Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
学情分析
对于九年级的学生来说,经过两年多的学习，部分学生已经有了一定的英语学习基础,掌握了一点英美国家日常生活中的不同点,有较明确的英语学习动机和积极主动的学习态度。能听懂教师有关熟悉话题的陈述并参与讨论。能就日常生活的各种话题与他人交换信息并陈述自己的意见。能读懂供7-9年级学生阅读的简单读物、报刊和杂志，克服生词障碍，理解大意。能根据阅读目的，运用适当的阅读策略；能根据提示起草和修改小作文；能与他人合作解决问题并报告结果，共同完成学习任务；能对自己的学习进行评价，总结学习方法；能利用多种教育资源进行学习，进一步增强对文化差异的理解和认识。
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
效果分析
学生听课时参与状态良好，精神饱满，对所授内容兴趣浓厚，学习投入状态良好且参与度高。学生善于思考质疑，能根据客观情况提出个人观点，见解独到、有价值，教师提问能引发学生积极思考。教师对小组合作探究环节组织有序，学生讨论热烈，合作中能清晰表达自己观点并耐心听取别人意见，教师适时给予客观评价与指导。学生展示时大胆自信，能快速掌握当堂知识，知识目标达成度好。通过本节课的学习，学生发现问题、表述问题、解决问题、综合运用语言等各方面的能力都有所提高。过程与方法方面，教师结合初中学业水平考试设置题型，引导学生学会解决问题的方法，形成有效的学习策略，养成良好的学习习惯。学生在完成阅读和讨论任务后，教师及时进行情感教育，让学生认识到环保的重要性。作业安排为让学生用英语制作关于环保的海报，这也可以让学生把上课复习和练习的内容落实到笔头上来。
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
课后反思
九年级下学期英语转入复习，如何在有限的课堂时间里提高学生的阅读能力和写作能力，提升阅读质量，提高学习效率是授课的关键。针对教材的特点，我在备课的过程中充分考虑学生的实际水平，根据学生的能力设计有效的教学手法和活动，使教学效果达到最优。
课前热身活动复习学过的有关世界和环境的单词，扫除学生在阅读文章时的障碍。用填词完成短篇的练习巩固这些单词，这也是初中学业水平考试中单词拼写题的一个变形。接着看视频激发学生的视觉听觉感受，让学生切实体会到目前污染的现状，继而阅读关于污染的文章，得到更多关于污染的信息，读完文章后回答问题，问题的设置符合初中学业水平考试中阅读表达题型的考查。阅读理解题完成后，让学生找出文中出现的所有的比较级和最高级，继而复习有关形容词、副词的比较级和最高级语法知识，让学生做相关的中考题进行中考链接。让学生利用比较级或最高级造句，继而讨论现实生活中的环境问题，学生讨论并提出环保计划与措施，这也提高了学生的综合语言运用能力。
总之，在教学过程中，学生始终是学习的主体，而教师只扮演一个导演的角色。教师有效的导是必要的前提和基础，学生的理解是保证，学生运用能力是关键，学生的创造性思维是升华。只有充分发挥教师的主导作用和充分体现学生的主体作用，才能提高课堂效率和质量。
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
教学设计
【Learning aims】
1. Knowledge aim: Master the words, phrases and sentence patterns about the world and the environment.
2. Ability aims: Enable the students to use the word’s comparative or superlative to describe the nature or the present problems. Give proper advice to the environmental problems.
3. Moral aim: Let students know the importance of protecting the world and the environment. Call on them to play an important part in environmental protection.
【Teaching process】
Step 1 Brainstorming
List the words about the world and the environment as many as possible.
1. Plants:________________________________________________________
2. Animals: ______________________________________________________
3. Describe land: 例：城市、农场、山脉
_____________________________________________________________
4. Countries: _____________________________________________________
5. Problems:_____________________________________________________
Step 2 Self check
Fill in the blanks as quickly as possible.
We have only one world. It is very beautiful. There are many _______(植物) on the _____(地球), such as _______(花), ______(草) and _______(树木). It is _______(晴天) today. The _____(太阳) shines brightly. The _______(空气) is fresh. Some people are playing in the ______(公园). There is a _____(湖) around it. Some ______(鱼) and _______(鸭子) are swimming in it. However, in other parts of the world, there are also many problems, such as __________(人口), __________(污染) and ____________(食品安全).
Step 3 Task-based reading
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. In what ways does pollution come?
_____________________________________________________
2. What is the most serious pollution?
_____________________________________________________
3. What can be caused by water pollution?
_____________________________________________________
4. 将文中画线部分译成汉语。
_____________________________________________________
5. 给文章拟一个合适的英文题目。
_____________________________________________________
Step 4 Grammar
Task 1 Underline the comparatives and superlatives in the passage above.
