(共79张PPT)
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected．
九年级
人教版
全
语法讲练及解析
【知识导图】
【要点拓展】
1．表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，常和含有for、since等表示一段时间的短语或其他时间状语从句连用。
By nine o＇clock he had worked for seven hours．
到9点钟为止，他已经工作7个小时了。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
当他被送进医院就医时，已经病了一个星期了。
2．表示原本想但事实上并未完成的意愿或打算，常用动词有：hope，want，think，expect，mean，plan，intend等。
I had planned to see you last weekend，but I was too busy.
上周末我本想去看你，可是太忙了。
【奇思巧计】
【同步检测】
一、单项选择
1. By the time I got to the station, the train ______for ten minutes.
A. left B. had left C. had been away
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。
考查动词时态。根据“By the time I got to the station”可知，事情发生在过去的过去，应为过去完成时，排除A选项。leave是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，此处应用延续性动词be away。故选C。
2. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie_____for ten minutes.
A. had been on B. had stopped C. had begun
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。
考查延续性动词。had been on 已经上映；had stopped已经停止；had begun 已经开始。根据“By the time”引导的从句是一般过去时，可知主句时态应为过去完成时；而stop和begin都是短暂性动词，不能与“for tenminutes”（一段时间）连用，begin的延续性动词（短语）是be on。故选A。
3. Lewis Carroll was an English writer. By the time of his death, one of his works, Alice_____the most popular children's book in England.
A. become B. had become C. has become
【答案】B
【详解】句意：刘易斯·卡罗尔是一位英国作家。到他去世时，他的一部作品《爱丽丝》已经成为英国最受欢迎的儿童读物。
考查动词的时态。根据“By the time of his death，one of his works，Alice...the most popular children＇s book in England.”可知“变得受欢迎”的动作发生在“去世”之前，故此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选B
4. By the time I got to school, I realized I ______ my key at home.
A. have left B. had left C.would left D. left
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当我到达学校时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在家里了。
考查时态。根据“By the time I got to school”可知，钥匙忘在家里的时间发生在“过去的过去”，即我到达学校之前，所以该句应用过去完成时态，构成是“had＋过去分词”，故选B。
5. The match _____already ____when we_____ there.
A. has; begun; get B.will; start; get
C. had; started; got D. have; get; reach
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我们到达那儿，比赛已经开始了。
考查动词时态。has／have＋动词过去分词，现在完成时；had＋动词过去分词，过去完成时；will＋动词原形，将来时；begun开始，过去分词；start开始，原形；started开始，过去分词；get得到，原形；got得到，过去式；reach到达，原形。从句应用一般过去时，而主句表示在过去的动作之前已经发生了的动作，应用过去完成时。故选C。
6. By the end of last year they _____thousands of orange trees on the mountains.
A. had planted B. have planted C.were planting D. would plant
【答案】A
【详解】句意：到去年年底为止，他们已经在山上种了成千上万棵橘子树。
考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the end of last year（到去年年底为止）”可知，句子的时态是过去完成时，其谓语动词构成是had done，所以空处应是had planted。故选A。
7. By last month, the TV series Three-Body____a large audience.
A. attracts B. attracted C. had attracted D. has attracted
【答案】C
【详解】句意：到上个月为止，电视剧《三体》已经吸引了大量的观众。
考查过去完成时。由“By last month”可知本句时态为过去完成时，句型结构为：主语＋had done。故选D。
8. -Why did you throw away that pair of sports shoes
-Because I ______ them for almost two years.
A. have worn B. put on C. had worn
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-你为什么扔掉那双运动鞋？-因为我已经穿了将近两年了。
考查过去完成时。根据“Why did you throw away that pair of sports shoes？”可知，扔掉鞋这个动作发生在过去，又根据“for almost two years”可知，此处为过去完成时，指在扔掉前已经穿了两年，故选C。
9.-Why didn't you give the wallet to the man at once
-Because he______before I realized it was his.
A. had been disappeared B. has disappeared C.had disappeared
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-你为什么不立马把钱包给那个人？-因为在我意识到是他的钱包之前他已经消失了。考查动词时态。根据“before I realized it was his”可知“意识到钱包是他的”发生在过去，“他消失”发生在“意识到”之前，所以是过去的过去，故用过去完成时，其结构是：主语＋had＋过去分词，故选C。
10. After she_____a huge breakfast at the hotel, she set out on foot down Nanjing Road.
A. had eaten B. was eating C. has eaten D. have eaten
【答案】A
【详解】句意：她在饭店吃了一顿丰盛的早餐后，就沿着南京路出发了。eat动词，吃；eating现在分词；eaten过去分词。A.had eaten过去完成时态；B.was eating过去进行时态；C.has eaten 现在完成时态，主语为三单；D.have eaten现在完成时态。根据句意可知，“吃早餐”发生在过去的事情“set out”之前，也就是发生在“过去的过去”，所以使用过去完成时态：had＋过去分词。故选A。
11. My aunt left her office after she ____ her work.
A. had finished B. finishes C. has finished D. was finished
【答案】A
【详解】试题分析：句意：完成了她的工作后，我的姑姑离开了她的办公室。结合语境可知从句中描述的是过去某时之前完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。选A。
12. -We_____our work before nine o'clock yesterday evening. -Great.
