句子成分和基本句型 课件（共54张，内嵌视频）

(共54张PPT)
句子成分和基本句型
01初中知识再现
经
典
语
录
初中学过哪几种节本句型
主系表
一
主谓
二
主谓宾
三
主谓间宾直宾
四
主谓宾
宾补
五
听歌学语法
I see your monsters
I see your pain
I’ll chase them away
Tell me your problems
I’ll be your lighthouse
I’ll make it okay
When I see your monsters,
I’ll stand there so brave
And chase them all away
分析以下歌词和句子结构
主谓宾
主谓宾
主谓
主谓间宾直宾
主系表
主谓宾宾补
主谓
主谓
分析以下电影台词的句子结构
We become the most familiar strangers.
我们变成了世上最熟悉的陌生人。
Miracles happen every day.
奇迹每天都在发生。
You can’t change the past.
过去的事是不可以改变的。
It made me look like a duck in water.
它让我如鱼得水。
I am going to give him an offer he can’t refuse.
我要给他一个他不能拒绝的提议。
主谓宾
主谓
主谓间宾直宾
主系表
主谓宾宾补
分析句子结构
1. The tale of Rose becomes a hit in this summer.
2. I breathed deeply.
3. He made Mary angry.
4. Her sister is kind and thoughtful.
5. He said that he liked reading.
6. She painted the house yellow.
7. She gave me a pen.
8. The dish tastes delicious.
9. He practices running every morning.
10. I bought my mother a nice dress.
11. I work out every night before bed.
主谓宾
主谓
主谓间宾直宾
主系表
主谓宾宾补
主系表
主谓宾宾补
主系表
主谓宾
主谓间宾直宾
主谓
02 初识高中知识
十大词类(Part of Speech)
记住十大词类Wow! The pretty girl gave one letter to him and run away quickly!
口诀助记十大词:________________________________________
感叹词
冠词
形容词
名词
动词
数词
名词
介词
代词
连词
动词
副词
副词
名代动，形副数，介连冠感
十大词类之实词
词类 英语名称 作用 例词
名词 Noun(n.) 表示人或事物的名称,作主/宾/表/补/定/状/同 party
China
代词 Pronoun(pron.) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词等,作主/宾/表/定/同 he
that
数词 Numeral(num.) 表示数量或顺序 one
first
形容词 Adjective(adj.) 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质，作 定/表/补/状 safe
great
副词 Adverb(adv.) 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性。作状/表/补/定 hard
here
动词 Verb (v.) 表示人或事物的动作或状，作谓语或非谓语 eat
have
实词可单独做句子成分
十大词类之实词
词类 英语名称 作用 例词
连词 Conjunction (conj.) 连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句 and, if, but, because
冠词 Article (art.) 用在名词前，帮助说明名词含义 a, an, the, /
介词 Preposition (prep.) 表示名词、代词等与其它词的关系，后接名词或动名词， 例 in, at,on
感叹词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感或语气 oh,er, um，ouch
虚词不可单独做句子成分
1.(2024新高考I)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for _______first time.
3.(2023新高考II)So, what are they learning _________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life
4.(2022新高考II) They both fell________ (sleep)while watching TV.
5.（2020年全国II卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ____________ (point) down the river.
6. (2019全国III) They also shared with us many ___________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _______ (huge) popular with tourists.
7. ____________(Immediate), I raised my hand.
小试牛刀:在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
the
Basically
asleep
pointed
traditional
Immediately
hugely
8. A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if _______________ (understand) is achieved.
9. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
10. This switch has decreased____________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
11. Our English teachers are strict with _____(we) students.
12. – Who is there – It’s________(I).
13. (2023新高考II)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
understanding
competition
pollution
us
me
and
14. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always _________ (energy).
15. I felt _________(happiness) that their life had improved.
16. They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I _____(be) unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
17. (2024甲卷)What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place
energetic
happy
was
be done
总结
句子成分
实词
形容词修饰名词(怎么样)
动词表示动作(做什么)
副词修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子(方式...)
其他成分
数词表示数量
名词表示事物的名称(是什么)
代词替代事物(事物的替身)
冠词用在名词前(a,the,an)
介词表示方位地点
连词用来连接
感叹词表示感叹(情感)
英语十大词性
03 八大句子成分
英语句子的基本成分有哪些？
句子成分
基本成分
主语Subject
谓语Predicate
宾语Object/表语Predicative
其他成分
定语Attribute
状语Adverbial
补语Complement
同位语Appositive
主语Subject
找出句子主语，并判断由什么充当主语
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
Seeing is believing.
