Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
句子成分及句子结构
[教材示例]
分析下列加黑部分，并体会它们的语法功能
1．Today is the start of a new term，the start of a three year journey and the start of a promising future.
2．...opportunity lies in each challenge.
3．In time you will find yourself growing into a well rounded individual.
4．There are also a lot of school activities for you.
[我的发现]
(1)句1中the start of a new term，...a promising future作表语。句1结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语。
(2)句2中each challenge作宾语。句2结构为：主语＋谓语＋宾语。
(3)句3中growing into a well rounded individual作宾语补足语。句3结构为：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
(4)句4中 a lot of school activities作主语。句4结构为：There be＋主语。
一、句子成分(sentence elements)
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。主要的句子成分有主语(S)和谓语(V)，次要成分有宾语(O)、表语(P)、定语(Attr.)、状语(A)、补语(C)。
1．主语(subject)
定义 指句子所谈论的主体(祈使句中，主语you常常省略)
位置 一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
构成 可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词 ing形式、名词化的形容词、主语从句等构成
The village is very beautiful.(名词作主语)
这个村庄非常美丽。
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.(代词作主语)
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。
Six is my lucky number.(数词作主语)
6是我的幸运数字。
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(动词不定式作主语)
要把这个理想变成现实，需要努力工作。
Skating is good exercise.(动词 ing形式作主语)
滑冰是一项很好的运动。
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词作主语)
年轻人应该尊重老年人。
What has happened proves that our policy is right.(主语从句作主语)
所发生的事情证明我们的政策是正确的。
2．谓语(verb)
定义 又称“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。
位置 一般放在主语后面。
构成 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成(2)由系动词加表语构成
He practices running every morning.(动词作谓语)
他每天早上练习跑步。
He looked after the two orphans.(动词短语作谓语)
他照顾这两个孤儿。
You may keep the book for two weeks.(“情态动词＋动词 ed形式”作谓语)
这本书你可以借两周。
He has caught a bad cold.(“助动词＋动词 ed形式”作谓语)
他得了重感冒。
We are students.(“系动词＋表语”作谓语)
我们是学生。
3．宾语(object)
定义 通常指动作的对象。有时动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)
构成 可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词 ing形式、名词化的形容词、宾语从句等构成
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)
她现在正在做作业。
I like it very much.(代词作宾语)
我非常喜欢它。
—How many dictionaries do you have
你有多少本字典？
—I have five.(数词作宾语)
我有五本。
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化的形容词作宾语)
昨天他们帮老人做家务。
I want to play basketball.(动词不定式作宾语)
我想打篮球。
I practise speaking English everyday.(动词 ing形式作宾语)
我每天练习说英语。
He told me that he was a teacher before.(宾语从句作宾语)
他告诉我他以前是老师。
Could you lend me your dictionary？(me为间接宾语，your dictionary为直接宾语)
你能把字典借给我吗？
4．补语(complement)
定义 用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况，分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语(object complement)
位置 一般位于主语或宾语后面
构成 可以由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语等构成
He is made chairman of the club.(名词作主语补足语)
他被任命为俱乐部主席。
We must keep it a secret.(名词作宾语补足语)
我们必须保守秘密。
They painted their boat white.(形容词作宾语补足语)
他们把船漆成白色。
Please keep the dog out.(副词作宾语补足语)
请把狗放在外面。
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(动词不定式作宾语补足语)
你不能强迫他把钱借给你。
We saw her playing in the room.(动词 ing形式作宾语补足语)
我们看见她在房间里玩。
I had my bike repaired yesterday.(动词 ed形式作宾语补足语)
我昨天请人把自行车修好了。
He found himself in a hospital.(介词短语作宾语补足语)
他发现自己在医院里。
5．状语(adverbial)
定义 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
位置 可以位于句首，句中，句尾。
构成 可以由副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等构成。
Light travels very quickly.(副词作状语)
光传播得很快。
I got home，tired and thirsty.(形容词作状语)
我回到家，又累又渴。
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语作状语)
他在这座城市住了十年了。
He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination.(动词不定式短语作状语)
他为通过了全国高考而自豪。
They came out of the classroom，talking and laughing.(分词作状语)
他们说笑着走出教室。
If it doesn't rain，we'll go camping tomorrow.(状语从句作状语)
如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。
6．表语(predicative)
定义 指连系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态
位置 一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后
构成 一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动词 ing形式、介词短语、副词及句子构成
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词作表语)
我们的英语老师是美国人。
Is it yours？(代词作表语)
它是你的吗？
The weather has turned cold.(形容词作表语)
天气变冷了。
The speech is exciting.(分词作表语)
演讲很激动人心。
Three times seven is twenty one.(数词作表语)
三乘七等于二十一。
His aim is to become an English teacher.(动词不定式作表语)
他的目标是成为一名英语教师。
His hobby is playing football.(动词 ing形式作表语)
他的爱好是踢足球。
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语作表语)
这台机器一定是坏了。
Time is up.The class is over.(副词作表语)
时间到了。下课了。
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(从句作表语)
事实是他从未出过国。
7．定语(attributive)
定义 用来修饰名词或代词
位置 一般位于被修饰的词前或后