A. have finished B. finished C. had finished D. finish
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-我们在昨天晚上九点前完成了工作。-非常好。考查时态。根据“our work before nine o＇clock yesterday evening”可知在昨晚9点前就完成了作业，表示在过
去时间之前发生的动作用过去完成时had done。故选C。
13. She ______ a singer before she ____a superstar.
A. have been; became B. had been; become
C. had been; became D. has been; became
【答案】C
【详解】句意：她在成为超级明星之前是一名歌手。
考查动词时态。成为超级明星是发生在过去，应用一般过去时，成为歌手是发生在成为超级明星之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故选C。
14. Peter_____ over 3, 000 Chinese characters before he came to China.
A. was learning B. learns C. had learned D. has learned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：彼得在来中国之前已经学会了3000多个汉字。
考查时态。根据“before he came to China”可知，彼得在来中国之前就已经学会了3000多个汉字，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，即 had＋过去分词。故选C。
15. Simon _____the piano for ages before he gave his first concert.
A. played B. plays C. had played D. is playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：西蒙在举行第一场音乐会之前，已经弹了很久的钢琴。
考查过去完成时。根据“before he gave his first concert.”可知此处用的过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然后开了音乐会，故表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选C。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
16. By the time I got back to school, the bell ______(ring).
【答案】had rung
【详解】句意：等到我回到学校时，铃声已经响了。根据“By the time I got back to school”可知，“铃响”的动作发生在“我回到学校”之前，且“I got back”一般过去时，所以“铃响”发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时had done，ring的过去分词是rung。故填had rung。
17. By the end of last year he ______(learn) 3,000 English words.
【答案】had learnt／had learned
【详解】句意： 到去年年底，他已经学了3000个英语单词。根据“By the end of the last year”可知，谓语动作是在去年年底之前完成的，也就是发生在“过去的过去”，此句应该用过去完成时态，即had＋过去分词，故填 had learnt／learned。
18. The train ______(leave) when I got to the station.
【答案】had left
【详解】句意：当我到达车站的时候，火车已经走了。根据“got to”可知，从句中时态为一般过去时，“火车已经走了”发生在“我到达车站”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时“had done”，leave“离开”。故填had left。
19. I didn't go to see the film last night because I______ (see)it.
【答案】had seen
【详解】句意：昨晚我没有去看这个电影，因为我已经看过它了。由“didn＇t”可知，主句时态为过去时，“我看过这个电影”这个时间发生在“我昨晚没有去看这个电影”之前，即发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had＋done”，see“看”的过去分词形式是“seen”。故填had seen。
20. He told me that he______(keep) these since 2000.
【答案】had kept
【详解】句意：他告诉我他从2000年起就一直保存着这些东西。that后是宾语从句，根据told以及“主过从必过”可知，从句用过去的某个时态，结合“since 2000”可知，从句用过去完成时had done的结构，故填had kept。
21.After I had _____(lie) down for an hour, my headache was gone.
【答案】lain
【详解】句意：我躺了一个小时，我的头痛就好了。lie“躺”，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain，此处是过去完成时had done，因此用过去分词，故填lain。
22.- You watched the movie yesterday, didn't you
-Yes. But I missed the beginning. When I turned on the TV, it _____ (begin).
【答案】had begun
【详解】句意：-昨天晚上你看电影了，没有吗？-是的。但是我错过了开始。当我打开电视机时，它已经开始了。根据“When I turned on the TV”可知此处动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其谓语结构为“had＋done”，故填had；begun。
23.Anna didn't see the movie last night because she already _____(see) the film.
【答案】had seen
【详解】句意：安娜昨晚没看电影，因为她已经看过那部电影了。根据“Anna didn＇t see the movie last nightbecause she...already...（see）the film.”可知安娜昨晚没看电影，因为她已经看过那部电影了。结合句意可知看那部电影这个动作发生在“last night”之前，也就是过去的过去，时态用过去完成时，结构为“had＋动词过去分词”，see的过去分词是seen，故填had；seen。
24. Pu_____ (go) out with Jane after he_____ (make) a phone call.
【答案】went had made
【详解】句意：保罗打了一个电话后和简出去了。根据Paul（go）out with Jane after he＿（make）a phonecall.可知保罗打电话后和简出去了。句子中Paul出去应该发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，go的过去式为went；而打电话是发生在出去之前，也就是说发生在过去的过去，所以打电话应该用过去完成时，其构成为： had＋动词的过去分词，make的过去分词是made；故填 went；had made。
