包含)
【例句】Besides me, he also went to the park.
除了我,他也去了公园 。(我和他都去了)
Except me, everyone went to the park.
除了我,大家都去了公园。(我没去)
I don’t really want to go. Besides, it’s too late now.
我并不是真的想去,而且现在太晚了。
58. direct /d 'rekt/
【释义】v. 指挥;指示 ;adj. 直接的;径直的
【短语】direct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事;direct flight 直飞航班
【拓展】direction n. 方向;指示
【例句】The coach directed the team to practice passing.
教练指示球队练习传球。
A direct flight from Beijing to London is very convenient.
从北京到伦敦的直飞航班很方便。
59. motivate / m t ve t/
【释义】v. 激励
【拓展】motivation n. 动力;积极性;近义词 inspire(激励;鼓舞)
【短语】motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
【例句】Good grades can motivate students to study harder.
好成绩能激励学生更努力学习。
The story motivated her to face difficulties bravely.
这个故事激励她勇敢面对困难。
60. debate /d be t/
【释义】n. & v. 辩论
【拓展】debater n. 辩论者
【短语】have a debate 进行一场辩论;debate about/on sth. 就某事辩论
【例句】The class had a debate about whether students should use phones.
全班就学生是否该用手机进行了一场辩论。
They debated on the new policy for hours.
他们就新政策辩论了好几个小时。
61. reason / ri zn/
【释义】n. 原因;解释;道理
【拓展】reasonable adj. 合理的
【短语】for some reason 由于某种原因;the reason for… ……的原因
【例句】For some reason, the party was canceled.
由于某种原因,派对取消了。
The reason for the accident is still under investigation.
事故的原因仍在调查中。
62. suit /su t/
【释义】v. 适合
【拓展】suitable adj. 合适的
【短语】suit sb. 适合某人;suit the situation 适合这种情况
【例句】This blue dress suits you perfectly.
这条蓝色连衣裙非常适合你。
A simple solution suits this urgent situation.
一个简单的解决方案适合这种紧急情况。