构成 一般由名词、代词、名词或代词所有格、数词、形容词、分词、动词 ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语、定语从句构成
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词作定语)
桂林是一座美丽的城市。
China is a developing country；America is a developed country.(分词作定语)
中国是一个发展中国家；美国是一个发达国家。
There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词作定语)
我们学校有三十名女教师。
Is this your bike？(代词作定语)
这是你的自行车吗？
His son needs Tom's pen.(名词所有格作定语)
他儿子需要汤姆的钢笔。
Two boys need two pens.(数词作定语)
两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(动词不定式短语作定语)
我们班长总是第一个进入教室的。
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动词 ing形式作定语)
下学期的教学计划已经制定好了。
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语作定语)
他正在读一篇关于如何学习英语的文章。
The boy who is talking with the teacher is my brother.(定语从句作定语)
正在和老师说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
二、句子结构(sentence structures)
1．主语＋谓语(SV)& 主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语，但有时后跟状语修饰动词。状语一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
The rain stopped．
主语 谓语
The time passed quickly．
主语 谓语 状语
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)& 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语。有时后跟状语修饰动词。
We are learning English．
主语 谓语 宾语
I don't like to stay at home on Sundays．
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(SVP)
特点：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
①表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等；
②表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等；
③表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。
My sister is a nurse．
主语 系动词 表语
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
特点：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。
Her mother bought her a skirt．
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
[名师点津] 常跟双宾语的动词：①需借助于to的动词：bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write等；②需借助于for的动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare等。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC)
特点：谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。
The news made us very sad．
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
The teacher asked me to answer the question．
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
[名师点津] 用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正宾语”。it做形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，guess，imagine，judge，prove，see，suppose，take等。
6．There be结构
特点：There be...意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be...属倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be 中的be 有时可以是用lie，stand，used to be，seem to be，appear to be等替换。
There are two people waiting outside.
主语
focus n．焦点，重点 vt.& vi. 集中
(教材原句)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标让你有生活的重点。
(1)focus on 集中(注意力)于……，聚焦于……
focus one's attention/mind on... 集中某人注意力/心思于……
bring...into focus 使……成为焦点
(2)focused adj. 注意力集中的；目标明确的
[佳句背诵] We should focus our attention on the needs of the customer.
我们应该把注意力集中在顾客的需求上。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①A good teacher should focus on developing students' learning ability.
②With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him，he felt very nervous.
③The incident that happened yesterday has brought the safety of students into focus.
④I believe he will do well in the exam—he is really focused (focus) in class.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤It is very noisy outside so he can't focus his attention on study.
外面很吵，所以他无法集中注意力学习。
detail n．细节，具体情况
(教材原句)To realize your goals，you need to have a good plan，manage your time well and pay attention to details.为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，关注细节。
(1)in detail 详细地
go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明
(2)detailed adj. 详细的，详尽的
[佳句背诵] We carefully watched every detail of his action. 我们仔细观察了他动作的每个细节。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①Please visit our website to get more details (detail) of our products.
②Thankfully，after I explained my plan to them in detail，they said yes.
③He gave me detailed (detail) instructions on how to get there.
◎能力提升——微写作
④他拒绝详细叙述他的计划。
He refused to go into detail(s) about his plans.
[语境串记] If you want to get more details，please contact me.I will give you more detailed information about it.如果你想了解更多细节，请联系我。我会给你更详细的信息。
as a result of 由于
(教材原句)As a result of your action，your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.由于你的行动，你的梦想将会实现，并且你有希望能过上幸福的生活。
(1)as a result 结果；因此
without result 徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result in 导致；造成
result from 由……引起
[佳句背诵] The football match was put off as a result of the storm.由于暴风雨，足球赛推迟了。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①He studied hard last term and，as a result，he passed the examination.