25. Before I arrived at school, my classmates_____ (go) to the zoo.
【答案】had gone
【详解】Before I arrived at school，my classmates （go）to the zoo.句意：在我到达学校之前，我的同学们已经去了动物园。根据Before I arrived at school可知主句用过去完成时，其结构是had gone的形式。Go的过去分词是gone。根据句意，故填had gone。
三、单词拼写
26. They had c______the sports meeting before it rained.
【答案】（c）anceled／（c）ancelled
【详解】句意：他们在下雨前取消了运动会。根据“...before it rained.”及首字母可知，下雨前把运动会取消了，cancel“取消”，空处用其过去分词形式，与“had”构成过去完成时。故填（c）anceled／（c）ancelled。
27. The pilot got a lot of praise because he had m______to save all the lives on the plane.
【答案】（m）anaged
【详解】句意：那名飞行员收到了很多赞赏，因为他设法挽救了飞机上所有的生命。根据“got a lot ofpraise”可知，他收到赞赏是因为救了飞机上所有的生命，助动词had后接动词的过去分词构成过去完成时，根据首字母m可知，该动词可用manage，manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，其过去分词为managed。故填（m）anaged。
28. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already s______ up.
【答案】（s）hown
【详解】句意：当我到达聚会的时候，其他的每个人已经出现了。这里是bythe time引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时态，主语用had done的形式，短语show up表示“出现”，这里用show
的过去分词shown。故填shown。
29.I sent a letter to you last week, but I hadn't r______your letter by yesterday.
【答案】received
【详解】句意：我上周给你寄去一封信，但是到昨天为止我还没有收到你的信。根据“I sent a letter to you last week，”和首字母r可知，我给你寄去一封信，因此表示我没有收到你的信，receive your letter 收到你的信，根据hadn＇t可知，此处是过去完成时，用receive的过去分词，故填received。
30. By the time I arrived at school, I realized I had 1_____ my schoolbag at home.
【答案】（l）eft
【详解】句意：当我到达学校时，我意识到我把书包忘在家里了。根据“Irealized I had l...my schoolbag at home.”可知，把书包忘在家里发生在意识到之前，因此这里用过去完成时态，因此填leave的过去分词left。故填(l)eft。
【真题链接】
1.(2023-黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)-Did you see Jack at the party -No, he____by the time I____ there.
A. was leaving; got B. left; had got C. had left; got
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-你在聚会上看到杰克了吗？-没有，我到那里的时候他已经走了。
考查时态。根据“No，he...by the time I...there.”可知，“我到那里”发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，“他离开”发生在“我到那里”之前，应该用过去完成时。故选C。
2.(2023·江西上饶·统考模拟预测)-How long ______the movie _____when the students got there
- About ten minutes.
A.has; begun B.had; begun C. has; been on D.had; been on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：-当学生们进去的时候，电影播放了多久？-大约10分钟。
考查过去完成时。has／had助动词；begun开始，非延续动词；been on开始，表状态。根据“when the students got there”可知，when后面引导的从句是一般过去时，电影是在学生进去之前开始播放的，所以是过去的过去，助动词用had；因电影的播放是延续性动作，需用been on。故选D。
3.(2023-甘肃武威·校考模拟预测)By the time I rushed into the theater, the show _____for half an hour.
A. had begun B. began C. was on D. had been on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当我冲进剧院时，演出已经开始半个小时了。
考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I rushed into the theater”以及“for half an hour”可知，时态为过去完成时，其谓语动词构成为had done，此处表示延续性动作，应用“had been on”。故选D。
4.(2023-黑龙江佳木斯-统考三模)By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _____ for ten minutes. It was hard to find my seat.
A. has been on B. had begun C. had been on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我到电影院时，电影已经上映十分钟了。很难找到我的座位。
考查时态。根据“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，此处应用过去完成时“had＋动词过去分词”，表示过去的过去；结合“for ten minutes”可知，动词应用延续性动词，begin“开始”，是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应该转换为be on（延续性动词）。故选C。
5.(2023·黑龙江绥化·校联考三模)-Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her. -Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ____.
A. have rang B. had rung C.rung
【答案】B
【详解】句意：-莉莉今天早上又迟到了。王老师对她生气。-是的，当她匆匆走进教室时，铃响了。考查时态。by the time意为“到......候（为止）”，介词短语，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时“had done”，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去，故选B。
6.(2023-河北沧州·校考二模)Jim was upset. When he got to the airport, his flight___off.
A. take B. took C. had taken D. has taken
【答案】C
【详解】句意：吉姆很难过。当他到达机场时，他的航班已经起飞了。
考查动词时态。根据“When he got to the airport，his flight...off.”可知，他的航班在他到达机场之前就已经起飞了，动作发生在过去的过去，空处用过去完成时，其结构为had done。故选C。
7.(2023·四川成都·统考一模)By the time the rescue (营救) men came to help, Jack ____ to get out of the burning house.