划出上面文中出现的比较级和最高级。
Task 2比较级和最高级小结
规则变化
构成
原级
比较级
最高级
一般加-er, -est
long
以不发音的字母e结尾时，加-r, -est
nice
辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i, 再加-er, -est
happy
重读闭音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-er, -est
big
多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前加more，most
interesting
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good /well
bad / ill
many / much
little
far
old
Step 5 Practice
Say sentences that contain the word’s comparative or superlative to describe the nature or the present problems. (用含有单词比较级或最高级的句子描述自然或现在的问题。)
例：Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
Our world is more beautiful than before.
Air pollution is the most serious pollution.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 6 Groupwork
Talk with your group members about the environmental problems in our world. Then give suggestions to solve the problems.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Moral education:
Our actions will make a difference. We should rethink, reuse and recycle to protect our world.
我们的行动将有很大影响。我们应该重新考虑，重新使用和回收，以保护我们的世界。
Homework
Make posters in English to call on people to protect our world and the environment.
课件20张PPT。Chapter 15 The world and the environmentStep 1 Brainstorming List the words about the world and the environment as many as possible. (尽可能多地列出有关世界和环境的单词。) 1. Plants:
__________________________________________
2. Animals:
___________________________________________
3. Describe land: 例：城市、山脉
___________________________________________
4. Countries:
___________________________________________
5. Problems:
___________________________________________population, air pollution, noise pollution…trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, flowers… panda, giraffe, monkey, tiger, lion, bear, elephant… town, farm, mountain, lake, river, bridge, park…China, England, America, Australia, Canada, Japan…Step 2 Self check Fill in the blanks as quickly as possible. We have only one world. It is very beautiful.
There are many _______(植物) on the _____(地球),
such as _______(花)，______(草) and _______(树木).
It is _______(晴天) today. The _____(太阳) shines
brightly. The _______(空气) is fresh. Some people are
playing in the ______(公园). There is a _____(湖)
around it. Some ______(鱼) and _______(鸭子) are
swimming in it. However, in other parts of the world,
there are also many problems, such as __________(人
口), __________(污染) and ____________(食品安全).
food safetyplantsearthflowersgrasstrees sunny sunairparklakefishduckspopulationpollution Step 3 Task-based reading Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Step 3 Task-based reading Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.Step 3 Task-based reading The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.Step 3 Task-based reading1. In what ways does pollution come?
_________________________________________
2. What is the most serious pollution?
_________________________________________
3. What can be caused by water pollution?
_________________________________________
4. 将文中画线部分译成汉语。
_________________________________________
—————————————————————
5. 给文章拟一个合适的英文题目。
_________________________________________We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Air pollution. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Pollution.它对世界上的所有生物都不好，但是它并不是
唯一一种污染。Step 4 Grammar Task 1
Underline the comparatives and superlatives in the passage above.
划出上文出现的比较级和最高级。
Step 4 Grammar
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.Step 4 Grammar 规则变化 longernicerhappierbiggermore interestinglongestnicesthappiestbiggestmost interesting不规则变化 eldestbetterbest worse worstmoremost less least fartherfarthestfurtherfurthestolder oldest elderStep 4 Grammar Task 2
1. (2014 兰州中考) The weather is becoming _______.
A. hotter and hotter B. more hot and hot
C. hoter and hoter D. more and more hotA注：
比较级+and+比较级 “越来越……”Step 4 Grammar 2. After the rebuilding, our school is becoming ______.
A. more and more beautiful
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. beautiful and beautiful
D. the more beautiful
AStep 4 Grammar 3. The more you eat, ______ you will be.
A. the more B. the better
C. the fatter D. the bestC注：
the +比较级……the +比较级……
“越……就越……”Step 4 Grammar 4. ---- Do you know China is one of _____
countries in the world?
---- Yes, I do. It’s much _____ than the US.
A. oldest, older B. the oldest, older
C. the oldest, elder D. the older, elderB注：
当强调比较的程度时，可以在形容词或副词的比较级前使用much, a little, even, still, a lot, far, any, no等来修饰。Step 5 Practice Task 3
Say sentences that contain the word’s comparative or superlative to describe the nature or the present problems. (用含有单词比较级或最高级的句子描述自然或现在的问题。)
例：Qomolangma is the highest mountain in
the world.
Our world is more beautiful than before.
Air pollution is the most serious pollution.
Step 6 Groupwork We have many environmental problems in the world. Talk with your group members about how to solve the problems.
* I think that …
* We should / could …
* I suggest …
* We’d better… Our actions will make a difference. We should rethink, reuse and recycle to protect our world.
我们的行动将有很大影响。我们应该重新考虑，重新使用和回收，以保护我们的世界。 Homework Make posters in English to call on people to protect our world and the environment.