②His laziness resulted in his failure；that's to say，his failure resulted from his laziness.
③Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.
◎能力提升——微写作
④As a result of the heavy fog，all flights have been delayed.
由于雾太大，所有航班都延误了。
base vt.以……为基础(依据)n. 根据；基础；基底，总部，大本营
(教材原句)Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。
(1)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上
be based on 以……为基础/根据
(2)basis n. 基础；原因；基准
on the basis of 以/根据……为基础
(3)basic adj. 基本的，基础的
basically adv. 大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说
[佳句背诵] This novel is based on historical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience.
②This business plan has been created on the basis of a careful market research.
③The local government has taken effective measures to meet the basic (base) living needs of residents.
④There have been some problems but basically (basic) it's a good system.
◎能力提升——微写作
⑤The film is based on her own experience，so it is very touching.(base)
这部电影是根据她自己的经历拍摄的，所以非常感人。
[语境串记] Basically，his income only meets basic living expenses.So he only chooses a simple lifestyle based on his limited salary.
总的说来，他的收入只够支付基本的生活费。因此，他只能根据自己有限的薪水选择简单的生活方式。
remind vt.提醒，使想起
(教材原句)This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你正在为了什么而努力，并使你精力集中。
(1)remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)做某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起……
remind sb. that ... 提醒某人……
(2)reminder n. 引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物；通知单
[佳句背诵] What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句名言。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①You'd better remind your grandfather to take (take) his medicine，in case he forgets.
②If you hadn't reminded me of the meeting，I would certainly have forgotten it.
③The exhibition is a reminder (remind) for us not to forget the past.
◎能力提升——微写作
④Don't forget to remind her of the time of the dinner party.
别忘了提醒她晚宴的时间。
aim n．目的，目标vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对
(教材原句)Club aim：To improve short story writing skills
俱乐部目标：提高短篇小说写作技能
(1)aim to do sth. 目标是做某事，旨在做某事
aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准……，对准……；旨在(做)某事
(2)take aim at... 瞄准……；对准……
with the aim of ... 目的是……，为了……
[佳句背诵] Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。
◎基础练透——单句语法填空
①The project aims to get (get) kids to a stage called “deep reading”，where they can read to learn.
②The new measures aim at improving (improve) people's awareness of environmental protection.
③You must take aim at the target carefully before you shoot.
④The competition was started with the aim of encouraging young writers.
◎能力提升——一句多译
⑤这项活动旨在减少交通事故。
→This campaign aims to reduce road accidents.
→This campaign aims at reducing road accidents.
→This campaign is aimed at reducing road accidents.
维度一 单词拼写
1．The material(材料)of the skirt is silk so it is soft and comfortable to wear.
2．The focus(焦点)of the discussion is how to help students balance study and entertainment.
3．He put up the poster(海报)of his favourite singer on the wall of his bedroom.
4．The artist combined different techniques(技巧)in the painting，which made it very special.
5．You'd better get some professional(专业的)advice on how to improve your handwriting.
维度二 单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately，we missed the train as a result of getting up too late.
2．Children have different styles (style) of learning: some learn by seeing，and some by hearing，some by doing.
3．We aim to give (give) every student more opportunities to practice their oral English.
4．The passage will give you some tips (tip) on how to save money.
5．The police did not provide detailed (detail) information about the accident.
维度三 语法与写作
1．Though many people are against it，I'll stick to my opinion.(stick)
尽管许多人反对，我还是坚持自己的意见。
2．The report is based on figures from six European cities.(base)
这份报告是以来自欧洲六个城市的数据为基础的。
3．Please remind him to close the windows when he leaves.(remind)
请提醒他在离开时把窗子关上。
课时精练(二) Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
[基础达标]
维度一 写出黑体部分在句中所作成分
1．The aged are well taken care of in the village.主语
2．He managed to finish the work in time.宾语
3．His wish is to become a scientist.表语
4．Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.谓语
5．He noticed a man enter the room.宾语补足语
6．Would you tell me your advice？直接宾语
7．I opened the window to let some fresh air in.状语
8．He was elected chairman of the company.主语补足语
9．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite outstanding student.定语
10．It makes no difference whether he will come or not.主语
维度二 选出下列句子属于哪种句子结构
①SV ②SVO ③SVP ④SVOO ⑤SVOC ⑥SVA ⑦SVOA ⑧There be句型
1．Time flies.①
2．He enjoys reading.②
3．The sun keeps us warm.⑤
4．The dinner smells good.③
5．The red sun rises in the east.⑥
6．There are 45 students in our class.⑧
7．This is an English Chinese dictionary.③
8．I want to have a cup of tea very much.⑦
9．Would you please pass me the dictionary ④
10．She cooked her husband a delicious meal.④
维度三 语法与写作
(一)用括号内的基本句型翻译下面句子。
1．我是一名16岁的男孩。(主系表)
I am a 16 year old boy.