A. managed B. has managed C. had managed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当救援人员前来救援时，杰克已经设法走出了着火的房子。
考查过去完成时态。根据“By the time the rescue men came to help”可知，空格处动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had＋done”，故选C。
8.(2023·四川达州·统考二模)We____ four important exams on English by the end of last month.
A. had had B. will have C. have had
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们在上个月月底考了四场英语考试。
考查时态。根据句中信息“by the end of last month”可知，意思为“到上个月月末为止”，因此为过去式，而考试发生在月末之前，因此谓语在描述过去的过去，用“过去完成时”。故选A。
9.(2023·四川成都·统考二模)It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train _____ for ten minutes.
A. has been away B. will be away C.had been away
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今天运气真坏！我到火车站的时候，火车已经离开10分钟了。
考查过去完成时。从句使用了一般过去时，到达火车站是过去的一个时间点，在到达火车站之前已经发生的事应该使用过去完成时。过去完成时结构为“had＋过去分词”，故选C。
10.(2023·湖北武汉·统考三模)Jason____ Chinese in Wuhan for a year before the HSK test and passed it.
A. will learn B. learns C. had learned D. learned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在HSK考试通过前，Jason已经在武汉学习了一年的汉语。
考查时态。根据“before the HSK test and passed it”可知，他学汉语发生在“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时（had done）。故选C。
11.(2023·上海杨浦·统考三模)Before I met Julie's uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon, I ____ him.
A. have never seen B. had never seen C. will never see D. never see
[答案]B
【详解】句意：昨天下午我在餐厅遇见朱莉的叔叔之前，我从未见过他。
考查过去完成时。根据“Before I met Julie＇s uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon，”可知，“从未见过他”这个动作是发生在“昨天下午见到朱莉叔叔”之前，发生在过去的过去需用过去完成时，其结构是：had＋过去分词。故选B。
12.(2023-湖北襄阳·统考一模)-Why didn't you watch the movie Full River Red by Zhang Yimou with your friend last night
-Because I_______ it.
A. have seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
【答案】D
【详解】句意：-昨天晚上你为什么没和你的朋友一起去看由张艺谋的电影《满江红》呢？-因为我已经看过这部电影了。
考查过去完成时。根据语境可知，我在昨天晚上之前就已经看过这部电影了，动作发生在过去的过去，因此用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构为：had＋过去分词，see的过去分词是seen。故选D。
13.(2023-江苏无锡·统考三模)--Do you still remember what the Trip Code (行程码) was used for
-Of course. It was used to show where you _____in the last 14 days.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【详解】句意：-你还记得行程码的用途吗？-当然。它是用来显示你在过去14天里去过哪里的。考查时态。根据“It was used to show where you．．．in the last 14 days．”可知，此处强调“过去的过去”，用过去完成时结构“had＋动词过去分词”，故选D。
14.(2023-上海青浦·统考二模)By the time I got the note from Tom, I _____ him for what he said to me.
A. forgive B. will forgive C. had forgiven D. have forgiven
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我收到汤姆的便条时，我已经原谅了他对我说的话。
考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I got the note from Tom”可知，主句时态为过去完成时，表示过去的过去，意为“在我收到Tom的便条之前，我就原谅了Tom”，by the time意为“在......之前”，by the time＋从句用一般过去时时态，主句用过去完成时。故选C。
15.(2023-上海静安-统考二模)Martin German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany.
A. will study B. was studying C.has studied D.had studied
【答案】D
【详解】句意：马丁在德国工作之前已经学习了近两年的德语。
考查谓语动词时态。根据“...German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany.”可知，在他去德国工作之前学习德语，before引导的从句是一般过去时，主句的动作是发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had＋过去分词”。故选D。
16.(2023·上海宝山·统考二模)By the end of last month, the medical team____ in Africa for six months to look after the sick people there.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. will stay D. had stayed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：到上个月底，医疗队已经在非洲待了六个月，照顾那里的病人。
考查动词时态。根据“By the end of last month”可知，时态是过去完成时，结构是had done。故选D。
17.(2023-上海普陀·统考二模)Michael_____his work before he went to bed.
A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. has finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：迈克尔在睡觉前完成了他的工作。
考查过去完成时。根据“Michael...his work before he went to bed.”可知，“完成工作”这一动作发生在“睡觉”前，用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故选C。
18.(2023-上海奉贤·统考二模)By the end of last term, the students of Grade Nine_____three projects.
A.finished B. would finish C.have finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意：到上学期末，九年级的学生已经完成了三个项目。
考查过去完成时。by the end of last term“到上学期末”，是过去完成时的标志词，故句子需要用过去完成时，即 had＋done。故选D。
19.(2023-上海虹口·统考二模)The famous writer _____ two novels by the end of last month.
A. writes B. is writing C. would write D. had written
【答案】D
【详解】句意：到上个月底，这位著名作家已经写了两部小说。
考查动词时态。根据“by the end of last month”可知，此句用过去完成时had done的结构，故选D。
20.(2023-上海静安·上海市回民中学校考二模)He said he ____to study abroad but he gave it up because of the COVID-19.