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
教材分析
所授课型教材内容选自《初中学业水平考试说明与指导》“第十五章 世界和环境”。《初中学业水平考试说明与指导》以英语学科的课程标准为依据，基本覆盖初中教材的主要内容，以学业水平考试对知识和能力的考查为目标，全面展开对英语学科知识要求和能力考查点的系统把握和再现，促进学生能力的提升并指导学生进行考前演练。教材注重基础性、阶段性、综合性，又体现学生学习的层次性、渐进性，在用时、容量、结构、体例上突出体现了实用性原则。第十五章复习的教材内容包括八年级下册Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. 八年级下册Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? 八年级下册 Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 九年级 Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth. 本章考查的语言功能为提供帮助，提出建议，能用单词的比较级或最高级谈论自然与现在的问题，并能针对环境问题提出合理建议，让学生知道保护世界和环境的重要性,并积极采取行动。
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
观评记录
课堂教学观察评价表
授课人：张 倩
授课课题：第十五章 世界和环境
观察维度
评价
建议
一、评价教师的教
课堂教学目标的设定及达成
教学思想是否体现新课程理念
教师的教学思路
教师的教学设计能力
教师的基本素养
教学方法和手段
教学内容
二、评价学生的学
学生的参与状态
学生的思维状态
学生的生成状态
三、多媒体的呈现及应用
授课时，听评课教师填写《课堂教学观察评价表》，课后授课教师汇总并做总结如下：这节英语课的教学设计，从教学过程来看，都较好地贯彻了新的《英语课程标准》的指导思想。新课程倡导以学生为中心的课堂教学过程，倡导学生自主性的探究性学习模式。在这节课中教师转变以前的教学观念，把课堂还给学生，引导学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习，引导学生积极参与、独立思考、自由表达、愉快合作，让学生在心理上处于兴奋和抑制的最佳状态，让学生充满求知的愉悦感，调动起学生的良好情绪，最大限度激发学生的主题意识和主题精神。课堂要让每个学生都动起来，学生通过小组合作，展示自我，这一过程不仅锻炼了学生的口语交际能力，而且能够充分发挥出学生的潜力，竞争与合作并存。学习目标正确，重难点落实到位，关键问题把握准确，能根据学习内容合理使用教学资源。 设计实用，体现教学要求，作业设计能巩固学生本节课复习和讨论的内容，并注重学生创新能力培养。课堂活动紧凑，教师自身素质良好，做好了充分的导学工作。
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
评测练习
I.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I think this coat is too expensive. I want a ________ (cheap) one.
2. My ________ (old) brother works in a factory. He is two years ________ (old) than I.
3. Can we do more work with ________ (little) time and ________ (few) people?
4. Japan is a little ________ (large) than Germany.
5. The ________ (hard) you work, the ________ (much) you will learn.
6. The man is much ________ (strong) than the other one.
7. He has been ill for a few days. He feels even________ (bad) today.
8. He is getting ________ and ________ (fat).
9. Of the two girls, Lingling is ________ (short).
10. Our city is much ________________ (beautiful) than yours.
II. 单项填空。
1. The air in Beijing is getting much ________ now than a few years ago.
A. clean? ?????????????? B. cleaner? C. cleanest? ???????????? D. the cleanest
2. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ________ than before.
A. cheap? ?????????????? B. cheaper C. cheapest ????????????? D. the cheapest
3. Li Lei ran ________ more slowly than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so ??????????B. too? ???? C. very? ?????? D. much
4. I can type ________ than I can write by hand.
A. fast? ?????????? B. much faster C. more faster? ?????????? D. fastest
5. Jim did quite ________ in the English competitions, and I did even ________.
A. better; well? ??????????B. well; well? C. well; better? ??????????D. better; better
6. —Boys and girls, ________ you work, ________ result you will get.
?? —We know, Miss Gao.?
A. the better; the harder? B. the harder; the better
C. the hard; the better?? D. the harder; the good
7. Which would you like ________, basketball or football??
A. good? ????? B. better? C. best???????? D. well
8. Bob jumps farther than ________ in his class.
A. any other boys B. the other boys C. any boy D. another boy
III. 写作。
环境变得越来越糟糕。环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习、生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重……如何保护我们的环境？学校的英语论坛正在进行热议。请以“How to protect/save our environment/world?”为题用英语写一篇短文，阐述你的观点。
提示：存在的问题：
1. 水污染越来越严重；
2. 砍伐森林严重；
3. 大气污染严重；
4. 白色垃圾等。
要求：如何改善/保护环境？列举3-4个方面，100词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
I. 1. cheaper 2.?elder, older 3. less, fewer 4. larger 5. harder, more
6. stronger 7.?worse 8. fatter, fatter 9. the shorter 10. more beautiful
II. 1—5 BBDBC? 6—8 BBB
Chapter 15 The world and the environment
曲阜市杏坛中学 张 倩
课标分析
义务教育阶段英语课程的任务是：激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想像能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界以及中外文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。学生在义务教育阶段应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法以及用于表达常见话题和功能的语言形式等。