2．我现在正在一所高中学习。(主谓状)
I am studying in a senior high school now.
3．我已经在这里交了很多好朋友。(主谓宾状)
I have made many good friends here.
4．昨天我们英语老师给我们讲了一个小故事。(主谓双宾语)
Our English teacher told us a story yesterday.
5．这个故事使所有的学生都很开心。(主谓宾宾补)
The story made all the students very happy.
(二)运用衔接词把上面的句子合并成一篇40词左右的微型作文。
I am a 16 year old boy and I am studying in a senior high school now.I have made many good friends here.Our English teacher told us a story yesterday，and it made all the students very happy.
[素能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Schuylerville Senior High School students have a broad range of interests，which are reflected by the number of clubs and organizations in which our students participate.Here are some of the most popular clubs.
Environmental Club
Open to students in grades 9 12
Advisor: Mrs.Flores
The High School Environmental Club is open to all students interested in increasing environmental awareness throughout the school.Activities include: recycling，environmental competitions，volunteering with green schools and outdoor events.
Freshman Class
Open to students in grades 9 10
Advisor: Mr.Winslow
The freshmen class participates in several activities throughout the year to raise money for the class account.The class officers meet once a month to discuss business that affects the entire class.All members of the freshman class are encouraged to participate in some type of community service during the year.
Literary Magazine
Open to students in grades 10 12
Advisor: Mr.Sgambati
Members of the Literary Magazine collect，edit and often contribute to the body of student work.Literary Magazine meetings will also give students the opportunity to share and receive feedback on the creative pieces that they're working on，as well as the chance to learn about writing practices and strategies.
Mock Trial Team
Open to students in grades 11 12
Advisor: Mrs.Lewis
Mock Trial is an after school activity that helps students develop useful knowledge about the law.Students play out all the roles and use general rules of evidence and fact explanations in a school court.They will work with a real lawyer and an advisor to further understand the court process.
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Schuylerville高中的几个最受欢迎的俱乐部。
1．At which club can you take part in the community service
A．Environmental Club.
B．Freshman Class.
C．Literary Magazine.
D．Mock Trial Team.
B [细节理解题。根据Freshman Class部分中“...participate in some type of community service during the year.”可知，在Freshman Class你可以参加社区服务活动，故选B项。]
2．What does Mock Trial Team aim to do
A．To encourage students to be lawyers.
B．To develop students' writing skills.
C．To explain all kinds of facts at school.
D．To help students learn more about laws.
D [细节理解题。根据Mock Trial Team部分中“...helps students develop useful knowledge about the law.”可知，Mock Trial的目标是帮助学生学习更多的法律知识，故选D项。]
3．Where is this text most likely from
A．A news report. B．A school website.
C．A research paper. D．A science magazine.
B [文章出处题。根据第一段内容及后文介绍了几个最受欢迎的俱乐部的招收对象都是学生可推断出，本文最有可能来自学校网站，故选B项。]
B
I woke up this morning，excited but anxious，as today was the day I would begin my journey of senior high school.
The school I attended is an all female(全女子的)boarding school，which is the only single sex school in this city.Some people say single sex schools are better than mixed sex ones in that they have classes specially designed for their male or female students.I am curious to know what such a school looks like.Thousands of thoughts flashed through my mind.Will I fit in Will I make friends Will I have nice teachers What if I make a bad impression on the other girls What if I can't concentrate in class as I did in junior high
After breakfast，I set off with Mom sitting beside me and Dad driving the car.We were warmly received by a group of seniors at the school gate.I said goodbye to Mom and Dad there.Some of the seniors helped take my suitcase(手提箱)to the dormitory，where I met my three roommates，Sally，Laura and AmandA．Only two of us have Chinese nationality while Sally is Korean and Laura American，who impressed me most with her beautiful eyes and sweet smile.