A.planned B. would plan C. had planned D. has planned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他说，他本来计划出国留学，但因为新冠肺炎而放弃了。
考查过去完成时。根据“He said he．．．to study abroad but he gave it up because of the COVID-19．”可知，“计划出国留学”的动作发生在“放弃”之前，用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故选C。
21.(2023-安徽·校联考一模)--Tom's father is really busy recently. He often works late at the hospital before coming home.
-Yes. By the time he arrived home last night, Tom___ asleep.
A. had fallen B. fell C. has fallen D. falls
【答案】A
【详解】句意：-汤姆的父亲最近真的很忙，他经常在医院工作到很晚才回家。-对，昨晚他到家时，汤姆已经睡着了。
考查过去完成时。由“By the time he arrived home last night”可知，从句是“by the time＋一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时结构为“ 词的过去分词”，fall的过去分词是fallen，故选A。
22，(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·校联考一模)-How long _______you_____TV by the time I called you
-For about two hours.
A. had; watched B. have; watched C. did; watch
【答案】A
【详解】句意：-我打电话给你时，你看电视多久了？-大约两小时了。
考查时态。根据“by the time I called you”可知此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选A。
23.(2023-辽宁抚顺·统考二模)He ______to play the piano before he was 10 years old.
A. has learned B. learned C. learns D. had learned
【答案】D
【详解】句意：他在10岁之前就学会了弹钢琴。
考查时态。根据时间状语从句“before he was 10 years old”可知，主句谓语动作发生在“他10岁之前”，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时：had done。故选D。
24.(2022-黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测)By the time I got into the classroom, the teacher _____the test papers.
A. had handed out B. handed out C. has handed out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：等我进到教室的时候，老师已经发完测试卷了。
考查谓语动词的时态。by the time“到那时”，其引导的从句为一般过去时，而主句谓语动作hand out“分发”，发生在从句动作之前，应用过去完成时，结构为had＋过去分词。故选A。
25．（2023·安徽亳州·校联考模拟预测）Ben told his father he_______his homework two hours before．
A.finishes B.had finished C.was finishing D.has finished
【答案】B
【详解】句意：本告诉他爸爸他两个小时前就做完了作业。
考查动词时态。“完成作业”在“告诉”动作之前，结合told可知，此处要用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，故选B。
26.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测)-You look unhappy, what happened
-Bad luck, I planned to go to Shenzhen, but the plane _____when I at the airport.
A. has left; arrived B. had left; arrived C.left; arrives
【答案】B
【详解】句意：-你看起来不开心，发生什么事情了？-真倒霉。我计划去深圳，但是当我到达机场时，飞机已经离开了。
考查动词的时态。根据“I planned to go to Shenzhen，but the plane...when I...at the airport.”可知，作者到达机场是发生在过去的事情，故第二空用一般过去时；飞机离开是发生在作者到达机场之前的事情，在过去之前发生应用过去完成时，因此第一空应该用过去完成时。故选B。
27.(2022-甘肃武威·校考一模)-You look sad. What's the matter
-I had a bad morning. By the time I got to school, I found I _____ my homework at home. I had to go back home to get it.
A. have forgotten B. had forgotten C. have left D. had left d
【答案】D
【详解】句意：-你看起来很伤心。怎么了？-我早上过得很糟。当我到学校时，我发现我把作业忘在家里了。我得回家去拿。
考查动词时态以及动词辨析。forget忘记；leave遗忘。根据“By the time I got to school”可知，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done的结构。根据“my homework at home”可知，把作业落在家里了，故选D。
28.(2022-四川达州·统考一模)We_____already _____2000 words by the end of last year,
A. have; learned B. had; learned C. are; learning D. \; learn
【答案】B
【详解】句意：到去年年底，我们已经学了2000个单词。
考查过去完成时。由句子中的already及by the end of last year可知，这是在过去的某一时间已经发生了的动作，所以是过去完成时，其结构是：主语＋had＋过去分词，所以是had learned。故选B。
29.(2022-甘肃金昌·统考一模)When the doctor arrived, the patient ____ for just one minute.
A.has died B. had died C. has been dead D. had been dead
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当医生到达时，病人已经死了一分钟了。
考查时态。根据“When the doctor arrived”及“for just one minute”可知要用过去完成时，排除AC；与时间段连用要用延续性动词，排除B。故选D。
30.(2022-黑龙江佳木斯·统考三模)By the time they got there, the concert ______.
A. was beginning B. had begun C. will begin
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当他们到达那里时，音乐会已经开始了。
考查动词时态辨析。由题干中的时间状语“By the time they got there”可知此句时态应用过去完成时。故选B。
31.(2022-江苏宿迁·统考一模)-They had memorized most of the new words in the textbook ___ of last term.