To protect ocean is to protect ourselves..
What she needs is a computer.
It is important to learn English.
名词
代词
数词
动名词
不定式
主语从句
不定式(It为形式主语)
主语是一个句子所叙说的主体，动作的发出者。主语的位置一般在句首，一般不省略(祈使句省略主语)。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、或从句(主语从句)等充当。
找出句子主语，并判断由什么充当主语
谓语Predicate
找出句子谓语，并判断其形式
Our school soccer team won at last
Real friends can share joys and sorrows.
We have realized the importance of English.
The tomatoes are tasty.
谓语说明主语，“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。由动词或动词短语充当。谓语有时态语态人称的变化。谓语动词有以下几种形式：
_____________,___________________,__________________,___________。
实义动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
系动词
实义动词
系动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
谓语Predicate
找出句子谓语，并判断其形式
Our school soccer team won at last
Real friends can share joys and sorrows.
We have realized the importance of English.
The tomatoes are tasty.
谓语说明主语，“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。由动词或动词短语充当。谓语有时态语态人称的变化。谓语动词有以下几种形式：
_____________,___________________,__________________,___________。
实义动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
系动词
实义动词
系动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
宾语
找出句子宾语，并判断由什么充当宾语
I miss my grandma.
Two plus three is five.
She didn’t say anything.
Ladies love to wear beautiful clothes.
Men like going fishing.
I believe that they can get to school on time.
He found it impossible to finish homework on time.
宾语表示动词的对象或承受者，位于及物动词或介词的后面。可以做宾语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。
名词
数词
代词
不定式
动名词
(宾语)从句
不定式(it为形式宾语)
有的动词后面可接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。构成主谓间宾直宾结构
She gave me a book. 她给了我一本书。
主
谓
间宾
直宾
双宾语
常见跟双宾语动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 把某物展示给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
常见跟双宾语动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
将下列句子改为同义句
1. Tom gave me a nice pen.
Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
2. My mother bought my little sister a yellow skirt.
My mother ________ a yellow skirt ______ my little sister.
to
gave
bought
for
3. She cooked me a delicious meal.
She ________ a delicious meal _____ me.
4. Tim showed me his favorite book.
Tim ________ his favorite book _____ me.
cooked
for
showed
to
表语Predicative(只存在系表结构中)
The performance seems embarrassing.
My uncle is a teacher .
This book is mine .
Two times six is twelve.
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
Lily was in high spirits all the day .
Time is up.
That is why she was late this morning .
表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词的后面。可以作表语的有：形容词、名词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、某些副词(较少)、从句等充当。
形容词
名词
数词
不定式（非谓语）
动名词（非谓语）
介词短语
表语从句
代词
副词（极少）
找出句子表语，并判断由什么充当表语
系动词
类别 系动词
状态类 be (am、is、are、was、were)
感官类 look， sound ，taste， smell， feel
表象性 seem ，appear
变化类 get， turn，grow， become，fall
持续性 stay， remain， keep, stand
结果性 prove， turn out
即学即练：划出下列句中的表语
① The old man was happy.
② The leaves have turned yellow.
③ Soon they all became interested in English.
④ She was the last to leave the library.
定语Attribute
找出句子定语，并判断由什么充当定语
The clever boy is Tom .
The maths problem is very difficult.
What’s your name
I got the third prize in the competition.
The boy under the tree is Jack.
I have some question to ask you.
Beneath the sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark.
There are fallen leaves on the ground .
The man upstairs is my headmaster.
The man who visited our class yesterday is an expert.
定语对名词或代词起修饰作用，常翻译成…的。可以作定语的有：名词(短语)、代词、形容词、数词、非谓语动词(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)、介词短语、副词(极少)、从句等。如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置(5.6.10)。
1.形容词
2.名词
4.数词
6.不定式（非谓语）
7.动名词（非谓语）
7. 过去分词(非谓语)
9. 定语从句
5.介词短语
3.代词
8. 副词（极少）
状语Adverbial
找出句子状语，并判断由什么充当状语
Lead-in
He finished homework carefully .
I see my brother sleeping at home .
To find a better job, he went to Australia.
Asked the same question once again, she got annoyed.
Walking down the street, I met an old friend
Dinner being ready, mother called us to the table.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Wait a minute.