Since we had no classes in the morning，the four of us decided to explore our campus.Our school is beautiful with tall trees，bright flowers，nice looking grassland and buildings of the southern Chinese style.A notice board we passed by shows a lot of activity photos and says “With more than 50 student organisations on campus，there is a community for every interest”．I took a photo of the name list of the organisations so that I could study them carefully this weekend before I choose to register with some.I am looking forward to improving myself through group activities.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一天去一所全女子寄宿高中学校报道，有些担心和焦虑，后来受到学校的热烈欢迎并结识了三个室友，还一起探索了她们美丽的校园。
4．What is special about the school the author attends
A．It is the best school in the city.
B．It is better than mixed sex schools.
C．It has classes only for male students.
D．It has only female students.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The school I attended is an all female boarding school，which is the only single sex school in this city.”可知，作者学校的特别之处是只有女学生，故选D项。]
5．How did the author come to school
A．All by herself.
B．With her three roommates.
C．With her parents keeping her company.
D．With some seniors carrying her suitcase.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“After breakfast，I set off with Mom sitting beside me and Dad driving the car.”可知，是作者的爸爸和妈妈陪同作者去学校的，故选C项。]
6．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Their exploration of the campus.
B．The landscape of the school.
C．A bulletin board.
D．Student organisations.
A [段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Since we had no classes in the morning，the four of us decided to explore our campus.”及下面的内容可知，本段讲述了作者和室友探索校园的所见所闻，故选A项。]
7．What may the paragraph following the text talk about
A．What activities would be held.
B．What happened that afternoon.
C．How to get along with roommates.
D．How to study in senior high school.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since we had no classes in the morning，the four of us decided to explore our campus.”可知，因为上午作者和室友去探索校园了，所以接下来应该写下午发生的事情了，故选B项。]
C
Dear Daisy，
Phew! I'm so glad the day is over.I'm really tired，but my first day at school went well.
First of all，we met outside the school building.I was very nervous because my primary school only had 300 pupils but in the middle school there are about 1，300.What a difference! The older pupils are really big.I felt so small waiting there in front of the school.
The head teacher came out and told us to go into the school hall.Then he called our names out to tell us which class we were in.My class teacher is called Mrs.Black.She took us to our classroom.It's on the 5th floor.We aren't allowed to use the lift! I couldn't believe it.
We spent all morning with Mrs.Black looking at our timetables.Everyone in the school had a different timetable.I'm worried that I'll forget my timetable and go to the wrong room.
Lunchtime was OK.I had salad，fish and fruit，which was quite good，and then I went to play football with some of the other boys.They were all friendly and I don't think it will take me long to make friends.
After lunch we started lessons.I had maths and then history，where we started to learn about ancient Greece.That looked interesting.I have to do some homework tonight to find out how the ancient Greek people lived，so I'm going to do an Internet search and look it up in the library.
So far so good.I am quite looking forward to tomorrow，even though I've got science.I hate science!
Yours，
Jason
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一封Jason写给Daisy的信，信中记叙了Jason在学校第一天所发生的事情，Jason在新学校的感觉一切都很好。
8．Why did the head teacher come
A．To give the pupils a timetable.
B．To tell the pupils which class they were in.
C．To show the pupils how to use the lift.
D．To take the pupils to their classrooms.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The head teacher came out and told us to go into the school hall.Then he called our names out to tell us which class we were in.”可知，校长来是告诉学生们他们在哪个班，故选B项。]
9．What is the correct order for Jason to spend the day
a．Jason looked at his timetable.
b．Jason went to the school hall.
c．Jason started his lessons.
d．Jason played football with some boys.
A．c→a→b→d B．a→c→b→d
C．b→c→a→d D．b→a→d→c
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The head teacher came out and told us to go into the school hall.”和第四段中“We spent all morning with Mrs.Black looking at our timetables.”和第五段中“Lunchtime was OK.I had salad，fish and fruit，which was quite good，and then I went to play football with some of the other boys.”和第六段中“After lunch we started lessons.”可知，Jason度过这一天的正确顺序是b→a→d→c，故选D项。]
10．What can we learn from the passage
A．Jason didn't realize the new school was smaller than his primary school.
B．Jason was lucky enough to have his friends in the same class.
C．Jason thought it unbelievable，for they are not allowed to use the lift.
D．Jason didn't think the boys were friendly when playing football.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“We aren't allowed to use the lift! I couldn't believe it.”可知，Jason认为不让使用电梯是不可思议的，故选C项。]
11．How did Jason feel on the first day of his new school
A．Terrible. B．Disappointed.