-You mean_____of the new words
A. at the end; one-third B. in the end; four-fifths
C. by the end; three-fourths D. by the end; three-quarter
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-到上学期末，他们已经记住了课本上的大部分生词。-你的意思是生词的四分之三？
考查过去完成时和数词用法。根据“They had memorized most of the new words”可知问句是过去完成时，时间状语应该是到过去一个时间为止，用by the end of；分数的表达是分子基数词，分母序数词，如果分子大于1，分母用复数。故选C。
32.(2022-四川成都·四川省成都市盐道街中学校考二模)-What happened to you on April Fool's Day
-I was the only one at school on Saturday, I realized that I _____by my classmates.
A. am fooled B. had fooled C. had been fooled
【答案】C
【详解】句意：-愚人节你怎么了？-星期六我是学校里唯一的一个学生，我意识到我被同学们愚弄了。
考查被动语态。根据“by my classmates”可知，此处用被动语态的结构，排除B选项。根据realized以及“主过从必过”原则可知，此处要用某个过去时的被动语态，故选C。
33，(2020·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)By the time the teacher came, we_____ cleaning the classroom.
A.finished B. have finished C. had finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：老师来的时候，我们已经打扫完了教室。
考查过去完成时。A.finished表一般过去时；B.have finished表现在完成时；C.had finished表过去完成时。根据英语语法，by the time引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去。故选C。
34.(2011-湖北十堰·中考真题)-Did you meet the professor at the airport
-No, he ____ by the time I ____ there.
A. had left: got B. has left: reached
C. was leaving; got D. left: had got
【答案】A
【分析】.
【详解】句意：你在机场遇到那个教授了吗？-不，我到的时候他已经走了。根据上文，下文叙述应是过去时态。根据下文时间状语，我到那时，他已离开了，主句是过去完成时，选A。
35.(2010-江苏常州·中考真题)-What did Jack ask you just now
-He wanted to know how long ___ when I reached the cinema.
A. had the film been on B. the film had started
C.the film had lasted D. had the film ended
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句和现在完成时。know后是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序，排除A、D；how long 指的是一段时间，start是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用；last“持续”，是延续性动词，可与一段时间连用。选C
36.(2010-甘肃兰州·中考真题).The plane____when we got to the airport.
A. had taken off B. was taken off C.will take off D. is taking off
【答案】A
【分析】考查时态.根据从句内容我们已经到达了机场，可知主句内容在这之前已经发生，故主句用过去完成时态，选A.我们到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了.
【详解】句意：我们到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。考查时态。根据从句内容我们已经到达了机场，可知主句内容在这之前已经发生，故主句用过去完成时态，选A。
37.(2011·广东河源·中考真题)By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ____ for ten minutes.
A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我到电影院时，电影已经上映十分钟了。
考查时态。by后加过去时间，常与过去完成时连用。begin和start“开始”，是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应该转换为beon（延续性动词）。故选B。
38.(2015·黑龙江·中考真题)By the time I got back to school, the bell______.
A. rang B. has rung C. had rung
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我返回到学校时，铃早响了。
考查过去完成时。By the time...，到...的时候，引导时间状语从句，主句经常用于过去完成时态。过去完成时态，表示动作发生在过去的过去。铃响发生在过去的动作回到学校之前，所以用过去完成时态。A.rang一般过去时态；B.has rung 现在完成时态；C.had rung过去完成时态。故选C。
39.(2011-新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题)The meeting ___by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun
【答案】C
【详解】句意：昨天我到那儿时会已经开始了。
考查动词的时态。“我昨天到那儿”是过去，“会议开始”在我到那儿之前，应是过去的过去。故用过去完成时。故选C。
40.(2011·甘肃兰州·中考真题)By the end of last month, I ____all the CDs of Justin Bicber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D.had collected
【答案】D
【详解】考查点：过去完成时的用法。解题思路：此处by意为“到...为止”，该句意为“到上个月末为止，我已经将Justin Bieber全部的CD收集起来”，表示“动作从过去已经开始一直持续到过去某个时间”，故要使用过去完成时，答案选D；
41.(2016-贵州黔东南·中考真题)The bus ___for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station.
A. went B. has left C. had left D. had been away
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析：句意：当迪姆到达车站时，公交离开了五分钟了。表示到达车站前已经发生或完成的动作，句子用过去完成时态；leave是一个非延续性的动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for...连用，可以表达成be away，形容词表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。故选D。
42.(2014上海·中考真题)By the end of last week, Maggie____ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：到上周末为止，Maggie已经在中国西部待了两个月帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。根据句中时间状语 By the end of last week是到上周末为止，即到过去时间为止已经完成的动作，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。
43.(2023上·黑龙江绥化·九年级统考期末)When I got to the bus stop, the bus ___already ___for5 minutes.