Cold and hungry, the little girl kept weeping.
1副词
2.介词短语
3.非谓语动词(不定式)
7. 状语从句
4.非谓语动词(过去分词)
5. 非谓语动词(现在分词)
8. 名词(极少)
6.独立结构
9. 形容词(极少)
补语Complement
找出句子补语，并判断由什么充当补语
I hope you will find these suggestions useful.
We call him Peter.
I saw some boys playing basketball.
My mother lets me clean the classroom.
When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.
Our teacher didn’t allow us to be late.
He was made to stay at home by his father.
英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，这就是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语，他们在逻辑上有主谓关系。宾语补足语的句子变成被动时，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。可以做补语的主要为形容词和名词，还可以是非谓语和介词短语。这类常用的及物动词有：make, consider, think, believe, cause, see, find, hear, call, get, have, let, leave.
形容词
名词
非谓语（动名词）
省略to的不定式
介词短语
不定式作主语补足语
非谓语（不定式）
如何判断是否为宾补
判断是否是宾语补足语时，看“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的________关系”。
如： He asked me to lend him some money.
____是主语, ______是谓语，_____是宾语，me与to lend him some money构成逻辑上的________关系, to lend him some money是句子的______语。
He
asked
me
补
主谓
主谓
判断下列句中划线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T，不是的填F)
He asked me to lend him some money. ( )
2. He lent me some money. ( )
3. He found the door locked. ( )
4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )
T
F
T
T
同位语Appositive
找出句子同位语，并判断由什么充当同位语
We students should work hard.
We each have a chance to go to college.
They three wanted to go with us.
The news that he was admitted to Peking university excited his family.
同位语对句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分进一步解释说明，置于被说明的词之后，与该词为同等语法地位。可以做同位语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、从句等。
名词
代词
数词
从句
小试牛刀
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.
2. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
3. You're an excellent player.
5. You will find it easy to learn English .
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He was late because he got up late.
8. Would you please tell me your address
9. What he needs is a book.
10. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
11. My mother, a kind-hearted woman, takes care of me.
12. The young man offered the old man his own seat.
宾语
地点状语
伴随状语
定语
宾语补足语
表语
原因状语
直接宾语
主语
谓语
同位语
间接宾语
链接高考
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形,并说出其词性
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1______ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2_____ some of them looked very anxious and 3____________ (disappoint) . When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5________(catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7________(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“8________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It s 9________ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 10_________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.
being
and
disappointed
to
caught
to stop
riding
Did
me/mine
suddenly
总结
画一张思维导图总结英语句子的基本成分
句子成分
基本成分
主语Subject(句子主角)
谓语Predicate(做什么)
宾语Object(动作承受者)
其他成分
定语Attribute(修饰名词代词)
状语Adverbial(表时间地点原因方式等)
补语Complement(补充说明)
同位语Appositive(解释说明，像影子)
表语Predicative(表身份特征状态)
04 简单句的八种基本句型
复习：英语句子的基本成分有哪些？
主
语
谓
语
定
语
宾
语
同位语
补语
时间状
语
I made English teacher Sally angry yesterday.
句子成分有：
_______________________________________________________
主语, 谓语, 宾语, 定语, 状语, 补语,表语,同位语
S 表示 “主语（subject）”
V表示 “动词（verb）”
P表示 “表语（predicative）”
O表示 “宾语（object）”
C表示 “补语（complement）”
IO表示 “间接宾语（indirect object）”
DO表示 “直接宾语（direct object）”
句子成分的英文及缩写
找出句子主语，并判断由什么充当主语
1. 主谓 SV All of us laughed.
2. 主谓宾 SVO I miss my grandma.
3. 主系表 SP The teacher was kind and friendly.
4. 主谓(间)宾(直)宾 S V IO DO He told us a funny story.
5. 主谓宾宾补 SVOC I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
6. 主谓状 SVA He talked too much.
7. 主谓宾状 SVOA I had my first maths class at senior school.
8. There be句型 There’s lot to explore at senior high.
简单句的八大基本句型
找出句子主语，并判断由什么充当主语
1. SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词vi)
该句型中 “主语+不及物动词/词组”不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。
He is reading a poem written by Shakespeare.
I enjoy reading books.
She doesn’t know what to do next.
My father arrived in London yesterday.
2. SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词vt)+宾语
该此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。
He is reading a poem written by Shakespeare.
I enjoy reading books.