C．Worried. D．Good.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So far so good.I am quite looking forward to tomorrow，even though I've got science.I hate science！”可以推断出，Jason在新学校的第一天感觉是好的，故选D项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Get Higher Marks in Exams
Have you got an important test coming up，where you really want to stand out Or do you generally want to improve your grades？ 1 There are a number of tricks and practices which can significantly improve your chances of scoring high on a test.This article will help you in studying，analyzing and solving exam questions，so read on!
2
The best thing you can do to raise your test scores is to pay attention when you're supposed to be learning the material: in class! Letting your mind wander or not showing up at all are both likely to make you miss out on key information that will later appear on tests.
Take good notes.
3 There's no point putting something you don't understand into your notes.A short review of your notes while the material is still fresh on your mind helps your learn more.The more you learn then，the less you'll have to learn later and the less time it will take.
Do your home work.
Homework，such as assignments and at home reading are where you will find the rest of the information that will be on tests，so doing this homework is important. 4
Do practice tests.
Ask your teacher or go online and print a few practice tests.And you can take a practice test. 5 Knowing your weak spots before a test is vital!
A．Plan your time carefully.
B．Pay attention in your classes.
C．Find out which ways help you learn better，and use it.
D．Needless to say，the answer to both these questions is yes.
E．Schedule time and set aside a quiet place just for doing it to avoid being disturbed.
F．This way will help you to figure out how much information you actually don't know.
G．Successful students write down something understandable and organized，and review it often.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考试得高分的诀窍和练习。
1．D [空前提出两个一般疑问句，故D项(不用说，这两个问题的答案都是肯定的。)和上文的两个问题相呼应。]
2．B [本空为段落标题句。根据下文“The best thing you can do to raise your test scores is to pay attention when you're supposed to be learning the material: in class！”可知，本段是围绕注意力而展开的，故选B项(上课要专心。)。pay attention为复现词。]
3．G [根据本段的小标题“Take good notes.”可知，本段介绍的是做笔记。G项中“write down something”和做笔记有关。]
4．E [根据上文“...doing this homework is important.”可知，做作业很重要。E项(安排时间和留出一个安静的地方去做它以免被干扰)介绍了如何做作业，E项中it指的就是homework。]
5．F [根据上文“And you can take a practice test.”以及下文“Knowing your weak spots before a test is vital！”可知，模拟测试可以知道自己的弱点，F项(这种方法将帮助你找出有多少你实际上不知道的信息。)承接上文。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022·广元市高一上学期期中)
Han Jing 1. (enter) senior high school last week.Her first day at senior high 2. (final) arrived after she had pictured it over and over again in 3. (she) mind.She was not outgoing and a little anxious.She wondered how to make a good first 4. (impress).
She found that her first maths class was quite difficult，but the teacher was kind 5. friendly.He even told the students a joke 6. (make) them laugh.In the afternoon，she had a chemistry class in the science lab.However，the student next to her tried to talk to her，which made 7. difficult for her to concentrate on the experiment.
However，after the first school day was over，Han Jing's worry disappeared.She didn't feel awkward and 8. (frighten) any longer.Although she missed her friends from junior high school，she believed that she would make new friends here.Now，she is curious 9. what she will learn and becomes more confident.She is looking forward to 10. (have) her next class.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在高中的第一天，韩静所见、所闻和所感以及第一天后她的变化。
1．解析： arrived 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last week可知，本空应用一般过去时。
2．解析： finally 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词arrived，故应用副词形式作状语。
3．解析： her 考查代词。本空修饰名词mind，故应用形容词性物主代词。in one's mind意为“在某人的脑海中，在某人的心中”。
4．解析： impression 考查词性转换。本空作动词make的宾语，故应用名词形式。make a good first impression意为“留下好的第一印象”。
5．解析： and 考查连词。本空前后形容词kind和friendly是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
6．解析： to make 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。
7．解析： it 考查代词。本空在句中作形式宾语，不定式短语 to concentrate on the experiment作真正的宾语，故本空应用it作形式宾语。
8．解析： frightened 考查词性转换。feel为系动词，本空与形容词awkward共同作表语，故应用形容词frightened，意为“感到害怕的”。
9．解析： about 考查介词。be curious about意为“对……感到好奇”。
10．解析： having 考查非谓语动词。look forward to意为“期待，盼望”，to为介词，故本空应用动词 ing形式作宾语。
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