A. had, left B.has, been away C. had, been away
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了5分钟。
考查动词时态和延续性动词。leave离开，过去分词是left，短暂性动词；be away离开，延续性动词。根据“already”和“When I got to the bus stop”可知，应是在到车站前车就离开了，所以是强调过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，结合“for 5 minutes”是时间段可知，空处需用延续性动词。故选C。
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https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected．语法讲练
【知识导图】
【要点拓展】
1．表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态，常和含有for、since等表示一段时间的短语或其他时间状语从句连用。
By nine o＇clock he had worked for seven hours．
到9点钟为止，他已经工作7个小时了。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
当他被送进医院就医时，已经病了一个星期了。
2．表示原本想但事实上并未完成的意愿或打算，常用动词有：hope，want，think，expect，mean，plan，intend等。
I had planned to see you last weekend，but I was too busy.
上周末我本想去看你，可是太忙了。
【奇思巧计】
【同步检测】
一、单项选择
1. By the time I got to the station, the train ______for ten minutes.
A. left B. had left C. had been away
2. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie_____for ten minutes.
A. had been on B. had stopped C. had begun
3. Lewis Carroll was an English writer. By the time of his death, one of his works, Alice_____the most popular children's book in England.
A. become B. had become C. has become
4. By the time I got to school, I realized I ______ my key at home.
A. have left B. had left C.would left D. left
5. The match _____already ____when we_____ there.
A. has; begun; get B.will; start; get
C. had; started; got D. have; get; reach
6. By the end of last year they _____thousands of orange trees on the mountains.
A. had planted B. have planted C.were planting D. would plant
7. By last month, the TV series Three-Body____a large audience.
A. attracts B. attracted C. had attracted D. has attracted
8. -Why did you throw away that pair of sports shoes
-Because I ______ them for almost two years.
A. have worn B. put on C. had worn
9.-Why didn't you give the wallet to the man at once
-Because he______before I realized it was his.
A. had been disappeared B. has disappeared C.had disappeared
10. After she_____a huge breakfast at the hotel, she set out on foot down Nanjing Road.
A. had eaten B. was eating C. has eaten D. have eaten
11. My aunt left her office after she ____ her work.
A. had finished B. finishes C. has finished D. was finished
12. -We_____our work before nine o'clock yesterday evening. -Great.
A. have finished B. finished C. had finished D. finish
13. She ______ a singer before she ____a superstar.
A. have been; became B. had been; become
C. had been; became D. has been; became
14. Peter_____ over 3, 000 Chinese characters before he came to China.
A. was learning B. learns C. had learned D. has learned
15. Simon _____the piano for ages before he gave his first concert.
A. played B. plays C. had played D. is playing
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
16. By the time I got back to school, the bell ______(ring).
17. By the end of last year he ______(learn) 3,000 English words.
18. The train ______(leave) when I got to the station.
19. I didn't go to see the film last night because I______ (see)it.
20. He told me that he______(keep) these since 2000.
21.After I had _____(lie) down for an hour, my headache was gone.
22.- You watched the movie yesterday, didn't you
-Yes. But I missed the beginning. When I turned on the TV, it _____ (begin).
Anna didn't see the movie last night because she already _____(see) the film.
24. Pu_____ (go) out with Jane after he_____ (make) a phone call.
25. Before I arrived at school, my classmates_____ (go) to the zoo.
三、单词拼写
26. They had c______the sports meeting before it rained.
27. The pilot got a lot of praise because he had m______to save all the lives on the plane.
28. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already s______ up.
29. I sent a letter to you last week, but I hadn't r______your letter by yesterday.
30. By the time I arrived at school, I realized I had 1_____ my schoolbag at home.
【真题链接】
1.(2023-黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)-Did you see Jack at the party -No, he____by the time I____ there.
A. was leaving; got B. left; had got C. had left; got
2.(2023·江西上饶·统考模拟预测)-How long ______the movie _____when the students got there
- About ten minutes.
A.has; begun B.had; begun C. has; been on D.had; been on
3.(2023-甘肃武威·校考模拟预测)By the time I rushed into the theater, the show _____for half an hour.
A. had begun B. began C. was on D. had been on
4.(2023-黑龙江佳木斯-统考三模)By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _____ for ten minutes. It was hard to find my seat.
A. has been on B. had begun C. had been on
5.(2023·黑龙江绥化·校联考三模)-Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her. -Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ____.
A. have rang B. had rung C.rung
6.(2023-河北沧州·校考二模)Jim was upset. When he got to the airport, his flight___off.
A. take B. took C. had taken D. has taken
7.(2023·四川成都·统考一模)By the time the rescue (营救) men came to help, Jack ____ to get out of the burning house.
A. managed B. has managed C. had managed
8.(2023·四川达州·统考二模)We____ four important exams on English by the end of last month.
A. had had B. will have C. have had
9.(2023·四川成都·统考二模)It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train _____ for ten minutes.
A. has been away B. will be away C.had been away
10.(2023·湖北武汉·统考三模)Jason____ Chinese in Wuhan for a year before the HSK test and passed it.
A. will learn B. learns C. had learned D. learned
11.(2023·上海杨浦·统考三模)Before I met Julie's uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon, I ____ him.