She doesn’t know what to do next.
My father arrived in London yesterday.
3. SVP(或SP) 主语+系动词+表语
系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上表语，才能表达完整的意思。表明主语身份特征或状态。表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词、句子等。
She became a doctor.
The measures are effective.
Mountains look more beautiful form a distance.
The teacher seemed to know everything.
His face turned red.
Food became easier to chew at this point.
4. S V IO DO主+谓+(间)宾+(直)宾
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：bring，give，offer，show等。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
He is reading a poem written by Shakespeare.
He brings me cookies every day.
Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
My mother cooked me a delicious meal.
4. S V IO DO主+谓+(间)宾+(直)宾
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：bring，give，offer，show等。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
He is reading a poem written by Shakespeare.
He brings me cookies every day.
Grandma told us an interesting story last night.
Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
My mother cooked me a delicious meal.
5. SVOC 主+谓+宾+宾补
该句型中动词只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
They made the boy angry.
She is always putting everything in order.
I always keep my room clean and tidy.
My mother doesn’t allow me to go out alone in the evening.
I saw him crossing the road when the accident happened
6. SVA 主+谓+状
7. SVOA 主+谓+宾+状
They sang and danced happily.
The concert began at 7 p.m.
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
The girl held her father’s hand tightly.
8. There be句型
there be 句型表示“在某处有某物”
基本结构是:There be（is/are/was/were）+n.+ 状语/定语
谓语动词和后面的主语在人称和数量上要保持一致，有时态变化。
如果有两个或更多的主语,则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致,即遵循就近原则。
There are trees which are planted by students all over the mountain.
There are trees planted by students all over the mountain.
There are many students taking part in the activity.
There are many people to attend the conference next week.
There is one book and two pens on the desk.
句型的构成：There be+n.
定语从句
过去分词短语
现在分词短语
动词不定式
概括there be 句型
句型的构成：There be + n.
定语从句
过去分词短语
现在分词短语
动词不定式
1. Her job is to look after the children in the kindergarten.
2. Most of the racers finished the whole course.
3. Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.
4. He is doing his homework in the room.
5. He gave us good advice on the work.
6. There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.
7. My mother often asks me to study hard.
8. The big day has finally arrived.
9. I am studying in London during the summer holiday.
10. Would you mind me opening the window
小试牛刀
(分析句子结构)
SVP
SVOC
S V IO DO
SVOA
S VOC
SV
SVOC
SVO
There be
SVA
1. 我写信是为了和你分享上周五在公园上的一堂美术课。
I am writing to share you with an art class I had in the park last Friday.
2. 这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。
The short English film will start in the school at 2:00 pm.
3. 我们很荣幸邀请您给我们做一个关于如何学好英语的访谈。
It is our honour to invite you to give us a talk on how to learn English well.
4. 从马车到今天便捷的交通，中国的交通有了巨大的发展。
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.
5. 共享单车为用户提供了便捷的服务，用户几乎可以在任何地方上下自行车。
Shared bikes provide users with convenient services and allow users to pick up and drop off a bicycle almost anywhere.
翻译练习
6. 比赛中友谊第一。
Friendship always comes first in the competition.
7. 在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。
My mother bought me a special gift on my birthday. /My mother bought a special gift for me on my birthday.
8. 经常锻炼帮助我们保持身体健康。
Taking regular exercise helps us keep healthy．
9. 中国传统服装看起来更漂亮，更时尚。
Traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and fashionable.
10. 保护环境是每个人的责任。
It is our duty to protect our environment
11. 昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
链接高考：应用文写作
2024新高1卷应用文
假定你是李华，你们班上周五在公园上了一节美术课，请给英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享你的经历，内容包括：
1. 你的作品内容；
2. 你的感想。
Dear Chris,
I am writing to share with you the art class I had in the park last Friday.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
范文
Dear Chris,
I am writing to share with you the art class I had in the park last Friday. It turned out to be a refreshing experience that left me feeling enriched and inspired（定从）.
My artwork portrayed a peaceful sunset over the serene lake, with the warm color blending（with结构作状语） harmoniously to create a fascinating scene. Reflecting（非谓语动词） on the beauty of nature, I aimed to capture the serenity and majesty of the moment in my drawing. Immersed（过去分词作状语） in the creative process, I found comfort in the surroundings of the park, feeling a deep connection to the natural world.
That’s all about my art class. Have you been working on any artwork lately
Please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
Thanks