A. have never seen B. had never seen C. will never see D. never see
12.(2023-湖北襄阳·统考一模)-Why didn't you watch the movie Full River Red by Zhang Yimou with your friend last night
-Because I_______ it.
A. have seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
13.(2023-江苏无锡·统考三模)--Do you still remember what the Trip Code (行程码) was used for
-Of course. It was used to show where you _____in the last 14 days.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
14.(2023-上海青浦·统考二模)By the time I got the note from Tom, I _____ him for what he said to me.
A. forgive B. will forgive C. had forgiven D. have forgiven
15.(2023-上海静安-统考二模)Martin German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany.
A. will study B. was studying C.has studied D.had studied
16.(2023·上海宝山·统考二模)By the end of last month, the medical team____ in Africa for six months to look after the sick people there.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. will stay D. had stayed
17.(2023-上海普陀·统考二模)Michael_____his work before he went to bed.
A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. has finished
18.(2023-上海奉贤·统考二模)By the end of last term, the students of Grade Nine_____three projects.
A.finished B. would finish C.have finished D. had finished
19.(2023-上海虹口·统考二模)The famous writer _____ two novels by the end of last month.
A. writes B. is writing C. would write D. had written
20.(2023-上海静安·上海市回民中学校考二模)He said he ____to study abroad but he gave it up because of the COVID-19.
A.planned B. would plan C. had planned D. has planned
21.(2023-安徽·校联考一模)--Tom's father is really busy recently. He often works late at the hospital before coming home.
-Yes. By the time he arrived home last night, Tom___ asleep.
A. had fallen B. fell C. has fallen D. falls
22，(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·校联考一模)-How long _______you_____TV by the time I called you
-For about two hours.
A. had; watched B. have; watched C. did; watch
23.(2023-辽宁抚顺·统考二模)He ______to play the piano before he was 10 years old.
A. has learned B. learned C. learns D. had learned
24.(2022-黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测)By the time I got into the classroom, the teacher _____the test papers.
A. had handed out B. handed out C. has handed out
25．（2023·安徽亳州·校联考模拟预测）Ben told his father he_______his homework two hours before．
A.finishes B.had finished C.was finishing D.has finished
26.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测)-You look unhappy, what happened
-Bad luck, I planned to go to Shenzhen, but the plane _____when I at the airport.
A. has left; arrived B. had left; arrived C.left; arrives
27.(2022-甘肃武威·校考一模)-You look sad. What's the matter
-I had a bad morning. By the time I got to school, I found I _____ my homework at home. I had to go back home to get it.
A. have forgotten B. had forgotten C. have left D. had left
28.(2022-四川达州·统考一模)We_____already _____2000 words by the end of last year,
A. have; learned B. had; learned C. are; learning D. \; learn
29.(2022-甘肃金昌·统考一模)When the doctor arrived, the patient ____ for just one minute.
A.has died B. had died C. has been dead D. had been dead
30.(2022-黑龙江佳木斯·统考三模)By the time they got there, the concert ______.
A. was beginning B. had begun C. will begin
31.(2022-江苏宿迁·统考一模)-They had memorized most of the new words in the textbook ___ of last term.
-You mean_____of the new words
A. at the end; one-third B. in the end; four-fifths
C. by the end; three-fourths D. by the end; three-quarter
32.(2022-四川成都·四川省成都市盐道街中学校考二模)-What happened to you on April Fool's Day
-I was the only one at school on Saturday, I realized that I _____by my classmates.
A. am fooled B. had fooled C. had been fooled
33，(2020·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)By the time the teacher came, we_____ cleaning the classroom.
A.finished B. have finished C. had finished
34.(2011-湖北十堰·中考真题)-Did you meet the professor at the airport
-No, he ____ by the time I ____ there.
A. had left: got B. has left: reached
C. was leaving; got D. left: had got
35.(2010-江苏常州·中考真题)-What did Jack ask you just now
-He wanted to know how long ___ when I reached the cinema.
A. had the film been on B. the film had started
C.the film had lasted D. had the film ended
36.(2010-甘肃兰州·中考真题).The plane____when we got to the airport.
A. had taken off B. was taken off C.will take off D. is taking off
37.(2011·广东河源·中考真题)By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ____ for ten minutes.
A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on
38.(2015·黑龙江·中考真题)By the time I got back to school, the bell______.
A. rang B. has rung C. had rung
39.(2011-新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题)The meeting ___by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun
40.(2011·甘肃兰州·中考真题)By the end of last month, I ____all the CDs of Justin Bicber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D.had collected
41.(2016-贵州黔东南·中考真题)The bus ___for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station.
A. went B. has left C. had left D. had been away
42.(2014上海·中考真题)By the end of last week, Maggie____ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
43.(2023上·黑龙江绥化·九年级统考期末)When I got to the bus stop, the bus ___already ___for5 minutes.
A. had, left B.has, been away C. had, been away
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